London Stock Exchange Group plc

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to LSEG's third quarter update. I'm here with David and Anna. Anna will make some brief opening remarks on our Q3 performance, and then we'll open up to questions on the conference call line. And with that, let me hand over to Anna.

Thanks, Peregrine. Good morning. It's been another good quarter. We're delivering strong, broad-based growth, and we're transforming the business. As I go through the numbers, I'll focus as usual on constant currency growth. Total income grew 8%, continuing the trend that we've seen in the first half, with good contribution from all three divisions. This puts us in good position to deliver growth towards the upper end of the 6% to 8% guidance range, and we remain confident of delivering on all of our other 2023 guidance as well. Datron Analytics was up 7.2% as stronger sales, better retention and this year's higher price increase all continue to drive growth. All of our Datron Analytics businesses made a positive contribution to this growth. Trading and banking revenues were up 2.2% with a similar level of organic growth to the first half. We continue to improve the functionality of our trading and banking products, with over 200 updates to Workspace so far this year. Enterprise data grew 9%, supported by continuing strong growth for real-time data, particularly TIC history and cloud-based services. The breadth and quality of our data remains a key differentiator for PRS, which also grew strongly. Headline growth appears slightly slower, but this is all due to the one-off benefit from the beta contract in Q2 and the annualisation of the Maystreet acquisition. Underlying growth remains strong and consistent. Investment solutions grew 10%. Growth accelerated as our asset-based revenues benefited from inflows and more favourable market levels, while strong demand for our flagship equity products helped to drive double-digit growth in subscription revenues. Our wealth business grew 3%, where we're seeing good demand for our data feeds, slightly offset by a slower period for our workflow business. And we're continuing to drive excellent momentum in our customer and third-party risk business, where revenues grew 16%, with our cloud-based offering making it easier for customers to access our services and integrate them into their workflow. Turning to ASV growth, which we've increased over 400 basis points since the Refinitiv acquisition. The third quarter saw a reversal of the timing differences I spoke about at the half year, with ASV growth ending the quarter at 7.1%. You remember at the half year we talked about ASV growth increasingly being driven by new sales as opposed to higher retention, which, as I said at the time, is a good thing. But as we track the impact of this month on month, we see that the metric is now fluctuating more than it's done historically. So while it remains indicative of future growth, it won't perfectly align from quarter to quarter. In the short term, we expect ASV to soften again around the turn of the year, mainly reflecting the impact of Credit Suisse that we called out at the first half. That said, consensus expectations for data and analytics next year reflect this already. Meanwhile, we're continuing to make great progress with Microsoft, though we don't expect to see a benefit to revenue or ASV until 2025. Our joint global teams are building product as we speak, and we're gaining insight from some of our largest customers as we work closely with them through our design partner programme. Growth in capital markets division accelerated to 6.2%, a nice step up from the half year, and this was largely driven by TradeWeb. Revenues in our equity business were down 9%, reflecting continued weakness in both primary and secondary markets. In FX, the buy-side activity that was weaker, as we saw in the first half, persisted into Q3, weighing on the performance of FX All. Overall FX revenues were down a little over 3%. Growth at TradeWeb accelerated in the quarter, with strong performance across rates, credit and money markets. Activity improved in Q3 as expectations around interest rates began to settle. And TradeWeb continues to take market share, supported by the healthy adoption of new products and services. Share in investment grade and high yield credit hit record highs in the third quarter. Post-trade revenues grew 17% or 9% on an organic basis. Headline growth in OTC derivatives was just over 30%, as we benefit from the recent acquisitions of Quantile and Acadia. These businesses form part of the post-trade solutions offering that we're building, and we're excited to share more with you on that at our upcoming investor event. On an organic basis, OTC derivatives grew 7%, where elevated swap clear volumes are continuing to drive good growth. This activity also supported net treasury income, which was up 9%. As market volatility has begun to normalize, we've seen cash collateral fall from the recent high levels. Cash balances currently stand around 110 billion euros, 25% down from the end of last year. Let's turn briefly to capital allocation and financing. In September, we completed the directed purchase of 9.5 million shares from the Blackstone-led consortium, taking total buybacks since August last year to £1.5 billion. Assuming full conversion of the options written, the consortium's shareholding now stands at around 11%, down from around 34% at the start of the year. In September, we made a successful return to the bond markets, raising €1.4 billion to repay the remaining term loan from the Refinitiv acquisition in 2021. We'll be continuing with refinancing activity in the months ahead. So to sum up, we've delivered another quarter of 8% growth. In fact, organic growth has actually picked up a bit from the 6.5% in H1 to 7% in Q3. We're on course to achieve total income growth towards the upper end of our 6% to 8% guidance. And we're confident in delivering on all of our other targets. As we invest in the long-term growth of the business, we're excited about the opportunities ahead, and we're looking forward to discussing these with you in more detail at our upcoming investor event in November. And with that, I'll pass back to Peregrine for questions.

