Pan African Resources PLC

Good morning to all of you and a warm welcome to our 2023. Mining for a future is not just an empty mantra. It's the foundation we build our business on. We keep our eyes firmly fixed on the horizon and it's filled with opportunity. Let's take a look. Mining is a complex endeavor and never without challenges. And this year was no exception. Nevertheless, it still saw a robust financial performance from the group, with exciting near-term projects and opportunities looming. Construction has begun at Mintels, with commissioning scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2024. This project will significantly increase group production, adding about 25% or 50,000 ounces per year to Pan African's production over the next 20 years or more. while contributing to the environmental rehabilitation of the site. Evanda 8 shaft remains one of the lowest cost underground operations in Southern Africa, and the development of levels 24, 25 and 26 will ensure sustainable production from this operation well into the future. The implementation of continuous operations at Barberton Mines over the last half year has resulted in an increase in production, with further optimization expected into the future. Finally, Pan African continues to lead the way in terms of rapidly expanding our renewable energy footprint and reducing our dependency on the South African grid, a strategy we believe will greatly benefit all of our stakeholders in the coming years. and of course these highlights are all part of our vision of a smarter more agile and future focused approach to mining pan african resources mining for a future good morning to all of you and a warm welcome to our 2023 financial year-end results presentation thank you very much for taking time out of your schedules to join us today

