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Operator
To prevent any background noise, after the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, please press star followed by two. Please note that many of the comments made today are considered forward-looking statements under federal securities law. As described in the company's filings with the SEC, these statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause future results to differ from those expressed, and the company is not obliged to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements. In addition, on today's call, the company will discuss certain non-GAAP financial information, such as adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and net service billing. You can find this information together with the reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP information in the company's earnings press release and 8K filed with the SEC and on the company's investor website at investors.bowman.com. Management will deliver prepared remarks, after which they will be taking live questions from the published research analysts. Throughout the call, attendees on the webcast may post questions from management to answer on the call or in subsequent communications, but there will be no live Q&A from the webcast attendees. Replays of the call will be available on the company's investor website. Mr. Bowman, you may begin your prepared remarks.
Bowman
Thank you, operator. Good morning, and thank you, everyone, for joining the Bowman 2023 year-end earnings call. As always, I'm joined this morning by Bruce Leibovitz, our chief financial officer. We appreciate everyone taking time to participate. I'm going to start off with a quick update on Bowman, then Bruce will discuss our financial results. After that, I'll talk a bit about markets and pipeline before we open the line for questions. This call this morning is our first call after completing six acquisitions since our last earnings release. I want to welcome everyone from CFA, Blankenship, High Mesa, Hess Roundtree, TCE, and Spiess Lewis. This is a dynamic collection of organizations with highly skilled and motivated professionals. We're already making an impact on Bowman. I also want to welcome everyone else who's likewise joined us recently on our journey. I'm going to start off by reiterating our belief that the business of Bowman is foundationally solid. The markets we serve are well-funded. The need to construct, improve, and repair the infrastructure supporting the U.S. built environment remains urgent. Demand for the work of qualified engineers and technical professionals exceeds the supply of resources. And both our culture and our commitment to professional growth continue to attract and retain top talent. Since 2020, that's the year preceding our IPO, we've grown at an exceptional compounded annual rate of 30%. We've completed 29 acquisitions of operating companies since the beginning of 2021. We've nearly tripled our staff by adding about 1,500 employees. We've diversified and deconcentrated our revenue streams, and we've expanded geographically by nearly doubling our footprint of offices. We're all tremendously proud of these accomplishments, and I firmly believe in our team and our approach. However, we've not been nor will we always be flawless in the execution of our strategy. The end of 2023 was disappointing. It resulted from what we consider to be a series of miscalculations on our part relating to the integration of multiple cultures, new and unfamiliar clients, and expectations around year-end utilization. Put simply, we didn't achieve the levels of collective productivity at the end of the year that we have historically experienced and relied on for guidance. While we're chagrined to have missed our forecast by what is, in effect, a couple of days of earned revenue, we're no means ashamed of the year we delivered. Rest assured, as we persevere with our aggressive business strategy, we continually learn, adapt, and change courses necessary. We press forward, resolute in our commitment to continuous improvement and to delivering growth and shareholder value. Now I'll turn it over to Bruce.