Thanks, Anna. Judith, please, would you open the line to questions? Thank you.

Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, if you'd like to ask a question, please signal by pressing star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation turn will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star two to exit the question queue. We'll take our first question from Michael Werner of UBS.

Thank you very much, Ana, for the comments. Just two questions from me, please. First on pricing. As we think about pricing going into 2024, inflation remains elevated. I believe, you know, from what I've heard in commentary from management in the past, you guys feel quite emboldened about the product that you guys are delivering, the investments that you're making. So just thinking about how we should think about pricing as we go into 24. And ultimately, you know, are these discussions happening now? Is this something that, you know, tends to get wrapped up in December? Just also would like to know the timing there. And then second, I think the last time you guys reported results, there were some questions from some of your peers about flowing sales cycle and weakening pipelines. You guys made it very clear that that was not the case. You were not seeing that at all. I just wanted to confirm that was still the case, that you are not seeing any slowdown there. Thank you.

Thanks, Michael. So with respect to the first question on pricing, as we've said before, we track customer satisfaction very closely. And as we improve our products and the customer experience, that gives us confidence to continue to take price. So the way I think about pricing in 2024 is it will be likely at a similar level than we've seen in 2023. And we're working our way through the pricing process as normal at the moment. And on your second question, we track, as we shared at the half year, a good number of sales metrics. And I would say where we sit at the end of Q3, they're all looking in really good shape. Net sales was exactly where we expected it to be versus our plan. Our sales cycle metric continued robust, as did our deal size, win rate, all of the things that we track. So feeling good at the end of the quarter. The only area, as I've mentioned, that will impact ASV looking a little bit forward is Credit Suisse. And I've called that one out before.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. The next question comes from Herbert Lim of Bank of America.

Hi, good morning. It's Herbert Lim from Bank of America. Just a couple of questions. Firstly, on TradeWeb, you've had a good quarter for TradeWeb driven by strong growth there because of the rates uncertainty. How do you think about growth there when rates start to stabilize? Do you expect a slowdown when this happens in trade web? That's the first question. And second question is on the FCA wholesale market study. Just wondering what your thoughts are on it, given the concerns and report around competition and concentration risk, particularly in data and indices. Thank you.

Sure. Thanks, Hubert. So on your first question with respect to TradeWeb, yeah, they did have a very good quarter. We're really pleased with how they're doing. ongoing discussions in a number of areas as our partnership continues to grow. I don't want to speculate on what the forward looks like in terms of the interest rate environment, and I would say Billy and Sarah and the team there are a better place to give any indication on how they might be thinking about that. But what I would point out is just the continuing innovation and the continuing growth in their market share across a number of different products. We saw, and Anna just touched on this, the high market share levels in the credit product area, and that's just an example of how they continue to improve and drive innovation across their product suite, which we're very pleased with. Your second question on the wholesale market study with the FCA, as you would have seen, I think beginning of September, they did not make a referral to the CMA. And so they're still working through their analysis. And I think we'll hear from them in the spring of next year. And we'll continue to monitor that. But at this point, really nothing further to say. And We always work closely with the FCA. We consult in all their consultations and participate, and they're trying to be helpful as possible. But we don't anticipate anything dramatic coming out of this. But we'll see in the spring.