Now, we always knew that the last year would not be easy, having produced some record results in 2022. In addition to the constraints faced at our Barberton Underground, grades normalised at our Evander H shaft operation, also impacting production. We further had to contend with electricity supply issues and some quite severe cost inflation, specifically on inputs such as reagents and ESCOM tariffs. With war breaking out in the Sudan, we had to evacuate our expat staff and safeguard our assets. It would be fair to say that all of these challenges, and of course also the fatal accident we suffered at Evanda in March of this year, has kept our management team very busy and engaged. Pan-African's strategy is to position ourselves as a safe and sustainable, high-margin, long-life gold producer. 2023 presented some difficulties, but it also again demonstrated Pan-African's resilience, our ability to adapt, reconfigure our business, to move forward on a strong footing and grow in a responsible and value-accretive manner. I'm very excited about the year ahead and look forward to sharing some thoughts on our prospects in the following slides. We will keep the presentation fairly brief with an opportunity for questions afterwards. Joining me in presenting today will be Dion Lowe, our Financial Director. You are welcome to refer to our SENs, RNs announcements and to the supplementary information available on the Pan African website. should you require detail not dealt with in today's presentation. Please note the disclaimers and info on forward-looking statements on slides two and three. On slide four, an overview of the presentation. We will start with Pan African's health and safety performance and then provide an overview of the group and of our operating environment. some key features from the year past and detail on asset performance, as well as our cost and capital outlook. We will then spend a couple of minutes on ESG before allowing Dionne the opportunity to highlight elements of the group's financial performance for FOI 2023. The presentation will then conclude with an update on our Sudanese exploration venture and by detailing key focus areas for the next 12 months. If we then proceed to slide number six, our safety performance and our journey to zero harm. A key standout is obviously the fatality at Evander during the year, made even more difficult by the fact that the operation achieved 1 million fatality free shifts just before the accident. We continue to focus on safety initiatives and interventions and on maintaining an industry leading record. we can also celebrate a number of safety milestones achieved during the past year. In addition to safety, wellness of our staff is enjoying a lot of attention, specifically a focus on reducing the impact of the so-called lifestyle diseases. Slide number eight, a high level representation of our unique portfolio of surface remining and underground assets. The addition of mintails means that we now have three large mining complexes in South Africa. Surface operations reduce unit costs and turn legacy liabilities into profits. Whilst the underground provides long life of mines, solid returns on investment as a result of a large sunk capital base and also attractive optionality, which we are bringing to account in a circumspect manner, as demonstrated by our progress on the Evanda Underground. If there's one takeaway from this slide, it is that we are growing profitable production very materially in the years ahead. We expect to be well north of 200,000 ounces of annual production in 2025 with Mintels coming online and also then with the Evanda Underground expansion at the same time. Importantly, all of this growth is funded either with banking facilities or with cash generated from operations. Slide nine, the coming two years will also see us moving towards an even more balanced portfolio of low cost and stable surface remining and high grade long life underground assets. This acid mix should also reduce our group oil and sustaining cost profile, with both Elekulu and Mintails producing at an oil and sustaining cost of approximately $1,000 per ounce. Slide 11, our operating environment. We continuously seek ways of making our business less susceptible to adverse external impacts in South Africa. Some matters to highlight in terms of our operating environment over the last year include the following. We are reducing our reliance on ESCOM, the South African Electricity Utility. Some more information on this in the next slide. Pan-African's assets have long lives with extended mining rights. The Evander Complex's rights are valid until 2038 and those at Barberton until 2051. The Mintail's new order mining right is currently valid until 2029. We will obviously seek extension in due course. In terms of stakeholder interaction, we invest heavily in our social license to operate. Pan-African mines make a meaningful positive impact in the areas where we operate. We have one year remaining on our Barberton Wage Agreement, And we are also very pleased to report today that the underground contract at Evanda recently entered into a three-year wage agreement with their union, which will provide stability as we grow production from that asset. Finally, from a security perspective, our efforts to safeguard our people and operations and minimize the impact of illegal mining and criminality are ongoing. In the last year, we have definitely seen an improvement in terms of the illegal mining situation at Barberton, which is encouraging. To conclude on this slide, Pan African's track record demonstrates that we can operate and grow in South Africa and do so very successfully. To elaborate further on our renewable energy roadmap on slide number 12, with construction having commenced at our Barberton solar facility, we are set to almost double our behind the meter renewable energy footprint in the next year. We further anticipate first power from our 40 megawatt sturdy energy power purchase agreement in early 2025. You can also expect other announcements on renewables from Pan African in the year ahead. Hopefully we can add even more capacity and also possibly diversify into wind energy. The first 10 megawatt solar plant at Evander is already reducing group oil and sustaining cost by more than $10 an ounce, with this number obviously increasing in coming years as ESCOM tariffs continue to escalate. If we then proceed to key production cost and financial features from the last year on slide 14. From a production perspective, our surface assets performed in line with expectations, and we will demonstrate the progress with Varbiton's underground operations in the next slides. In terms of costs, all in sustaining costs came in line with revised guidance, with US dollar costs increasing by only some 3.3%, despite higher US and South African inflation. Given the production headwinds, the group delivered a very resilient financial performance, with a strong Rand gold price compensating for lower underground gold production. Importantly, we are maintaining what we believe is a very attractive dividend to shareholders, despite the large capital tickets for Mintails and for the Evanda underground expansion. As you may know, in terms of upfront capital investment, Mintails is the largest single capital project we have ever undertaken. We've managed to fund all of this Mintails development capital without any call on shareholders, and we ended the financial year with very manageable net debt. If we then move on