Astera Labs, Inc.

number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply repress star one again. Thank you. I will now turn the call over to Leslie Green, Investor Relations for Astera Labs. Leslie, you may begin.

Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to the Astera Labs second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. Joining us on the call today are Jitendra Mohan, Chief Executive Officer, and co-founder, and Sanjay Gajendra, President and Chief Operating Officer and co-founder, and Mike Tate, Chief Financial Officer. Before we get started, I would like to remind everyone that certain comments made in this call today may include forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, expected future financial results, strategies and plans, future operations, and the markets in which we operate. These forward-looking statements reflect management's current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that are discussed in detail in today's earnings release and the periodic reports and filings we file from time to time with the SEC, including the risks set forth in the final perspective relating to our IPO. It is not possible for the company's management to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on these forward-looking statements or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the results, events, or circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements discussed during this call may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied. All of our statements are based on information available to management as of today, and the company undertakes no obligation to update such statements after the date of this call to conform to these as a result of new information, future events, or changes in our expectations, except as required by law. Also during this call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures, which we consider to be an important measure of the company's performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are provided in addition to and not as a substitute for or superior to financial results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A discussion of why we used non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures is available in the earnings release we issued today, which can be accessed through the investor relations portion of our website and also be included in our filings with the SEC, which will also be accessible through the investor relations portion of our website. With that, I would like to turn the call over to Jitendra Mohan. CEO of Astera Labs, Chitendra.

Thank you, Leslie. Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for joining our second quarter conference call for Fiscal 2024. AI continues to drive a strong investment cycle as entire industries look to expand their creative output and overall productivity. The velocity and dynamic nature of this investment in AI infrastructure is generating highly complex and diverse challenges for our customers. SRA Labs' intelligent and flexible connectivity solutions are developed ground up to navigate these fast-paced, complicated deployments. We are working closely with our hyperscaler customers to help them solve these challenges across diverse AI platform architectures that feature both third-party and internally developed accelerators. In addition to these favorable secular trends, we are also benefiting from new company-specific product cycles across multiple technologies which will also contribute to our growth in the form of higher average silicon content per AI platform. A strong leadership position and great execution by our team resulted in record revenue for Astera Labs in the June quarter, supports our strong outlook for the third quarter, and gives us confidence in our ability to continue outperforming industry growth rates. Astera Labs delivers strong Q2 results, setting our first consecutive record for quarterly revenue. strong non-GAAP operating margin and positive operating cash flows. Our revenue in Q2 was $76.9 million, up 18% from the previous quarter and up 619% from the same period in 2023. Non-GAAP operating margin was 24.4% and we delivered 13 cents of non-GAAP diluted earnings per share. Operating cash flow generation was also strong during the quarter, coming in at $29.8 million. With continued business momentum and a broadening set of growth opportunities, we are investing in our customers by rapidly scaling the organization. During the quarter, we expanded our cloud-scale interop lab to Taiwan and announced the opening of a new R&D center in India. We also announced the appointment of Bethany Mayer to our board of directors, bringing additional strategic leadership to the company. Today, Estera Labs is focused on three core technology standards, PCI Express, Ethernet and compute express link. We are shipping three separate product families, supporting these different connectivity protocols, all generating revenue and in various stages of adoption. Let me touch upon our business with each of these product families and how we support them with our differentiated architecture and Cosmos software suite. Then I will turn the call over to Sanjay to delve deeper into our growth strategy. Finally, Mike will provide additional details on our Q2 results and our Q3 financial guidance. First, let's talk about PCI Express. During the quarter, we saw continued strong demand for our Aries product family to drive reliable PCIe Gen 5 connectivity in AI systems by delivering robust signal integrity and link stability. While merchant GPU suppliers drove early adoption of PCIe Gen 5 into AI systems over the past year, we are now also seeing our hyperscaler customers introduce and ramp new AI server programs based upon their internally developed accelerators utilizing PCIe Gen 5. Looking ahead, AI accelerator processing power is continuing to increase at an incredible pace. The next milestone for the AI technology evolution is the commercialization of PCIe Gen 6, which doubles the connectivity bandwidth within AI servers creating new challenges for link reach, reliability, and latency. Our AD6 PCIe retimer family helps to solve these challenges with the next generation of our software-defined architecture, offering a seamless upgrade path to our widely deployed and field-tested Gen 5 solutions. We have started shipping initial quantities of pre-production orders of our PCIe Gen 6 solution, AD6. These shipments support our hyperscaler customers' initial program developments that are based on NVIDIA's Blackwell platform, including GB200. We look forward to supporting more significant production ramps in the quarters to come. Next, let's talk about Ethernet. Our portfolio of Taurus Ethernet smart cable modules helps relieve connectivity bottlenecks by overcoming reach, signal integrity, and bandwidth issues by enabling robust 100 gig per lane connectivity over copper cables, or AECs. Today, we are pleased to announce that our 400 gig Taurus Ethernet SCMs have shifted into volume production with an expected ramp through the back half of 2024. This ramp is happening across multiple platforms in multiple cable configurations, and we are working with multiple cable partners to support the expected volumes. Taurus will be ramping across a multitude of 400 gig applications to scale out connectivity on both AI compute platforms as well as general purpose compute systems. We are excited about the breadth and diversity of our Taurus design wins and expect the product family to be accretive to our corporate growth rate going forward. Next is Compute Express Link or CXL. We continue to work closely with our hyperscaler customers on a variety of use cases and applications for CXL. In Q2, we shipped material volume of our LEO products for pre-production rack scale deployment in data centers. We expect to see data center platform architects utilize CXL technology to solve memory bandwidth and capacity bottlenecks using our LEO family of products. The initial deployments are targeting memory expansion use cases with production ramps starting in 2025 when new CXL-capable CPUs are broadly available. Finally, I would like to spend a moment on Cosmos, which is a software platform that brings all of our product families together. We have discussed how Cosmos not only runs on our chips, but also on our customers' operating stacks to deliver seamless customization, optimization, and monitoring. The combination of our semiconductor and hardware solutions with Cosmos software enables our product to become the eyes and ears of connectivity infrastructure, helping fleet managers to ensure their AI and cloud infrastructure is operating at peak utilization. By improving the efficiency of their data centers, our customers are able to generate higher ROI and reduce downtime. To summarize, sustained secular trends in AI adoption, design wins across diverse AI platforms at hyperscalers, featuring both third-party and internally developed accelerators, and increasing average dollar content in next-generation GPU-based AI platforms gives us confidence in our ability to outperform industry growth rates. With that, let me turn the call over to our president and COO, Sanjay Gajendra, to discuss some of our recent product announcements and our long-term growth strategy. Thanks, Chitendra, and good afternoon, everyone.

