Airgain, Inc.

Q1 2021 Earnings Conference Call

5/6/2021

spk00: Good afternoon. Welcome to Airgain's first quarter 2021 earnings conference call. My name is Jody, and I will be your coordinator for today's call. Joining us for today's call are Airgain's CEO, Jacob Suen, CFO, David Lyle, and Senior Vice President of Product and Marketing, Morad Sahi. As a reminder, this call will be recorded and made available for replay via a link available in the investor relations section of Airgain's website at www.airgain.com. Following management's prepared remarks, the call will be opened up for questions from Airgain's publishing sell-side analysts. I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Lyles.
spk01: Thank you and good afternoon to everyone. I caution listeners that during this call, Aergain Management will be making forward-looking statements about future events and Aergain's business strategy and future financial and operating performance. Actual results could differ materially from those stated or implied by these forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with the company's business. These forward-looking statements are qualified by the cautionary statements contained in today's earnings release. and Ergain's SEC filings. This conference call contains time-sensitive information and is accurate only as of the date of this live broadcast, May 6, 2021. Ergain undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this conference call. In addition, this conference call may include a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures. Please see today's earnings release for further details. including a reconciliation of the gap to non-gap results. Now I'd like to turn the call over to our CEO, Jacob Soon. Jacob?
spk02: Thank you, Dave. Welcome, everyone, and thank you for joining us on the call today. I'll start with an update on the progress we've made on many fronts since the beginning of the year and review how we see our strategy playing out. They will then provide Q1 financial details as well as our Q2 2021 outlook in color of how we expect the year to play out. But before I begin, I would like to point you to some exciting news we just released. Earlier this week, we announced that Dr. Ali Sajri has joined the management team as Senior Vice President of Engineering. Dr. Satri is a CSUN engineering executive and will help drive the next phase of growth for AirGain by bringing over 25 years of experience developing cutting-edge technology, most importantly in millimeter wave technology for 5G and Wi-Fi. Prior to joining AirGain, Dr. Satri held several executive positions at leading technology companies. and most prominently at Intel, where he spent over 18 years and served as head of the millimeter wave advanced technology development group. Most recently, he served as vice president of engineering at Solid, Inc., with company's millimeter wave product strategy and development. In addition to his professional career, Dr. Satri serves as an industry international advisor at Tokyo Institute of Technology and earlier served as a visiting assistant professor at Duke University. Prior to Intel, Dr. Satri held executive positions at Weigach Alliance as founder and chairman of the board and as director of communications standards at IBM. Dr. Satri received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering with a minor in business from North Carolina State University and is a named inventor on over 150 domestic and international patents. We are very excited and fortunate to be able to attract such amazing talent as it is a testament to the innovations and talent we have here at AirGain. Ali's presence will be a force that pushes AirGain into future generations of integrated wireless solutions, and particularly for 5G millimeter wave technologies. Now let's move on to quarter-end commentary. Let's begin with an update on the progress with our game-changing AirGain Connect platform's first product, which represents a $500 million market opportunity for AirGain. AT&T turned on and formally launched the HPE portions of the first network on January the 26th of this year. AT&T rebranded the HPE network mega-range. So we will use those terms interchangeably. In turn, AirGain released our first AirGain Connect product into general availability. Our product is specifically designed to work on the HPE network and is the only antenna modem product that currently works on that network. Since the January 26 launch, we have been providing products to prospective customers for demo purposes and have generated an extensive and growing opportunity funnel. We are seeing particular interest from large private ambulance companies, fire and rescue organizations focused on preparing for the upcoming firefighting season, sheriff departments, federal and state governmental related agencies, as well as energy companies. We are starting to see a real uptick in lease, demos, and sell-through in the past few weeks and believe it will translate to solid growth in the second half of the year. In Q2, we expect to generate approximately $1.5 million in revenue from A-Gain