to more detail on the performance per operation, starting with Elekulu on slide 16, this really is a flagship asset for the group. Ten years of production remaining, producing at approximately $1,000 per ounce. Despite low recoveries, production was stable, and looking forward, we expect another year of more than 50,000 ounces of production and clearly excellent cash flow generation in the current gold price environment. As we have said before, Elukulu is testament that large mining projects can be successfully constructed in South Africa on budget and on schedule. And we are carrying all of the learnings on building and operating Elukulu over to Mintails as we ramp up activities there. Slide 17, the BTRP. Another sterling performance from our first gold tailings retreatment plant commissioned in 2013. And the lowest cost producer in the group, The BTRP management team also deserves special mention. By working on elution efficiencies and optimizing their process, they managed to reduce total costs despite inflation in cyanide and other reagents. In the coming years, we will substitute the BTRP's feed with run-of-mine material from Royal Sheba and Western Cross. lower grade but bulk ore bodies with both having significant potential to further increase resources and reserves. The latest addition to our tailings retreatment portfolio on slide 18, large scale construction at Mintails is now underway. Despite almost two years having lapsed from when we completed the bankable study and some serious inflation recently, our team believe they can still deliver this project for upfront capital of some 2.5 billion Rand or $135 million. Payback on this investment should be under four years, with a project life of more than 20 years when we include the Soweto resources. Now, South Africa has its issues, but where else can one acquire gold reserves, 2 million ounces on surface for less than $2 per ounce? On slide 19, a picture of construction progress on the site with commissions scheduled for December 2024. And you can see that we are nicely on track in terms of project execution timelines. By 20, there is no doubting the benefit of Pan-African developing materials for all legitimate stakeholders. We currently have 200 contractors on site, more than 50% of them from local Mokale communities. Now this number is set to increase to more than 500 staff on site in the months ahead, with even more locals benefiting. When steady state production is achieved, the operation will directly employ almost 400 permanent staff. On slide 21, over the life of Mintails, it will also dramatically improve the environmental and water situation on site, a win-win for all involved. We calculate that the final closure liability will be less than 40% of what was an unfunded liability of more than $20 million when Pan African became involved. To then conclude on our surface assets on slide 22, we are building a world-class tailings retreatment business in the next two years with further scope to grow also. I don't believe the market is currently giving us much credit for Mintel's. But this should change as the project becomes closer to commissioning in 2024. By 2023, the Evanda Underground team is delivered in line with expectations, despite electricity constraints and difficult mining conditions, producing more than 33,000 ounces for the year at an all-in sustaining cost of just over $1,050 per ounce. We are on track with our capital programs at Evander and some highlights from the 12 months include progress with our new underground refrigeration infrastructure with phase two due for commissioning in December of this year. A ramp up in tons from underground by more than 20% in the last year, despite challenging pillar mining conditions. completion of the dewatering of the Egole decline to 19 level with vamping activities set to commence in the coming months on the upper levels of this project. And finally, good progress with the development of our sub-vertical wasting shaft with this project scheduled for completion in quarter one of 2024. I really believe that this shaft with a wasting capacity of 40,000 tons per month will be a game changer for Evander. No more cumbersome conveyors, lower costs with a higher mine core factor. If we then proceed to slide 24, dealing with Fairview at Barberton. Clearly, given the decline in production from Barberton Underground in the last year, a key element of this results presentation is demonstrating progress with our initiatives to increase future production. Even though continuous operations took a bit longer to implement, I believe we still restructured in record time, to be fair. Tons at Fairview are up by almost 8% in the last month, coal production also. Other important initiatives at Fairview is opening up near surface resources for mining and infrastructure improvements we are implementing. Most importantly, the chairlift next to 3D climb. The other critical component at Fairview is increasing drilling on slide 25. reducing production volatility in the years to come. We move on to the smaller underground operations at Barberton on slide 26. At Sheba, continuous operations definitely having an impact, with production tons up almost 40% in the last month. Consort, it took us a bit longer to get the contractor going, but they are now firmly established and our mine plan reconfigured. The headcount has been reduced by more than 30% at this operation and in the last months, tons and gold produced are up. We expect gold production of some 25 kilograms in September, returning consort to a cash flow positive position. Mining of the MMR and the PC ore bodies will give this operation a life of many more years. By 29, the section dealing with oil and sustaining costs, more than 80% of our portfolio produced at an oil and sustaining cost of just over $1,150 per ounce. We expect unit costs at Fairview, Sheba and Consort to reduce in the new financial year, benefiting from the turnaround plans currently being implemented. Flight 30 demonstrates that our cost performance on cooperation continues to be very much in line with averages for the global sector, with most producers having experienced significant cost pressure in the last couple of years. Despite inflation, we should be able to maintain all in sustaining costs at current levels in the coming financial year in US dollar terms. On slide 32, group capital projects, we continue to invest into our assets and into growth with most of Mintel's upfront capex spent in the next year. For Evanda, we expect capital to reduce from 2025 as most of the large capital for 24 to 26 levels would then have been spent. ESG slide 35, very proud of our achievements particularly on progress with renewable energy and water retreatment. I'm happy to report that our Evanda treatment plant for water is fully commissioned. At our Barberton Blueberries project, we are currently employing 300 community members, mostly women, in the second harvest, and also forecasting positive EBITDA for the venture this year. We would love to expand this operation further and create even more employment and opportunity. In terms of other ESG progress, we are issuing our very first TCFD report today. I'm also very pleased to report that this is the first year that we have limited assurance on 10 ESG KPIs, of which five relate to energy management and climate change, and five to important social aspects of our operations. I will now hand over to Dion, who will provide an overview of the financial results for FY23.