Bruce
Great. Thanks, Gary. Good morning. I'm going to take a few minutes this morning to walk through our financial results and discuss our forecasts for 2024. For the fourth quarter, gross revenue was $93 million, up $17 million, or 23% from last year. Net service billing, a non-GAAP financial metric also referred to as net revenue, was $80.5 million, up $14.3 million, or 22% from last year. Our net-to-gross ratio, the indicator of how much of our revenue is generated by our workforce as compared to outside subconsultants, was 86.6% for the fourth quarter compared to 87.5% last year. That one percentage point change is representative of changes in client mix and really isn't consequential. Gross revenue posted a 6% organic growth rate for the quarter, while net revenue posted a 4% organic growth rate. The organic growth rates were depressed as compared to prior periods because of comparatively lower productivity throughout the organization at the end of 2023. Gross margin was 50.4% in the fourth quarter. Although down around 180 basis points compared to last year, It's still within our 50 to 55% range, albeit on the low end. Compared to last year, SG&A expenses rose in the fourth quarter, both nominally by nearly $10 million and as a percentage of both gross and net revenue. This increase in percentage was to be expected as more operations labor was classified as indirect this quarter, again, due comparatively reduced productivity at the end of the year. Lower than expected revenue in the quarter resulted in a net loss from operations of 3.7 million. After other expenses and nearly $5 million R&D-related tax accrual, which I'll address later in my update on Section 174 issues, net loss after tax was 7.7 million for the quarter. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was 11.2 million, or a 14% margin on net revenue. Add-backs are limited to non-cash stock compensation and acquisition-related expenses. This year we closed on 11 acquisitions with six acquisitions during the fourth quarter. That brought the total post IPO to 26. During the fourth quarter, we have marginally elevated acquisition related expenses due to the volume of closing and the closeout of purchase accounting for 15 acquisitions. For the full year, gross revenue was $346.3 million. up 84.5 million or 32% from last year. Net service billing was 304 million, up 68.8 million or 29% from last year. Our net to gross ratio was 87.8% for the year compared to 89.9 last year. Again, the two percentage point change is representative of changes in client mix and isn't consequential. Gross revenue posted a 21% organic growth rate for the year, while net revenue posted an 18% organic growth rate. Both are significant results we intend to build from this year. Gross margin was 50.8% in the year, down around 80 basis points compared to last year, and is again within our expected range. For the year, SG&A expenses rose nominally by 45%, by 45.5 million, excuse me, and as a percentage of both gross and net revenue. The increase in SG&A is principally a result of our growth, but it's also impacted by additional investments in corporate infrastructure and processes required for our upcoming transition out of emerging growth company status at the end of 2026. Net loss from operations was $650,000 for the year. After other expenses and the R&D tax accruals, net loss after tax was $6.6 million. In connection with the impact of the full year loss on our three-year cumulative income, We performed an in-depth analysis of the recoverability of our deferred tax assets, most of which are related to R&D tax changes. We were closely with our auditors to conclude, based on multiple forecasted sources of future income, that the recoverability of these deferred tax assets was not impaired and no valuation allowance was warranted. Adjusted EBITDA for the full year was $47 million, up $13 million, or 38% compared to last year. Well, adjusted EBITDA margin on net revenue was up 100 basis points over last year at 15.5. We are disappointed not to have made more progress toward our stabilized long-term goal of high teens margins. Backlog at year end was $306 million, up $63 million from last year, and up $8.5 million from the end of the third quarter. Year end backlog revenue was 55% building infrastructure, 24% transportation, 17% power, utilities, and energy, 4% emerging markets, including water, mining, and environmental. Backlog is accreted both from new orders and through acquisition and is worked on by resources throughout the company. Our efforts towards revenue diversification continued this year with building infrastructure decreasing from 65% of gross revenue last year to 56% of gross revenue this year. Transportation increased to 21% from 17%, and power and utilities increased to 19% from 13%. While these changes reduce concentration risk, we don't expect any meaningful margin changes over time resulting from this evolution in revenue mix. On the R&D tax front, we continue to monitor legislative developments and notices with respect to the alterations and potential reversal of tax changes enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act with respect to the deductibility of research and experimental expenditures during the tax year in which they are incurred. This change in tax law has had significant negative cash flow consequences for U.S. companies deemed to be engaging in IRS Code Section 174 related research and experimental investments. As we've discussed, we maintain an uncertain tax position related