Connect. On April 28, we announced A-Gain Connect's availability on Cenex Corporation's GSA schedule contract. Cenex is a Fortune 200 corporation with its resellers serving government customers at the federal, state, and local levels. The availability of air game products through the U.S. government's GSA or General Services Administration's schedule program deepens Agen's nationwide reach within the public sector and strengthens our channel program by enabling more customers to procure AgenConnect through resellers. Let's now move on to the progress we are making with our recent acquisitions of NimbleLink, which closed on January 7th of this year. If you are new to our story, we have been at a critical inflection point in our transition towards becoming a more system-level company by providing even higher levels of innovative solutions. The acquisition of Blink plays an important role in our overall growth strategy to broaden market diversification, especially within the industrial IoT space. Nimblink has significantly advanced our strategic mission to deliver higher levels of integrated wireless system solutions globally. We have made excellent progress with Nimblink's integration and believe we will see continued positive results throughout the year. From a product perspective, on March 31st, we announced the commercial availability of Nimblink's AT6 asset tracking device. a fully-featured cellular-based asset tracker enabling monitoring of assets in remote locations while intrinsic and outside of normal infrastructure. The AT6 is also a battery-powered Bluetooth BLE gateway, facilitating hub and spoke implementations with BLE tags. making the AT6 well-suited for supply chain logistics and reusable packaging applications, where both individual packages as well as aggregate pallet or container tracking is desired. As we announced last month, our AT6 asset tracking device received a 2021 Industrial IoT Product of the Year award by IoT Evolution World. the leading magazine and website covering IoT technologies. We believe notable industry awards like this demonstrate the strength and capability of the NimbleLink team and its products. From a revenue perspective, NimbleLink outperformed our expectations in Q1, and we are seeing solid growth and momentum so far in Q2. we believe we will continue to see revenue growth from neighboring products through this year and beyond, despite pressure from the global chip shortage issue. Regarding leveraging our international sales force, we have already secured a new design win and expect more to come. In terms of the integration effort, we are right on schedule and our employees are excited about the prospects of the combined companies. We are also making good progress bundling air-gain antennas with neighboring Skywire modems and asset trackers, and expect to have offerings across multiple products in the coming months. Now, let's move on to our strategy. Over the past few years, we've been transitioning the company from primarily a consumer market-focused company towards the enterprise and automotive markets. In parallel, we have also been broadening our capabilities beyond antennas and into integrated wireless systems. We believe we have successfully executed on that plan and are already seeing growth this year. We expect we'll see growth from our enterprise and automotive markets, especially with the introductions of the AirGain Connect platform, as well as with the additions of NimbleLink. If you look beyond those two major growth drivers, we believe we will see growth from our enterprise market as we begin to rent product from the design lens with our two traditional Wi-Fi enterprise global customers. As we announced on April 13, Dagan was chosen by one of the world's leading enterprise networking equipment manufacturers as its connectivity provider for its first 5G enterprise network platform. AIGAN designed and validated an innovative antenna system solution for a powerful new 5GFR1 enterprise software-defined wide area networking or SD-WAN branch router. With multi-gigabit capabilities, It is designed for large indoor enterprise deployments where commercial 5G services with high throughput and low latency network services are required. It's worth noting that our antenna solution was selected from competing solutions due to its optimized throughput and coverage performance, enabling enterprise grade in building connectivity. orders in the second half of the year and start generating meaningful revenue beginning in 2022. Moving on to our auto market, following a refresh of our automotive fleet aftermarket products portfolio to 5G, and with a renewed focus on selling our products into that market, we believe we will see growth out of our historical automotive fleet revenue this year as well. In summary, With the additions of NimbleLink in the production lounge of AirGain Connect, together with growth opportunities across our addressable markets, we believe AirGain is well positioned for accelerated growth in 2021 and the years ahead. Now, I would like to turn the call back over to Dave, who will walk us through financial highlights. Dave?
