Biogen Inc.

Good morning. My name is Bettina and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Biogen fourth quarter and full year 2022 earnings call and business update. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star 1 on your telephone keypad. Please limit yourself to one question to allow other participants time for questions. If you require any further follow-up, you may press star 1 again to rejoin the queue. Thank you. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Mike Henke, Head of Investor Relations. Mr. Henke, you may begin your conference.

Thank you. Good morning and welcome to Biogen's fourth quarter and full year 2022 earnings call. Before we begin, I encourage everyone to go to the investor section of Biogen.com to find the earnings release and related financial tables, including our GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of the GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures that we'll discuss today. Our GAAP financials are provided in tables one and two, and table four includes the reconciliation of our GAAP to non-GAAP financial results. We believe non-GAAP financial results better represent the ongoing economics of our business and reflect how we manage the business internally. We have also posted slides on our website that follow the discussions related to this call. I'd like to point out that we will be making forward-looking statements, which are based on our expectations. These statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, and our actual results may differ materially. I encourage you to consult the risk factors discussed in our SEC filings for additional detail. On today's call, I'm joined by our President and Chief Executive Officer, Christopher Wiebacher, Dr. Priya Singhal, Head of Development, and our CFO, Mike McDonald. As a reminder, during the Q&A portion of the call, we kindly ask that you limit yourself to one question. I'll now turn the call over to Chris.

Thank you, Mike. Good morning, everybody, and thanks for joining us. It's a pleasure to welcome you here today. This is my first earnings call since joining Biogen. Clearly, Biogen has a strong legacy as one of the pioneers in biotechnology, and there's clearly a strong foundation to build upon. Equally, there's an urgent need to restore growth to the company. We have a great opportunity ahead with a potential launch of two important near-term launches with Alzheimer's and depression. And we have several pipeline programs. We'll be covering a lot more about how we intend to return to growth. But first, I'd like to turn this over to Mike and invite Mike to provide an overview of the fourth quarter and full year financial results.

Thank you, Chris, and good morning, everyone. So I will provide some highlights of the financial performance for the fourth quarter, and any financial comparisons that you hear me make will be versus the fourth quarter of 2021. Our total revenue for the fourth quarter was $2.5 billion, and that's a decrease of 7% at actual currency and 4% at constant currency. Non-GAAP diluted EPS in the fourth quarter was $4.05, and that's an increase of 19% versus the fourth quarter of 2021. MS product revenue was $1.3 billion, and that's a decrease of 17% at actual currency and 14% at constant currency. And this decline was primarily due to the impact of Tecfidera generics, as well as continued declines in the interferons and some pricing pressure. We have continued to see a number of the Tecfidera generics launch across multiple European countries, and we expect a decision from the European Court of Justice related to our market protection by March 16th of this year. Separately, we do continue to enforce our recently granted European Tecfidera dosing patent, which expires in 2028. We also continue to enforce our IP for We have sued Polpharma and Sandoz to enforce those rights and have moved for a preliminary injunction against the launch of Sandoz and Polpharma's biosimilar in the United States. Regarding potential supply constraints for Vimerity, we believe that we have resolved previously reported manufacturing issues at our contract manufacturer. We're currently in the process of securing regulatory approvals for a secondary source of supply, and we do not anticipate a supply shortage in 2023. Moving now to SMA, global Spinraza revenue was $459 million, and that's a 4% increase in actual currency and 10% at constant currency. In the United States, Spinraza revenue increased by 5% versus the prior year, and we continue to believe that we may be seeing signs of stabilization. Outside of the U.S., revenue increased 4% at actual currency and 12% at constant currency, with continued growth primarily in our Asian markets, and that was partially offset by competition in Europe. Biosimilar's revenue was $175 million, and that's a 21% decline at actual currency and 15% at constant currency. And that's due to continued pricing pressure and some net pricing adjustments during the quarter. Total anti-CD20 revenue of $448 million was up 8%. versus the prior year. Revenue from Ocrevus Royalties increased 19%, which was partially offset by a revenue decline of 14% related to our profit share on Rituxan. The Rituxan decline was due to biosimilar competition. Regarding expenses for the fourth quarter, non-GAAP cost of sales was $571 million, which is 22% of revenue. And that includes $36 million of idle capacity charges. A size share of these charges is reflected as part of the collaboration profit sharing line. And that is not part of cost of sales. Fourth quarter non-GAAP R&D expense was $602 million. And this compared to $700 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. And the fourth quarter of 2021 included approximately $110 million in payments related to some business development transactions. Non-GAAP SG&A was $632 million and is compared to $785 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. And this decrease in SG&A expense was driven primarily by our previously announced cost savings initiatives. We remain on track to achieve our previously announced $1 billion in cost savings initiatives And I'll comment on this a bit further when I discuss our guidance for 2023. As for our balance sheet, we ended the quarter with $5.6 billion in cash and marketable securities. We had $6.3 billion in debt and roughly $700 million in net debt. And as a reminder, we expect to receive an additional $1.25 billion over the next 15 months from the sale of our equity stake in Samsung Bioweapons. And that includes approximately $813 million, which is due in April of this year. So overall, we remain in a very strong financial position with significant cash and financial capacity to invest in growing the business over time. Later in the call, I will discuss our guidance assumptions as well as some important accounting considerations for 2023. But for now, I will turn the call back to Chris.

Thank you, Mike.