to what we feel are our facts and circumstances relating to IRC Section 174 as altered. In connection with our UTP, recorded in lieu of having made accelerated tax payments associated with the altered tax code, we have $38 million of deferred tax assets and have accrued a $4.8 million tax expense in 2023. Good news for now is that on January 31, 2024, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024, also known as H.R. 7024, on a bipartisan basis. Along with several other features, this legislation restores U.S. taxpayers' ability to deduct currently and retroactively domestic research and experimental expenditures paid or incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2021, and before January 2026. The bad news is that the Senate doesn't seem all that anxious to bring the bill up for vote. If H.R. 7024 is timely adopted by the U.S. Senate and subsequently signed by the President, we would be in a position to reverse our UTP-related liability, tax expense, and deferred tax assets. We continue to monitor this situation and remain hopeful that the overwhelmingly stimulative benefits of deductibility of U.S. research and experimental expenditures will be restored and widely available. At year end, we had $20.7 million of cash on hand and $73 million of net debt. Our leverage ratio of net debt to trailing four quarters of adjusted EBITDA at 47 million was just under 1.6 times and closer to 1.2 times on a forward basis. Approximately $21 million of our net debt is related to capital expenditures financing, and approximately $28 million is held by sellers of acquired companies. The remainder is outstanding under our line of credit relating to the cash portion of acquisition consideration and short-term working capital needs. The R&D credit accounting has made the dissection of our cash from operating activities a bit complicated. For 2023, cash from operations pre-working capital includes $4.7 million of accrued tax expenses associated with the UTP, which is embedded in our net loss. It also includes the addition of roughly $20 million in new deferred R&D tax. In the working capital section of cash from operations, we add back that $24.7 million of deferred tax not paid in the AP and accrued. This makes the pre- and post-working capital calculations a bit confusing standalone on their own. Our cash from operations was $11.7 million, which was an increase of $2.6 million over the last year. As we grow, our net contract assets, a proxy for work in process, increased $7.1 million, which consumed cash but is now consistent with our peers in terms of days of work in process. To the extent we continue to post outsized organic growth rates and continue to be highly acquisitive, we will consume cash faster than we would if we were to severely moderate growth and eliminate acquisitions. We still believe that at a high teens adjusted EBITDA margin and normalized organic growth, we would generate a 60% plus cash flow conversion rate. As of December 31st, 2023, we had 15.1 million shares issued and outstanding as listed on our balance sheet. This includes 1.7 million of restricted stock units, that had been granted but are still vesting, so they remain subject to forfeiture. It's important to remember that these unvested shares are excluded from basic counts on our income statement. In addition, there were approximately 700,000 performance units which are subject to vesting confirmation over the next two years. These PSUs, along with approximately 385,000 shares that could be converted under outstanding acquisition-related convertible notes, are not included and issued in outstanding share counts. As of today, there are approximately 15.3 million issued in outstanding. On an adjusted basis, EPS for the quarter was 33 cents basic and 31 dilutive, down from 44 cents and 41 cents, respectively, last year. For the full year, adjusted basic EPS was $1.12 and adjusted diluted EPS was $1.03, down from $1.46 and $1.36, respectively, last year. Adjusted EPS is a non-GAAP metric that adds back non-reoccurring expenses associated with acquisition, residual non-cash stock compensation associated with IPO grants, and other expenses not in the ordinary course of business. We believe adjusted EPS is a more meaningful representation of normalized long-term earnings per share. You can find a reconciliation to GAAP earnings per share in our press release. I'm going to conclude with an update to our 2024 guidance. We're increasing our guidance for net revenue to a range of 363 to 378 million. And we're increasing our adjusted EBITDA guidance to a range of 59 to 65 with a midpoint net revenue margin of 16.7%. These ranges include acquisitions through Spieth Lewis and do not contemplate future acquisitions. As we mentioned in yesterday's press release, the first couple of months post-closing are challenging for an acquired company as they go through the heaviest integration lifts. This will often negatively affect revenue in the short term. While considering the impact of future guidance of acquisitions, we recommend that everybody keep in mind that we add a prorated amount of announced annualized net billing based on the timing of closing within the year, increased for what is the equivalent of an additional few months, reduced for what is an additional one to two additional months of post billing, excuse me, billing post closing. depending on the complexity of the integration to account for utilization and revenue disruptions. With that, I'm going to turn the call back over to Gary.