Thank you, Kruvis. Slide 37 summarizes the group's results for the 2023 financial year. Contrary to the prior financial year, during which the average RAND gold price declined, this trend reversed in the 2023 financial year, with the average RAND gold price increasing while the increase in the average US dollar gold price during this period was negligible at below 1% to $1,836 per ounce. The impact of the lower turnover was offset by the increase in the RAND gold price of 18%, resulting in a virtually flat year-on-year turnover of 5.7 billion RAND. This leverage to the depreciating RAND is important, as a group's functional currency is the RAND, and our debt is RAND-denominated. RAND cash generation drives our ability to fund our capital programs and redeem our RAND debt. Unfortunately, the flat year-on-year dollar gold price did not provide a similar offset for dollar revenue, which declined by approximately 15%, commensurate with the decline in gold sales. The lower gold production of 175,000 ounces also adversely impacted audience-sustaining cost per ounce, given the large fixed-cost component of our cost base. Fortunately, as virtually all our costs are RAND denominated, the 17% depreciation in the average RAND dollar exchange rate to almost 18 RAND to the US dollar contributed to subsidizing oil and sustaining costs per ounce in dollar terms, which commendably increased by only 3.1% to $1,327 per ounce, and the oil and sustaining costs more often declining by only 1.9% to 28%. The decline in revenue also adversely impacted adjusted EBITDA, which declined by 17% in dollar terms and attributable earnings and earnings per share, which declined by 19% in dollar terms relative to the prior financial year. The disproportionate lower decline in cash flow from operating activities of only 9% to $100 million relative to that of the prior financial year of $110 million is due to the upfront receipt of 400 million Rand or $22 million from the synthetic forward sale of gold, which I'll touch on in the next slide. The financial year's robust cash generation contributed to net debt increasing by $9 million to $22 million only, which is lower than originally anticipated, notwithstanding the capital expenditure on Evander's 24 to 26 level project and Mintel's capital expenditure gaining momentum towards the end of the financial year. Slide 38. demonstrates the extent of the group's available debt facilities and funding approach to the Mintiles project. As we mentioned in the past, our approach to projects of Elekulu and Mintiles scale is to fully fund the project's upfront capital with its debt redemption profile sculptured to its cash flow profile, leaving the rest of the group's cash flows unencumbered for other capital expenditure programs and returning cash to shareholders. The bar chart on the right of the slide shows a composition of the two dedicated debt facilities for Mintel's construction, comprising senior debt of 1.3 billion Rand, approximately $70 million, and the domestic medium-term bond issue of 800 million Rand, approximately $43 million. Together with the 400 million Rand, approximately $22 million upfront receipt from the synthetic forward sale of gold, Mintel's upfront capital of 2.5 billion Rand approximately 135 million dollars is fully funded to reduce the financial risk associated with the forecast increase in debt levels the group entered into a gold price hedge in march 2023 which locks in the rand proceeds on 116 000 ounces and an effective rand gold price of 1 million 135 000 rand per kilogram approximately 1 909 dollars per ounce over the following 24 months. This rolling two-year hedge underpins the RAND proceeds on approximately 32% of the 2024 financial year's production, using the midpoint of 184,000 ounces in the production guidance range as a base. In addition, for the period June to December 23, a further 25,800 ounces were hedged by means of a zero-cost collar with an average floor price of 1,100,000 Rand per kilogram or $1,849 per ounce and an average cap of 1,326,000 Rand per kilogram, $2,230 per ounce, bringing the total hedge answers for the 2024 financial year to 46% of the 184,000 ounce guidance referred to earlier. But it's likely we'll continue to make use of short-term hedges of this nature to lock in cash margins when we see a similar spike in the Rangold price. The bar chart on the left of the slide shows the extent of the group's available bridging and standby facilities should additional liquidity be required, either for operational or capital expenditure purposes. Slide 39 illustrates the individual redemption profiles of the group's facilities referred to in the previous slide and the group's total debt profile as it amortizes over the next five years. Total debt is expected to peak at approximately 3.1 billion rand or approximately 165 million dollars in the third quarter of the 2024 financial year as Mintel's expenditure peaks However, principal debt repayments only commence in the fourth quarter of the 2025 financial year, by which point in time Mintel should be commissioned and in full production. This 18-month window in principal debt repayments enables the group to focus on completing Evander's 24 to 26 level capital expenditure program and Mintel's construction. At forecast peak debt, the total debt to equity ratio is expected to be approximately 56%, of the existing equity base of $295 million. In reality, it would probably be less as the 1 billion Rand RCF facility seldom fully drawn and the group endeavors to hold a minimum cash balance of 200 million Rand, approximately $11 million at any point in time. Slide 40 tracks the group's historical dividend yield and the yield on the proposed dividend of 400 million Rand or approximately $21 million for the 2023 financial year. In Rand terms, a dividend is identical to that of the prior year of 18 South African cents per share, but lower in US dollar and pound terms due to the depreciation of the Rand relative to these currencies and equates to approximately 0.96 US cents per share or 0.75 pence per share. Based on the 30 June 2023 closing share price of R3.03, this represents a dividend yield of 5.9% in grand terms relative to the dividend yield of 4.6% of the prior financial year, which was based on the year-end share price of R3.94 at that time. The proposed dividend falls within the range provided for in the group's dividend policy of 40% to 50% of discretionary cash flow as defined by the dividend policy. Return on equity is a key parameter for measuring the success of our capital allocation decisions and slide 41 shows a dollar return on the group's shareholder funds for the 2023 financial year relative to that of its peer group. The decline in the return on equity to 20.8% relative to the 26% of the 2022 financial year is to be expected given the decline in profitability However, as Evander's 24 to 26 level project and the Mintel mine commences generating returns in the 2025 financial year, we can expect the return on equity to revert to its historical levels of closer to 30% given the profitability of these projects. Thank you.