spk01: Thank you, Jacob. First quarter 2021 revenue of $17.4 million was above the midpoint of our previous guidance of $17 million and up 35% sequentially from the fourth quarter. More importantly, $17.4 million is the highest quarterly revenue ever recorded at AirGames. Consumer revenue was $10.3 million, up about $700,000 from $9.6 million in Q4, primarily due to our gateway design win at a large North American service provider and customer, as well as a resurgence of ordering by our international service provider and customers following a soft year due to the impact of COVID last year. Enterprise revenue was up materially from $1.3 million in Q4 to $4.4 million in Q1, early due to the addition of NimbleLink revenue. The NimbleLink revenue contribution was $3.2 million for the quarter, exceeding our previous guidance of $2.7 million. Although we did see growth from our large traditional enterprise Wi-Fi customers, the global chip shortage delayed some of our growth in that market. Automotive revenue was $2.7 million in Q1, up from $1.9 million in Q4, due mainly to incremental revenue from AirGain Connect product shipments totaling about $1 million versus about $500,000 in Q4, as well as growth out of our aftermarket fleet market revenue, which grew sequentially in Q1. Q1 non-GAAP gross margin of 42.2% was just below the low end of our previous guidance range, primarily due to a higher revenue contribution than expected from our lower gross margin NimbleLink products, as well as higher costs associated with a ramp of products in our manufacturing facility. It is important to note that we saw better than expected gross margins out of the NimbleLink products in Q1, demonstrating that our gross margin improvement plan is yielding results already. Going into Q2, we expect to see continued improvement in gross margin from our NimbleLink product revenue. Excluded from non-GAAP gross margin was $82,000 for amortization of purchased intangibles and $352,000 in a one-time non-cash inventory step-up charge associated with the purchase price accounting from the NimbleLink acquisition. Non-GAAP operating expense in Q1 of $7 million was right at the midpoint of our previous guidance range. Excluded from non-GAAP operating expense was $928,000 in stock-based compensation expense, $634,000 in amortization of intangible assets, mostly related to the NimbleLink acquisition, and $189,000 in NimbleLink transaction-related expenses. Adjusted EBITDA was $428,000 in Q1. Before moving to net income, I wanted to address taxes. In Q1, we recorded a total tax benefit of $2.1 million driven primarily from the acquisition of NimbleLink. In connection with the acquisition, we recorded deferred tax liabilities associated with intangibles, which in turn resulted in a release of $2.3 million of valuation allowance and therefore a tax benefit. Note that we will exclude this benefit from our non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share calculations as it is a one-time accounting benefit. Moving on to net income, non-GAAP net income in Q1 was $297,000. Q1 gap net income was $237,000, well ahead of previous guidance, due mainly to the tax benefit just described. Moving to earnings per share, our Q1 non-gap earnings per share was 3 cents, consistent with our previous guidance range midpoint. Gap earnings per share was 2 cents. Finally, our Q1 cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaled approximately $21.6 million, about $1.4 million lower than our previous cash balance of $23 million disclosed on January 7th with the acquisition of Nimblink. The decline in cash was mostly related to the payout of year-end bonus and commissions, as well as other working capital changes. We did not repurchase any shares during the quarter. Now, I would like to provide a preliminary outlook for the second quarter of 2021. In Q2, we expect revenue to grow and be in the range of $17.25 and $19.25 million, or $18.25 million at the midpoint of the range. We expect both our enterprise and automotive markets to grow sequentially in Q2, primarily from NimbleLink product revenue growth and traditional enterprise Wi-Fi revenue growth, both in our enterprise market, as well as growth from AirGain Connect in our automotive market. We expect product revenue from our consumer market customers to see pressure in Q2 as a result of the global chip shortage. Already contemplated in our revenue guidance range is about $1 million in revenue that we don't expect to ship this quarter due to the impact of the global chip shortage, mostly related to our consumer market end customers. We expect non-GAAP gross margin in the second quarter to be in the range of 41% to 43%. Excluded from non-GAAP gross margin was $87,000 in acquisition-related amortization of purchased intangibles. We expect Q2 non-GAAP operating expense will be about $7.2 million, plus or minus $150,000. We expect hiring of new talent to support our revenue growth to be the primary contributor to higher corporate operating expense. Excluded from our non-GAAP operating expense estimate was about $1 million in stock-based compensation expense and $682,000 in acquisition-related amortization of purchase intangibles. At the midpoint of guidance, adjusted EBITDA in Q2 would be about $620,000. At the midpoint of guidance, we expect Q2 non-GAAP earnings per share to be about $0.04, and on a GAAP basis, we expect a loss per share of $0.13. Summing up where we are today, we expect 2021 to be an exciting year for AirGain as we have multiple catalysts for growth across all three of our primary target markets. Our strong balance sheet with more than $21 million in cash and no debt provide a durable and sustainable foundation to execute our growth plan, and capitalize on the abundant opportunities in front of us. Now I'll turn it back over to Jacob.