Bowman
Okay. Thanks, Bruce. I'm now going to take a moment to review our markets, our revenue diversification accomplishments, and our vision for 2024 and beyond. We remain committed to our core markets of transportation, power, utilities, and energy, building infrastructure, and our other emerging markets, which include mining, water resources, and environmental consulting. For the past several years, we've relentlessly pursued a deliberate expansion of our scope of services and technical capabilities to gain market share through new relationships, while simultaneously increasing wallet share from existing customers. We've accomplished this through both strategic hiring and acquisition. Growing a business such as ours requires continuously adding productive human capital in an efficient manner. Our assembled group of talented professionals, which continually expands by way of acquisition and subsequent integration into a single operating organization, is the key ingredient in our ability to deliver exceptional growth and scale. To that end, our acquisition strategy is equally grounded in both expansion of capacity through accumulated accumulation of assembled workforces, as well as the realization of revenue synergies. Once again, building infrastructure was our largest market at just under $195 million, or 56% of our revenue. Power and utilities, however, was our fastest growing market, nearly doubling year over year. Starting this year, to better describe that market, we will refer to it as power, utilities, and energy. Our transportation business grew an impressive 60% year over year, and building infrastructure increased 14% year over year. These results are consistent with our commitment to revenue diversification and our focus on evolving and well-funded sectors of the infrastructure market. We continue to maintain a well-balanced and diverse customer base with no one customer representing more than 5% of 2023's gross contract revenue. William Boschelli, M.D.: : beginning with this call and the 10 K will file after market today we're providing further insight into the distribution of gross contract revenue by sub market over time, these categories will evolve when further dissection is warranted. William Boschelli, M.D.: : As you saw on the slide Bruce Bruce presented earlier we've broken out commercial real estate revenue into subcategories of retail hospitality and quick service restaurants office and industrial. James Rattling Leafs, Data centers healthcare and other. James Rattling Leafs, Within the transportation sector we've broken out revenue based on work for clients who are either public agencies or private developers. James Rattling Leafs, In the power utilities and energy sector we're reporting revenue from traditional transmission compared to energy transition and renewables, we hope this additional color on revenue will be helpful to investors. James Meeker & During 2023 we were awarded our first Arizona dot project as a prime contractor and just last week we were awarded a $2.6 million notice to proceed from the Rhode island dot to update their design manuals. James Meeker & We continue to work on the long term and large scale allegheny tunnel project with the Pennsylvania turnpike authority. and we're expanding our corridor and program management engagements for the Illinois Tollway Authority, IDOT, and others. Almost all IIJA money has been committed to states for transportation investment, but only a small percentage of it has been allocated to specific projects and starts. For example, the state of Illinois alone has nearly, has approximately $35 to $40 billion to spend on transportation in the next five years or so. With roughly 20% of all transportation project spending being reversed on pre-construction design, this equates to roughly $8 billion in engineering fees for these projects. As of now, there are simply not enough qualified transportation firms in the state to meet that demand. And that's just one state. We're focused on expanding our DOT and our transportation and bridge design relationships this year, as demonstrated by our Lewis acquisition in Lincoln, Nebraska. Our M&A program remains active with two acquisitions closed so far this year, and more anticipated to close between now and the next time we report in May. We remain committed to our communicated strategy of high frequency, limited risk acquisitions, which are fully integrated within 12 months of closing. This is not a mere pastime for us as evidenced by the fact that we've grown our internal acquisition machine over the past two years and now have nearly 20 of our staff dedicated to the overall M&A process from partner identification to deal negotiation and documentation to due diligence to closing and finally to integration. Our primary focus remains on under $30 million annualized net service billing companies. However, we anticipate the average net service billing size will continue to increase this year over the 2023 average of around 6 million. Our focus is on transportation, power and utilities, sectors along with technology-enabled operations, and high-resolution imaging and geospatial services. As we discussed on prior calls, we're committed to being a technology leader in the pure engineering and design industry. We continue to invest in artificial intelligence platforms, advanced machine learning systems, augmented reality applications, and GIS mapping to support our customers' increasing demand for integrated solutions. In one recent customer assignment, for example, we incorporated GIS data to introduce a wear variable to machine learning models that learn and process vast volumes of data resulting in greatly improved efficiencies that benefit both us and our customers. In our transportation group, we're using computer vision to assist with asset inspection and condition assessment. This technology helps to identify pavement conditions, illuminate map issues, and guide customers in their capital planning. Our geospatial division uses laser scanning and spatial orientation tools to develop Revit models for a wide range of facility developers, who in turn use these building information models to better manage their construction projects. In our water and wastewater practice, we're utilizing digital twin technology to provide customers real-time information on interactive dashboards and live maps of their systems. We're also using AI internally where it's combined with other technologies such as generative design, 3D modeling, data processing, and mapping information to generate smart and intelligent data sources that help our designers iterate faster and make the most informed decisions possible. Digital collaboration enabled by informed technology investment fosters repeat revenue and keeps projects performing on time and on budget. I'll conclude by reiterating we maintain a positive outlook for our markets in 2024. Thank you for participating in today's call, and thank you to all our staff for everything you do for our customers, our shareholders, and our communities. Operator, I'll now turn it back over to you for questions and answers.
