Aqua Metals, Inc.

An answer session will follow the presentation. You may submit questions via the webcast at any time by using the ask a question field on the left side of your screen. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Please note that this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to Bob Myers, Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.

Thank you, operator, and thank you, everybody, for joining. Earlier today, Aqua Metals issued a press release. providing an operational update and discussing financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31st, 2024. This release is available in the investor relations section on the company's website at aquametals.com. Hosting the call today are Steve Cotton, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Judd Merrill, Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I would like to remind participants that during the call, management will be making forward-looking statements. Please refer to the company's report on Form 10-K filed today, March 31st, for a summary of the forward-looking statements and the risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results that differ materially from those forward-looking statements. Aqua Metals cautions investors not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. The company does not undertake and specifically disclaims any obligation to update or revise such statements to reflect new circumstances or unanticipated events as they occur, except as required by law. As a reminder, after the formal remarks, we will be taking questions. Questions will be accepted over the phone from analysts, and all other investors can submit a question using the online webcast portal provided in today's and earlier press releases. We will take as many questions as we can in our available time slot. And with that, I'd like to turn the call over to Steve Cotton, CEO of Aqua Metals. Steve, the call is yours.

Thank you, Bob, and good afternoon, everyone. I appreciate you joining AquaMetal's fourth quarter and full year 2024 earnings call. I'm Steve Cotton, President and CEO of AquaMetals. Today, I'll provide a detailed update on our operations, strategic progress, and how we are positioning AquaMetals for meaningful advancement in 2025. These remarks will cover our technology validation, product milestones, commercialization strategy, financial positioning, and our broader vision for scaling critical battery material production right here in the U.S. 2024 was a year marked by resilience, focus, and adaptation. In a macroeconomic environment challenged by falling battery metal prices and tight capital markets, we took proactive steps to conserve cash, validate our technology, engage potential partners, and refine our strategy for scalable, capital-efficient deployment. We set out with three primary goals this year. First, to prove the repeatability and reliability of our lithium aqua refining technology. Second, deepen and expand commercial partnerships that will support long-term operations. And third, lay the groundwork for scaling operations through flexible, partner-centric models that minimize our capital intensity while maximizing impact. We successfully operated our lithium aqua refining pilot plant for over the whole year, including a three-week continuous 24 by 7 endurance run completed in December. This operational milestone further demonstrated the reliability and efficiency of our process at the pilot scale. The system was consistently delivering impressive recovery rates and high purity for lithium, cobalt, and nickel, for which we have provided the samples to potential partners and customers globally. In addition, independent analysts have shown that our patented aqua refining process produces 83% less CO2 than traditional hydrometallurgical recycling methods. During our December endurance run, we produced more than 600 pounds of battery-grade lithium carbonate at purity levels exceeding 99.5%. That's not just lab-scale production. It's representative product at a scale and quantity that few, if any others in the U.S., are matching today. We've delivered these samples to multiple cathode active material or CAM producers, and we're encouraged by the positive feedback and engaging feedback and the ongoing testing of our material for use in NMC, lithium iron phosphate, and other battery chemistries. In another major achievement, we worked with a downstream CAM partner to convert recycled domestic nickel into cathode active material, a significant milestone for the domestic industry. That material is now under validation with several leading battery manufacturers in the U.S. and in Asia. This is a major proof point for our vision of a closed-loop battery materials supply chain where end-of-life batteries feed directly back into the creation of new ones. As we look to scale our impact, we've evolved our commercialization strategy to reflect both the opportunities and the realities of today's markets. While our Sierra ARC facility remains a well-prepared and valuable asset, its completion remains on hold pending further financing. We continue to actively engage with potential capital partners and strategic partners to bring it online when conditions align, but we are not waiting for that singular project to move forward. We are executing a nimble diversified strategy to bring ARC refining to commercial scale. We are also prioritizing co-location opportunities where we can deploy our technology alongside existing recycling or battery manufacturing operations to reduce logistics costs and accelerate time to revenue. Toll processing models, where we process feedstock on behalf of partners who already control materials but need a clean, efficient way to recover the critical metals. Licensing and joint ventures. These allow partners to deploy our proven op refining technologies within their own facilities, expanding our reach without heavy capital outlays. We're currently in active discussions with multiple parties across these models. Each model represents in and of itself a direct path to commercial deployment that aligns with our mission and technology advantages. Our partnership with 6K Energy remains a flagship example of our ability to form commercial alliances that support closed-loop battery material supply chains. Under our agreement, AquaMetals will provide up to 30% of the recycled content for 6Ks domestic cathode manufacturing facility, a major achievement for U.S. clean energy infrastructure. This agreement is helping to define how domestic circularity for battery materials can become a reality, and we are actively working with 6K as both companies progress their strategic objectives and plans for commercial-scale facilities. In parallel, we've continued advancing negotiations on feedstock and offtake agreements that will support operations in any commercial deployment, Whether at Sierra Arc or elsewhere, these conversations are integral to de-risking the ramp of future facilities and ensuring a stable revenue model as we scale. We strengthened our financial position in 2024 with a mix of insider-supported equity and strategic cost management. We raised approximately $15 million during the year, with over two-thirds of the funding coming from AquaMetal's leadership and board in our $1.5 million bridge note. This internal direct financial investment underscores our individual and collective confidence in the direction we're heading. We also secured an up to $2.2 million tax abatement from the state of Nevada based on the projected economic and employment impacts of our recycling operations. This recognition reflects our contribution to Nevada's emerging ecosystem and broader clean energy economy. Additionally, We arranged interim bridge financing again with strong insider participation to maintain momentum across our development and partnership initiatives while we pursue long-term project financing and strategic capital options. Our technology and execution continued to earn validation from government and industry partners. We were honored to be selected by the U.S. Department of Energy for the ACME Revive program. A national initiative to support domestic critical mineral recovery and circular supply chains. Environment plus energy leader also named our aqua refining process that quote top project of 2024 unquote citing its environmental benefits. Innovation and scalability potential closer to home, we were also recognized as a finalist for the best places to work in northern Nevada. notably the only lithium-focused company in the lithium state to earn that distinction. We also expanded our board of directors, adding experienced leaders from the battery and finance sectors who bring valuable insight and relationships that are already informing our strategies and our tactics. As we move into 2025, Aqua Metals is focused on translating technology success into commercial deployment. That means advancing co-location and licensing opportunities, financing feedstock and offtake agreements that underpin all commercial operations, securing strategic funding that enables execution while preserving shareholder value, continuing to produce and supply battery-grade recycled materials from our pilot facility as part of customer validation and partnership development. We believe this approach allows us to scale smartly, partner effectively, and meet a growing and critical need in the U.S. for domestically produced low-carbon battery materials in state-of-the-art facilities that can create desirable and lasting jobs for the communities they operate in. I want to close by thanking the AquaMetals team. Their determination, creativity, and commitment made this year's accomplishments possible. I also want to thank our partners, our board, and our shareholders for their ongoing support and continued belief in our mission. We have the technology, the talent, and the partnerships to lead in clean battery metal recovery. With a flexible capital efficient plan in motion, we're positioned to make 2025 a breakout year. With that, I'll turn it over to Judd for a discussion of our financials.