We are pleased with our robust Q2 results and strong top-line outlook for Q3, but we're even more excited about the volume and breadth of opportunities that lie ahead. Today, I will focus on five growth vectors that we believe will help us to grow our business faster than industry growth rates over the long term. First, Estella Labs is in a unique position with design wins across diverse AI platform architectures featuring both third party and internally developed accelerators. This diversity gives us multiple paths to grow our business. This hybrid approach of using third party and internally developed accelerators allows hyperscalers to optimize their fleet to support unique workload requirements and infrastructure limitations while also improving capital investment efficiency. Intelligent connectivity platform with its flexible software-based architecture enables portability and seamless reuse between platforms while creating growth opportunities for all our product families. In addition to the third-party GPU platforms, we also expect to see several large deployments based on internally developed AI accelerators hitting production volume over the next few quarters and driving incremental PCIe and Ethernet volumes for us. Second, we see increasing content on next-generation AI platforms. NVIDIA's Blackwell GPU architecture is particularly exciting for us as we expect to see strong growth opportunities based on our design wins as hyperscalers compose solutions based on Blackwell GPUs, including GB200 across their data center infrastructure. To support various AI workloads, infrastructure challenges, software, power and cooling requirements, we expect multiple deployment variants for this new GPU platform. For example, NVIDIA cited 100 different configurations for Blackwell in their most recent earnings call. This growing trend of complexity and diversity presents an exciting opportunity for Estella Labs as our flexible silicon architecture and Cosmos software suite can be harnessed to customize the connectivity backbone for a diverse set of deployment scenarios. Overall, we expect our business to benefit from the Blackpool introduction with higher average dollar content of our products per GPU driven by a combination of increasing volumes and higher ASPs. The next growth vector is the broadening applications and use cases for our ARIES product family. ARIES is in its third generation now and represents the gold standard for PCIe retimers in the industry. The introduction of the new 86 retimers built upon the company's widely deployed and battle tested PCIe 5 retimers and the industry transition to PCIe Gen 6 will be a catalyst for increasing PCIe retimer content for Estera. our learning from hundreds of design events and production deployment over the last several years enables us to quickly deploy PCIe Gen 6 technology at scale. As Jitendra noted, we are now shipping initial quantities of pre-production volume for AD6 and currently have meaningful backlog in place to support the initial deployment of hyperscaler AI servers featuring NVIDIA's Blackwell GPUs, including GB200. We're also very excited about the incremental PCIe connectivity market expansion that will be driven by multi-rack GPU clustering. Similar to the dynamic within the Ethernet AEC business, the reach limitations of passive PCIe copper cables are a bottleneck for the number of GPUs that can be clustered together. Our purpose-built ARIES smart cable modules solve these issues by providing robust signal integrity and link stability over materially longer distances, improving rack airflow while actively monitoring and optimizing link health. This PCIe AAC opportunity is in the early stages of adoption and deployment. and we view the multi-rack GPU clustering application as a new and growing market opportunity for our ARIES product family. In June, we announced the industry's first demonstration of end-to-end PCIe optical connectivity to provide unprecedented reach for larger GPU clusters. We are proud to broaden our PCIe leadership once again by demonstrating robust PCIe links over optical interconnects between GPUs, CPUs, CXL memory devices, and other PCIe endpoints. This breakthrough expands our intelligent connectivity platform to allow customers to seamlessly scale and extend high bandwidth, low latency PCI interconnects over optics. Overall, we expect our Aries PCIe retimer business to deliver strong growth as system complexity, platform diversity, and speeds continue to increase, and on average result in higher retimer content per GPU in next-generation AI platforms. Next, in addition to the strong growth prospects of our Aries product family across the PCIe ecosystem, We are also seeing our tallest product family for Ethernet AEC application start to meaningfully contribute to the growth in the back half of 2024. What is exciting about these ramps is the diversity in applications and use cases. We are seeing demand for our tallest product family for both AI and general compute platforms. we are supporting the market with multiple cable configurations, including straight Y cables and X cables. We will be shipping volume into hyperscaler build-outs, supporting multiple cable vendors to enable a diverse supply chain that is crucial for hyperscalers. Overall, we are very excited about Taurus becoming yet another engine of growth as we look to expand the top line while also diversifying our product family contributions. Last but not least, CXL is an important technology to solve memory bandwidth and capacity bottlenecks in compute platforms. We are working closely with our hyperscaler partners to demonstrate various use cases for this technology and starting to deploy our Leo CXL controllers in pre-production racks in data centers. We have incorporated the learning, customization, and security requirement into our Cosmos software and have the most robust cloud-ready CXL solution in the industry. We have demonstrated that our Leo CXL smart memory controllers improve application performance and reduce TCO in compute platforms. Very importantly, we can accomplish many of these performance gains with zero application level software changes or upgrades. Overall, we remain very excited about the potential of CXL in data center applications. Finally, our close collaboration and front row seat with hyperscalers and AI platform providers continues to yield valuable insights regarding the direction of compute technologies and the connectivity topologies that will be required to support them. This close collaboration is helping us identify new product and business opportunities and additional engagement models across our entire intelligent connectivity platform, which we believe will drive strong long-term growth for Estera. With that, I will turn the call over to our CFO, Mike Tate, who will discuss our Q2 financial results and our Q3 outlook.