Great. Thank you. Thank you.

The next question comes from Johannes Thormann of HSBC.

Good morning, everybody. I'm so happy to see some questions on my side as well. First of all, you had a very strong performance in your post-trade business this quarter. And give you what has, after what was in the previous, what has driven the strength in the OTC derivatives and also looking at lackluster markets on the cash side, what has been driving the securities and reporting as you don't break down the single component anymore. And secondly, on the collateral balances, the cash balances you hold, is this a new level we should factor into our model, or do you think this is just the seasonal slowdown? What's your take on that one? And last but not least, if you could comment on the conversion of the limited voting shares recently. Thank you.

Should I do the first three? Sure.

And I'm sorry, I didn't catch the last question.

The conversion of the limited voting shares we've seen where what has triggered this and why did you do this?

So just to work through those questions. The first one around what's driven the performance in OTC derivatives. I mean, two things. Firstly, we've seen the benefit of the Quantile and Acadia acquisitions. and that has helped drive overall growth. But actually, just on the core business, the organic growth was still very solid at 7.3%, and that's been driven by the levels of market volatility that we've seen in the market. So, strong performance there. In terms of securities and reporting, What you're seeing there is strength in repo clear as the majority of that growth. We also get a slight benefit from the Euronet's dirty termination fee, but that's just a handful of million. And then finally, with respect to cash collateral, We've seen, I've been saying for some time now that the levels have been very elevated and I've been saying that they, you know, therefore should come down as we see a reduction in the level of volatility in the market. And I think that's what we're seeing. We're seeing a bit of a reversion to more normal levels as the level of interest rate volatility reduces. I think the secondary thing we're seeing, and this is very much a minor impact is that as the levels of volatility reduce, we see banks better managing their collateral and therefore a bit of a shift to non-cash collateral away from cash.

I just pick up on the limited voting shares. Yeah, you're right, Johannes. The Blackstone Consortium have taken their kind of ordinary shares, if you like, up to, I think, 9.5%. They did a bit of that before when they sold earlier in the year. And I think that's just part of their ongoing process. Nothing to be read into that either way.

There's nothing conversion premium or anything else to be paid for.

Nothing at all. It's a straight conversion.

Okay.

Thanks, Johannes.

The next question comes from Andrew Coombs of Citi.

Good morning. If I could just ask about data and analytics revenue trajectory, please. You've printed a 7.1% ASB today. I appreciate your commentary around the credit suites contract dropping out but at the same time looking into next year it looks like you could have an fx tailwind of about a percentage point and so perhaps you could just comment on consensus expectations of six percent revenue growth in data analytics next year compared to that healthier asb metric today and some of those other moving parts i just said thank you for

Sure. So you're absolutely right, data and analytics is growing a little over 7%, and our ASV metric at the end of Q3 is 7.1. Credit Suisse, we've called out before, but just to remind you of that, will have an impact on revenue, and that will be less than 1% of data and analytics revenue. And that revenue impact for Credit Suisse will show up in 2024 and 2025. Albeit, just to manage your expectations, the ASV impact is likely to impact us earlier than that. Not quite sure when, but sometime around the turn of the year, we should start to see that. So with respect to consensus expectations, look, consensus doesn't actually quite reflect the most current effects. But if you work all of that through, consensus is largely in the right place looking forward for data analytics. So we should see this sort of level of sustained performance adjusting for credit suites.

Thank you. The next question comes from Carl Voigt of KBW.