Operator
At this time, I would like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, press star, then 1 on your telephone keypad. Our first question today comes from Brent Stillman from DA Davidson. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Brent Stillman
Great. Hey, thanks. Good morning, Gary, Bruce. Morning.
Gary , Bruce
Morning, Brent.
Brent Stillman
Gary, I appreciated your sort of candid comments on some of the challenges you faced late in the quarter. Timm Johnson, Can you talk about some of the things you used to specifically faced and kind of what you've done to move beyond these kind of temporary integration issues and and I guess what you've seen from the acquisition today for to get us more comfortable with the go forward cadence here.
Bowman
Timm Johnson, Well, looking back what we really see it as sort of a. uh you know integration is an ongoing uh thing and we had maybe a critical mass of of newly acquired companies that uh just uh are we had not gotten the cultural integration come far enough along uh to impress upon everybody the need to to keep moving throughout the year uh what we have we we learned we're learning from that and what is really just improving and concentrating on the cultural integration and getting everybody on board at the same time.
Brent Stillman
Okay. And then I guess just with respect to the outlook for 2024, the comment about uneven growth and net service billing kind of from 1Q to 3Q, Bruce, can you just sort of clarify that? I mean, presumably you're expecting sort of a sequential ramp up in revenue as we move from the first to the third quarter, as you typically see, but would love any more clarification to that.
Bruce
Yeah. So, Brent, if you think about, you know, you start with an average of the year 25, 25, 25, and, you know, and say, well, we get out a little bit slower, we pick up second and third, and we might moderate that a little bit in four. I would just maybe shave You know, a couple points off the front and the end, add them to the middle and have just a slightly uneven distribution so that there's have a ramp up one to three, maybe a plateau, uh, or, or, you know, we're, we're sort of thinking in our heads for don't get, don't have it happen again. So maybe we've kind of, we've, we've proformed a little bit of, you know, a drop off or, or plateau in the fourth quarter, not continued growth in the fourth quarter. So I just take a couple of points and move them around the spectrum.
Brent Stillman
Okay. And just lastly, you know, I guess if you take a step back, look at your transactions here recently throughout 2023. You know, Gary, there aren't necessarily any real large ones. I'm thinking about McMahon or kind of PDC, you know, 10 million plus. Right. Are you finding those types of deals more competitive? Is there an appetite for those transactions that are prevailing multiples?
Bowman
Just curious there. The bigger we get in the attractive markets, they are more competitive. But we're continuing to focus all throughout the size spectrum. So we have a focus this year. and some good pipeline potentials of some more of the bigger acquisitions. Okay, great. I'll pass it on. Thank you.
Bruce
Thanks, Brett. Thanks.
Operator
Our next question comes from Jeff Martin from Roth MKM. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Jeff Martin
Thanks. Good morning, Gary and Bruce. Good morning, Jeff. I wanted to dive into the, William Boschelli, M.D.: : morning when is that in the power and utilities segment a bit just just noticing the growth year over year in conjunction with the increase in backlog. William Boschelli, M.D.: : You know, up 20 million year over year for the for the segment you know typically you'd see backlog you know more flattish when you have that kind of outsized. William Boschelli, M.D.: : growth, so maybe comment, you know with respect to the segment where you're seeing particular strength, are you adding customers. Are you able to capture new types of projects as a result of some of the acquisitions you've done over the past year?
Bowman
Yeah, we're continually adding new customers, Jeff, and especially in customers dealing with energy transition and renewable energy. Lots of solar, lots of battery storage, some wind, and our Our power resiliency work is continuing to grow also, especially the utility undergrounding and so forth. We are, through our acquisitions, we are adding some new or enhancing our capabilities. So, for instance, we're increasing our ability to do more and more of the electrical engineering for these clients.
Jeff Martin
T. Great and then on the transportation segment you know, obviously, the opportunity is there the funding is there. T. What what things do you foresee you know positioning the business to take advantage of that and beyond what you've you've got today in terms of maybe adding resources or selling additional acquisitions or maybe partnering up with other firms.