Thanks, Sanjay, and thanks to everyone for joining the call. This overview of our Q2 financial results and Q3 guidance will be on a non-GAAP basis. The primary difference in Astera Labs' non-GAAP metrics is stock-based compensation and its related income tax effects. Please refer to today's press release available on the investor relations section of our website for more details on both our GAAP and non-GAAP Q3 financial outlook, as well as a reconciliation of our GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures presented on this call. For Q2 of 2024, Astera Labs delivered record quarterly revenue of $76.9 million, which was up 18% from the previous quarter and 619% higher than the revenue in Q2 of 2023. During the quarter, we shipped products to all major hyperscalers and AI accelerator manufacturers. We recognized revenue across all three of our product families during the quarter, with the ARIES product being the largest contributor, benefiting from continued momentum and AI-based platforms. In Q2, Taurus revenues contributed to continue to primarily ship into 200-gig Ethernet-based systems, and we expect Taurus revenue to now diversify further as we begin to ship volume into 400-gig Ethernet-based systems in the third quarter. Q2 LEO revenues were largely from customers purchasing pre-production volumes for the development of their next-generation CXL-capable compute platforms. With our customers' production launch timing being dependent on the data center server CPU refresh cycle. Q2 non-GAAP gross margins was 78%. It was down 20 basis points compared to 78.2% in Q1 of 2024, and better than our guidance of 77%. Non-GAAP operating expenses for Q2 were 41.2 million, up from 35.2 million in the previous quarter, consistent with our guidance. Within non-GAAP operating expenses, R&D expenses was $27.1 million. Sales and market expense was $6.3 million. In general and administrative expenses was $7.8 million. Non-GAAP operating margin for Q2 was 24.4%. Interest income in Q2 was $10.3 million. Our non-GAAP tax provision was $6.8 million for the quarter, which represents a tax rate of 23% on a non-GAAP basis. Non-GAAP fully diluted share count for Q2 was 175.3 million shares, and our non-GAAP diluted earnings per share for the quarter was 13 cents. Cash flow from operating activities for Q2 was 29.8 million, and we ended the quarter with cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of just over $830 million. Now turning to our guidance for Q3 of fiscal 2024. We expect Q3 revenue to increase within a range of $95 million and $100 million, up roughly 24% to 30% sequentially from the prior quarter. We believe our ARIES product family will continue to be the largest component of revenue and will be the primary driver of sequential growth in Q3, driven by growing volume deployment with our customers' AI servers. We also expect our Taurus family to drive solid growth quarter over quarter as design wins within new 400-gig Ethernet-based systems ramp into volume production. We expect non-GAAP gross margins to be approximately 75%. The sequential decline in gross margin is being driven by an expected product mix shift towards hardware solutions during the quarter. We expect non-GAAP operating expenses to be in the range of approximately $46 million to $47 million. as we remain aggressive in expanding our R&D resource pool across headcount and intellectual property. Interest income is expected to be approximately $10 million. Our non-GAAP tax rate should be approximately 20%, and our non-GAAP fully diluted share count is expected to be approximately 177 million shares. Adding this all up, we are expecting non-GAAP fully diluted earnings per share of a range of approximately 16 cents to 17 cents. This concludes our prepared remarks, and once again, we are very much appreciative of everyone joining the call, and now we will open the line for questions. Operator?