Thank you, Dion. I think we can now wrap up with a couple of words on Sudan, and then also by emphasizing some key focus areas for us in the year ahead. On slide 43, we have in the past detailed our rationale for venturing into the Republic of Sudan. I'm happy to report that we have now successfully resumed our exploration activities in the Red Sea state, following a detailed assessment of the security and operational environment which we obviously continue to monitor closely. With drilling now factored into our budgets for the coming financial year, our team is working on hopefully declaring a maiden resource in the next 12 months. If we conclude on slide 45, Pan African continues to be focused on delivery and execution. Key areas for us in the next year include the following. We will continue our proactive journey to zero harm. We will work to increase gold production as per our guidance and limit cost increases. We will successfully execute into our capital projects, including the very exciting Mentales development. We will maintain our balance sheet flexibility and strong liquidity position. We look forward to exploring in the Sudan and to progressing our ESG initiatives. including more renewable projects. And finally, we will maintain our sustainable shareholder return centered approach to capital allocation decisions, creating value for all stakeholders. Thank you very much for your time this morning. We look forward to continue mining for a future in the year ahead. So let's start with a question from the web.

Hi, thank you, Corvis and Dion. We'll take questions from Chorus Call, if there are any at the moment.

Thank you, sir. We have a question from Raj Ray of BMO. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Alfred. Good morning, Corvis and team. Thanks for the presentation. My first question is on fiscal 2020 for growth projects. It's a big year for the company in terms of executing multiple projects. Is there any particular risk that COBUS keeps you awake at night in terms of delivering those on time and on budget for the next year? And a follow-up to that was one of your South African peers had recently highlighted severe skill shortage with respect uh skilled underground um drillers and is that a risk that you foresee for your underground development at the vendor um so that's my uh first question and then the second one is on sudan um how much are you looking to spend this year in uh in sudan when i said this is still 2024 and uh Given the geographical risk or jurisdictional risk we have seen, do you still believe in taking that project forward?

Thanks, Raj. We'll start with your first question. Obviously, it's quite a lot that keeps us awake. And as you point out, it's a very big year for Pan African in terms of delivery into projects. Fortunately, we have dedicated teams on all of these. So on Mintails, it's a team solely focused on the execution of Mintails. As you know, this is the fourth tailings, gold tailings retreatment operation that we're constructing. All of them have been on budget, on schedule. There's no indication that we will fail here. If anything, the team has more experience now, certainly than what they ever have, clearly. So that's good. In terms of Evander Underground, Again, I mean, it's a project that's been in the making for a number of years. And this is the last year sort of where, you know, there's sort of really significant capital. And then we should start seeing the benefits of having all of this development done. And again, I mean, if you look at our track record in terms of Evanda, we've managed to sort of pretty much deliver on the CapEx as and when it was required. So that team also very focused. In terms of rock drill operators, underground skills, yes, it is a concern. It's not only underground. It's sort of, I guess, generally a theme in South Africa that there is a shortage of skills and you find a lot of our skilled and experienced people working elsewhere. in Africa and in the world. Again, fortunately, the scale that we have at the Evander Underground is such that we can, I believe, manage that situation. So it's not like we need to employ 50 crews. I think at most, at this point, we're going to ramp up to about 20 crews, and that's quite manageable. So even though it's a challenge, it's something that we believe that... that we will be able to overcome. In terms of the Sudan, the capital that we intend to spend on exploration is limited, it's an order of about $4 million or so. So yes, I mean, there is definitely jurisdictional risk, there's no doubt and what's happened in the last six months is definitely highlighted that but then, you know, we still very excited about the ore bodies that we believe we can find. And the bottom line is that, you know, Africa is not without risk. I mean, we've seen West Africa recently, what's happening in Mali, the terrorism situation elsewhere. So, yes, I mean, we will continue to, in a prudent and circumspect manner, take that project forward. And the capital at risk there is quite manageable from our perspective.

Thanks, Kovacs, for that. A follow-up question with respect to your cost profile. As you pointed out, fiscal 2024 is pretty much in line with fiscal 2023. But as you start executing on the development projects expected to come down, do you have a target in mind as to where you can get to given the current, let's say the current inflationary environment stays for the next few years with the projects coming online? What's the target that you have in terms of reducing your oil and sustaining costs? Another part to that question is with respect to the vendor on the ground. You did point out with all the development capital spent, but I'm assuming there's going to be under sustainable underground development that needs to do over the next few years to improve flexibility. Can you give us some idea about how much of that capital could be?