So, Biogen has recently celebrated its 45th anniversary. And this is a company that has really been built on multiple sclerosis, It had some hemophilia products until it was spun off as bioverative. Some of you may recall that in the past, and we have Spinraza. So now we really need to think about how do we transform the business. I know firsthand from talking to a number of neurologists that our products in MS are still considered to be the top products, but obviously this is becoming a much more competitive environment. And therefore, we really need to think about how do we grow the business in the future. Now, we have an amazing opportunity with two new products. And, you know, as many of you know, I've been in this business a long time. And it's pretty rare that you have this opportunity to launch not one but two major products. And not just any products, but products that are really quite transformative in their respective therapeutic areas. And that's obviously Lecambia and Zoranolone. We also have existing products. We can still grow Vumerity. We can still grow Spinraza. And I think we need to take a fresh approach to those and try to reinvigorate the growth of those two brands. As many of you will point out to me, Biogen has a cost base that is probably higher than most of its peers, and we need to think about that much more systematically. And some of that may require a reduction in cost. Some of it is actually a realignment with the new growth alternatives. And then we also need to look at the R&D pipeline. Now, we don't get very much credit for what we have in R&D, and Priya was going to talk to you about A number of different products that we think have an awful lot of potential. Equally, the neurology franchise is slowly progressing diseases. That means you're automatically into long-term and costly clinical studies. And in addition, we have some projects in there. where our phase three studies are essentially proof of concept studies. And so that makes them also inherently riskier. And I think we need to think about how do we balance the pipeline in R&D going forward. And finally, I think we should always be, any company should always be open to thinking about external growth opportunities. This hasn't always been a major trust of the company in the past. But I do think that as we expand into other areas, such as immunology, rare diseases, psychiatry, that there may be opportunities to bolster those franchises through external growth. So, as you know, Leukemia has received accelerated approval in the United States in early January. We have on the same day filed for a full or traditional approval. And I have to also give credit to our partner, ASITE, because within a very short period of time, not only did they file for traditional approval on the same day as receiving accelerated approval, but also within weeks they have filed in Europe, in Japan, and initiated a rolling submission in China. And Obviously, in the short term, the launch in the U.S. is really going to be constricted until we get reimbursement, and that's expected to occur once we have a traditional approval. When we get confirmation of filing from the FDA, at that point, we'll know whether we have a priority review or not. Under the terms of the agreement, ASI is principally responsible and leads all of the discussions with CMS. As many of you probably have heard, ASI has said that they are hoping to receive a broader reimbursement once they get traditional approval, and that could be as early as this summer. But as you know, this is not a round light pill that we're launching here. You know, you need to have a PET scan or a lumbar puncture to confirm diagnosis. We're going to have infusion capacity restrictions. Neurologists have already been busy treating patients with other conditions. So there will be a question about do we have enough neurologists to expand the patient population. And so there's an awful lot to be done in the near term. In terms of those One of the questions that comes up is, and that'll be the main discussion for CMS. To me, the sum of boxes, the CDR sum of boxes is not really how we look at patient benefit here. As I talk to physicians treating Alzheimer's patients, most of them are really asking, can I still drive a car? Can I feed myself? Can I dress myself? Can I enjoy life with my family? And how can I not be a burden to others? And when you actually look at the activities of daily life, we actually saw 37% improvement versus placebo. And to me, that's where the real benefit of this product is. Now, as we look at Alzheimer's, the other message I think I would really like to drive home today is that this is not just a product launch. There is a today and there is a tomorrow. And, you know, certainly today everybody is going to be focused on the initial sales of Lekembe, and that's going to be a question of overcoming some of the infrastructure challenges that we just talked about. There's going to be an awful lot of education of physicians around safety, around the diagnosis. and the infrastructure has to expand to be able to provide the PET scans or the CSF testing. But this is really opening up a whole new field. This is a whole new vista, both for patients and physicians. I can remember 10 years ago where we had a lot of failures of medicines in development to reduce amyloid. People had given up hope that this was going to be effective. Actually, it was Biogen's prime study that was initiated about 10 years ago that actually showed that there was still hope for this. And, of course, it's really the clarity study that has really demonstrated the importance of removal of plaque and the potential to impact the decline in cognition. And what I think this is going to do is unleash a whole wave of research and development that But there's going to be other things. I mean, just even things that we're doing. You know, obviously there's amyloid, but there are going to be other modalities such as tau. And Priya will talk about our own potential solution in terms of tau. But we're also looking at this, you know, the trial really focused on this 18 months of treatment. What happens at the end of the 18 months? And there are actually already data that indicates staying on drug has a continued benefit. And so, in fact, ASI will be filing before the end of Q4 of this year an indication for the treatment on a maintenance basis. But one of the other most interesting things I learned, and I've been obviously trying to get up to speed on Alzheimer's over the last 90 days, but it turns out that plaque burden is at its maximum just before symptoms arise. So imagine the benefit if we could actually go earlier. And in fact, there is a study called AHEAD that is looking at preclinical or pre-symptomatic patients that could be quite interesting. But to do that, of course, other things like blood-based biomarkers and other biomarkers are going to be important. We're going to have to make this a lot more convenient as a treatment, and there's subcutaneous treatment formulations in progress. And And so what I think you're gonna see is just a flood of information over the next three to five years as new modalities and new ways of treating Alzheimer's patients come up. So here you see the AHEAD study that was launched in 2020 and looking at pre-symptomatic. One of the physicians who treats Alzheimer's told me, you know, we used to think about Alzheimer's as a seven to eight year time frame, which is really from the onset of symptoms until sadly death. Now they're looking at this on a 25 year frame because we know that plaque builds up over time. And, in fact, what we call early-stage Alzheimer's today with this mild cognitive improvement is really not. It's actually already pretty advanced by the time you have MCI. We already talked about the potential for maintenance dosing and different modalities. So, this is going to be quite an exciting area as we go along. Now, the other exciting area is in major depressive disorder. You know, there are 21 million people who suffer from this, and every day you're reading about the major concerns around mental health in society. In fact, STAT just had an article yesterday about the number of younger people who are suffering from depression and feeling sad and even suicidal. And so there is a clear need for new treatments. There are over 400 million prescriptions written every year for MDD and other mental health illnesses. But what we see is an awful lot of switching between therapies. There's a lot of concern around side effects. It takes a long time for these existing medicines to work. And so my personal view is there's an awful lot of unmet need. You know, I was at GlaxoSmithKline when we had Paxil. and we had well-written, so I'm pretty familiar with what the existing treatments can and cannot do. Postpartum depression, another significant area of unmet need. One in eight mothers. We just had a tragic case that many of us in the Boston area are following. And it just demonstrates that there is a real need for a new approach and new treatment here. And this is not necessarily where a big commercial opportunity is, but there is a major societal need. And I think that Zorana alone can make a big change here. So we have had priority review granted, and we have now a PDUFA date in August. As you know, we can't launch immediately because there will have to be a DAA review of the scheduling of the drug before we can launch, so we're looking to launch more towards the end of the year. You know, one of the interesting things is I see this – every now and then in the media about the controversial data of serenolone because six out of seven trials were positive. You know, folks, when we were developing Paxil years ago, we had to do six phase three studies to get two that worked. There's an incredible placebo effect here, which is why so many companies actually abandon mental health. So when I saw six out of seven, I said, wow, this is absolutely terrific. And so I think there is quite an exciting opportunity here. We're not going to say we go after every type of patient and we're doing a lot of market research today. We're finishing the Shoreline study and that will inform us about who is the right patient for this. And obviously the label will inform who we are interested. But there's a lot of unresolved symptoms of depression out there. MDD patients with elevated anxiety, we don't clearly have an anxiety indication, but that is it. that is an area of NDD patients that we're going to be focusing on, and those who are adherence challenged. Going back to existing drugs, I'll just say, obviously Biogen's had enormous success with Spinraza, but when you look at it, there are still a lot of potential patients who haven't been treated, adult patients, as well as pediatric patients, and we're going to have a fresh look at how we can improve the coverage of this product. Obviously, it's an intrathecal product, which is not necessarily the most convenient. You may have seen we've just done a collaboration with Alcyone to have a new device that would make this more convenient for patients who are not wanting to go through the numerous lumbar punctures. We are looking at costs. That is looking at the profitability of our MS franchise. Can we shift some of these costs to supporting our new product launches? We have a biosimilars business, an important business. This is part of the way that we create the economies for the healthcare system to afford new businesses. But we are looking at whether we can do more with that business or maybe whether others should own this business. We're prioritizing the near-term opportunities and really looking at our cost base on a systematic basis. Priya's gonna talk about the risk profile and productivity of the R&D pipeline. As I mentioned earlier, we have appointed Priya as head of development. I'd like to take the opportunity to congratulate her on that. We're also looking for a new head of research. While we have a lot going on, we will continue to evaluate external growth opportunities. And so I think with that, Priya, why don't we talk about R&D?