Bowman
Yes. Yes to both. We have over this year, we've added some resources that will get us into especially some of the bigger program management aspects of this. That's an area where we see the DOTs really going to be there. They're going to be short on staff to administer all this. So that will be an area of growth. And also, it is a particular function of our focus of our M&A strategy. firms that serve the transportation markets and will continue to be able to take advantage of the IIJA funding. I think you can see, Jeff, there's been a lot of focus on DOTs.
Jeff Martin
Sorry, go ahead. I didn't mean to cut you off there.
Bruce
No, I was just saying there's been a lot of focus on DOTs and expanding the number of DOT clients and the depth within those clients.
Jeff Martin
Right, right. Okay. And then last one for me on the geospatial side, you know, speak to the enhancements you've made through acquisitions and maybe organically. And I know that's used broadly across your segments, but maybe speak to the take rate or the uptake rate in terms of how clients are using geospatial increasingly throughout your portfolio of segments.
Bowman
It's an area where we're currently probably applying the greatest amount of our digital skills and talents. A lot of our acquisitions don't do the geospatial work, so we're able to immediately add a wallet share to the clients we acquire. The technology is high-definition scanning and developing some digital twinnings. So those technologies have been advanced by several of our recent acquisitions.
Jeff Martin
Great. Thanks for taking the questions. Thanks, Jeff.
Operator
Our next question comes from Alex Reigel from B. Reilly. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Alex Reigel
Good morning, Gary and Bruce. Very, very nice year. Congratulations. Thank you, Alex. Thanks, Alex. A couple of quick questions here. There's been a notable mixed shift away from building infrastructure towards transportation and power and utilities over the past two years. Noting your earlier comments that this hasn't really changed your margin expectation, but has it changed your organic revenue growth outlook? at all and what is your sort of 2024 or intermediate multi-year kind of view on what organic growth could be for this this asset this asset being bowman or yes yes sorry no this hasn't been bowman okay uh our we we see organic growth this year being in the low to mid teens
Bowman
And I say the change in mix was our strategy from the day or before the day we decided to embark upon this journey of being a public company. So it's execution of a strategy. We don't see that changing our strategy as far as organic growth or our expectations and our ability to execute on organic growth.
Bruce
from a margin point of view i don't think that necessarily the markets themselves you know within each market there's pockets of of differentiating margin but essentially at the end of the day we're doing the same things you know in in different markets it's really a deconcentration of risk strategy more than a mark in terms of diversifying markets but but to earlier questions or the introduction of technology and and disruptive services could for periods of time have margin enhancing benefit. So it's really sort of more in the services that we see that there's opportunity for margin than it is in the distribution of revenue between markets. That's awful.
Alex Reigel
And then sort of looking at your end markets, Gary, could you maybe rank the two or three strongest end markets from an organic growth standpoint, and then maybe identify the ones that are either sort of declining or flattish at this moment in time?
Bowman
The strongest right now from organic is the power and energy, and especially those aspects, like I mentioned earlier, dealing with energy transition and renewable energy. That growth has been fairly phenomenal, and it's been almost all organic. I'll say In 2023, the building infrastructure was probably the softest. We see that what we're seeing in the market indicates that we'll probably pick up some this year as the interest rates peak and the outlook for interest rates to start going down.
Bruce
The other thing Alex will say is that the markets themselves are the strongest organic. For us, again, starting from smaller basis, the way to accelerate growth and create future organic, bigger organic growth returns is to acquire into those spaces, increase our capability. So short run, our organic growth rate within a market may not exactly line up with the organic growth rate of a market, to follow the difference, because we may we may acquire our way to a bigger basis to then take more opportunity from the organic growth nature of that market.
Alex Reigel
And then lastly, Bruce, or maybe Gary, you mentioned on the call that the class of acquisitions in 2024 in the aggregate will probably be on average a little bit larger than the class of 2023. Can you comment as you kind of, Look at larger businesses here does that suggest or imply that maybe the purchase prices are greater as well and or suggest or imply any other. You know, improved growth opportunities or risks.