Yeah, so. Look, the target on oil and sustaining cost is as low as it possibly can be without compromising the long-term sustainability. But certainly with Elekulu and now Mintails producing at circa $1,000, that will definitely benefit the portfolio together, obviously, with hopefully producing more ounces at Barberton. And we've demonstrated some good progress, I believe, in terms of producing more gold from Barberton. So, yes, I mean, there's so many variables. Also, obviously, we have the South African exchange, Rand exchange rate playing a role. So I wouldn't really want to commit beyond 2024 other than to say that, you know, I think if we compare ourselves to the rest of the global sector, we're very much in line. So it's not a situation that South Africa is known for being really high cost. It's not the case with Pan African. And we do have certainly the tangible ability to reduce that cost in the next couple of years with these projects that I've mentioned. Just to conclude on your Evander question, yes, I mean, the capital will go down, but next year we're probably looking at the order of about $20, $25 million, I would think, so 2025. This is now with the refrigeration done, with a vent shaft equipped for hoisting, and all of the initial developments done. So the project would be self-funding very much from that perspective.

That's great. And one last question, if I may, with respect to Mintails. You have significant experience having executed multiple tennis retreating projects. Is there anything that's different about Mintails versus any Kulu or anything else you have done in the past? Or is it pretty much the same?

Well, I think the plant is very similar. Obviously, we're taking the learnings from Elekulu, improving and optimizing to the extent we can. The operating environment is a little bit different. Elekulu was built on our own mining area where we're entering into a very new part of Johannesburg we're not familiar with. But technically, there's not a lot of differences. If anything, the benefit that we have with Mintails is that the first number of years of production There's no need to deposit onto a tailings facility. We'll be depositing into an old, worked-out, open-pit area. So that, in a way, is a benefit.

Okay, that's great, Corbis. Thanks a lot. That's it for me.

Any more questions from Coris?

Yes, there is, sir. We have a question from Richard Hatch of Ehrenberg. Please go ahead. Yeah, thanks very much. Most of mine got taken by Raj. So I guess I'll just ask one on the hedge. Obviously, you've got, sorry if I've missed this, but obviously you've got some hedge volumes at the moment. You know, round gold price is pretty attractive here. Any thoughts around putting in some additional hedging just to, you know, stabilise or just shore up those cash flows as you go through a period of investment?

Yeah. Richard, I think it's exactly what our thoughts are. Given the Rand gold price at the moment, it spiked to well in excess of what we were anticipating from a budgetary point of view. And once the existing zero-cost collars extinguish in December of this year, we'll probably be looking to hedging again for the next six months. Whether we do so then or whether we do so in the near short term, it's all a function of where we see the rent gold price going. And hopefully it will give us a good spike again and enable us to lock in those cash margins on the short term.

Thanks, John. Just to remind me, when you're thinking about it, what's a comfortable level for you to hedge?

We recognise it's a... It's not a perfect science. It really comes down to protecting cash flows. And then we believe somewhere between probably 40 to 60 percent would be optimal, depending on, as I said, you know, the robustness of the margin that can be locked in. Clearly, we don't want to eliminate all of the upside, even on the short term. But I think it's important to recognize these are short term hedges for investors. a relatively limited volume of gold given the total production. So we don't want to go and entirely hedge out all the upside, but at the same point in time, we want to have a meaningful cash flow underpinning place.

Just to add, I mean, the way we hedge also is, the way we hedge is not a straight hedge. It'll be, as Dionne said, a collar structure where we lock in a minimum, but then retain the upside exposure also.

Good stuff. All right. Very sensible. Thanks a lot.

Cheers. Any other questions? No, sir. We have no further questions on the lines. Thank you. Thank you so much. So we'll go to the web. Nathan, please go ahead.

Okay. Thank you, Kovas. We have a few questions. Before we do that, I'd like to apologize for the break in the streaming. There was a power dip, but we're back online. Thank you. So I'll start with questions from... Edward Smythe has got a few questions. We'll start with 2024 all-in sustaining costs. It says it will benefit from a 4% expected lower RAND and a guided 5% increase in volumes. So isn't it possible to meet or beat the 2023 all-in sustaining cost of $1327 an ounce?

Yeah, so we definitely will endeavor to try. But it is quite a high inflationary environment, as you know, in South Africa. At this point, you have electricity increasing by some 18 odd percent. You have, as we've mentioned, the reagents. So definitely, I mean, in terms of the underground, it's very much a volume game. So obviously, if we can increase our production, then certainly we would expect to have that benefit. And as you know, I mean, we're very much focused on costs. And if you look at the absolute or total cost increases of our operations, I think the teams have done well and will continue to do so.