Hi, good morning. Two questions for me. So the first, you mentioned cloud-based services helping to drive growth in both the enterprise data and customer and third-party risk businesses. Just wondering if you could remind us as a greater percentage of your new sales transitions towards cloud, do you realize incremental revenues or margin pickups as those transition? Or is the primary benefit here just a better distribution and sales potential of being in the cloud? That's the first question. Second question, you know, you've done a number of smaller acquisitions over the past year or two. I call that Quantile, Acadia, and others. Just wondering if you could help us understand how those acquisitions are growing in aggregate. So are those acquisitions in aggregate grow faster organically than the company as a whole, or maybe anything to help kind of frame that?

Thank you. Thanks, Kyle. So I think probably the best way to think about the shift of some of our services to the cloud is that it pretty fundamentally changes how they are used by our customers. And so if we make, for example, when we've made some of our real-time data available in the cloud, that has in many ways changed the customer base because in the past, you had to have our hardware, our servers, on your trading floor to access our real-time data. Now we make it available through cloud distribution, and it's accessible to different kinds of customers, corporates, for example, who might not even have a trading floor but want to track a complex supply chain or something along those lines. Similarly, in our customer and third-party risk business, the cloud availability has just made our workflows easier to embed in our customers' daily activity. So we've seen the usage go up dramatically in a number of different areas. We don't have a one-to-one correlation in terms of incremental revenue for incremental usage, but it is banded and it does go up over time. So we see the benefits of that. If Anna wants to comment on the cost ramifications of that, feel free, but I don't think there's much more to the shift to the cloud beyond that. You want to touch on the acquisitions?

Yeah, sure. So with respect to the acquisitions, they're all relatively small, early stage acquisitions that are, yes, fast growth. But the way I look at them is not just around the growth of the acquired company in isolation. Actually, they're all very additive to the portfolio as a whole. So to give you an example, what TORA gives us is an order and execution management capability within our workflow, within workspace. So that increases the whole value of the offering rather than should be looked at as growth in isolation. And I would say exactly the same is true, for example, with respect to May Street, where, again, we're rounding out our real-time offering and increasing our capabilities. So we're very pleased with them.

Very helpful. Thank you.

Thanks, Kyle.

Thank you. The next question comes from Ben Berthurst of RBC. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Two from me, if I may. Firstly, could you confirm what the group income growth for the nine months was ex-Acadia? Presumably, it's somewhere between the 8% constant currency growth and the 6.7% organic. But I just wondered if you could provide the specific number for the nine months. given that's the basis you're guiding on for the full year. And then secondly, you mentioned in the release that you're on track to launch new products with Microsoft in H224. I know it might be early, but I wondered if you could just say yet what those products are likely to be. Thank you. You want to do the first one?

Yeah, sure. I don't have the exact number off the top of my head. I'm sure the IR team can help you with that. Arcadia is not material in the overall size of the group, so I would be pointing you to looking at the overall organic growth, and you can see also the... constant currency growth as a whole, you know, and that is giving it to us.

Do you want to? I think it would be probably in the order of 7.5% would be my, you know, which is in the upper half of the range of 6 to 8. So it would be very close, 7.5% would be my expectation.

And then, Ben, on your second question around Microsoft product, very pleased with the progress we're making in the broader partnership. And we're very much on track for the delivery in the second half of 24, which is the timeframe that we indicated back in December when we announced the partnership, you should expect to see a product in the different areas that we have talked about, i.e., the embedding of our data and analytics and workflow in the Microsoft Teams and productivity suite. The usage of our data and the movement of our data into the Microsoft Azure environment and the usage of Fabric, which will make a much more attractive integrated environment for the usage of our data. And then the analytics as a service and modeling as a service. So the different product areas that we have talked about, very consistent, good progress being made, and we look forward to rolling that out. Thank you. Thank you, Ben.

Our next question comes from Benjamin Goy of Deutsche Bank.

Yes, hi, good morning. Two questions, please, from my side. So first, on FX, Still down on an organic basis. I know it wasn't an ideal quarter, but I think we are not seeing the catch up yet versus peers. So just wondering where we're standing on the dealer to client initiative and whether that should help to drive some growth momentum there. And then secondly, I might have missed it, training and banking solutions, the organic growth we saw in the third quarter, is that all pricing driven? also some volume contract effect.