Bowman
We are not envisioning that in 2024 on hold, we'll be paying more pound for pound for our acquisitions. So as we are evolving to larger acquisitions, we're still, I'll say, in the same general ballpark. So the same expectations for what we pay. What we're finding is, is it's not quite so much size dependent, again, in the area where we're doing business. But we need to get more aggressive on the pricing in the more desirable markets, like transportation businesses are expensive. Those dealing with the energy grid are more expensive. So it's it's that's where we see the where our expectations to have to pay increase based on the market they serve.
Alex Reigel
Very helpful. Thank you very much.
Gary , Bruce
Nice quarter. Thanks, Alex.
Operator
Our next question comes from Aaron Spakala from Craig Hallam. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Aaron Spakala
Yeah, good morning, Gary and Bruce. Thanks for taking the questions. Hi, Aaron. Morning, Aaron. Morning. So, you know, appreciate the commentary earlier about, you know, still seeing more demand for services than available supply. Can you just talk about any changes you might be seeing as it relates to pricing in the market, and then just maybe an update on labor as you manage the growth here moving forward?
Bowman
We're expecting and foresee the pricing in the marketplace to be the same as last year, obviously inflation. You have to sort of adjust, but inflation adjusted. We anticipate being able to still get, again, pound for pound, at least the same thing in the near future that we've been getting in the past. And we've done a good job in managing our labor costs. The labor costs certainly are increasing with inflation, but we're seeing an ability for the pricing and the cost of the labor to increase at the same rate as parallel lines.
Bruce
And so I think part of what we're saying also is we're not expecting hyperinflation in pricing. You know, our growth in the future is not just because the same clients are paying, you know, 1.5 times what they were paying before. It's really foundational growth. Right. There will be pricing growth. We continue to be – we also continue to be unique in our – amongst our peers in terms of the construct of the company and our ability to use equity as a as a form of compensation. And, you know, it benefits us in our in our attraction and retention of labor to to be what we are today relative to that is the competitive market for clients and the competitive market for labor. And we work very hard in both markets to to gain market share.
Aaron Spakala
Right, right. Understood. Okay. And then maybe second, can you just kind of talk about the visibility you have into 2024 guidance from the backlog and the pipeline today? Maybe how that compares the past years and then, you know, just maybe a little bit on other visibility you have from some of the reoccurring projects or sort of phased-in projects that might come in over time that aren't in backlog today.
Bruce
So, Aaron, I would say we certainly are seeing We're seeing a bigger impact from long-term projects. As we get bigger, that's one of the benefits of size, is that we are more engaged with more. That doesn't mean it's a majority yet, but we're more engaged with more long-term, more long-term visible projects. So that helps with visibility. Backlog. Generally, we can look into our backlog and try to see when projects will deliver. It's hard to be so granular that, you know, you're literally by day planning, you know, what's going to deliver. But you get a general sense, you know, from the bottom up of we really do spend a lot of time looking at when do we think projects will deliver, what do we think our backlog will support in utilization, and therefore how much revenue we can earn over a period of time. We generally go into a year expecting that 70 to 80% of our backlog will turn in a year, and then there's a lot of intra-year selling and delivering that sometimes never even makes it to backlog. Shorter term deliverables that, you know, you sell it on January 3rd and you deliver it on March 29th and the market never sees it as backlog. So we feel like we have good, strong visibility to being able to deliver again we caveat it always with you know the world doesn't fall apart in front of us you know um you know on the trajectory of the markets today with confidence between our pipeline of opportunities and our and our backlog that the guidance is deliverable got it and then just maybe last on kind of the regulatory backdrop you know last quarter you mentioned
Aaron Spakala
kind of less than 20% of the infrastructure bill and IRA funds. You know, it sounds like start that's starting to come more to the state level. But is that still still something that you think is more of a kind of late 2024 and into 2025 dynamic for for when, you know, you might see more of a benefit from that?
Bowman
We are we are forecasting it, not to repeat what you said, but in that kind of time timeframe, we've. I.J. has contributed fairly meaningly to our revenue in the past six to 12 months. It's picking up. I think it's ramping up slower than anybody anticipated that it would, but in our outreach to our clients and our feel for the market, we are expecting it second half of this year and well into 2025.