Thank you. At this time, I would like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. We'll take our first question from Harlan Sir at JPMorgan.

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question, and congratulations on the strong results. During the quarter, lots of concerns around your large GPU customer and one of their next generation GPU SKUs, the GB200. Glad that the team could clarify that your dollar content across all Blackwell GPU SKUs is actually rising versus prior generation Hopper. But as you guys mentioned, AI ASIC accelerator mix is rapidly rising. Actually, we believe outgrowing GPUs both this year and accounting for like 50% of the XPU mix sort of next year, right? And with ASICs, it's 100% PCIe based. And as you pointed out, right, many of these ASIC customers are still in the early stages of the ramp. So given all of this, given some of the new product ramps with your AEC solution, you know, what's the team's visibility and confidence level? on driving continued quote-on-quote growth from here, maybe over the next several quarters?

Arun, thank you so much for the question. It's great to be in the place that we are here today. We feel very confident about what is to come. Clearly, we don't guide more than one quarter out, so please don't take this as any guidance. But we really believe that we are in the early innings of AI here. All of the hyperscalers are increasing their CapEx targets for the rest of the year. 2025 is expected to be even higher. We heard that the LAMA model required 10 times more compute in order to solve that. So all of these trends are basically driving a radical shift in technology. We are seeing, as you correctly pointed out, a lot of our hyperscaler customers ramp their internally developed AI accelerators in addition to deploying third-party AI accelerators. And we are very pleased that we have designed with across all of these different platforms. Our customers are ramping the platform and we are ramping multiple product families. As Sanjay mentioned, both Aries and Taurus are ramping into these new platforms. So we feel very good about what is in store for the future and feel that with the rising content on a per GPU basis, we'll be able to outpace the market growth in the long term.

I appreciate that. And on top of the strong AI demand trend pulls on top of the new product ramps that you guys articulated today. You know, one thing I haven't baked in to my model is the penetration of your retimer technology into general purpose servers, right? And the good news is that we're finally starting to see the flash vendors aggressively bringing, finally bringing gen five PCIe SSDs to the market. which could potentially unlock some retimer opportunities in general-purpose servers where the Gen 5 retimer content today is still zero. So what's the team's outlook? Do you see that there may be some penetration starting in 2025 of your retimer solution into general-purpose server, and maybe if you could size that potential opportunity for us?

Absolutely. Harlan Sanjay here. Good to hear your voice. Yeah, so in general, that's a correct statement. We have several design wins on the compute side. Just for reasons like you highlighted, either SSDs not being Gen 5 ready or for dollars being sort of sucked away into the AI platforms, there has been a slower than expected growth on the general compute. But at some point, like we keep saying, the servers are going to fall off the rack at some point, given how long they've been in the fleet. So we do expect the general compute to start picking up, especially as both AMD and Intel get to production with the Turin and the Granite Rapids-based CPUs. So overall, 2025, we do expect that the compute platform will start figuring in terms of being meaningful revenue growth. Like I noted, we do have design events already in these platforms for 83-timers. also i would like to add that we do have design wins for our taurus ethernet module application as well in general compute so we should see sort of the the two engine growth story along the general compute to go along with all of the things we shared on ai both for third party or merchant gpus as well as the big change that we're seeing now is the ramp in the internally developed accelerators, those things being a meaningful and a significant driver for our group. Oh, thank you.

We'll move next to Joe Moore at Morgan Stanley.

Great, thank you. I wonder if you could talk about the competitive dynamics within PCI Gen 5 retimers. Are you seeing any, you know, a number of people have qualified solutions in China and in the US? Are you seeing any encroachment there? And then in terms of PCI Gen 6, can you talk about the prospects for when you start to see volume there?

Absolutely. Let me take that, Joe. So overall, this is a big and growing market. I think that fact is clear. I mean, the fact that you have larger names jumping into the mix sort of validates the market that the retimer Now, a couple of points to keep in mind is that connectivity products, especially PCI Express, tends to have a certain nuance to it, which is the fact that we are the device in the middle. We're always in between GPUs, storage, networking, and so on. And interoperation, especially at high-volume cloud-scale deployment, becomes critical. So what we have done in the last three, four years is really work shoulder to shoulder with our hyperscaler and AI platform providers to ensure that the interoperation is met. The platform level deployment, whether it is diagnostic, telemetry, firmware management, is all addressed, including the Cosmos software that we provide from a management, fleet management and diagnostics type of capability. Those all have been integrated into our customers' operating stacks. So in general, the picture I'm trying to paint here is that the tribal knowledge that we have built, the penetration that we have, not just with the silicon, but also software, does give us a significant advantage compared to our competitors. Now, having said that, You know, we will continue to work hard. We have several design wins for PCIe Gen 6 like we shared in today's call that are all designed around the next generation GPU platforms, specifically the Blackwell-based GPUs from NVIDIA, which are publicly noted to support Gen 6. So we'll continue to work through them. We are currently shipping pre-production volume to support some of the initial ramps, including for GB200-based platforms. So overall, we feel good about the position that we are in, both in terms of Gen 5, as well as transitioning the design into Gen 6 as the platforms develop and grow.