Thank you. I'll touch on the first and then... Yeah, sure. So just, and Anna touched on this in her remarks, but with respect to the FX business, a significant part of our business relates to the buy side, asset managers, et cetera, where it's frankly, in normal times, a very strong part of the franchise. And there is some correlation there in terms of the level of volumes in the equity space, where on a global basis we've seen relatively subdued volumes. And I think we've seen this at our peers or our competitors as well. And so that is part of the driver. I think you asked about equity. The rollout of our new initiative, I assume you're referring to our new platform in terms of FX. That's actually going very well. We have, I expect, a November launch of our non-deliverable forward platform, which has generated a lot of anticipation and excitement in the market. There's a lot of client testing ongoing, and we look forward to that arrival in November.

And with respect to trading and banking, yes, we do see the benefit of price flowing through there, but we're also seeing improved net sales.

Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from Ottob Gilbert of BNP Paribas.

Good morning, it's Arnaj Abla here. A couple of questions for me, please. Firstly, could you give us a quick update on the rollout of workspace and specifically when we're going to see that happen across the south side and banks? Second, ESG, I think you talked about that being an area of potential upside in data. We're seeing a bit of a slowdown in growth here amongst your peers. I'm just wondering whether an initiative is hitting some roadblocks. Thanks.

So the rollout of Workspace continues to go very well. At the half year, we talked about, I believe, the fact that we were over 50% and that we were looking forward to completing substantially all of that by the end of next year. I think we also referred to the fact that we would be end-of-lifing ICON in 2025. So that is still the plan, and everything is moving along there as we continue to work with our customers on the migration from ICON to Workspace for a number of those customers. And then on ESG, and this is, again, a similar story in terms of the consistency, where we have talked about the fact that we have ESG capabilities embedded in a number of different parts of our business. It's an area where we continue to invest. It's an area where we continue to see customer interest. And just I'll put one statistic out there. When we have a industry-leading ESG corporate data set, which came with the acquisition of Refinitiv. When we acquired it, it had metrics going back 17 years or so for 450 metrics per company in about 10,000 companies. We now have that up to about 15,000 companies. My point just being that we continue to invest in the area and we continue, probably more importantly, to see the customer interest in those areas. And we have it embedded in a lot of different products across the organization, including flood risk type metrics in our mortgage analytics. So, We have noted the environment, but there continues to be an interest in these kinds of products. And I expect to see that this does feel like more of a fundamental shift from an investor perspective as opposed to a short-term cyclical change.

And does that conclude your questions? Our next question comes from Enrico Bolzoni of JP Morgan.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Just so one question, one clarification. On the clarification, I think, Anna, you were mentioning that for next year in terms of pricing increase, you expect, I didn't understand if you meant that you expect similar prices to 2023 or actually you expect a similar price increase in terms of inflation impact? in 2024 compared to the increase in 2023. And then my second question, I was wondering whether you have any visibility in terms of your market share in the industry, if you see that you're winning market share, I'm referring specifically to data analytics, and if so, is there any specific area within data analytics where you see that you are growing very strongly, not just in absolute terms, but also relative to some of your peers? Thanks.

Yes. So in terms of price increase, maybe to just make sure that it's clear, in 2023, we achieved broadly a slightly over 3% price yield, which was higher than historic price yields taken by Refinitiv over multiple previous years. What I'm saying around 2024 is I think we're seeing the levels of customer engagement and satisfaction that would see a similar level of price yield in 2024 as we saw in 2023.

And then on your market share question. And maybe the simplest, I'm not going to go product by product, maybe the simplest way to think about this is the growth rate of each of the businesses. And when we spoke about the growth rate of the sector at our Capital Markets Day in summer of 21, we referred to a 4% to 6% growth rate for businesses. sector for the industry. It's probably up a little bit on that since then, purely based on inflation. But if you look across our businesses and where we've got businesses growing at 9% or 10% or 15% or 16%, I think it's fair to think about those as areas where we are growing market share. So hopefully that helps.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ian White of Autonomous Research. Please go ahead.