Thanks, Steve. Let me start my comments with our balance sheet. We ended the quarter with total cash of approximately $4.1 million, higher than the previous quarter and an indication of management's focus on maintaining our cash position. Subsequent to year-end, we received the remaining $100,000 from Linaco related to the year-end receivable. CapEx was largely unchanged from the prior quarter. Towards the end of 2024, we shifted our strategic focus to prioritizing lithium carbonate production alongside mixed hydroxide precipitate. This decision aimed to reduce capital and operational intensity while enabling a larger-scale facility with higher revenue and improved margins than the previous design. As a result of this strategic shift, at December 31, 2024, the company recognized an impairment of approximately $2.6 million related to vendor equipment deposits for equipment THAT WAS INITIALLY REQUIRED FOR PHASE ONE OF THE RECYCLING CAMPUS AT THE SIERRA ARC, BUT IS NO LONGER NEEDED UNDER THE REVISED PLAN. FINALLY, ON THE BALANCE SHEET, WE RECOGNIZE THE WARRANT LIABILITY RELATED TO WARRANTS ISSUED LAST YEAR. THE WARRANT LIABILITY WAS INITIALLY RECORDED AT A FAIR VALUE OF 986,000 AND SUBSEQUENTLY REMEASURED TO 1.5 MILLION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024. THE CHANGE IN FAIR VALUE OF and 7,000 was recognized as a non-cash expense within interest expense in the income statement for the year ended December 31st, 2024. I will now move on to the income statement. Plant operations increased approximately 931,000 or 15% for the 12 months ended December 31st, 2024 as compared to the 12 months ended December 31st, 2023. This increase was primarily driven by approximately $758,000 rise in payroll and related fees as we hired additional staff to operate the pilot facility, process black mass, and build out our commercial facility during the first seven months of the year. Subsequent to this, and by the fourth quarter, our payroll and related fees expense were significantly lower. Our 2025 expenses will also be lower. General and administrative expense increased approximately 329,000, or 3%, for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 12 months ended December 31, 2023. And we also expect 2025 G&A expenses to be lower than the prior year. We recognized interest expense of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. and $621,000 for the year ended December 31st, 2023. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the $507,000 change in fair value of the warrant liability, which I have just previously explained. Our net loss for the 12 months ended December 31st, 2024 was approximately $24.6 million or a negative $3.83 per basic and diluted share compared to a net loss of $24 million or a negative $5.10 per basic and diluted share for 2023. Now moving on to the cash flow statement. Net cash used in operating activities during each of these periods consisted primarily of our net loss adjusted for non-cash items, such as depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation charges, as well as changes in working capital. Our net cash used in investing operations, primarily included fixed assets, acquisitions, deposits for net fixed asset purchases, and proceeds received from the note receivable. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, consisted of approximately $5 million in net proceeds from the sale of aqua metal shares pursuant to the ATM, 1.5 million in net proceeds from the loan agreement entered into on December 18, 2024, and approximately 7.3 million in net proceeds from our May 2024 public offering offset by other miscellaneous financing items. Our primary financing options remain the same, project finance and debt-based financing. These structures will support our expansion and strategic initiatives and we continue to see them as the best pathways for funding our growth. However, we now have even greater confidence as we pursue these options thanks to enhanced economics resulting from our revised plant architecture and streamlined product set. By refining our plant architecture, we have reduced capital expenditure requirements while maintaining efficiency and scalability. This, coupled with a simplified project product portfolio has led to improved contribution margins, a key factor in increasing the attractiveness of our financial model to lenders and investors. These changes not only strengthen our cash flow, but also position us for more favorable financing terms. We are actively engaged with our financing partners to capitalize these improvements, ensuring that our funding strategy aligns with our goals while maintaining financial discipline. We remain committed to prudent capital allocation and optimizing our cost structure. As we move forward, we will continue to assess market conditions and evaluate additional financing opportunities as they arise. That concludes my remarks on the company financials. I will now turn it back over to the moderator for Q&A.