Bruce
Yeah, what we appreciate is that We expected, I think everybody expected it maybe to come a little sooner. We've still delivered the growth that we've delivered. Right. And that's still in front of us. And so we're, you know, well, it's good and bad news. Bad news, it hasn't come as quickly. Good news is we've been able to do what we've been able to do without it coming as quickly as everybody thought. And that's still not in our backlog because a lot of that work hasn't been let yet. But as we talked about just in Illinois, there's a backlog of $35 to $40 billion of Aaron Miller- Transportation work, and you know at 20% that they billion dollars just in one state of fees coming to pre construction firms.
Aaron Spakala
Aaron Miller- Right right no definitely will stay tuned for that thanks for taking the questions i'll i'll turn it over. Thanks Aaron.
Operator
Our last question is a follow-up from Brent Stillman from BA Davidson. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Brent Stillman
Welcome back, Brent. Thanks. Thank you. Bruce, an accounting 101 or 202 question. I'm not sure which, but on the uncertain tax position.
Bruce
can you explain what happens if hr 7024 were miraculously adopted by the senate and president i mean what should we expect to occur in the financial statement if yeah if my tax nightmare reverses yeah my tax nightmare you know goes away uh first i have a lot more free time um but but what what happens really is in the p l you would see a reversal of tax expense that 4.7 million. So nothing to adjusted EBITDA as a result of that. And the impact of the R&D amortization is not impacting short-term tax expense other than with that 4.7 million we talked about. So you wouldn't see a huge P&L impact, but you would see a reversal of the liability. And you would see the impact really run through the cash flow. But really, it would be neutral. You would just see these wild swings. You'd see this big reversal of deferred tax assets and a big reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses. So there's a lot of noise around not a lot of impact. The biggest impact for firms in this space has been the cash impact. of of this huge acceleration of tax payment that we have not yet um experienced because of the positions that we've taken so you wouldn't see a huge p l impact you'd see a big cash flow change but on a net basis it's neutral uh it would just take a lot of the anxiety out of uh of of the of the market and put a lot more investable cash back in the hands of firms like ours. I don't know if that was an accounting answer.
Brent Stillman
The impact on the cash flow is negligible because you're already addressing that in the working capital portion, is what you're saying.
Bruce
Yeah, because we've had to book it, then we booked this offset to it. So it's in in the pre-working capital. Sorry, it's out in the pre-working capital and back in in the working capital section. But from a net income perspective, we would recover that $4.7 million of tax expense, which, by the way, if for some reason we withdrew our tax position, we would also recover, but then we would be
Brent Stillman
know out to cash okay fun stuff um i guess the other one is um call your senator tell them to pass the bill i suspect this will get flushed out maybe a bit more in the 10k and the end market disaggregation will be interesting to see that but i mean you i think about this you have a rather large land survey operation and it seems there are some rather large land consuming projects out there and manufacturing industrial development data centers how much are these moving the needle in the building infrastructure segment today and as you think about this kind of low to mid teens organic growth rate not sure exactly follow the question was it is it how is surveying affecting it or how are large land projects impacting the concentration of revenue Well, I think the topic du jour out there is there's a lot happening in supply chain coming back in the United States. Lots happening in manufacturing, plenty happening in data centers. I'd just be curious how that's impacting the business.
Bruce
So the CHIPS Act, I think, you know, we're kind of talking now about the impact of sort of the reclamation of manufacturing and stimulus. We don't do a lot of manufacturing facility engineering. But what happens is it's a stone in the pond and it has a ripple. So when there is demand for resources in this market, and let's say a larger firm addresses that, it limits their ability to satisfy all demand of their existing portfolio. So things spill out and come downstream.
Bowman
directly, I would say, Gary, you can add to the sort of the large land. So where we're seeing it is the utility projects that these mammoth pieces of land, say for solar farms or large transmission lines. So that's driving it. And our data center work is tremendously robust in an area of tremendous growth. So in the power and utilities and data center for the markets that we're serving, we are really seeing that being a driver to geospatial in particular and to the entire business.
Brent Stillman
Very helpful. Thanks, guys. Thank you. Thank you, Brett.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. Mr. Bowman, I turn the call back over to you.
Bowman
James Rattling Leafs. Thank you operator again just want to thank everybody for participating in the call this morning. James Rattling Leafs. And I want to thank again thank all our staff for all the great work we do hard work and look forward to talking to everybody again in May take care.
Operator
This concludes today's conference school, you may now disconnect.
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