Hi, morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Two from my side, please. First of all, on pricing, I wanted to Just ask about the thinking regarding Swapclear, please. I think I'm right in saying that the membership fees there basically are unchanged now, I think, for four or five years. They haven't even been inflation adjusted. So is there something that might be reviewed there over the next 12 months or so, obviously given the trends we've seen in many other businesses, basically, in this sector? And just secondly on data and analytics, just noting the commentary in the release today around some of the challenges on the workflow side in the wealth segment. Can you just set out for us, please, what's kind of distinct about maybe the problems or challenges you're seeing in that market that means we shouldn't extrapolate that to maybe challenges with workspace in other parts of the business, please. Kind of what's different, I guess, about those challenges in wealth. That would be interesting.

Thank you. Sure. So on your first question on Swapclear pricing, so there are, and this has been in place since the early days of Swapclear, there tends to be a a multi-year contractual arrangement with a consortium of banks that have been involved with Swapclear really since the early days, going back 15 years or so. And that is renegotiated every few years. And so there's no pricing change to that business year over year. That tends to be renegotiated every several years. Again, we feel very good about that business, feel very good about both the partnership with those member institutions, with our customers. And you can see in the results of that business, it's performing very, very well. And your question on wealth, I wouldn't overstate this. We have talked in the past about the fact that our— desktop offering for wealth has been better received in Asia and has had some challenges in the North American market. And so the comments Anna was making earlier, I think, are just very consistent with that. But no broader read across in terms of the receptivity to the workspace offering in other segments. Workspace continues to roll out very well. We have the customer satisfaction scores that we track. Those are continuing to go up. We continue to improve the product. I think we've put out close to 200 updates in the first half of this year, and so it's getting better and better, and our customers are seeing that and appreciating that.

Helpful. Thank you.

Thank you. The next question comes from Russell Quelch of Redburn Atlantic.

Hi, thanks for having me on. I've got a few questions. My line did cut out in the middle, so if any of these are repeat, please just say. Firstly, following on from Andrew's initial question regarding ASV, just wanted to get your thoughts on the resilience of the ASV growth in data analytics going into 2024 and potentially even 2025. Given the improvement in retention will naturally cap out and ASV growth will become more reliant on new sales growth. Do you think you'll have the product in the market in 2024 to support ASV growth above 7%? That's the first question. Second question would be, could you remind us of the timing of Anna's departure and in terms of the incoming CFO? Will the incoming CFO be given free rein to reassess spending priorities when they join, even if a new three-year strategy has been communicated at the upcoming investor day? And if I can squeeze one more, and in terms of M&A, obviously, David, you spoke about mid-sized Bolton M&A deals potentially back in Q1. You increased your leverage target ratio in Q2. Yet you really haven't executed a material M&A in 2023. So is this something we should still be expecting at the back end of this year? And potentially, how quickly would you expect any M&A to be accreted to EPS, please? Thank you.

Sure. And you want to take the first one? I'll do the other two.

Yeah. Let me touch on ASV, but really I think your question is around revenue outlook. So let me touch on ASV first. Firstly, what you're hearing from me is this is a more volatile measure than it was. And it's more volatile because of the nature of the more new sales that we have, it just moves that point in time measure around. little bit month on month so to bear that in mind second thought we've been clear about the impact of Credit Suisse which will impact ASV and revenue ASV impact will be around sometime towards the end of this year, early next year. The revenue impact will be felt over 2024 and 2025. It will be less than one point of DNA growth. If you strip that all to one side for a minute, I would say we're very happy with the underlying consistency of revenue growth that we should see in DNA and feel we have a good pipeline of activity to support that, including the revenue synergies that we benefit from as a result of the Refinitiv acquisition. So, as I said earlier, I feel good about where consensus is for DNA at the moment.

