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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to CarGurus, Inc.' 's first quarter 2024 Earnings Results Conference. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. To give everyone the opportunity to participate, please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. If you should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star-0. on your telephone keypad. Please note, this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to Kendi Singh, Vice President, Head of Investor Relations.
Kendi Singh
Thank you, Operator. Good afternoon. I'm delighted to welcome you to CarGuru's first quarter 2024 earnings call. With me on the call today are Jason Trabison, Chief Executive Officer, Sam Zales, President and Chief Operating Officer, and Aliza Palazzo, Chief Financial Officer. During the call, we will be making forward-looking statements which are based on our current expectations and beliefs. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements. Information concerning those risks and uncertainties is discussed in our SEC filings, which can be found on our SEC's website and in the investor relations section of our website. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements except as required by law. Further, during the course of our call today, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to comparable non-GAAP measures is included in our press release issued today, as well as in our updated investor presentation, which can be found on the investor relations section of our website. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency as it relates to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision making. With that, I'll now turn over the call to Jason.
Jason
Thank you, Kardeep, and thanks to all of you for joining us today. Each year, I share a theme that serves as our North Star. For 2024, our guiding principle is intelligent acceleration as we leverage our industry-leading marketplace business, end-to-end transaction-enabled platform, and integrated retail and wholesale data ecosystem with the aim of continuing to grow our business even more profitably. We'll begin the discussion today with a high-level review of our quarterly results, then highlight the progress against our drivers of value creation. and take you through our exciting journey to innovate and transform the way dealers and consumers predict, source, market, and sell used and new vehicles. Before we dive into the quarter, I want to take a moment to recognize Ishmael El-Sharif, our new Chief Product Officer. As we continue to innovate new products and services to bolster our platform, Isha's extensive experience with subscription and transaction models and his rich appreciation of both enterprise and consumer needs will be invaluable in strengthening our partnership with dealers and deepening our connection with consumers. Turning to our results, I'm pleased to share that we ended the first quarter at the high end of our forecasted revenue and above our adjusted EBITDA guidance range. In the first quarter, non-GAAP consolidated adjusted EBITDA grew 24% year over year, achieving the highest first quarter EBITDA margin in the last three years, driven by continued growth in our subscription base. In our marketplace business, revenue growth accelerated again in the first quarter to 12% year-over-year, and our quarterly net new bookings grew 28% year-over-year. We're also particularly pleased with the performance of our international business, which profitably grew revenue 24% year-over-year in the first quarter. Our strong marketplace results were driven by our ongoing focus on optimizing CarSid through the levers we've discussed in recent quarters. We are continuously enhancing the value of our listings tiers and are engaging with dealers more frequently to ensure they understand the full breadth of our platform's capabilities and are in the tier that best fits their strategy. At the same time, our consumer connections continue to drive greater ROI, so we are working to ensure pricing is commensurate with the value we provide. During both renewals of existing customers and new business conversations, we remain dedicated to cultivating enduring relationships with our dealers, supported by a growing set of data, insights, and tools integrated into their workflow to help them grow their businesses faster and manage operations more effectively. More broadly, our impressive results reflect our ongoing efforts to advance against four drivers of value creation that represent our current business priorities. One, provide more value to dealers. Two, improve the consumer experience. Three, enable digital transactions. And finally, four, rebuild and integrate digital wholesale. Providing more value to dealers. As I just mentioned, our primary focus is providing more value to our dealer partners using our data, platform, tools, and audience to support their businesses and become increasingly integrated into their decision-making processes and transaction flow. As we continue to innovate our products and leverage exceptional data insights with the aim of enhancing dealers' operating results and ROI from our platform, the quantity and quality of our leads remain pivotal factors. In the first quarter, we delivered double-digit growth in leads, driven by an increase in unique visitors and sessions. In the first quarter, we had 25% more unique visitors and 57% more minutes per visit than our next closest marketplace competitor, underscoring our audience leadership. The robustness of our traffic metrics is fueled by sustained growth in organic and owned channels. including direct traffic and app usage, which continue to grow year over year, reflecting our investments in brand and user experience. We continue to enhance the value of our various listings tiers, and as part of that effort, we continue to offer an increasing amount of Dealer Data Insights, or DDI, to our dealers, supporting their day-to-day decision-making process. DDI leverages our end-to-end retail and wholesale data ecosystems, and offers dealer-specific recommendations and insights to our dealers, which we believe helps them sell cars faster and at higher margins and will entrench us more deeply in their daily workflow. For example, in under two quarters, we have had several thousand dealers enroll in Next Best Deal Rating to inform their retail pricing decisions. Approximately 30% of enrolled dealers receive their reports daily, with the remaining 70% of dealers receiving them weekly. In the first quarter, our dealers made over 300,000 price changes driven by Next Best Deal Rating to sell cars faster and improve their dealership performance. Additionally, as we continue to prioritize predictive analytics to support dealers' day-to-day decision making, we are currently piloting our Inventory Acquisition Recommendations tool, which is designed to inform dealers about what vehicles they should acquire to meet the demand of consumers in their markets. This tool leverages both dealer inventory data and CarGurus website activity to improve the accuracy of turn-time predictions and will be accessible exclusively to subscribers of our premium listing tiers starting in Q2. In pursuit of long-term partnerships with dealers, we've refined our account management approach to increase communication frequency, foster thought partnership, and leverage local expertise to enhance customer value. These conversations allow us to convey the value and ROI we provide, and over time will allow us to capture greater dealer wallet share and maintain a long runway for Carson growth. Our renewed emphasis on lifecycle activities is already yielding remarkable results. In the first quarter, the number of dealers increased, and 31% of new contracts sold were annual contracts, more than twice as many as the prior year period. Better consumer experience. Along with providing increasing value to dealers, we strive to create a better consumer experience as we focus on simplifying the complexity of car shopping, whether that is financing, buying, or selling. As consumers increasingly look to complete more of the vehicle buying and selling journey online, we are providing them with the convenience and confidence they seek on our platform and are investing in a more seamless integration of the full range of transaction capabilities. We remain focused on enhancing the consumer experience across multiple platforms and have been investing in our market leading mobile app to make it an invaluable tool for consumers at any stage of their car buying or selling journey. Our app continued to be the number one automotive app in terms of downloads across iOS and Android and one of our fastest growing channels. Our app generated more than a quarter of total leads and app users averaged more than three sessions per week with strong engagement and loyalty. Approximately 70% of app users ultimately registered with us, allowing us to offer increasingly customized user experiences with recommendations tailored to their preferences and needs. We continue to offer our consumers the largest selection of used and new cars. In the first quarter, we grew our available listings by 30% year over year, and we ended the quarter with approximately 20% more available inventory than our next closest automotive competitor. We ended the quarter as the most visited automotive marketplace, with 57% more total visits than our next closest competitor, and 48% of our monthly unique visitors did not visit our leading competitors' websites. Our net promoter score remained extremely high, with 90% of buyers stating that they would recommend CarGurus to a friend. Transaction enablement. In the first quarter, we continue to execute against our vision of building