spk02: Jacob? Thanks, Faith. We continue to be excited and confident about the prospects for us to grow in 2021, even in this challenging environment. With the formal release into general availability of our first Aging Connect product, the expected revenue contribution and growth from our NimbleLink products, the ramp of products into our traditional global Wi-Fi enterprise customers, and the refresh of our outdoor aftermarket products to 5G. We believe we have precision air gain for a year of strong growth in 2021, especially after the record quarter that we just had in Q1. With new and innovative products being developed for our targeted enterprise sub-markets, multiple new products out of our AgInconnect platform. We believe we are positioned for long-term profitable growth. Additionally, we are very appreciative of all the hard work our employees have put into our company during an unprecedented and difficult environment. We are also very appreciative of our supportive customers, suppliers, and shareholders. And with that, We are ready to open the call for your questions. Operator, please provide the appropriate instructions.
spk00: Thank you. We will now take questions from AirGames publishing cell site analysts. If you'd like to ask a question, you will need to press star 1 on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, press the pound or hash key. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. And our first question comes from the line of Carl Ackerman of Cowan. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
spk04: Hi, this is Sam on for Carl. Thanks for the question. We're glad to see that NimbleLink is off to such a hot start as part of your portfolio. And given that it comprised about 20% of your revenues this quarter and you still broke 42% gross margins and AirGain Connect continues to gain steam through the year, Why shouldn't we expect gross margins to stay at least above 42% for the remainder of the year? I mean, does your guidance imply very strong sequential growth for NimbleLink that's dragging on margins?
spk01: Yeah, this is Dave. I'll take the beginning of that. Maybe Jacob can chime in. But, yes, gross margins are lower than our corporate gross margins. NimbleLink margins are lower than our corporate gross margins. So you're looking at this the right way. They're growing fast. pretty nicely going into Q2, and we expect that growth to continue throughout the year. That being said, we talked previously about the fact that NimbleLink had already started on a cost reduction program. They had implemented that reduction to actually begin starting this quarter, but it happened a little early in Q1, so we got a little bit of benefit higher than expected on the gross margin side. We think that will continue through the year. I don't think it'll come quite up to this year, quite up to our corporate gross margins, but we'll certainly improve them. I think next year we'll start to see that change. There's also one more note on this. It depends on the mix within the NimbleLink revenue. NimbleLink has some products that are lower gross margin and some that are higher gross margin, so that mix also matters. depending on which grows faster. And then in terms of the overall corporate gross margin past Q2, we haven't talked, disclosed, or guided past Q2, but I think we're, you know, until we start seeing improvement on the range with Nimbolink and, you know, we're going to be somewhere in the zip code that we're in today throughout the rest of the year. That's highly dependent on mix, so we'll have to see which direction that goes.
spk04: Great. Thank you. And then one on AirGain Connect, if I may. It's great to see the growth this quarter, executing on doubling it quarter over quarter, like you mentioned last call. But if you're willing to talk about it this far out, you know, what kind of run rate could we expect AirGain Connect related revenues to achieve exiting this calendar year, growing from about the $6 million run rate you're estimating for this current quarter?
spk01: So you're talking about AirGain Connect. AirGain Connect, in our guidance that we just shared, was forecasted to be $1.5 million in Q2. And the way I kind of look at this is that we are at the very beginning of this. This really launched AT&T's HPE portion of the network called MegaRange, launched January 26th of this year. And most of the demonstration units were sent out after that point because we weren't necessarily allowed to do more than a small set before that. So we have to get through at least the first sales cycle to see how big this could be. which makes it hard to put a number on it through this year, except for the fact that this is a massive market opportunity for air gain. You know, we have currently the only antenna modem product that can service the mega range portion of the spectrum for FirstNet. And really it's going to be about, you know, getting those demos into sell through. And once that happens, we think this will really open up for us.
spk04: Understood. Thank you. And then one last housekeeping one, if I may. Is the current seven, seven and a half million dollar OPEX level that you executed on this quarter and the current quarter representative of the steady state costs you're going to have in the business for the near term? Or should it trend up from here as you continue to invest in NimbleLink and acquiring new talent?