Thank you, Chris. We are advancing Lekembe with eSci as a foothold in Alzheimer's disease, as you heard from Chris, and Zoran alone with Sage, both as key late-stage assets, but also as growth drivers. With SAGE, we also announced the FDA acceptance of Zoranilone and MDD and PPD as priority review. The PDUFA date is August 5th. The priority review is granted by FDA to applications for medicines that, if approved, would provide significant improvements in the effectiveness or safety of the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of serious conditions. Beyond these developments, we're also making progress across R&D reprioritization. And today, I will share a few highlights from some of our pipeline programs in Alzheimer's disease, lupus, and ALS. We are advancing a broader Alzheimer's disease pipeline, as you heard from Chris. And we have initiated the Phase II serious study of BIP-AT in early Alzheimer's disease. Prior clinical results, including those from our own Phase II Gosrinumab, suggest that targeting extracellular tau alone is insufficient to affect intracellular tau tangles. BIB-80 is targeting tau mRNA to reduce all forms of the tau protein, post-translation. In preclinical studies, we've seen that ASO knockdown of the tau in the transgenic mouse model of neurodegenerative tauopathy reversed tau pathology, prevented hippocampal volume loss, and neuronal death. This here illustrates the phase 1b study results of BIP-AT in mild AD. BIP-AT was generally well tolerated, and we observed a time and dose-dependent reduction in CSF total and P-tau. Total tau continued to decline 16 weeks following the last dose, with a 50% reduction from baseline. We were encouraged by this early data, and we look forward to sharing data details from this 1B study at ADPD next month. As I mentioned, we have initiated our Phase 2 Celia study in 2022. It includes several dosing paradigms, three doses and every 12 or 24 weeks dosing. And assessments will evaluate multiple aspects of Alzheimer's disease, cognition, function, and biomarkers. We believe that Celia has the potential to generate important learnings regarding the role of tau in Alzheimer's disease. Moving on, Biogen has leveraged a very strong scientific expertise in immunology, and this is how the MS franchise was born. I'd like to discuss our two Phase III lupus programs next. First is Daprolizumab Pegol, which we have in collaboration with UCB currently in Phase III. We also have litophilumab or BIP59, our wholly owned anti-BDCA2 monoclonal antibody. Both are potential first-in-class molecules in SLE. SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and can lead to severe organ damage and morbidity, especially amongst the non-Caucasian patients. Litophilumab also has the potential to be a first-in-class treatment for CLE. CLE, or cutaneous lupus erythematosus, is a skin-based autoimmune disease and can exist in the absence of systemic manifestations. Chronic CLE is associated with severe skin damage and impaired quality of life. No new treatment approved specifically for CLE in almost 70 years. The CLE part of the Phase II lilac study met its primary endpoint, and the results were published last summer in the New England Journal of Medicine. Based upon these encouraging results, we initiated the Phase II-III amethyst study of litophilumab in CLE. Lupus disproportionately impacts underrepresented populations, and we have set enrollment targets in litophilumab studies to reflect this high prevalence in African-American and Hispanic or Latino communities. Next, I will discuss ALS. ALS is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease. SOD1 ALS is an ultra-rare genetic form that affects approximately 330 individuals in the U.S. While the VALOR Phase 3 study of the person in SOD1 ALS did not hit the primary endpoint, we have published our 12-month data from both VALOR and its open-label extension in the New England Journal of Medicine last year. In these results, we observed a sustained reduction in neurofilament, which is a marker of axonal injury and neurodegeneration in individuals who initiated tofersin earlier. We also observed a slower decline in measures of clinical and respiratory function, as well as strength and quality of life. With the PDUFA action date of April 25, 2023, Biogen has the potential to deliver genetically targeted therapy to people suffering from SOD1 ALS. FDA recently announced the March 22, 2023 date for the advisory committee meeting for 2% EMA has accepted the marketing authorization application for 2% for review in the European Union. Moving on, at a higher level, as Chris mentioned, our goal is to rebalance the R&D pipeline. In this context, we have developed a framework to guide our decision-making, and the focus is on the pre-proof-of-concept programs. For example, we are investing to win in programs where we have a high degree of biological confidence, such as BIBAP, while we continue to apply a systematic data-driven approach in this program to learn and de-risk. We may also choose to discontinue development for some programs based on their regulatory development or commercialization challenges. Examples of recently discontinued programs include exotrogene in neuropathic pain and oral abrutinib in MS. In parallel, we have several focus areas to help increase the productivity of our pipeline and decrease the risk. First is to de-risk and improve probability of success in the pre-proof-of-concept portfolio. Second is to enhance the roll-off and capabilities for translational science. And importantly, our overall focus on value generation versus achievement of operational milestones alone. In conclusion, with key assets in Alzheimer's disease, depression, and lupus, we believe the Biogen pipeline has potential to deliver significant growth over the medium and long term. I will now pass the call over back to Mike.