an end-to-end transaction-enabled platform. During the quarter, we continue to experience tremendous adoption of digital deals, growing to 6,102 dealers as of the end of the first quarter, nearly tripling from the prior year. In providing these digital solutions, we enable transactions for our dealer partners, vastly expanding their reach to cater to the almost 60% of buyers open to complete their purchase online. encompassing nearly half a million digital deal-enabled vehicles. Digital deal leads accounted for approximately one-fourth of a dealer's email leads, and we have seen reservation deposits increase by 185% year-over-year. This is a remarkable achievement, as a growing number of consumers trust us with their credit card data, and we are delivering highly qualified leads to our dealers with higher close rates. A key component to creating our end-to-end transaction-enabled marketplace is the ability for consumers to not only shop for a vehicle on our site, but to also trade in their existing vehicle. In 2023, we began piloting Top Dealer Offers, a high-margin subscription service that facilitates matching a prospective car seller with the most suitable dealership. Our pilot has been well-received by both consumers and dealers. And we recently expanded this offering to major metropolitan areas, prioritizing our commercially savvy dealerships with the desire to aggressively acquire inventory. Dealers in our early access program have found exceptional value in top dealer offer leads, as we consider a number of factors such as price, dealership reputation, distance, and available trade and inventory to ensure optimal matches. We're the only marketplace player that offers both white gloves, sell-from-home experience with instant max cash offer, and drop-off at dealer location services via our top dealer offer subscription. In the quarter, we also continued to pilot CG Buy Online, further validating the product market fit of our digitally native retail platform. By the end of March, approximately 1,000 vehicles were enabled on this platform, with coverage across 10 states. We use the car offer platform to provide consumers with an estimated trade in value during the CG by online transaction journey. And these trade ins can either be purchased by a CG by online partner dealer or sold through the car offer platform. Rebuild and integrate digital wholesale. I'll wrap up by sharing our progress on rebuilding and integrating digital wholesale. As I mentioned earlier, excited to bring wholesale and retail insights together to assist our dealers in buying and selling inventory based on real-time retail pricing and market data. Since assuming control of car offer in December, we've been in the process of rebuilding our wholesale business and hiring new talent with the aim of creating a more efficient and scalable wholesale platform, and we are confident in the operational progress made so far. As we invigorate our go-to-market strategy to foster deeper, enduring partnerships with our dealer network, we have restructured Car Offer's sales organization and redefined its incentive structure. Our new sales model is based on a consultative approach, and we've begun selectively adding local consumer demand data and market day supply sourced from extensive data sets to our matrix recommendations. We are encouraged by early results, as we have seen new and returning dealers purchase five times as many vehicles per month and retained dealers double their monthly purchases when leveraging our powerful insights. We are bolstering our product strategy and increasing our investment in engineering and product development. Our teams are focused on improving matrix usability, leveraging CarGuru's differentiated data set to blend retail and wholesale data. We are incorporating consumer trends, competitive inventory analysis, and dealer turn times as we aim to optimize inventory acquisition strategies. Overall, we are proud of the progress and improvement the car offer team continues to make as we believe these steps are crucial to return the business to profitable growth in the next few quarters. To summarize, I'm thrilled with our financial results and business performance. Every quarter, we've continued to add products, insights, and features that leverage our end-to-end capabilities and deliver increasingly more value to our customers. We are becoming increasingly embedded in the dealer's daily workflow, making our services stickier over a longer period of time. We believe this will translate into continued earnings growth and a pipeline of products that we believe will deliver sustained expansion over time. With each step, we remain dedicated to sound financial management, operational excellence, and efficient capital deployment, which we believe are the foundation to continue to enhance profitability and create enduring value for shareholders. Now, let me turn it over to Aliza to discuss our financial results.
Car Offer 's
Thank you, Jason, and thank you all for joining us today. My commentary will cover a detailed overview of our first quarter performance, followed by our guidance for the second quarter of 2024. First quarter consolidated revenue was $216 million, down 7% year-over-year, driven by lower wholesale and product volumes, partly set by healthy expansion of our monthly recurring revenue base. Marketplace revenue was $187 million for the first quarter, up 12% year-over-year, driven by continued strength in subscriptions, as net new MRR drew 28% year-over-year, resulting in a $20 million increase in listings revenues. Consolidated car seeds do approximately 14% year-over-year, driven primarily by the addition of new active dealers at current market rates and increasing adoption of add-on products such as stock dealer offers. International car seeds achieved the strongest year-over-year growth since the first quarter of 2022, reflecting positive momentum in renewals both in the UK and in Canada. Hotel revenue was 16 million for the first quarter, down 36% year over year, driven by a decline in dealer-to-dealer transaction volume as we continue to focus on rebuilding our go-to-market engine and improving our product offering and customer service, which we believe will result in a higher degree of confidence and trust among our dealer customers. Lastly, product revenue was 12 million for the first quarter, down 69% year over year, reflecting instant max cash offer decline as a growing number of consumer and dealers continue to opt in for our highly profitable subscription-based consumer vehicle sourcing product, top dealer offers. Despite a decline in instant max cash offer transactions, we have seen increasing demand for top dealer offers, which drives high margin subscription revenue to our marketplace business. The combined impact of these two offerings is accretive at the consolidated gross profit level. I will now discuss our profitability and expenses on a non-GAAP basis. First quarter non-GAAP consolidated gross profit was $176 million, up 10% year over year. Non-GAAP gross margin was 82%, up from 69% in the prior year quarter. The meaningful year-over-year expansion in non-GAAP gross margin was primarily due to the shift in revenue mix toward our high-margin marketplace business. Marketplace non-GAAP gross margin expanded 160 basis points year-over-year to 92%, driven by favorable product mix. Our digital wholesale no-gap gross margin was down approximately 200 basis points year-over-year, as Carafer lowered transaction volume was not sufficient to cover our fixed-cost base. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA was $50.4 million, up 24% year-over-year. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin was 23%, approximately 580 basis points higher year-over-year. Marketplace adjusted EBITDA grew 29% year-over-year to approximately $55 million. Digital wholesale adjusted EBITDA loss was $4.5 million in the first quarter. First quarter non-GAAP operating expenses increased by 6% year-over-year to $131 million, predominantly driven by higher sales and marketing spend, which was up 9% year over year, but modestly below our initial expectations. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders was 30% for the first quarter, up 23% year over year, reflecting the increase in consolidated adjusted EBITDA and lower share accounts. We ended the first quarter with $246 million in cash and cash equivalents. a decrease of 66 million from the end of the fourth quarter. The lower cash balance was primarily driven by 81 million spent on share repurchases in the quarter and cash payments related to our new headquarters build out. I will now close my prepared remarks with our outlook for the second quarter. We expect our second quarter consolidated revenue to be in the range of 202 to 222 million We expect the momentum in our marketplace business to continue in the second quarter with quarterly revenue expected to be in the range of 189 to 194 million, up between 11% and 13% year over year. In the second quarter, we expect digital wholesale segment volumes to be down sequentially. as we continue to rebuild our sales organization and optimize our unit economics, further compounded by expected strong market adoption for top dealer offers. We expect our second quarter non-GAAP consolidated adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $47 million to $55 million. Given our OPEX outperformance in the first quarter, we now expect non-GAAP operating expenses as a percentage of revenue to remain flat in the second quarter and to decline progressively in the second half of the year. Finally, we expect non-GAAP earnings per share to be in the range of 29 cents to 34 cents and fully diluted outstanding shares to be approximately 105.5 million. With that, I would like to open the call for Q&A.