Thank you. And at this time, we'll conduct our question and answer session. If you'd like to ask a question on the phone, press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question from the queue. As a reminder, you can submit your questions also via the web by typing them in the ask a question feature on the left side of your screen.

One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Our first question comes from Mickey Legg with the Benchmark Company. Please say your question.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. I know you were just giving some comments on this, Judd, but if there's any other additional comments or color you could provide on your plans for long-term financing and the options you're considering, if there's anything you could tell us just about how those discussions, you know, are progressing or what stage they're in, that that would be helpful. Thanks.

Yeah. Thanks, Mickey, for your question. And as I said, kind of in my prepared remarks, you know, we are focused on what we think is the best for aqua metals and what we're trying to do and to build out the CRR facility, which is project financing and debt financing. We do have we do have lenders who fit that criteria that we're engaged with and talking with. Terms have been discussed. You know, there's certain things that we need to do to bring those funds in, and we're working towards those. I can't really give a timeline on it just yet, but those discussions are happening.

Okay. Okay. Yeah, that's helpful. Yeah. I'm not going to ask you for a timeline. I understand you. You can't give that out. And then, yeah, you know, so that's all really relating to this, you know, updated plan for the Sierra facility. And so I just wanted to check in on that. If you could, you know, unpack the updated plan a little bit and just remind us if you're still able, you know, to reach, you know, let's say a commissioning point for phase one within, you know, a couple quarters, I think on the last call you mentioned two to three quarters, you know, subject to receiving financing, of course. If you could just, you know, get into that a little bit. Thanks.