Thanks. Also from Ed is reagent costs fell at BTRP, but rose sharply at Elikulu. Can the Archon shear reactor be applied at both sites?

uh, they are, uh, actually applied, uh, at both sites, uh, it, but these are very different operations. So, uh, the BTRP process is one, one and a half grams per ton, uh, 80 to a hundred thousand tons a month. Um, you know, that's very different with, with higher recoveries. That's very different to 1.2 million tons, 30, uh, 0.3 grams per ton with, uh, 30, 35%, uh, recovery. So that's the, the reason why the reagents have escalated. Whereas, um, the team at Barberton have slowed down and increased recoveries and focused on costs. So it's a constant, and again, you know, the sort of variability of what you are putting through also determines the extent of the reagents you need in your metallurgical process. So it's something that teams continue to monitor, but I can assure you, I mean, we've had a number of reviews done on sites, and we're quite comfortable that the process is as efficient as it can be on both the Likudu and the BTRP.

Thanks, Gervais. Also from Ed, how does the company's low valuation impact on the company's capital allocations? How does it affect CapEx and exploration plans? Why does a company not pursue buybacks? A hugely accretive value enhancement at a valuation of sub four times PE.

Thanks. So, I mean, we have pursued buybacks in the past and it's a balancing act. Some people love them. Some people hate them. There's no clear-cut answer. I think we take your point on the valuation. This is a year where we have very substantial and significant capital investments, both in Mintails, as you know, and also on the underground at Evanda. And I think once that is done, we'll have a lot more flexibility from a balance sheet perspective. So we're quite prudent. We obviously have to balance the capital investment also with what we think is a sector-leading dividend. And if we continue to do the right things, then I think the valuation will change. But we take your point on the buybacks. It's not something that's off the table. In terms of capital allocation, all the projects we are undertaking, I believe, have very good return on investments. And clearly, it doesn't make sense for us to go and do a merger now, given our valuation. So we have to be circumspect in terms of what we look at from a growth perspective. The projects that we are undertaking, I think, tick the box, despite the low valuation.

Thanks, Corbis. Last question from Ed. Post the 17 ventilation shaft repurposed to a hoisting shaft capacity of 40,000 tons, what all-in sustaining cost can be expected from a ramped Evanda output?

If I recall, the studies indicated an all-in sustaining cost of circa $1,200, $1,200, $1,250. from the Evander Underground, which again, you know, comparing it to the international peers and certainly to the South African market is quite attractive.

Great. Thanks, Kourbis. We've got two questions from Rene Hockreiter of NOAA Capital. NOAA says, nice results. Well done on your low fall in sustaining cost increases. Can you quantify the improvement of the security situation at Barberton Mines?

It's difficult to quantify, but if you look at the number of people we are arresting, it went from 150 to about, let's say, 50 or so a month. So that's one indication. And it's a collaborative effort with ourselves, law enforcement, the community surrounding the mine. And it's obviously, as you know, we've discussed as many times, it's something we have to continue to work at. But Yes, I think it's encouraging that illegal mining, which we've struggled with for many years, is certainly enjoying more focus from government and their number of calls to address the situation. So I think that's a positive.

Thanks, Koubis. Dion, I think this is for you. Rene asks, what is your IRR expectation for Mintels?

Rene, it's... If my memory serves me correctly, it was north of 25% in dollar terms when originally we did the feasibility study. It's a function of the gold price, the dollar gold price, obviously. But we will not pursue a project which doesn't give us a four-year payback on original capital.

Thanks, Dion. We've got a question from Bruce Williamson of Integral Asset Management. He says, hi, Corbis. Are you able to employ sufficient senior mining engineering and processing skills at all your operations. And he says, we look forward to live presentations once again.

We'll take notes of your comment on presentations, Bruce. As we've said, there's definitely a shortage of skills, engineering, mining, processing, all of it. It means that you have to look after your people and I think the culture also is important. But, yes, I mean, fortunately, I think our business is of a scale where we can still manage that issue. I mean, it's not like we're employing 20,000 or 30,000 people. So it's something we'll have to continue to monitor, and it is a concern.

Thanks, Kubis. We've got a question from David Melville of Financial Hub. He says, while I understand the thinking of the hedging, given that you have very good debt facilities, are you not perhaps giving away some of your upside with a rising gold price? Under what circumstances would you stop hedging? Thank you.