Operator
Thank you, ma'am. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now be conducting the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. The confirmation turn will indicate that you are using the question queue. you may press star two to leave the question queue. For participants making use of speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. To give everyone the opportunity to participate, please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. If time allows, you're welcome to rejoin the question queue for further questions. Our first question comes from Marvin Tong of BTIG. Please go ahead.
Marvin Tong
Good evening. Thanks for taking my questions. Two questions, if I may. So I was interested in your disclosure that new bookings was up 28%. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I don't believe you've ever given us a specific percentage a number on this. I'm just curious, you know, how should we view this as a leading indicator of revenue growth? You know, what's sort of the correlation and, you know, the phase-in of those bookings into revenue? And then my second question, just on top dealer, understand the excitement around that product. You know, how much of a driver of CARCID improvement was that in this last quarter? You know, was it material at all considering, you know, how early stage the product is? Maybe it could just kind of help us understand the dynamics there. Thank you.
Car Offer 's
Thanks for your question. So in terms of marketplace revenue, I recommend you, I would point you out to the listings, which were actually up 20 million this quarter. versus $16 million last quarter year over year. And so we are seeing a continued acceleration of the top line growth at the marketplace.
Sam
And it's reflected in this, Jason Haymarvin, and it's reflected in the guidance to give you a sense for flow through.
Marvin Tong
Okay, so... We should just kind of see it as that's revenue that's sort of recognized in the next quarter.
Jason
Yeah, I mean, typically when we bring on a new customer, that gets activated fairly quickly. I mean, sometimes they'll have an intro rate or something like that, but it tends to materialize in pretty short order. Now, it does depend in terms of when it's booked. in the quarter in terms of its impact in that quarter relative to the next quarter. But, you know, they're monthly. I mean, they may be an annual contract, as you've heard us say in the script, but they're billed and recognized monthly. So the flow-through, you know, the best way for you to get a sense for that outside of those sort of intra-month comments and intro rate is through the guidance. In terms of top dealer offer impact on CarSid, there are a number of drivers of CarSid. As you've heard us say, the primary ones are us bringing new customers on at more commensurate market rates. The other is, another big one is upgrading dealers to higher package tiers. And a lot of that is driven by us continuing to add more and more tools, insights, features, even some products into the higher tiers that are packing more value into that rather than charging a la carte. And then the third is new products. And so a top dealer offer we would consider a new product.
Marvin Tong
Okay, understood. Thanks a lot. Appreciate it.
spk26
Yes.
Jason
The next question comes from Jade Kelly of Oppenheimer & Company.
Operator
Please go ahead.
spk11
Hey, great. Thanks for taking my question. Just looking at the margins in the marketplace, looks like they were pretty strong. Can you kind of tell us, like, is that the right basis to look at? And then can you kind of give us a sense on, you know, I granted you gave us a 2Q guidance, but can you give us a sense on how you're sort of thinking about the marketing cadence going for the balance of the year?
spk13
Thank you.
Car Offer 's
Yeah, so the marketplace business continues to experience strong growth at the top line and also to demonstrate operating leverage. And you should expect that also going forward. In terms of the marketing cadence, so I'll remind you what we said about OPEX. As percentage of revenue, we expect it to be flat in the second quarter and then to decline sequentially in the second half of the year. In terms of marketing spend cadence, What we anticipate is Q1 to be the largest quarter as we front-loaded our branding expense related to our new advertising campaign, Your Car, Your Way, and then Q4 to be the smallest quarter in terms of marketing spend as we typically dial down our media spend around the holiday season.
Sam
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Rajat Gupta of JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Rajat Gupta
Great. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe like just to clarify, you know, the second quarter commentary, you know, the complexion of the marketplace revenue. Could you give us a sense of how much of that sequential pickup or maybe you want to talk about year-over-year, is coming from, you know, Carcid improvement versus paying dealers. And maybe relatedly, you know, if you could touch upon the outlook for the international business a bit more, you know, over the next few quarters. Any initiatives in the pipeline that could potentially capitalize the segment further? I mean, clearly strong uptake here in, like, the Carcid And also, like, dealer calendars, there's a period of time what's going on there, and, you know, and if all would come, it would be helpful. Thanks.
Car Offer 's
So in terms of CARSID, it was up 14% year over year and was primarily driven by dealers migrating to higher subscription tiers as well as new dealers joining at market rate. Sorry, the number of dealers is also up substantially from the fourth quarter as we registered the highest number of new dealers joining our platform since the first quarter of 2021. And also we add 30% of the contracts for new dealers being longer than one year, which suggests that over time our retention will go up.
Rajat Gupta
And the second quarter guidance on Marketplace, does that resume continued improvement on both the cost and the dealer count, or is one dominating the other? as you think about the remainder of the year?
Car Offer 's
Yeah, we don't guide on these two specific drivers. However, what I can tell you is that our guidance implies to add year over year more revenue, both at the low end and the high end, to add more revenue than we did in the last two quarters.
spk10
So we are seeing continued momentum in the marketplace this weekend.
Rajat Gupta
Got it. And just on the international side, any other thoughts there on any new initiatives during the pipeline to catalyze that segment further?
spk20
I'm happy to take it, Rajat. Thank you for noticing.
Rajat
Our business is cranking in the marketplace across the globe, so I'm really proud to say that It's not just one market that's doing it. You know that we got to profitability in those markets, and we're really excited about where they're going. We're fueling fast growth there. I think we described the 24% growth in the international markets. So we're really excited about where those are going. It opens up huge opportunities for us. We're catching the market leaders. It leaves us opportunities to launch some new products that we've launched here in the U.S., and that means more CAR-SID growth and more ability to ad dealers as we have in the international markets, but it also opens up partnerships to look at other ways to continue to add on new product capability beyond what we build organically. And we'll probably follow the path we're doing here with, you've seen the addition of new products that have helped consumers move further down the transaction cycle. And so both of those give us huge opportunity to continue catching the big market leaders there. And I think we're really astounded by the growth and profitability in those businesses and are excited to keep that going.
Rajat Gupta
Great. Thanks for the call. I'll get back to you.
Jason
The next question comes from John Calantoni of Jefferies. Please go ahead.
John Calantoni
Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to zoom in on car offer. A few years ago, there was a ramp of investments in product and marketing to expand awareness and build tech capabilities behind the offering. After having already gone through that initial investment phase, are there any learnings that could help make you more efficient next time around once you're ready to relaunch the wholesale offering so there might be a more tempered increase in expenses?
spk07
Thanks.
spk20
Hey, John, thanks for the question. Sam Zales here.
Rajat
I don't know that I characterized the investment a couple of years ago as major investment in product and marketing. Quite honestly, as we're looking at this business, and we couldn't be more excited about the combination of wholesale and retail coming together. We're still the only instant trade platform in the market, and we know that putting wholesale and retail together, as you heard in the prepared remarks, that we are now seeing some really interesting growth in transactions from those dealers who are using the CarGurus information on consumer demand tied to their inventory strategies and making more investments in that way. So we were still building and running a startup there that was running and incented on daily profits. That business focus was how do we get the most out of each day to maximize our incentive in the acquisition of the business? We are now running the business like we run the CarGurus business. Our focus in this investment is product first. Let's make sure that the product capabilities and the analyzers that we've built into Matrix are going to optimize customer results. And quite honestly, we're rebuilding customer demand from a product capability that we didn't that we didn't have in the days that we didn't fully acquire the business. So the focus on product now, the focus on tooling our operations to make sure those are optimized so we make money at a low volume as a business when we get to that point, and now recrafting our go-to-market team and our sales and service teams to focus on consulting and putting this data analytics and the AI we're creating to look at CarGurus data on consumer demand matched to inventory strategies and inventory profits for our dealers, is showing its first sign of growth in this two to five times increase in transaction activity. So I wouldn't say that any time in the past there was real investment for the long term on product and marketing. At Car Offer today, we're making those investments now so we can retool and build back the business demand that we've had from our customers
spk20
in the past and go for growth as we go forward.