And on your next two questions, first of all, with respect to Anna, we are fortunate to have Anna with us through May of next year. find that necessary. I would say that our search process is going very well, excellent candidates, an excellent process, so we will update the market in due course on that. And then to your specific question as to whether a new CFO would come in and reassess spending priorities, So the numbers that we have, the planning, the budget, these are about our whole executive team. These are not just about Anna. So I wouldn't expect with any change in our CFO that you see any meaningful change in our strategy, in our numbers, in our planning, or to use your phrase, in our spending priorities. And then on the last question on M&A, So I believe the comments you were referring to, I actually probably made before we had closed on Acadia. We have closed on Acadia in the first half of this year. An excellent acquisition, which plays very well into our post-trade solution strategy, which we can talk more about at our capital markets event in a few weeks. I think no broader change in terms of our approach with respect to M&A or, frankly, with respect to capital allocation more broadly. Yes, we did take up the leverage range slightly. That was really more of a recognition of where we were and a recognition by the rating agencies of the diversification and robustness of our business model. No shift in terms of our capital allocation policy, no shift in terms of our intentions. And then specifically with respect to M&A, you should expect us to continue evaluating opportunities and to be thoughtful about opportunities that we see out there. We'll do modest size M&A if it makes strategic and financial sense. Great. Thanks so much. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Tom Moles of Jefferies.

Hi, good morning. My line also cut out, so apologies if I'm up again. But on pricing, you've spoken on the call about the number of product enhancements you continue to roll out. And I guess there's the broader point about the considerable pricing, discounts, competitors that you guys have consistently flagged across their Affinity platform. So I'm just trying to square that against the comment about pushing through a similar level of pricing from the 1st of January, 2023. 3% isn't nothing, and it's more than you've been able to do in the past, but it feels like you need to be able to do a bit more than that to pull back pricing discount versus competitors. So how should we think about that? Are you trying to be tactical in the way that you stagger the price increases to align with when Microsoft capabilities are embedded? Or are you getting more pushback from customers on price increases? And then the second question is on consensus expectations on interest costs.

over the next year or two um do those look reasonable to you at this point or do you see some upside risk as you finance instruments thanks very much sure so so maybe our philosophy on pricing we build medium-term partnerships with our customers that is that is the deep power of our business and the embeddedness of our products And in that context, you'll always see us take price following the improvements and the incremental value that our customers are seeing. And so what you've seen us do is after a decade of, call it 2% price increases, Last year, in the context of significant improvements in our existing product suite and our customer services, we took a higher level of price. And you'll see us do that again in 2024. Now, your question about closing the gap, the biggest gap to the competitive set is in Workspace. And that is an area that as we roll out Microsoft products that will be a material enhancement, you'll see us price them at a different level in a different way. So what we're talking about is the annual price increase on our existing product set. being at the same level as we were at last year, reflecting the improvements we're making in that product set. But as we roll out new and better products, it will be priced differentially, reflecting the value that it creates for the customers. And then with respect to interest costs, I guess what I would say here is As I look at the two bonds that are maturing next year, so I think there's $500 million in April and €500 million in September. If you were to price those bonds on a light for light basis today, interest rates, those two are both sub 1%. It's kind of 4% higher. So I would think about that as you look at the future interest costs.

And maybe just One more point on your first question with respect to pricing. I wouldn't get overly focused on or hung up on the 3% number. That is the yield across the portfolio. The price rise that Anna was referring to that is roughly similar to the price rise that we saw in 2023, meaningfully higher than that. And so you just got to keep in mind there is a distinction between the overall yield on the pricing across the portfolio, where we have a number of customers with different kinds of arrangements, multi-year arrangements, et cetera, compared to the headline price rise.

Thanks very much, Based. That's very helpful.

Yep. Thank you.

Thank you. We are no further questions from the conference lines. I will now hand over to the presentation back to Peregrine Revere, Group Head of Investor Relations.

Thanks very much. Thanks, everyone, for joining the call. And we look forward to catching up with you in four weeks time.