Great. Thank you.

We'll move next to Blaine Curtis at Jefferies LLC.

Hey, thanks for taking my question. I just want to ask you, in terms of the September outlook, you talked about meaningful revenue from AEC. I mean, I think the other point was the gross margin was because of mix, which I'm assuming is because of that ramp. But just trying to size it, I know you don't break out the segments, but if you can kind of just give us some broad strokes as to how much of the growth is coming from retimers or series in September.

Yeah, Blaine, the margins will come down to show more hardware versus silicon. So TORS is definitely one of those drivers. Also, we do modules on the ARIES side, and we're seeing growth in both of those. So when you look at the growth guidance we're giving in third quarter, you know, you have the contribution from TORS, you have the incremental modules on ARIES, but also we're seeing a lot of growth just from Ares Gen 5 going into AI servers and a lot of new platforms and the platforms generally are getting more content per platform. So when you look at the growth, I think it's kind of balanced between those three, those three drivers largely.

Gotcha. Thanks. And then I want to ask on the Gen 6 adoption, you know, moving from pre-production to production, you know, the the main GPU in the market supports Gen 6. I think the CPUs that would talk Gen 6 are going to be a bit of a way, over your way. So I'm just kind of curious, the catalyst there, do you expect Gen 6 to be in the market next year, even if there's not CPUs that kind of speak Gen 6?

Yeah, Blaine, that's a great observation. Let me say that as these compute platforms get more and more powerful to address these growing AI models, The only way to keep them fed, to keep these GPUs utilized, is to get more and more data in and out of these platforms. So in the past, the CPUs played a very central role in terms of navigating, in terms of being the conduit for all of this information. But with the new accelerated compute architecture, CPU is largely an orchestration of a control engine for the most part. It does do a few other things. But in general, you are trying to get the data in and out of the GPU using the scale out and scale up networks that are made up of either PCI Express, Ethernet, or unwilling protocols. And as these protocols go faster and faster, we end up seeing more and more demand for the product that we have. And as a result, as these new systems get deployed, we see higher content for us on a per GPU basis. And it's largely to improve the GPU utilization through these increased data rates.

Thanks so much. And if I can add one more point, you didn't quite directly ask this for the September quarter growth. I do want to be abundantly clear on one point, which is the growth that we are forecasting for September quarter is based upon not just the tourist ramping, but all of the additional production ramps that we're seeing for both the third-party platforms but also internally developed accelerators. That is what is modeling and driving the growth that we're highlighting for September, although there may be other things that you can look at the overall stuff.

We'll move to our next question from Tom O'Malley at Barclays.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Congrats on the nice results. I just wanted to ask a broader network architecture question. So you talked a little bit more about PCIe over optical. And when you look at the back end today, I think there's a lot of efforts to improve the Ethernet offering as it compares to kind of the leader in the market. as they kind of expand MVLink. Could you talk about when you see the inflection point with PCIe over optical kind of being the majority of the back end? Is that something that's coming sooner? Just kind of the timeframe there, and then just explain a little further. I think you mentioned that it comes with a lot of additional retiming content when you use those cables. Just anything additional there, and then I have a follow-up.

Yeah, let me take that. This is Jitendra, Tom. The architectures for AI systems are definitely evolving. And actually, I would say they're evolving at a very rapid pace. Different customers use different architectures to craft their systems. If you look at NVIDIA-based systems, they do use NVLink, which is, of course, a proprietary closed interface. The rest of the world largely uses protocols that are either PCI Express or Ethernet, or they're based on PCI Express and Ethernet. And the choice of particular protocol is really dependent upon the infrastructure that the hyperscalers have and how they choose to deploy this technology. Clearly, we play in both. Our Taurus Ethernet smart cable modules support Ethernet, and now with our ARIES smart cable modules, we are able to support PCI Express as well. If you think about the evolution, we started with ARIES retimers for driving mostly within-the-box connectivity and shorter-distance connectivity over passive cables. As these networking architectures evolved and you needed to cluster more GPUs together, we went with the AD Smart Cable modules that allow you to connect multiple racks together up to seven meters of copper cables. And as it expands into even further distances, we go into optical, where we demonstrated running a very popular GPU over 50 meters of optical fiber. So these are all of the tools that we are making available to our hyperscaler partners for them to craft their solutions and deploy AI at a data center scale.