Sam
Thank you.
Jason
The next question comes from Navid Khan of B. Reilly.
Operator
Please go ahead.
spk06
Thanks a lot. So it's great to see the traction you're seeing with dealer count and new dealer growth. Maybe can you just share with us the monthly trend? If you saw strength kind of building throughout the quarter, how does April look like? And the other kind of related question is on the, you know, you shared the percentage of annual contracts. In terms of pricing, does an annual kind of look the same on a sort of monthly times 12, or is it? Did the dealers get a discount? How should we think about that? Thank you.
spk14
Sure.
Jason
I can take a crack in the bed. Thanks for the question. So, I mean, monthly trends building towards the quarter. We don't talk about current quarter. So, you know, in our scripted comments, you can see and hear a number of trends that we talked about that resulted in in the first quarter. In terms of contract, I mean, there's a number of, if I understood the extent of that question, so correct me if I'm wrong or clarify, an annual contract, I think, is helpful in a number of ways. I think it sets a different expectation for customers in their relationship with us. I think it's actually a function of us building closer and better and more consultative relationships with our customers. I don't think they would be willing to sign an annual contract, frankly, if they didn't think that we were going to be a longer-term partner. And in the past, we weren't necessarily always earning the right to be a long-term partner to them. But now as we're delivering more insights and more tools, and as Sam just referenced, ways in which we're helping them source smarter and price smarter, they realize that we're adding a lot more value beyond just leads. We haven't ever commented on pricing implications for annual contracts versus monthly, but I think you can think of them as very similar, although a lot of software companies for longer-term contracts may initiate a slight discount, but it's not anything big. I mean, they've they think of our pricing in a very similar way, whether it's signing a monthly or an annual.
Sam
Great. Thank you.
Jason
The next question comes from Tom White of DA Davidson. Please go ahead.
Tom White
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Jason, your comments about the DDIs and also kind of the more consultative approach you're taking with car offer, I don't know, it seems to me like you guys are, maybe you have been talking about this, but it seems like you're increasing your focus on leveraging all of your data in more creative ways and kind of circling it back to your customers. Can you just talk a little bit about the high-level kind of monetization opportunity of that strategy? And then I got to follow up.
Jason
Sure. Hey, Tom. So you're right that we're talking about it more because we are delivering more. I would think of it on maybe a couple different dimensions. The first dimension is how we're using our insights to just help them sell cars better, smarter, faster with higher margin in our listings business. And so you've heard us talk about over time, as we have had a pretty steady introduction of these, we're giving our dealer customers information on their market share of leads in the market relative to their market share of units of inventory. We're giving them information on how quickly they are dropping prices and the magnitude of their price drops. We're giving them information on what are demand trends in the market relative to supply data. More recently, we've talked about next best deal rating, which helps them reduce how much they drop the price of a car to maintain margin, but generate a lot more interest on the car by increasing the rating of that car and getting more activity on our site. You heard us talk about an inventory acquisition recommendation tool that uses, again, supply and demand data to inform cars they should be stocking on their lots. And so we're really starting to take our – and the next level is with car offer, and I'll get to that in a second – We're really starting to reorient our thinking as we've been building a lot of these capabilities, products, insights, and taking more of a customer lens through our dealers to say, we can tie all of the steps that you need to do as a dealer together through our data. So you need to source inventory and predict how that inventory is going to do. You need to price it. You need to market it in a number of different ways. You need to merchandise it in a number of different ways. You need to ultimately sell it. You need to retain your customer. And so when we take the dealer lens and realize all the data we have, we can help in most of those steps. When you then layer in car offer, that gives us access to the whole sort of backend, if you will, of that value chain in the wholesale market to do things that really just honestly help them predict more. It's what kind of car should I acquire? based on how I predict that car will sell in four weeks when I have it ready for sale. And that becomes a really virtuous cycle. So we think our data is more end-to-end than others in the market. We have the chops and are investing the resources to turn that data into insights. The way we're bringing that to market today, we have done some a la carte pricing in the past. One example is LEED AI. where that's another great example. Actually, we're giving dealers more information on the shoppers that are coming to their dealerships. They have a better ability to close those sales. But really, right now, we've found that in order to gain adoption of them, it's better for us to bundle them into packages and tiers of listings products. And when we do that, we get a couple benefits. One, they're upselling into higher tiers because some of these we only offer to higher tiers. And two, they are stickier customers and we're seeing better retention because they're more reliant on our data. And the next best deal rating example is a great one. In a very short period of time, we have many thousands of dealers using it. 30% of them are getting that information daily. Like their general managers are using it daily. And that's just a whole different ballgame from where we were in the past when they may or may not open our dashboard. Yes, data is a theme that is growing in volume, and yes, it's the thread that's holding together the intent.
Tom
That's great. That's super interesting. Thank you.
Tom White
Maybe just a quick follow-up. You know, CAR-SID growth obviously continues to be super strong, and it looks like the guidance by my math kind of looks like another, like, double-digit kind of growth quarter for CAR-SID. How should we think about the sustainability of this level of CAR-SID growth kind of over the next several quarters. Thanks.
spk14
I'll keep going. I'm on a roll.
Jason
It is quite sustainable. I mean, we've talked about many levers that drive it. Most of those levers exist, you know, for a long time. And the example I just gave is a perfect reflection of that, that as we add more value to dealers, even if we do it through bundling of a listings product, it's actually adding a ton of value to their dealership. And so, you know, I think, we think their mindset is shifting from, I'm not, you know, just paying for leads. I'm paying for the ability to elevate the sophistication of my dealership. And it just so happens it's coming from who is also providing me leads. So package upsells, I think, has continued upside if we continue to execute on introducing these value-added features and insights. Bringing dealers to market rate as we bring on new dealers, we have a lot of dealers that have been on for a long time and are still well below market. We think our competitors are raising unit prices as well, and so the unit pricing ceiling continues to rise and we still think we're a very strong ROI because we think on balance we're still less expensive. And then other products, you know, Top Dealer offers a good example of that. We have a lot of new ideas and you heard me introduce Mish very briefly in the talking, in the script rather, and he's bringing just a really terrific lens through the dealer customer-centric lens. And so between what he's bringing and the more unified activity with the car offer, we think there's new opportunities for new products that didn't exist before.
Sam
Got it. Thanks so much, Jason.
Jason
Our next question comes from Doug Arthur of Hope News Research.
Operator
Please go ahead.
spk32
Yeah, thanks. Elisa, on the operating expenses, it seemed gap or non-gap, sales and marketing was elevated, product tech, product development was down, G&A was elevated. Is there anything to read into a trend there, or is that more just on the sales and marketing side opportunistic?