So thank you, Priya. I will now go through our 2023 guidance ranges and talk about some of the key assumptions and then we'll open it up for questions. We expect a full year 2023 revenue decline in the mid single digit percentage range as compared to 2022 reported results and full year 2023 non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of between $15 and $16. There are several dynamics that we expect in 2023 that I'd like to highlight. First, our guidance assumes a favorable decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union relating to regulatory data protection for Tecfidera. And that's currently expected to be on March 16th, as I mentioned earlier of this year, although we obviously cannot predict the outcome of that. This guidance also assumes modest in-market revenue for LeCambie in 2023, with commercialization expenses exceeding revenue. Biogen will record its share of net commercial profits and losses for LeCambie in the U.S. as a component of total revenue, and we do expect this to be a headwind to our revenue in 2023. Just as a reminder, in 2022 we amended our collaboration agreement with ASI for Adjahelm and as a result we will have sole decision making and commercialization rights along with a substantial majority of the economics beginning in 2023. ASI will receive a tiered royalty and will no longer share in expenses related to Adjahelm and this does result in two important considerations for 2023. First, we expect to incur approximately $150 million to $200 million of excess capacity charges in 2023, and all of that will be borne by Biogen. In 2022, we incurred $119 million of idle capacity, and of that amount, $55 million was reimbursed by ASI. Our cost of sales as a percentage of revenue is expected to be higher in 2023 than the 22.4% that we saw in 2022. And that's as a result of product mix as well as the dynamic that I just described. We expect this pressure on cost of goods sold to be particularly pronounced earlier in the year. The second result of the amended agreement with ASI is that we will no longer be sharing Agihelm R&D costs. And this is expected to create an increase of approximately $100 million in R&D expense in 2023 as compared to 2022. Full-year operating expenses, which are comprised of both SG&A and R&D expense, will reflect our previously disclosed $1 billion of cost reduction measures. And we expect that approximately $300 million of these cost savings will be reinvested to support the launch of Xeranolone and other new products. So we expect that this will result in $700 million of net operating expense savings relative to full year 2021 operating expenses, which were approximately $5.2 billion. We are continuing to monitor potential supply constraints for Emeraldi and our guidance does not assume any stock outs, but this does remain a risk. There are also some key seasonality dynamics that we'd like to note. As a reminder, Q1 tends to be seasonally weaker, a weaker quarter as compared to Q4 for our MS business in the U.S., and that's due to channel dynamics and higher discounts and allowances. Spinraza benefited in Q4 of 2022 in part due to the timing of some shipments. And additionally, as a reminder, the royalty rate for Okravis resets at the beginning of each year, and this rate increases as sales levels increase throughout the year. We also expect that our operating expenses will be higher earlier in the year, given that some of our cost savings initiatives will take time to materialize over the course of 2023. And of course, as always, we assume that foreign exchange rates as of December 31st, 2022 will remain in effect for the year net of our hedging activities. And I would refer you to our press release for other important guidance assumptions. Before concluding, I want to highlight a few of the key accounting considerations for LeCambie and Zorana Loan. And now that LeCambie has received accelerated approval in the United States, Biogen's 50% share of net commercial profits and losses which includes in-market revenue, less cost of goods, royalties, and SG&A will be reflected as a component of total revenue. As I mentioned, we expect this to be negative in 2023 as we expect that commercial expenses will exceed revenue. Outside the US, our 50% share of commercial expenses will continue to be recorded within SG&A expense until it can be as approved on a region by region basis. Separately, Biogen's 50% share of global Lecambi R&D expenditures will continue to be reflected within R&D expense, and this is both before and after approval. And finally, on Lecambi, Biogen is manufacturing Lecambi drug substance in our Solitern Switzerland facility. We capitalize inventory until it is sold to ACI, at which point we will recognize contract manufacturing revenue and contract manufacturing cost of goods sold. And that'll be at a minimal gross margin. Durandalone is also a 50-50 profit share in the US with our partner Sage Therapeutics. Prior to regulatory approval, we will record our share of R&D and SG&A expense in their respective line items, net of reimbursement to or from Sage. After U.S. approval, Biogen will record 100% of Xeranolone product revenue, cost of goods, and SG&A, and then we will share SAGE's 50% of profits or losses as a component of Biogen's collaboration profit-sharing line. So in closing, our number one goal is to return Biogen to sustainable growth. We believe that the potential launches of Leukemia and Zoranolone, along with the rest of our pipeline and our strong balance sheet, provide us with the necessary elements to achieve this goal. And we're also working very hard to improve our operating efficiency and remain committed to creating long-term value for our shareholders. And with that, we'll open up the call for questions.

Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, Please limit yourself to one question. If you require any further follow-up, you may press star 1 again to rejoin the queue. Your first question comes from the line of Sarveen Richter of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thank you for taking my question here. Maybe a question of whether you can lay out potential timelines for the NCD reconsideration for LeCambie. Historical precedent suggests this could take about nine months, but when is the soonest the process could start? Could it start pre-poll approval, and when will we know when the process has been initiated? Thank you.

Yeah, thanks for the question. I'm not so sure, first of all, that precedent is gonna really matter here. I think this is an unusual set of circumstances. And so there are negotiations and discussions ongoing between ACI and CMS today. CMS could decide whatever, but the feeling is that they're going to wait until there is a traditional approval And then we'll see, will there be a registry? Won't there be a registry? We just don't know at this stage. What I would say is that I think you're seeing a much different tone in the broader community than we had with Aduhelm. You've seen the American Association of Neurologists write to CMS to support reimbursement. You've seen members of Congress. I can tell you that the neurology community broadly look at the clarity data as being very compelling in terms of the impact. Obviously, CMS makes its own decisions, but You know, I think there's a growing consensus that this is a medicine that is very much needed by a broad population, and ASI has guided to their hope that there would be this broader reimbursement once they have traditional approval.

Our next question comes from the line of Mohit Vandal of Wells Fargo.

Great. Thank you for taking my question. And maybe a question on expense cuts. So I know earlier this year you talked about expense cuts. And, I mean, if you do the math, it's very clear that for the product portfolio, the expense base is very high. Can you talk about, I mean, have you thought about your target operating margin profile long-term? And How much more cuts can you do and any timelines when we could hear about this? Because, you know, you also talked about almost $200 million of spending here. You said that you will probably prioritize and figure out whether you want to keep spending that money or not. So can you talk a little bit about the timelines of that now that you are in the business review mode? Thank you.

In OPEX, you've got two big buckets, right? You've got R&D and you've got SG&A. In R&D, we're looking at this whole prioritization exercise. And that means if you want to save money to a degree, you may have to cut some programs. And that's not something that you wanna do quickly. You need to go and look at each program thoroughly, determine probabilities of success, cost to complete, a whole bunch of other things. There is an infrastructure element to R&D that we will be looking at as a matter of priority. And then you have SG&A. And within the sales and marketing, obviously most of that spend is really going to the MS franchise. The MS franchise still supports most of our revenue in the business. And so one has to be careful about how much we want to reduce that spend by, but clearly that's a declining revenue base. And so I think what you're really going to see is a shift from some of those resources to supporting the launch. Now, there's hundreds of millions of dollars going between ASI, SAGE, and Biogen. behind the pre-launch activities this year for the Camby and Xerenolone. And those are obviously strategic products for all of the companies, and we really need to support the launches. But we have to find the right balance in not seeing a decline in MS sales beyond what we already see. And then there is GNA, and we will be taking a close look at that this year. So, you know, you're going to see some reductions in costs, but there's also going to be some new investments. And so it's a little hard to say at this point where we're going to end up on margins. But, you know, if you strip out the royalty and collaboration income and do the OPEX to sales ratios, we're clearly higher than most of our peer companies. And considering that we have a fairly mature product profile of high-value, low-volume products, we should be more profitable. But the company's already taken a billion out. So that means more cost savings have to be done thoughtfully. So we'll be giving you updates throughout the year on that. But we are conscious that the cost base needs to be more productive than it is. On Adjuhelm, You know, Aduhelm, we will be looking at the Embark data, which is long-term. That will give some information about not just for Aduhelm, but also how we think about the longer-term treatment of amyloid-reducing antibodies. We also need to see exactly what the landscape is. What I can tell you is there is no commercial effort behind Adderall. Our focus is on Lekembe. We believe that is the product that is most appropriate for patients. We do have a commitment to the FDA to do this confirmatory study, so we have to think through that carefully, but I just want to be clear that from a strategic point of LeCambie is our absolute priority and Eduhelm is not being actively commercialized anywhere.