Yeah, Mickey, good question. This is Steve. So, yeah, the Sierra Arc is definitely, you know, it's the lands there, the buildings there, the upfit is complete. Think of it as basically move-in ready. A lot of the equipment is already ordered. And we just have decided to be careful to spend that remaining capital until we have that capital financed. And think of it as like a move-in ready facility for the main building. Now, with our recent change to improve our value proposition as we talk to these project finance and debtors that are out there, we will put together an additional building that will take care of the feedstock processing as well as the lithium carbonation. and some things along those lines. So there is now a building that would get built while we've completed the move in of the existing building. Um, that's kind of like what we characterize as, um, uh, an out building. And, um, it's not going to be that complex of a build, but it will allow us to get to, from the 3000 tons of black mass processing up to the 7,000 tons. So with our kind of industry, what we believe industry, low cost conversion costs, low cost leading, process coupled with the high-value product of battery-grade lithium carbonate and the MHP as the two primary products at that higher volume, that's what we've been talking to these various project finance debtors about is that value proposition. It's about the same amount of remaining CapEx that we need to complete it, but it does throw off some plant-level EBITDA that we believe sets the company up to be able to service um, data or any project financing, um, arrangements. So that's hopefully answering your question.

Yeah. Yeah, no, definitely. That that's very helpful. And yeah, it seems like, you know, you're, you're being smart with this reevaluation of, uh, how you're, you know, scaling up that plan to make sure you're allocating capital as efficiently as possible. The next one I have is, you know, you've mentioned a lot of discussions with customers for offtake agreements, co-locations, or potential licensing opportunities. You know, just curious if, you know, you could give us any more details on those discussions, how they're trending, given everything, you know, that's been going on in the macro. Are, you know, people still hungry for, you know, some of this domestically produced product?

Yeah, for sure. So fortunately, because we have the pilot plant that's been operating for well over a year, effectively two years now, we've been able to produce representative battery grade examples of those materials and engage with those off-takers and OEMs that are out there. There is a little bit of a chicken and the egg factor, which is you know, build it and then they will come or get them to come so you can build it. And that's what we're balancing is those feedstock and offtake agreements, particularly the way that the metals markets are gyrating, not even gyrating, they've come down and they're expected to go up as we get towards the end of this year and into next year with a little bit of analyst consensus. They're not going to shoot to the moon, but they're going to get to more reasonable levels. And so those feedstock and offtake agreements go hand in glove with the financing of the build-out of that facility. And because we've got that pilot that's produced, as I mentioned, 600 pounds just in December of battery-grade lithium carbonate that we think is the most recycled battery-grade lithium carbonate that's been ever produced in North America, let alone the U.S., that is what's really enabling these conversations to continue to mature. So these things take time and we're just being very careful with our cash on hand and management of CapEx and not get out over our skis by investing further into the completion of that CRR and that outbuilding until we have all these contracts locked and loaded.

Right. Got it. Okay. Yeah, that's helpful and sounds smart. Last one I have here is you mentioned previously some visits from industry leaders and government agencies. We're just curious, you know, if there's anything else you could tell us there. How have those discussions been ongoing and if they've led anywhere meaningful?

Yeah, so we hosted quite a few U.S. government folks last year as well as international. You can look at our social feed and see some of that, inclusive of a big Dutch contingent that came out And, um, uh, those conversations continue, of course, there's been a change in administration and, um, the, um, interesting news, uh, is, uh, of late is that there's been an executive order written regarding the urgency of producing critical minerals in the U S um, that we believe that we obviously believe that we're a perfect fit for. Uh, and so we're, um, engaging, um, with the new administration officials on, um, how. to have Aqua Metals participate and, you know, try to get funds through that mechanism. So that would be in addition to a project finance or a debt-based deal is that we still see a great opportunity on government dollars. But with the change of administration, these things take time. And we think it's about one to two quarters for us to really get to some level of resolution. We're encouraged that the tone of the executive order seems to impart urgency. and we're pleased to see that because we think it's urgent as well that the U.S. begins to be able to produce these materials, and not only aqua metals, but many companies could certainly use some additional help from the government to affect that end. Great.

Yeah, I agree, and I think that's all very understandable. That's all I have, so thanks, guys.

Thanks.

Yeah, thanks, Ricky.

Thank you, and we'll now transition over to Bob Myers for some additional remarks. Thank you.

Yes, thank you. There's a few questions. First question, as a recap of the last year, how would you summarize the current state of Aquametals and the potential the company has?