I think it's important to recognize that the synthetic forward sale we did was twofold. It was a hedging requirement in terms of the senior debt facilities. the 1.3 billion Rand facility for Mintels. But secondly, also, it was to raise a 400 million Rand capital contribution to the Mintels' total funding. That was necessary to close out that funding. The zero-cost collars, as Quibus mentioned, there's a floor. Typically, we want to underpin, say, 1,100,000 Rand a kilogramme. which pretty much covers our cost structures, our budget. And then it's a question of the gold price that determines the cap that we can get. And at the moment, the cap we can get is approximately 1,350,000 to 1,400,000 grand a kilogram, depending the period over which we hedge. So yes, there will be a sacrifice of revenue and opportunity cost. associated with the gold price if it increases in excess of the cap level. But at that kind of level, on the short term, we'll be making a lot of money. And for that reason, we don't want to hedge out all of the ounces. We still want to keep some upside, underpinning the cash margin from a debt and covenant perspective, while at the same point in time still giving some participation on the upside. We keep the hedges short. And as I said earlier to another question, probably no more than 40% to 60% of annual production. The level of the, will we ever not hedge? Absolutely. Hedging is a risk mitigation endeavor. And if post the commissioning of mintails, we're comfortable with the operational risk and financial risk, clearly the hedging levels will decline, possibly even to zero, as has been the case in the past.

Thanks, Dion. We've got a question from Tutuko Setole of SBG Securities. Congratulations on the result. My question is around your unit costs. Are you seeing any reprieve in commodity input costs?

Thanks, Jo. Well, look, we would hope to have now the reagent escalations easing. Obviously, it's also a product of oil price, so we'll have to see what that does. I think we're in a decent position because of the fact that, you know, we have sort of 50, 60 percent of our cost base is wages in South African rand. And, you know, we've pretty much nailed down those increases to circa six to seven percent. So that's manageable. And then obviously we have ESCOM to contend with and we know what those escalations or have been and are likely to be. So that's something to manage and I mean, for us, one of the key ways of reducing unit cost is by commissioning projects like Mintails, which is low cost, $1,000 an ounce and long life, more than 20 years.

Thanks, Koovis. We've got a few questions from Lutz Eberl from Chart Capital, mainly around the Mintails project. Lutz says, your Mintails project is situated next to the West Village town. which is known as a very dangerous place and with still plenty of illegal miners respectively, so-called Zama-Zamas that live next to it. There are many reports and even videos which show that the Zamas managed to completely strip down the former Mintails plant, which was a pretty large plant within a few weeks. How do you practically want to control and secure your large Mintails license area in this regard? Do you plan for a sort of maximum security prison for your $160 million US investment?

So, I mean, we're very familiar with what happened on that site. I can assure you we've had three years or four, even more, to do our homework. And security, as we've said in the past, is one of our core functions. Unfortunately, that becomes such. And we've been planning, as I said, for a long time. There are other operations close by, DRD, Sibane, Harmony. We collaborate. We sort of make sure that we sort of have some level of scale there. And yes, I mean, security is something we deal with. And it's not easy, but it's something we're comfortable in managing.

Okay. Lewis also says, in your recent July 2013, three presentation, you show a nice map of the Mintel's property. According to our state of knowledge, there is another gold mine situated next to your Lancaster pit, even named after it, called the Lancaster Gold Mine. It should be the area on the top right corner of your picture in the presentation. It seems that this property does not belong to your Mintel's licensed area. but could feature a continuation of the reefs which have been mined in the Lancaster pit. Beside the fact that you probably would need the surface area in order to reprocess the large tailings down next to it, it might make sense to extend the existing Lancaster pit in an easterly direction in order to process this virgin reef with a projected and probably highly efficient plant. Do you have any thoughts or plans regarding this neighbor, respectively, neighboring property, which most probably not only could add to the life of mine of your Mintels project, but also facilitate the reprocessing of the main project's tailings dump?

Yeah, it's quite a mouthful. But the bottom line is, I mean, we focused on reprocessing tailings. We're very familiar, again, with that operation. It's actually on our surface. So we own all of that surface. We will in due course look to do a feasibility on potential run of mine circuits or mills, etc. But that's not the focus for us. The focus is reprocessing 800 to a million tons of tailings at 0.3 grams per ton. And that's the business case, which is very attractive. So whatever we can do to optimize, we will. We also obviously have done all the work on deposition space, when, where, and all of that is well established. So yes, I mean, we're very familiar with that area. And clearly, I mean, to the extent we can establish synergies with anybody else operating there, we will.

Okay, thanks. We've got a last question here from Dalo Nkub from Lataba Elishle Investments. Dalo says, congrats on your resilient performance. Some of your gold peers are diversifying into copper. Are we likely to see a similar move from Pan-African?

Thanks for that, Dalu. I think we have more than enough to do on the gold side. We never take anything off the table, but let's focus on the projects we have at hand. As I said, it's a lot to do, a lot of value to be unlocked in the next year, and that really is what we will be working on as Pan-African.

Thanks very much. That's all from the webcast questions. I would hand over to the teleconference if there's any questions.

Thank you, sir. There are no further questions from the lines.

Thank you.

Thank you very much then to everybody for taking time this morning. Have a great day. Thank you.