Helpful. As a follow-up, I know this is a bit of a tougher question, but I do think that there's a lot of confusion out there and just would appreciate your thoughts. You mentioned in the prepared remarks, you know, hundreds of different types of deployment styles for the GE200. Obviously, certain hyperscalers are going to do it their way, and then certain hyperscalers are going to take what's called the kind of entire system, so the 36 or the 72, Can you talk about your assumptions for what you think will be the percentage that goes towards the full system and then kind of towards the hyperscalers that use kind of their own methods and talk about the content opportunities that they would kind of play out in those two scenarios? I do think that NVIDIA and others are talking potentially about more systems than historical, but just maybe the puts and takes upon how different hyperscalers will architect systems and what it means for your content. Thank you.

Yeah, great questions. And as you pointed out, a lot of moving food species, obviously, right? But here is, I think, what we know and what we can comment on. First of all, all the hyperscalers are indeed deploying new AI platforms that are based on merchant silicon or third-party accelerators, as well as their own accelerators. And overall, we do expect our retimer content to go up. Now, if you double-click specifically on NVIDIA, or the Blackwell system, it comes in many, many different flavors. If you think about the overall Blackwell platform, it is really pushing the technology boundaries. And what that is doing is it's creating more challenges for the hyperscalers, whether it is power delivery or thermals, software complexities or connectivity. As these systems grow bigger, they run faster, become more complex, we absolutely think that the need for retimers goes up. And that drives our content higher on a per GPU basis. Now, it is harder to predict which particular platform will have what kind of share. That's not really our business to predict. What we are doing is we are supporting our customers, our AI platform providers, as well as hyperscalers, to make sure that these kind of high-tech platforms can be deployed as easily as possible. And at the end of the day, what you will find is hyperscalers will have to either adapt their data centers to these new technologies, or they'll have to adapt this new technology to their data centers. And that creates a great opportunity for our products. We already have design wins across multiple form factors of hyperscaler GPUs, as well as the third-party GPUs. And overall, we expect our business to continue to grow strongly. Very exciting times for us. Thank you very much.

Our next question comes from Tor Spanberg at Stiefel Nicholas.

Yes, good afternoon. This is Jeremy calling for Tori. And let me also add my congratulations on a very strong quarter and outlook. A couple of questions. First, could you provide maybe a revenue breakout between your three product segments here? I'm not sure if that was covered at all.

Yeah, we don't break out specifically the revenue by product, but like we said on the call, the Q2 revenues was driven heavily by the AI growth for Gen 5 and the broadening out of our design portfolio. When you look into Q3, it's, you know, the three main drivers are the initial torus ramp in the 400 gig, the broadening out of AI servers for Gen 5 in both the merchant as well as internally developed accelerator programs. And then also we're doing back-end clustering with our ARIES FCM module. So when you look at that, those three drivers are mainly giving us the growth in Q3.

Great. And I guess maybe looking more into the LEO CXO, I understand you're shipping pre-production. When are you expecting to see more of a material ramp for LEO?

So in terms of material ramp, it's a function of CPUs being available that support CXL 2.0. So we are, of course, tracking the announcements from AMD and Intel to essentially get to production in the second half of this year for Turin and Granite Rapids. So in general, these things will take a little time in terms of engineering those things into platforms. So what we are guiding is 2025 is when we expect production ramps to pick up on CXO.

Great. Thank you. And if I could just squeeze one last question in. Can you give us maybe a sense of your revenue and how it might break out between modules and standalone retimers? Is there a way to kind of look at revenues in that way and how that can impact your SAM growth over time? Thank you.

Yeah. Taurus predominantly is modules. ARIES, we're doing the backend clustering of GPUs with modules predominantly. But the bulk of the revenues is standalone re-timers in that product family. Once it ramps, we'll do add-in cards and silicon, but they'll be heavily skewed towards silicon.

We'll move next to Quinn Bolton at Needham & Company.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I guess maybe a follow-up just on the Blackwell question. Looks like there have been some recent architectural or system-level changes at NVIDIA. with sort of the introduction of the GB200A that looks like it uses PCI Express to connect the GPUs and the CPUs, and perhaps a de-emphasis in the HGX platforms. Just wondering if you see any shifts in content, if that's favorable, if it's about a wash going from one platform to the other. And then I've got to follow up.

Yeah, thank you, Quinn. Unfortunately, it would not be appropriate for us to kind of comment on rumors and third-party information that seems to be circulating around. What we will say is that we are committed to whatever platform our customers want to deploy. Whether it's a full rack or it's an SGX server or something in between, we are working with them very, very closely, shoulder to shoulder every day. As Sanjay mentioned, we already have multiple design wins in the Backwell family. including the GB200. We are shipping initial quantities of pre-production to the early adopters. And we do have backlog in place that serves the Blackwell platform, including GB200.

Got it.

Okay. Thank you for that.

And just maybe a clarification on the Taurus 400 gig ramp, as well as the Ares SEM ramps. Are those ramping across multiple hyperscalers or are they driven by a lead hyperscaler initially and then you would expect a broadening out to other hyperscalers as we move into 2025?