Car Offer 's
Yeah, thanks for the question. It's primarily the marketing that was elevated in the first quarter, as we said, because we from loaded our branding spend related to our advertising campaign. But as we said, we should decline into the fourth quarter and throughout the year. And our OPEX in the second half of the year as percentage of revenue should also continue to decline.
spk32
Okay, all right. Yeah, no, I know you mentioned that.
spk14
Okay, great. Thank you. That's fine.
Jason
The next question comes from Ron Josie of Citigroup. Please go ahead.
Ron Josie
Hi, this is James Michael on for Ron. Can you help us impact the 30% inventory lift you saw in the quarter? What trends are you seeing in the new and used autos macro, and what controllables are you executing against here to expand inventory? And then any more color on the potential you see from the new inventory acquisition recommendations tool would be helpful as well, and if you think this is a driver of Carson.
Jason
Sure. I can have you repeat the second part of that because that was fast. I mean, on the inventory expansion, that's, you know, there's two functions to that, paying dealers and how we treat our premium dealers and bring them on. And there was not a lot of change in terms of our treatment of freemium dealers. We grew paying dealers modestly, so that will help it a little bit. But at the stage that we're at now, it's largely just market macro increases and decreases. And what you've seen recently is an increase in new cars for the most part. I think used cars have continued to tick up a little bit. They're still not a pre-pandemic. New is still nowhere near pre-pandemic, but the biggest changes most recently were new car inventory. Inventory acquisition tool is, you asked, I think, how that affects retention. First of all, it's our most recent ones within Pilot, and it's still small numbers of dealers You know, we think all of these tools are going to have a positive impact on retention. I mean, one thing to keep in mind is that different segments of dealers, and if you think about it really simplistically, there's franchise, large and small, independent, large and small, and then there's varying levels of sophistication and capability within each of those segments. And so to some dealers, an inventory acquisition recommendation tool is going to be something that perhaps like Next Best Deal Rating they use every day. Others may have other tools or may not be as reliant on it. But we think each of these will, for the segments that they apply the most, will help with retention. To be honest, that's hard to isolate that as a test and measure how much of an improvement it will have, any one tool will have on retention. But our philosophy, and I think what you will see from us, is we're going to continue to introduce a lot of these insights You know, we're kind of just getting started, especially as we bring Car Offer together with us, that we think in aggregate will have a very positive impact.
spk14
I did not catch that last part of your question.
Ron Josie
Yeah, I think you addressed the question on the inventory recommendations. That's helpful. My second question is just around the app. Obviously, some success in kind of downloads, engagement, the 25% lead contribution. Can you talk about the investments you're making in either marketing or the core app infrastructure to drive some of those gains?
Jason
A lot of that's in product and tech. It's not, you know, there's a little bit more marketing that is geared toward app, but a lot of it is that we're improving it from a product perspective. You know, in hindsight, we're probably a little bit behind the curve from an industry perspective in terms of investing in our app because we were being so successful in mobile web. And I think now as we start to invest more resources in the product, we're seeing really fantastic results. In fact, we started to see improvement in results before we started putting resources on it. As we put more resources on it, and when I say on it, I mean things like engagement and features that are unique to an app usage environment that's distinct from a web usage environment, mobile web environment, we're just seeing tremendous uptake. We're seeing an engagement and growth in the app. Things like registration and things like frequency of use, engagement with dealers, time spent, our ability to message and communicate with them. So we're really excited about the app and we're proud of how it's getting recognized relative to others in our sector.
Rajat
Hey, James, I'm just going to add something. It's Sam Zales here. Thanks for the question on both because Jason hit it all, but just a couple of pieces of color from the market. One is when you add things like top dealer offer to your app and you say, we sell my car, we're the only player in the market that offers either the white glove, pick up the vehicle at your home or or drop it off at the dealership and make a little bit more money. It is a truly unique offering in the market. It's one of the reasons 70% of the app users are registering and saying, I want to think about this at some point in my future. I'm going to be in the long-term transaction model of auto ownership. It creates that incredible number one position in the app space for automotive marketplaces. Number two is on the inventory acquisition report. As another example, as Jason was talking about analytics, A dealer typically says to us, quantity and quality of leads is the price of entry into this business. And you can see from our car SID growth, our marketplace growth, the lead growth we talked about year over year at DoubleDigit, the lead we have on our competitors for visitors and visits, the lead we have on our competitors from an inventory perspective, that all fuels that lead volume and lead growth. and lead quality that we have that we believe drives the highest ROI in the business and leads to that growth in our marketplace business. The second part of that, though, is can you teach me how to run my dealership more profitably? So all of those analytics reports that Jason's talking about, including this new inventory acquisition report, nobody in the market can take consumer demand with the largest audience in the marketplace and match that against inventory turns in a local market and help that dealer say, here's your best option to meet the market demand in your market, acquire that inventory, and turn your inventory more quickly, which is both a car offer and car guru's value proposition in the synergy of our businesses that we think is truly differentiated.
Sam
Got it. Thank you both for the call. It was very helpful.
Jason
Thank you.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the end of the question and answer session. I will now hand over to Jason Traverson for closing remarks.
Jason
Thank you very much. I just wanted to give a special thanks as we always do to all of our employees. We're extremely proud of all the innovation and growth that we're experiencing as a company. I'd also like to thank everyone today who joined for your interest and support of us We look forward to seeing many of you at upcoming conferences.
Sam
Have a good evening.
Jason
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's event.
Sam
Thank you for attending, and you may now disconnect your lines. Thank you. Thank you. you Thank you. Thank you.
Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to CarGurus, Inc.' 's first quarter 2024 Earnings Results Conference. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. To give everyone the opportunity to participate, please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. If you should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Please note, this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to Kendi Singh, Vice President, Head of Investor Relations.
Kendi Singh
Thank you, Operator. Good afternoon. I'm delighted to welcome you to CarGuru's first quarter 2024 earnings call. With me on the call today are Jason Trebison, Chief Executive Officer, Sam Zales, President and Chief Operating Officer, and Aliza Palazzo, Chief Financial Officer. During the call, we will be making forward-looking statements which are based on our current expectations and beliefs. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements. Information concerning those risks and uncertainties is discussed in our SEC filings, which can be found on our SEC's website and in the investor relations section of our website. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements except as required by law. Further, during the course of our call today, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to comparable non-GAAP measures is included in our press release issued today, as well as in our updated investor presentation, which can be found on the investor relations section of our website. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency as it relates to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. With that, I'll now turn over the call to Jason.