spk01: Yeah, that's a good question. We did $7 million in Q1 non-GAAP. We guided to $7.2, so it's incrementing up a little bit in Q2. I think you'll see a little bigger uptick in Q3 and Q4. It doesn't take a lot of OpEx to get the leverage out of revenue for something like AirGain Connect, but we're going to invest there. So we'll see an uptick starting probably more in the second half.
spk04: Understood. Thank you very much.
spk01: No problem.
spk00: And again, if you would like to ask a question, that is star 1 on your telephone keypad. And our next question comes from the line of Scott Sorrell of Roth Capital Partners. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
spk05: Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. Hey, Dave. Hey, Jacob. My apologies, I camped on a little bit late, so I apologize if this is redundant. But, of course, to dig in a little bit on AirGain Connect, you're starting to get up to a nicer run rate, it sounds like, in the second quarter. Did you give a range for the year or provide other metrics in terms of how that pipeline is forming? I know you've been announcing various different relationships from a distribution standpoint, whether it's Cinex or other partners with Assured. Just wondering how big that pipeline and that reach looks right now and where you expect to be exiting 2021.
spk02: Hey, Jacob here. So as far as the pipeline, the funnel, we are seeing a strong interest. We have north of 300 plus leads as of last week. And when I say leads, you know, it's customers' leads. That means multiple units per customer. And we have almost close to 100 of the demos ongoing and already got POs sell through as well. So we do see a strong momentum. And as I mentioned in the call earlier, With the wildfire season upon us, we do expect an even stronger interest in the coming weeks. The firefighters, they want to be very prepared, as well as the ambulances, EMS. for the upcoming season. So we do believe it's more of a timing issue than anything else. And, you know, we are very optimistic about the projection. I think that at this point it's too early for us to give you a more concrete number, except that we feel pretty strongly about at least getting to 1.5 mil this quarter.
spk05: Great. Thank you. And in terms of Nimble Inc., it sounds like that's off to a good start in the first quarter here. It sounds like you're not seeing any component availability issues necessarily in NimbleLink more on the consumer front. I'm wondering if you could flush that out a little bit in terms of the demand you're seeing for NimbleLink, some of the end markets and the applications where there's interest, whether it's for the tracker or other solutions there, because universally it sounds like demand has been good for these types of products, but some of your other competitors have been experiencing more component headwinds on that front. I wanted you to talk about that a little bit.
spk01: Yeah, we are definitely seeing component headwinds on the chip side for NimbleLink's revenue specifically. I think we got ahead of that problem. I think I talked about that earlier back in the December-January timeframe during the closing of the acquisition. had the NimbleLink guys really look closely at this, and they did a really incredible job making sure they got in line for chips and are therefore able to fulfill the demand that's out there. In fact, I would say the demand actually exceeds even this quarter what revenue we're expecting out of them, and I think that's still going to be the issue going on throughout the year, but I think that business quarter to quarter is going to continue to grow despite that pressure.
spk05: Hey, Dave, did you quantify any, not necessarily lost revenue, but revenue that got pushed out related to component availability in the first quarter and in the current expectations for the second quarter?
spk01: Yeah, I talked about the second quarter being, you know, we're estimating, and this is based on our end customers' data that's coming through, that it's an impact on us of about a million dollars that we've already reflected into our guidance range.
spk05: Great. And lastly, if I could, Jacob, I think in the past you talked about some development in terms of fixed wireless access and what you're doing on that front. Combine that with, I think you brought on a new VP of engineering who has some expertise in the millimeter wave area. I was wondering if you could update us in terms of any thoughts on new product development and areas of interest going forward. Thanks.
spk02: Yes, great questions, Scott. And I'll start, and then maybe Maureen can add some color. Certainly, we are thrilled to have Someone with the caliber of Dr. Satri. And you saw his background with the credential that he brings, you know, only a million meters away from. And also just Wi-Fi and AI in general. And we think that he's going to really be working on several projects for the different markets based on 5G. And with his background, he's the perfect fit for where we're going to go with our next phase of the company, product and technology. You know, we are actively developing product, 5G for consumer, for enterprise, and for outdoor. And, you know, Moira can get into more specific, you know, but definitely with Dr. Sastry joining us, we feel strongly about how we're going to be able to get this product out to market, you know, in a timely manner and with some innovations as well.