Okay, good question. Let me take that. So if you think about AECs, in general, 800 gig, you know, where you're running 100 gig per lane, is the first broad use case that we believe for AEC applications. If you look at data rates lower than that, let's say 400 gig and so on, it tends to be very frankly, case by case, depends on the topology application and so on. So the good thing about the design events we have is that these scale across multiple platforms, both from an AI and general compute standpoint and supporting various different topologies. And the revenue drivers that we are essentially highlighting for 3Q and beyond is based on supporting these applications. With 800 gig, it becomes much more broader with several different customers essentially requiring AACs.

And is it similar for the ARIES SCMs for backend clustering as well?

Exactly. It depends on the topology for what it is in terms of how the backend networks are designed for the AI subsystems. In general, all of this, when it comes to active cabling type of technology, it becomes case-by-case depending on the infrastructure and how exactly systems are being put together compared to a component like a PCIe retimer that goes across a broad array of use cases across multiple different deployment scenarios. So that's a nuance to keep in mind when you look at AAC markets. Got it. Thank you. Yeah, but still the volume and the deployment scale tends to be very broad, right, if you're looking at how infrastructures are being put together. So it is one of those things where you look at case by case, but as long as you're able to, you know, address a wide variety of applications, it does very significantly add up.

We'll take our next question from Ross Seymour at Deutsche Bank.

Hi, guys. Thanks for my asking question. Apologies to go back to one that's been hit on a couple times, so I want to do it nonetheless and kind of the Blackwell topic and the content topic. You guys gave us the punchline that you believe your content on average will go up per GPU generation to generation. It also seems like you're getting across that the customization of it is still very broad-based, and so just looking at the vanilla system SKUs and reference design NVIDIA itself has might be misleading. Two part question of this are you have the belief that your content is equal across the board in the same way it wasn't hopper or do things get more skewed. Where there'll be places we all have a significant step up in content and some configurations and others will you'd have a significant step down and the difference between those two might be where investors are getting a little bit confused.

Let me try to add a little bit more color on that. But before I do that, let me give you and remind two data points we've already covered in the Q&A so far. First point, let's be very clear that our PCIe retimer content per GPU on average will continue to grow as the AI systems scales across various different topologies. And this applies to both third party, like standard merchant GPUs, as well as internally developed GPUs. The second reminder that I want to kind of note is that specifically for Blackwell, we expect our PCI content per GPU to go up. Now, what you're asking is specifically about the deployment scenarios, which right now it's evolving, right? So we have design events. for several different topologies, including the GB200. But if you look at the various different options that NVIDIA is offering and how those are being composed and considered by the hyposcalers, that situation is evolving at the moment. The key message that we want to deliver is that overall our PCI content is going to be higher than the hopper generation. We expect that the design wins that we're starting to see and we're starting to ship from a production, pre-production standpoint are all meaningful. That will essentially allow us to continue to have a robust growth engine as far as our PCIe retimer business is concerned.

Thanks for that. I guess as a follow-up, you guys have focused more on this call about the internally developed accelerators than you have in calls in the past, and I realize there haven't been too many since your IPO, but are you trying to get across the key message that those are really growing as a percentage of your mix, that those are penetrating the market and kind of catching up and taking relative share from the GPU side of things? Or is your commentary meant to get across that Astera itself with its read timers and other components will take significant share in that kind of ASIC market relative to the GPU side?

Yeah, it's probably both, to be honest with you. In the sense that we do see it, it's no secret, right? I think many of the hyperscalers are doing their own accelerators, which are driven by the workloads or the business models that they pursue. I think that will continue as a macro trend in terms of internally developed accelerators going hand-in-hand with GPUs that are available from NVIDIA or AMD or others. So that's the model that we believe will be here to stay, that high-grid approach. And for us, really, the reason we are highlighting is that, of course, we have had a significant business that has grown in the last year or two years from the designs that we have been supporting with the merchant GPU deployments that have happened. But at the same time, now we're reaching a point where the accelerator volumes are also starting to ramp up. And for us, the good news is that we are on all the major AI accelerator platforms from a design wind standpoint, or at least all the major ones that are out there. And for us, we have multiple paths to grow our business. And that is a very positive thing that we believe will continue to allow us to keep delivering the kind of results that we're doing. And as new CPU, GPU architectures come about, just like the NVIDIA's Blackwell platform, we do expect to gain from it both on the retimer content as well as other products that we can service to the space. Thank you.

We'll take our next question from Richard Shannon at Craig Callan Capital Group.