Our next question comes from Colin Bristol of UBS. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning and thanks for taking the question. Welcome, Chris. In terms of your ongoing view of the business and the pipeline, how should we be thinking about timelines just in terms of the potential for strategic actions with and then just more broadly in terms of business development when you're sort of clearly identified that the targets would be potentially willing to move forward. And then just within this question, could you just characterize your ongoing interest in biosimilars?

Thank you. And you have a number of projects that have been ongoing for a number of years. We have a number of products actually in Phase 3 that are actually proof-of-concept studies. You know, there are at least, not even including Aduhelm, we have three products in development where we did not have safety or efficacy data out of a positive Phase 2. So I think we need to think carefully about each of those programs. It does take some time, and there is always a question of, well, how much do we have to spend to the next milestone, and is that really worth it? Can we think about different ways of doing the study? Can we de-risk these? So that will probably take us through to the summer before I think we can really make too many decisions on that front. You know, Biosimilars, it's an extremely strong team, and they've built a successful business. But, you know, I look at Biogen as a company with innovative medicines. We're not a huge company by any means, and there needs to be a focus. So we are looking at what's the right business model for it. It is a successful business. It's an important business for society. But, you know, we need to think about where we put our resources. You know, when you look at the cost base, it's not just a question I found in the company about how much we spend but how we spend it. And there have been a number of pet projects around and other areas where we're spending money. And I think, you know, one of the things I'm really trying to drive is focus in the company. What really matters? What's going to grow the business? And how do we align our resources behind that? And whatever is not one of the major growth drivers, I think we have to look carefully at whether we continue to either to support that business with resources or, you know, we think about other options for some of those businesses.

Our next question comes from the line of .

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to touch up on the infusion capacity a little bit in a little more detail. I feel like we've talked about it several times that infrastructure needs to be built out, but could we quantify, for example, of the 100K patients number mentioned in some of the prior press releases for year three, how much of that exists today? And could you take an interim look in your ongoing early AD study where you have a monthly arm to perhaps update the label towards monthly? Could that happen anytime soon?

On the capacity, obviously, Biogen had worked quite – made quite a bit of progress on that for the launch of Aduhelm. And, you know, so I would say we're probably in better shape today than when we were at the launch of Aduhelm. Nonetheless, you know, it's not like there are a lot of empty infusion centers waiting for Alzheimer's patients today. So there is going to have to be continued investment, and it will take time. And I think one of the reasons that we have guided 200,000 patients is that they're gonna be constraints to the system. There's not a lot of point talking about what's the potential, how many Alzheimer's patients out there and how many are eligible. There are natural constraints to this. There's also, know going to have to be a careful selection of patients as to who's really the best uh patient to benefit from this treatment and physicians will take their time to understand this this new therapy and get experience with the drug so it's it's going to be slow steady progress i can't give you uh i wouldn't want to comment today on how many sites but it is something that is obviously a major part of this launch. That's why I say it's not really a round white tablet as a launch.

And I think the other question was around potentially less frequent maintenance, dosing the timeline for that. Priya, do you want to comment?

Sure. So yeah, exactly right, Chris. I think we also think that some of this infusion capacity could be elastic and we'll have early learning. So I think, as you said, we'll learn as we go. Two points here. One is that, you know, ESA is already leading on developing a maintenance therapy, and this could be either a four-week or a 12-week dosing paradigm. They have said publicly that they will file for this by Q1 2024. That's important. The other aspect I think that is also in development is the subcutaneous formulation. And I think we are, you know, ASI and Biogen are thinking about what burden would a product like Lecambi have and how do we solve that for patients as well as providers. And that is really the strategy behind the subcutaneous development. It's being studied currently in a phase three sub-study, and it will also be filed by Q1 2024 as ISA has communicated. So I think, you know, we're trying to work from multiple perspectives here, and we'll share more updates as they become relevant.

Our next question comes from Evan Siegerman of BMO. Please go ahead.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. So, Chris, in your remarks, you highlighted a shift in business development, whereas in the past, Biogen may have been more hesitant to acquire. Where would you like to focus BD, and what size deals would you be comfortable with? Thank you.