Jason
Thank you, Kardeep, and thanks to all of you for joining us today. Each year, I share a theme that serves as our North Star. For 2024, our guiding principle is intelligent acceleration as we leverage our industry-leading marketplace business, end-to-end transaction-enabled platform, and integrated retail and wholesale data ecosystem with the aim of continuing to grow our business even more profitably. We'll begin the discussion today with a high-level review of our quarterly results, then highlight the progress against our drivers of value creation, and take you through our exciting journey to innovate and transform the way dealers and consumers predict, source, market, and sell used and new vehicles. Before we dive into the quarter, I want to take a moment to recognize Ismael El-Sharif, our new Chief Product Officer. As we continue to innovate new products and services to bolster our platform, Isha's extensive experience with subscription and transaction models and his rich appreciation of both enterprise and consumer needs will be invaluable in strengthening our partnership with dealers and deepening our connection with consumers. Turning to our results, I'm pleased to share that we ended the first quarter at the high end of our forecasted revenue and above our adjusted EBITDA guidance range. In the first quarter, non-GAAP consolidated adjusted EBITDA grew 24% year over year, achieving the highest first quarter EBITDA margin in the last three years, driven by continued growth in our subscription base. In our marketplace business, revenue growth accelerated again in the first quarter to 12% year over year, and our quarterly net new bookings grew 28% year over year. We're also particularly pleased with the performance of our international business, which profitably grew revenue 24% year over year in the first quarter. Our strong marketplace results were driven by our ongoing focus on optimizing CarSid through the levers we've discussed in recent quarters. We are continuously enhancing the value of our listings tiers and are engaging with dealers more frequently to ensure they understand the full breadth of our platform's capabilities and are in the tier that best fits their strategy. At the same time, our consumer connections continue to drive greater ROI, so we are working to ensure pricing is commensurate with the value we provide. During both renewals of existing customers and new business conversations, we remain dedicated to cultivating enduring relationships with our dealers, supported by a growing set of data, insights, and tools integrated into their workflow to help them grow their businesses faster and manage operations more effectively. More broadly, our impressive results reflect our ongoing efforts to advance against four drivers of value creation that represent our current business priorities. One, provide more value to dealers. Two, improve the consumer experience. Three, enable digital transactions. And finally, four, rebuild and integrate digital wholesale. Providing more value to dealers. As I just mentioned, our primary focus is providing more value to our dealer partners using our data platform tools and audience to support their businesses and become increasingly integrated into their decision-making processes and transaction flow. As we continue to innovate our products and leverage exceptional data insights with the aim of enhancing dealers operating results and ROI from our platform, the quantity and quality of our leads remain pivotal factors. In the first quarter, we delivered double-digit growth in leads, driven by an increase in unique visitors and sessions. In the first quarter, we had 25% more unique visitors and 57% more minutes per visit than our next closest marketplace competitor, underscoring our audience leadership. The robustness of our traffic metrics is fueled by sustained growth in organic and owned channels. including direct traffic and app usage, which continue to grow year over year, reflecting our investments in brand and user experience. We continue to enhance the value of our various listings tiers, and as part of that effort, we continue to offer an increasing amount of Dealer Data Insights, or DDI, to our dealers, supporting their day-to-day decision-making process. DDI leverages our end-to-end retail and wholesale data ecosystems, and offers dealer-specific recommendations and insights to our dealers, which we believe helps them sell cars faster and at higher margins and will entrench us more deeply in their daily workflow. For example, in under two quarters, we have had several thousand dealers enroll in Next Best Deal Rating to inform their retail pricing decisions. Approximately 30% of enrolled dealers receive their reports daily, with the remaining 70% of dealers receiving them weekly. In the first quarter, our dealers made over 300,000 price changes driven by Next Best Deal Rating to sell cars faster and improve their dealership performance. Additionally, as we continue to prioritize predictive analytics to support dealers' day-to-day decision making, we are currently piloting our Inventory Acquisition Recommendations tool, which is designed to inform dealers about what vehicles they should acquire to meet the demand of consumers in their markets. This tool leverages both dealer inventory data and CarGurus website activity to improve the accuracy of turn time predictions and will be accessible exclusively to subscribers of our premium listing peers starting in Q2. In pursuit of long-term partnerships with dealers, we've refined our account management approach to increase communication frequency, foster thought partnership, and leverage local expertise to enhance customer value. These conversations allow us to convey the value and ROI we provide, and over time will allow us to capture greater dealer wallet share and maintain a long runway for Carson growth. Our renewed emphasis on lifecycle activities is already yielding remarkable results. In the first quarter, the number of dealers increased, and 31% of new contracts sold were annual contracts, more than twice as many as the prior year period. Better consumer experience. Along with providing increasing value to dealers, we strive to create a better consumer experience as we focus on simplifying the complexity of car shopping, whether that is financing, buying, or selling. As consumers increasingly look to complete more of the vehicle buying and selling journey online, we are providing them with the convenience and confidence they seek on our platform and are investing in a more seamless integration of the full range of transaction capabilities. We remain focused on enhancing the consumer experience across multiple platforms and have been investing in our market leading mobile app to make it an invaluable tool for consumers at any stage of their car buying or selling journey. Our app continued to be the number one automotive app in terms of downloads across iOS and Android and one of our fastest growing channels. Our app generated more than a quarter of total leads and app users averaged more than three sessions per week with strong engagement and loyalty. Approximately 70% of app users ultimately registered with us, allowing us to offer increasingly customized user experiences with recommendations tailored to their preferences and needs. We continue to offer our consumers the largest selection of used and new cars. In the first quarter, we grew our available listings by 30% year over year, and we ended the quarter with approximately 20% more available inventory than our next closest automotive competitor. We ended the quarter as the most visited automotive marketplace, with 57% more total visits than our next closest competitor, and 48% of our monthly unique visitors did not visit our leading competitors' websites. Our net promoter score remained extremely high, with 90% of buyers stating that they would recommend CarGurus to a friend. Transaction enablement. In the first quarter, we continue to execute against our vision of building an end-to-end transaction-enabled platform. During the quarter, we continue to experience tremendous adoption of digital deals, growing to 6,102 dealers as of the end of the first quarter, nearly tripling from the prior year. In providing these digital solutions, we enable transactions for our dealer partners, vastly expanding their reach to cater to the almost 60% of buyers open to complete their purchase online. encompassing nearly half a million digital deal-enabled vehicles. Digital deal leads accounted for approximately one-fourth of a dealer's email leads, and we have seen reservation deposits increase by 185% year-over-year. This is a remarkable achievement, as a growing number of consumers trust us with their credit card data, and we are delivering highly qualified leads to our dealers with higher close rates. A key component to creating our end-to-end transaction enabled marketplace is the ability for consumers to not only shop for a vehicle on our site, but to also trade in their existing vehicle. In 2023, we began piloting Top Dealer Offers, a high margin subscription service that facilitates matching a prospective car seller with the most suitable dealership. Our pilot has been well received by both consumers and dealers, and we recently expanded this offering to major metropolitan areas, prioritizing our commercially savvy dealerships with the desire to aggressively acquire inventory. Dealers in our early access program have found exceptional value in top dealer offer leads, as we consider a number of factors such as price, dealership reputation, distance, and available trade and inventory to ensure optimal matches. We're the only marketplace player that offers both white gloves, sell-from-home experience with instant max cash offer, and drop-off at dealer location services via our top dealer offer subscription. In the quarter, we also continued to pilot CG Buy Online, further validating the product market fit of our digitally native retail platform. By the end of March, approximately 1,000 vehicles were enabled on this platform, with coverage across 10 states. We use the car offer platform to provide consumers with an estimated trade in value during the CG by online transaction journey. And these trade ins can either be purchased by a CG by online partner dealer or sold through the car offer platform. Rebuild and integrate digital wholesale. I'll wrap up by sharing our progress on rebuilding and integrating digital wholesale. As I mentioned earlier, excited to bring wholesale and retail insights together to assist our dealers in buying and selling inventory based on real-time retail pricing and market data. Since assuming control of car offer in December, we've been in the process of rebuilding our wholesale business and hiring new talent with the aim of creating a more efficient and scalable wholesale platform, and we are confident in the operational progress made so far. As we invigorate our go-to-market strategy to foster deeper, enduring partnerships with our dealer network, we have restructured Car Offer's sales organization and redefined its incentive structure. Our new sales model is based on a consultative approach, and we've begun selectively adding local consumer demand data and market day supply sourced from extensive data sets to our matrix recommendations. We are encouraged by early results, as we have seen new and returning dealers purchase five times as many vehicles per month, and retained dealers double their monthly purchases when leveraging our powerful insights. We are bolstering our product strategy and increasing our investment in engineering and product development. Our teams are focused on improving matrix usability, leveraging CarGuru's differentiated data set to blend retail and wholesale data. We are incorporating consumer trends, competitive inventory analysis, and dealer turn times as we aim to optimize inventory acquisition strategies. Overall, we are proud of the progress and improvement the car offer team continues to make as we believe these steps are crucial to return the business to profitable growth in the next few quarters. To summarize, I'm thrilled with our financial results and business performance. Every quarter, we've continued to add products, insights, and features that leverage our end-to-end capabilities and deliver increasingly more value to our customers. We are becoming increasingly embedded in the dealer's daily workflow, making our services stickier over a longer period of time. We believe this will translate into continued earnings growth and a pipeline of products that we believe will deliver sustained expansion over time. With each step, we remain dedicated to sound financial management, operational excellence, and efficient capital deployment, which we believe are the foundation to continue to enhance profitability and create enduring value for shareholders. Now, let me turn it over to Aliza to discuss our financial results.