spk06: So, yeah, so Scott, this is Moira. Just to kind of give a little bit more detail about the developments that are taking place in the fixed wireless access in particular, Before Dr. Sudhri came on board, we had already started the development to address that market specifically. What's going to happen is with Ali joining the team, that development is going to get accelerated. Now, in terms of what products come out to market first and which ones would come out later, we're going to have to decide what the flavor of that is going to look like because right now, depending on which operator you're talking to, 5G, whether it's millimeter wave or sub-6 gigahertz, It's going to depend on how it's going to play out over the next six to 12 months. But suffice to say that you will see products that are going to come out from AirGain that are going to position us and allow us to be a player and also give us the access to become active in this 5G space.
spk05: Great. Thanks so much. Thanks, Scott.
spk00: And again, if you would like to ask a question, that is star one on your telephone keypad. And our next question comes from the line of Tim Sauvageot of North One Capital. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
spk03: Hi. Good afternoon. I have a question on the consumer side, actually. And you mentioned headwinds from chip shortages, and I think that's pretty kind of ubiquitous across that ecosystem. Although, you know, there also seems to be some very strong demand there, you know, evidence and results from some of the players across the broadband gateway space, even video. And Dave, I think you referenced some sort of resurgence in ordering by some of your customers. as well as a new design wing. Could we be in a situation here where, you know, we see some kind of significant recovery in consumer revenue as we look to the second half of the year?
spk01: You know, why don't I start, and Jacob has some background on that, too. You know, the service providers specifically As you know, they're moving into a lot of these Wi-Fi 660 gateways, and they're kind of mission critical for next generation in-home service. And those are the devices. There's one in particular. It's a very large service provider and customer who's doing that now, and this is pretty important for them to do it and do it quickly. So that demand is there. I think it's, you know, a lot of these service providers are frustrated in trying to get what they can get to be able to deliver on their mission critical delivery. So the demand, you're right, there's a lot of demand out there, especially with the service providers. But, you know, they're struggling to get parts to meet the demand they'd really like to see. So at some point, yeah, that could break out. That's going to depend on when the chip shortage starts to release its grip a little bit.
spk02: Yeah, and Tim, and some color to that as well. I agree and concur with Dave's assessment. We're seeing the demand, just like you mentioned, which is great. I mean, you're seeing the MSOs in particular keep on adding hundreds of subs, new subs. So the demand, you know, it's increasing. I think that Even with the chipset shortage issue, what's fortunate about AirGain is that, yes, we're going to get impacted to a certain extent, but we are working mostly on the consumer side with the major tier one service providers. And guess what? When they say chipset shortage issue, those guys have enough clouds out there that they're going to get the priority. So that's what's working for us, unlike some of the other guys out there, that we're actually working with the top guys. And, therefore, they always get the priority. So the impact is less versus the others.
spk03: Okay, got it. And thanks. And just going back to the discussion you were just having on the spiral of access, have you given any, you know, indications of, you know, When you think you might be bringing products to market, I might assume that's a 22 thing or beyond, or are we in too early a stage to be able to talk about that at this point?
spk06: Yes, so what you're going to see is probably towards the latter part of the year, we'll have a first flavor of what we would consider a product that's going to put us into trials. You know, it's not something that I would expect that's going to generate any significant revenue for air gain, and it's probably not a plane until probably the second half of 2022. But that being said, based on that product that we will have at the end of the year, you'll see other flavors that are targeting various operators, not only here in North America, but also worldwide.
spk03: Great. Thanks very much.
spk00: Thank you. And at this time, this concludes our question and answer session. If your question was not taken, you may contact AirGames Investor Relations at airg at gatewayir.com. I'd now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Suen for his closing remarks.
spk02: Thank you for joining us on today's call. We look forward to updating you on our next call. Up later.
spk00: Thank you for joining us today for Air Games first quarter 2021 earnings call. You may now disconnect.
Disclaimer

This conference call transcript was computer generated and almost certianly contains errors. This transcript is provided for information purposes only.EarningsCall, LLC makes no representation about the accuracy of the aforementioned transcript, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the information provided by the transcript.

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