You know, from a management point of view, you have to think about what is your – what's your team good at? What's interesting about Biogen, it has been a very narrowly focused company. They've been very good at what has been done in multiple sclerosis, for example. But you have to think carefully about how broadly you go, because we are extremely good at selling high-value, low-volume products. And, you know, even as we contemplate the Zoranalone launch, you know, we are going to be going to a much broader population. We're probably going to have a lot more patient outreach opportunities. I think Biogen has done exactly one television commercial in its history. And, you know, that's something we're going to have to get good at. So as you think about business development, you have to think about, okay, you can potentially look at things on paper, but can you execute well on them? Now, when I look at it, I say I'd like to be a little bit broader than the traditional neurodegenerative diseases because – I don't want to abandon them by any means, but if your only business is that, you are really destined to do these long-term studies that are highly costly. And often the phase three becomes the proof of concept because you can't really test these things adequately in phase two. and so if I sort of say well where could we legitimately go where do we have some experience well you know we can certainly be in immunology because I would argue that things like lupus where we already are even multiple sclerosis is really an autoimmune disease so I can see us branching out more into immunology psychiatry will have one product in the bag with xanadolone Would it make sense to expand more into psychiatry? And obviously with Spinraza, when we look at how do we get more out of Spinraza, when you're in the rare disease business, it's different than most other businesses. Most other therapeutic areas, you go see a physician because the patients go to the physician. In rare diseases, you have to go find the patient. I remember at Genzyme, someone in marketing teaching me very early on that the marketing strategy is looking for needles and haystacks. And that actually becomes a core competency, and that's one of the areas that we have to go after. There's been an awful lot of... easier to find patients who are more serious and who are naturally visiting physicians. But there are, for instance, adult patients who are difficult to diagnose. And so looking at increasing the patient numbers means that we're going to have to be good at rare diseases. And once you have that core competency, in my view, you can be in rare diseases and you can be therapy or indication agnostic in that area. So that's where we're starting because I think we can execute in those areas. Could that be acquisition, could be late stage in licensing, we could look at all of the above. You know, and I look at it hasn't necessarily looked at acquisitions as part of its growth strategy. You know, equally I say, I tell people, Well, there wasn't a lot of point hiring me if you don't want to go do deals. So it's not to say we are, but I think there is now an openness within the company to at least look at it. Now, as we all know, M&A is hard to execute on and get something that is truly accretive and generates a return on investment. And that's why we are really focused first and foremost on driving the most that we can out of organic growth. But I would say that we are open to Anything in those four areas that I mentioned before.

And I'll just quickly add, Evan, to your question on size of deals, you know, without commenting on how large a deal we might do or series of deals, just in terms of aggregate capacity. You know, as we mentioned up front, we ended the year with $5.6 billion in cash. We have more coming in from Samsung. in the early second quarter of this year, and we have a modest amount of debt. So you can pretty quickly get to a close to better part of $10 billion of capacity number that we can utilize in a variety of ways.

Point out the amount of money we're getting still from Samsung that has yet to come in.

Yeah, $800 million that's coming in April and then another $400 plus that will come in next year.

As you know, firepower is not necessarily the main constraint. Finding something that's worthwhile doing is the really hard part of this.

We will now move to Tim Anderson of Wolf Research.

Thank you. A couple of questions on Lakembi and the sub-Q. Can you just confirm what the minimum regulatory requirements are for approval of a sub-Q in terms of what you need to show in the data you're currently capturing, and do you think there's any meaningful risk in gathering that necessary data? To me, the long-term commercial future of the brand really hinges on having a sub-Q, and I'm trying to gauge whether there's any meaningful risk that we should be cognizant of. Thank you.

I can take that. Thanks for that question. I think overall, I just want to reiterate that ESI is studying subcutaneous in the Phase 3 open-label extension, and actually details of that sub-study are public. You can take a look at that. ESI has also communicated that they believe that they have had the regulatory discussions to embark upon this pathway. But beyond that, it would be speculative to say what are the minimum requirements. I think we do have regulatory discussions ongoing. And a lot, as you know, is always dependent on the data as it gets published. Overall, ESAI has communicated that they expect to file by Q1 2024. And then stepping back to what is the true potential, I'll just draw us back to the data that we saw from the CLARITY 80 study, which was of course utilizing the intravenous bimonthly dosing regimen. I think the most important part there was that we saw the amyloid reduction at six months expanding over the 18-month period. We had a positive primary endpoint with a highly statistically significant p-value as well as all the secondary endpoints. So we believe that really clarity AD is quite clear in its outcome and we believe that the data are meaningful and can have an impact on the patient population. The subcutaneous formulation is really our approach to kind of thinking about this more comprehensively. So we believe as is, it has lot of potential and then of course we'll continue to build on what is the dozing maintenance dozing as well as subcutaneous and as Chris mentioned you know what is the application of an anti amyloid therapy in pre-symptomatic or preclinical Alzheimer's disease you know Tim the way I look at this is I think what we're going to see over time is that you're going to have a plaque removal phase of treatment

and then a maintenance. And in the short term, you know, we can talk about potential for sub-Q, but really, you know, I would say for the next two to three years, the demand for the product is probably more limited by capacity of the system to actually diagnose and treat patients. So, an IV will be important for the convenience of patients, but I'm not sure that short-term it's really going to have that much impact on demand. One game changer, I think, to me, is blood biomarkers. You know, if we can eliminate the PET scans, and in particular, or the lumbar puncture, this will make it a whole lot easier for the whole medical community to at least get the diagnosis, and we can probably reduce the overall treatment cost of a patient. Those blood biomarkers have been around for some time. But, you know, until there was a treatment, there wasn't a commercial market for those diagnostics. So to me, the biggest game changer that could occur is if we can get some of these blood diagnostics to market sooner. They're probably still a couple years away, but they're as important in my mind commercially as a sub-Q.