Car Offer 's
Thank you, Jason, and thank you all for joining us today. My commentary will cover a detailed overview of our first quarter performance, followed by our guidance for the second quarter of 2024. First quarter consolidated revenue was $216 million, down 7% year-over-year, driven by lower wholesale and product volumes, partly set by healthy expansion of our monthly recurring revenue base. Marketplace revenue was $187 million for the first quarter, up 12% year-over-year, driven by continued strength in subscriptions, as net new MRR drew 28% year-over-year, resulting in a $20 million increase in listings revenues. Consolidated car seeds do approximately 14% year-over-year, driven primarily by the addition of new active dealers at current market rates and increasing adoption of add-on products such as stock dealer offers. International car seeds achieved the strongest year-over-year growth since the first quarter of 2022, reflecting positive momentum in renewals both in the UK and in Canada. Wholesale revenue was $16 million for the first quarter, down 36% year-over-year, driven by a decline in dealer-to-dealer transaction volume as we continue to focus on rebuilding our go-to-market engine and improving our product offering and customer service, which we believe will result in a higher degree of confidence and trust among our dealer customers. Lastly, product revenue was 12 million for the first quarter, down 69% year over year, reflecting instant max cash offer decline as a growing number of consumer and dealers continue to opt in for our highly profitable subscription-based consumer vehicle sourcing product, top dealer offers. Despite a decline in instant max cash offer transactions, we have seen increasing demand for top dealer offers which drives high margin subscription revenue to our marketplace business. The combined impact of these two offerings is accretive at the consolidated gross profit level. I will now discuss our profitability and expenses on a non-GAAP basis. First quarter non-GAAP consolidated gross profit was $176 million, up 10% year over year. Non-GAAP gross margin was 82%, up from 69% in the prior year quarter. The meaningful year-over-year expansion in non-GAAP gross margin was primarily due to the shift in revenue mix toward our high-margin marketplace business. Marketplace non-GAAP gross margin expanded 160 basis points year-over-year to 92%, driven by favorable product mix. Our digital wholesale no-gap gross margin was down approximately 200 basis points year-over-year, as Carafer lowered transaction volume was not sufficient to cover our fixed cost base. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA was $50.4 million, up 24% year-over-year. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin was 23%, approximately 580 basis points higher year-over-year. Marketplace adjusted EBITDA grew 29% year over year to approximately $55 million. Digital wholesale adjusted EBITDA loss was $4.5 million in the first quarter. First quarter non-GAAP operating expenses increased by 6% year over year to $131 million, predominantly driven by higher sales and marketing spend, which was up 9% year over year, but modestly below our initial expectations. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders was 30% for the first quarter, up 23% year over year, reflecting the increase in consolidated adjusted EBITDA and lower share accounts. We ended the first quarter with $246 million in cash and cash equivalents. a decrease of 66 million from the end of the fourth quarter. The lower cash balance was primarily driven by 81 million spent on share repurchases in the quarter and cash payments related to our new headquarters build out. I will now close my prepared remarks with our outlook for the second quarter. We expect our second quarter consolidated revenue to be in the range of 202 to 222 million We expect the momentum in our marketplace business to continue in the second quarter, with quarterly revenue expected to be in the range of 189 to 194 million, up between 11% and 13% year over year. In the second quarter, we expect digital wholesale segment volumes to be down sequentially. as we continue to rebuild our sales organization and optimize our unit economics, further compounded by expected strong market adoption for top dealer offers. We expect our second quarter non-GAAP consolidated adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of 47 million to 55 million. Given our OPEX outperformance in the first quarter, we now expect non-GAAP operating expenses as a percentage of revenue to remain flat in the second quarter and to decline progressively in the second half of the year. Finally, we expect non-GAAP earnings per share to be in the range of $0.29 to $0.34 and fully diluted outstanding shares to be approximately 105.5 million. With that, I would like to open the call for Q&A.
Operator
Thank you, ma'am. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now be conducting the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation turn will indicate that you are using the question queue. you may press star two to leave the question queue. For participants making use of speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. To give everyone the opportunity to participate, please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. If time allows, you're welcome to rejoin the question queue for further questions. Our first question comes from Marvin Pong of BTIG. Please go ahead.
Marvin Tong
Good evening. Thanks for taking my questions. Two questions, if I may. So I was interested in your disclosure that new bookings was up 28%. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I don't believe you've ever given us a specific percentage a number on this. I'm just curious, you know, how should we view this as a leading indicator of revenue growth? You know, what's sort of the correlation and, you know, the phase-in of those bookings into revenue? And then my second question, just on top dealer, understand the excitement around that product. You know, how much of a driver of CARCID improvement was that in this last quarter? You know, was it material at all considering, you know, how early stage the product is? Maybe it could just kind of help us understand the dynamics there. Thank you.
Car Offer 's
Thanks for your question. So in terms of marketplace revenue, I recommend you, I would point you out to the listings, which were actually up 20 million this quarter. versus $16 million last quarter year over year. And so we are seeing a continued acceleration of the top line growth at the marketplace.
Sam
And it's reflected in this, Jason. Hey, Marvin. And it's reflected in the guidance to give you a sense for flow through.
Marvin Tong
Okay. So... We should just kind of see it as that's revenue that's sort of recognized in the next quarter.
Jason
Yeah, I mean, typically when we bring on a new customer, that gets activated fairly quickly. I mean, sometimes they'll have an intro rate or something like that, but it tends to materialize in pretty short order. Now, it does depend in terms of when it's booked. in the quarter in terms of its impact in that quarter relative to the next quarter. But, you know, they're monthly. I mean, they may be an annual contract, as you've heard us say in the script, but they're billed and recognized monthly. So the flow through, you know, the best way for you to get a sense for that outside of those sort of intra-month comments and intro rate is through the guidance. In terms of top dealer offer impact on CarSid, there are a number of drivers of CarSid. As you've heard us say, the primary ones are us bringing new customers on at more commensurate market rates. Another big one is upgrading dealers to higher package tiers, and a lot of that is driven by us continuing to add more and more tools, insights, features, even some products into the higher tiers that are packing more value into that rather than charging a la carte. And then the third is new products. And so a top dealer offer, we would consider a new product.