Well, hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe a question on on peace express gen six here last call you talked about some of the wins uh designs being decided in the next 69 months or obviously three to six months um uh you know three more three more months farther forward here obviously you've got some wins already on gen six but i just want to get a sense of of the share of the market kind of looking backwards um how much of that market has been decided versus up for grabs if you can help characterize what's left here to win in the next three to six months

I'm trying to see how best to answer that question. Let me try to provide some color. Design in Windows is whatever. For these platforms, you're looking at once GPUs become available, you're looking at six to 12 months before they go to production. That's one thing to keep in mind. Also, think about how hyperscalers go about doing their stuff. Everyone is is in an arms race right now getting to production as quickly as possible in many different situations you know resources are also limited meaning for every 10 engineers that they may need they might have two or three just given the number of platforms and how quickly everyone is trying to move and and to that standpoint what is happening is that many of these engineers are familiar with our gen 5 retimers they've designed it across multiple platforms. They've built software tools and capabilities around it. And now our Gen 6 retimers are essentially a seamless upgrade from a software standpoint, from a hardware standpoint. So it does offer the lowest risk and fastest path to our customers. And that plays well within their own objectives of trying to get something out quickly and dealing with resources that might not be available at the levels that are required. So overall, we are starting to gain from it, and we are essentially, you know, being the leader in the space, being the one that is getting the first crack at these opportunities, and we are doing everything we can to convert those things into design and revenue.

Okay, great. My follow-on question is a pretty simple one, just looking at the Taurus line here. Great to see the ramp here at 400 gig, and I don't want uh you know uh get get too far ahead of of what looks to be a pretty nice ramp here in the second half of the year but I think you've talked about the 800 gig generation ramping later in 2025. any update on that timing and how are your design design ones looking so far yeah good question so the the 800 gig timing we believe is going to be late in 2025. right now what we are seeing is uh

400 gig applications for some of the AI systems, as well as actually we are seeing them for general purpose compute as well, where you are doing the traditional server to top of the rack connection. So that will continue on for the rest of this year for 400 gig deployments. And then as we get some of the newer NICs that are capable of 100 gig and 200 gig per lane, et cetera, try to get to 800 gig, is where we see broadening of this market and more deployments across different hyperscalers across different platforms in the later half of 2025.

Okay, great. Thanks, guys.

We'll go next to Suji Da Silva at Roth Capital.

Hi, Jitendra, Sandra, and Mike. Congrats on the progress here. This question may not have been asked explicitly, but can you give us a relative content framework for internally developed versus third party processors, accelerators. Is it higher for internally developed on average, or is it hard to generalize like that?

I would say it's a little bit hard to generalize. It varies quite a bit. Even one particular platform, you can have different form factors. Even if you look at, let's say, Blackwell, you have SGX, you have MGX, you have NBLs, you have custom racks that are getting deployed. And if you look at each one of them, you'll find different amount of contacts. Number of retimers will vary. Where they get placed will vary. But what is very consistent is that the overall content does go up for us. Now, the other factor to consider is the choice of backend network. Again, for example, if you look at the Blackwell family, they use NVLink, which is a closed proprietary standard, which we do not participate in. But when somebody uses a PCI Express or PCI Express-based protocol as their backend connectivity, then our content goes up pretty significantly because now we are shipping not only our but also the smart cable, AD smart cable modules into that application. Similarly, if the back-end interconnect is Ethernet, that will benefit our Taurus family of product lines. So it really varies greatly on what the architecture is of the platform and what form factor is getting deployed in.

Okay. Okay, great. That's a very helpful color. Thanks. And then just a quick follow-up here. Was there something inherent in the Blackwell transition from Hopper that made this much platform diversification and architecture diversification possible? Or was it just the hyperscalers getting more sophisticated about what they're trying to do? Or was it availability of things like Astera's PCI products? Any color there would be helpful as to how this kind of proliferation of architecture kind of came about.

I mean, if you look at the Blackwell family, it's like a marvel of technology. The amount of content that is being pushed into that platform is incredible. And as I mentioned earlier, that does create other problems, right? There is so much compute packed in such small space that delivering power to those racks, to those GPUs themselves and the CPUs is the challenge. How to cool them becomes a challenge. And the fact is that the modern data centers are just not equipped to handle many of these issues. So what the hyperscalers are doing is they're taking these broad platforms, the raw technology, and trying to adapt it so that it fits into their data centers. And that's where we see a lot of opportunity for our existing products, the ones that we've talked about, as well as some new products that we've been working on. Again, shoulder to shoulder with our hyperscaler and AI platform customers. So very excited to see how these new platforms will get rolled out, including Blackwell, including the hyperscaler internal AI platforms and the increased content that we have there. Okay, so Blackwell pushed the envelope.

Great, thanks for the call there.

And finally, we'll move to Quim Bolton at Needham and Company.

Hey, guys, just a quick follow-up. I know you had a potential for an early lockup expiring Thursday morning. Just wanted to see if you guys could confirm, are we still within... the 10-day measuring period so that you could trigger that early lockup? Or does the release of second quarter results sort of end that period and we're now looking at a September 16th lockup expiration? Thank you.

Yeah, the release of our earnings today releases a lockup that opens up on Thursday.

It does open Thursday. Okay. Thank you. The earning lockup already expired long ago.

And there are no further questions at this time. I will turn the call back over to Leslie Green for closing remarks.

Thank you, everyone, for your participation and questions. We look forward to updating you on our progress during our Q3 earnings conference call later this fall. Thank you.

And this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.