We will now take a question from Brian Abraham of RBC Capital Markets.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. On Lekembe, as you consider the maintenance therapy, what's the right way we should be thinking about the potential balance of annual per patient price declines versus the potential for market expansion and greater durability for chronic use? Thanks.

You mean the price decline related to maintenance? Is that what you're saying?

I guess how are you thinking about pricing strategically for a maintenance therapy on an annualized basis relative to the every two week? And how should we think about the overall balance?

Again, I think, you know, obviously we have to wait now and see the data and get approval for these things. I think you're probably gonna be in this plaque removal process and that's every two weeks. As you get into maintenance, as Priya said, the dosing regimen could change. And obviously, if you were to go from two weeks to one month, that has an overall per patient cost on an annualized basis that would be lower. So I think you'll see potentially a lower patient cost just because of the different dosing regimen over time. You know, shorter term, again, I think we probably have more patients out there than the system can manage. And so I don't think there's going to be that much price pressure. Once the system adapts, there may be over time, but I don't really see prices being the main aspect of this. And remember, when you look at this, I mean, we're talking about $26,500 for the drug costs. But there's a lot more cost to the system for the treatment of patients. A PET scan, for instance, costs around $7,000 as an example. You have the MRIs and you have the treatment. And that's why, to me, blood diagnostics could play a bigger role in actually reducing the overall cost. And I think those types of things, and as we move into maintenance dosing regimens, we may find that the average annual cost of a patient goes down, although we're not necessarily touching the price of the drug.

We will now take a question from Michael Yee of Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks for the question. Hey, Chris, it's great to hear from you. You mentioned in the slides that you would like to improve the risk profile and productivity R&D pipeline, particularly risk profile. I recall in January, you talked about lower risk type projects and perhaps biogen is too high risk. high reward, particularly for this market cap. And then going back to your prior days, you did, I think, the Genzyme deal and the Regeneron deal. So can you just comment about the philosophy of bringing in products that are perhaps lower risk, more de-risk, and how you think about bringing those in and acting on those accordingly and with speed? Thank you.

Sure. You know, to me... Risk management is something that is part of the day job in a pharma company. You obviously can't do anything unless you take risk. We develop products in early stage. If you're talking about phase one, you've got 10% probability of success. I think there's a couple of areas that we would look at. The first thing is You know, obviously, if you can do a Phase II study where you get a lot of confidence out of safety and efficacy before you go into a Phase III study, you have essentially at every stage of development from Phase I to Phase II, Phase II to Phase III, de-risk that. We sometimes can't do it. If you look at Alzheimer's and the development of either mecanumab or aduham, you can start to see, for instance, that you're reducing plaque. But one of the problems a lot of companies had is that they didn't reduce the plaque enough. And you're not going to know whether you have reduced the plaque enough until you see a benefit in cognitive function. But you really can't do that until you go into large studies and take a long time because these diseases progress so slowly. So to me, one of the areas is that if you go into autoimmune diseases or you're into psychiatry, you can have a more classical drug development where you can de-risk more in Phase II. You can get a proof of concept. As I said earlier, we are sometimes doing proof of concept in Phase III, which is an expensive way to do proof of concept. So just even thinking about moving into some of these other areas allows us to do more classical drug development. The other is, of course, that we can start to license in products and products that are a lot closer to market, and you're not taking quite as much risk on those. But it's really a function of when you look at it, How much are precedented versus unprecedented mechanisms of action? How much are small molecules versus large molecules? Can we do more collaborative types approaches? But this notion of always doing proof of concept in phase three is a highly expensive, highly risky approach. And I think having a few of those projects in our pipeline is good. Having 100% of our pipeline in projects like that is good. And, you know, if you look at it, we don't really have an approval coming in our pipeline for several years yet here because we're waiting on these long-term studies. So having things that read out on a little bit more frequent basis would be helpful to looking at sustainable growth of the company.

Operator, I think we have time for one final question.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Chris Schott of JP Morgan.

Great. Thanks so much. Just another one on BD. Is this something you're going to be looking to do in parallel with your strategic review and cost resizing efforts, or is this a bit of a longer-term priority once you make whatever changes are necessary for the core business? And maybe just as a second part of that same question, given your prior comments of the narrow focus of Biogen, Does that point more towards BDs skewed towards either company acquisitions versus partnerships or earlier stage deals? It seems like you might want to be bringing both products as well as kind of expertise in-house. Just help me a little bit in terms of how you think about that dynamic. Thank you.

I think certainly for the first half of this year, we're focused on really reorienting the company towards these growth opportunities, looking at the cost base. We should have a new head of research in that timeframe. We're also in the process of recruiting a head of BD. So, to me, this is sort of something we start to look at in the second half of the year. As you know, it takes a while to go find things. You've got to look at a lot of things before you do something. So, even if you decide you want to do something next year, you really have to start looking now. In terms of what we're looking at, look, it could be all of the above. To the degree that we get comfortable with the launch trajectory of LeCambie and Zorin alone, You could argue that the bankers like to refer to this desperation factor. I would argue that we don't have a high desperation factor. We actually have a lot that we can do within the company. I think it's healthy to be looking outside and to always have – because, you know, in this business, nothing ever goes completely to plan. But, you know, we have the time to look and make sure that whatever we do is going to be value-added, and I think it could be all of the things that you've mentioned.

Okay. With that, I think we're going to conclude the call for today. Thank you, everyone, for joining us.

This concludes today's call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.