Okay, thanks. That's a good broad question, so I'll just do my best to summarize my view on the current state of affairs for aqua metals. We've had an interesting and yet very productive year in the past year. We've made really good progress across key strategic priorities that we outlined on our technology and our processes and our commercial partnerships. and partnership developments, as well as ongoing initiatives overall for the company. We've achieved milestones that we think strengthens the company's future. That includes demonstrating those high recovery rates and purity levels that meet and often exceed the needs of potential partners for battery-grade materials. And also, and this is really important to emphasize, at what we believe is to be the lowest cost for processing those materials. Oftentimes in the commodities market, low cost leader wins. We think because our process doesn't consume all these one-time use chemicals and have all these waste streams that have to be managed and additional labor costs. that we don't need because of the automation and controls with really clean energy jobs for those that are working there, we have that cost advantage, and we've confirmed that. And we have the data to back that from the operations of our actual pilot plant. You know, we converted recycled domestic nickel into cathode active material with a downstream partner, and that material is literally being tested by top-tier battery manufacturers and vehicle OEMs. These are large global organizations that are also looking to create a domestic supply chain. We continue to strengthen and expand our partnership opportunities and collaborate with other organizations to find new ways to work together. This industry is certainly in a consolidation phase. We see opportunities out in the marketplace for us to partner in different ways than we might have even seen a year before. We can't control the supply uncertainty in the current market dynamics and overall uncertainty as the administration has changed, or what folks might or might not be missing when it comes to AquaMetal's value proposition, but we can control, is that we can adapt and optimize the company's strategy. And that's why we chose to simplify our product set to the battery-grade lithium carbonate and the MHP to get a quicker time to market at a lower cost at a higher volume and better EBITDA margins at the plant level. And for those corners that we turn, that things change, we may be adept and make more adjustments because we are a dynamic and case-hardened company that has that survival and growth instinct incorporated into our own DNA.

Great, thank you. The next question. Your recent announcement discussed the change in production, and you talked a little bit about this in your prepared remarks, focused on lithium carbonate and MHP. Can you expand on that a bit?

Yes, sure. So I'll expand further on that happily. So our competitive advantage is our technology and our know-how, as inclusive of which is our IP, which, as a reminder to everybody, we have over 70 global patents issued. 40-plus patents pending. And we continue to expand what we see as this really strong advantage there. And our focus on the battery-grade lithium carbonate, which is truly unique to us to not just make technical grade, but actual battery-grade lithium carbonate, as well as a really nickel-rich and clean MHP, we see a faster path to get to revenue with less capital requirements, higher profitability, as I was mentioning, at the plant level, and particularly by being able to upsize the amount of black mass material input by more than double, from 3,000 tons to a planned 7,000 tons in the Sierra Arc configuration. We view much more of it as a stepped approach, as the production is part of our technical process. And we were essentially already doing all this, and we also are pursuing full metals recycling ultimately as a phase two as the market grows. So it's really an adjustment to the near-term approach for the company and giving the market what the market needs and wants today, which is that battery-grade lithium carbonate as well as that MHP, which trades globally kind of as a class one nickel type of material.

Great. Thank you.

Next question. The company added two new board members recently. Can you offer some insights in how those executives have helped with strategic objectives?

Yes, certainly. So both of the leaders are talented, experienced executives with great track records of strengthening organizations and growing them with emerging technologies. Eric Gangloff has a really strong financing background. He was in the financing business and debt business. for most of his career and he's brought a lot of new perspectives and opportunities for the company. And Steve Henderson's industry connections are really helping to open doors and certainly adds further credibility to our value proposition as we engage with automotive and battery related OEMs for which he has relationships with many of them at a very high level with his track record. And both Eric and Steve have already been extremely helpful in supporting some of the recent innovations and the strategic plans for the company, even the tactical plans.

So we're really glad to have them. Thank you.

And that's all the time we have for questions. I will now hand the floor over to Steve Cotton for closing remarks.

Great. Well, I really appreciate everybody's time and continued interest in Aquametals. And we'll continue to keep you guys updated. Stay tuned for updates on our social and other developments between our calls. And if you have any questions, please contact our IR partner, FNK, or us directly. We look forward to continued engagement, and everybody have a great rest of the day. We'll talk soon.

Thank you. And with that, we conclude today's conference. All parties may disconnect.