Marvin Tong
Okay, understood. Thanks a lot. Appreciate it.
spk26
Yeah.
Jason
The next question comes from Jade Kelly of Oppenheimer & Company.
Operator
Please go ahead.
spk11
Hey, great. Thanks for taking my question. Just looking at the margins in the marketplace, looks like they were pretty strong. Can you kind of tell us, like, is that the right basis to look at? And then can you kind of give us a sense on, you know, I granted you gave us a 2Q guidance, but can you give us a sense on how you're sort of thinking about the marketing cadence going for the balance of the year?
spk13
Thank you.
Car Offer 's
Yeah, so the marketplace business continues to experience strong growth at the top line and also to demonstrate operating leverage. And you should expect that also going forward. In terms of the marketing cadence, so I'll remind you what we said about OPEX. As percentage of revenue, we expect it to be flat in the second quarter and then to decline sequentially in the second half of the year. In terms of marketing cadence, spend cadence, what we anticipate is Q1 to be the largest quarter as we front-loaded our branding expense related to our new advertising campaign, Your Car, Your Way, and then Q4 to be the smallest quarter in terms of marketing spend as we typically dial down our media spend around the holiday season.
Sam
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Rajat Gupta of JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Rajat Gupta
Great. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe I'd like just to clarify, you know, the second quarter commentary, you know, the complexion of the marketplace revenue. Could you give us a sense of how much of that sequential pickup or maybe you want to talk about year-over-year, is coming from, you know, COISID improvement versus paying dealers. And maybe relatedly, you know, if you could touch upon the outlook for the international business a bit more, you know, over the next few quarters. Any initiatives in the pipeline that could potentially capitalize the segment further? I mean, clearly strong uptake here in, like, the COISID And also dealer calendars, just to clarify what's going on there, and if all would come, it would be helpful. Thanks.
Car Offer 's
So in terms of CARSID, it was up 14% year over year, and was primarily driven by dealers migrating to higher subscription tiers, as well as new dealers joining at market rate. Sorry, the number of dealers also up substantially from the fourth quarter as we registered the highest number of new dealers joining our platform since the first quarter of 2021. And also we add 30% of the contracts for new dealers being longer than one year, which suggests that over time our retention will go up.
Rajat Gupta
And the second quarter guidance on Marketplace, does that resume continued improvement on both the cost and the dealer count, or is one dominating the other? as you think about the remainder of the year?
Car Offer 's
Yeah, we don't guide on these two specific drivers. However, what I can tell you is that our guidance implies to add year over year more revenue, both at the low end and the high end, to add more revenue than we did in the last two quarters.
spk10
So we are seeing continued momentum in the marketplace this month.
Rajat Gupta
Got it. And just on the international side, any other thoughts there on any new initiatives during the pipeline to catalyze that segment further?
spk20
I'm happy to take it, Rajat. Thank you for noticing.
Rajat
Our business is cranking in the marketplace across the globe, so I'm really proud to say that It's not just one market that's doing it. You know that we got to profitability in those markets, and we're really excited about where they're going. We're fueling fast growth there. I think we described the 24% growth in the international markets. So we're really excited about where those are going. It opens up huge opportunities for us. We're catching the market leaders. It leaves us opportunities to launch some new products that we've launched here in the U.S., and that means more CAR-SID growth and more ability to ad dealers as we have in the international markets, but it also opens up partnerships to look at other ways to continue to add on new product capability beyond what we build organically. And we'll probably follow the path we're doing here with, you've seen the addition of new products that have helped consumers move further down the transaction cycle. And so both of those give us huge opportunity to continue catching the big market leaders there. And I think we're really astounded by the growth and profitability in those businesses and are excited to keep that going.
Rajat Gupta
Great. Thanks for the call. I'll get back to you.
Jason
The next question comes from John Calantoni of Jefferies. Please go ahead.
John Calantoni
Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to zoom in on car offer. A few years ago, there was a ramp of investments in product and marketing to expand awareness and build tech capabilities behind the offering. After having already gone through that initial investment phase, are there any learnings that could help make you more efficient next time around once you're ready to relaunch the wholesale offering so there might be a more tempered increase in expenses?
spk07
Thanks.
spk20
Hey, John, thanks for the question. Sam Zales here.
Rajat
I don't know that I characterized the investment a couple of years ago as major investment in product and marketing. Quite honestly, as we're looking at this business, and we couldn't be more excited about the combination of wholesale and retail coming together. We're still the only instant trade platform in the market, and we know that putting wholesale and retail together, as you heard in the prepared remarks, that we are now seeing some really interesting growth in transactions from those dealers who are using the CarGurus information on consumer demand tied to their inventory strategies and making more investments in that way. So we were still building and running a startup there that was running and incented on daily profits. That business focus was how do we get the most out of each day to maximize our incentive in the acquisition of the business? We are now running the business like we run the CarGurus business. Our focus in this investment is product first. Let's make sure that the product capabilities and the analyzers that we've built into Matrix are going to optimize customer results. And quite honestly, we're rebuilding that. customer demand from a product capability that we didn't have in the days that we didn't fully acquire the business. So the focus on product now, the focus on tooling our operations to make sure those are optimized so we make money at a low volume as a business when we get to that point, and now recrafting our go-to-market team and our sales and service teams to focus on consulting and putting this data analytics and the AI we're creating to look at CarGurus data on consumer demand matched to inventory strategies and inventory profits for our dealers is showing its first sign of growth in this two to five times increase in transaction activity. So I wouldn't say that any time in the past there was real investment for the long term on product and marketing. At CarOffer today, we're making those investments now so we can retool and build back the business demand that we've had from our customers in the past and go for growth as we go forward.
Sam
Thank you.
Jason
The next question comes from Navid Khan of B. Reilly.
Operator
Please go ahead.
spk06
Thanks a lot. So it's great to see the traction you're seeing with dealer count and new dealer growth. maybe can you just share with us the monthly trend if you saw strength kind of building throughout the quarter how does April look like and the other kind of related question is on the you know you shared the percentage of the annual contract what in terms of pricing does an annual kind of look the same on a sort of monthly times 12 or is it Did the dealers get a discount? How should we think about that? Thank you.
spk14
Sure. I can take a crack in the bed.
Jason
Thanks for the question. So, I mean, monthly trends building towards the quarter, we don't talk about current quarter. So, you know, in our scripted comments, you can see and hear a number of trends that we talked about that resulted in the first quarter. In terms of contract, I mean, there's a number of, if I understood the extent of that question, so correct me if I'm wrong or clarify, an annual contract I think is helpful in a number of ways. I think it sets a different expectation for customers in their relationship with us. I think it's actually a function of us building closer and better and more consultative relationships with our customers. I don't think they would be willing to sign an annual contract, frankly, if they didn't think that we were going to be a longer-term partner. And in the past, we weren't necessarily always earning the right to be a long-term partner to them. But now, as we're delivering more insights and more tools, and as Sam just referenced, ways in which we're helping them source smarter and price smarter, they realize that we're adding a lot more value beyond just leads. We haven't ever commented on pricing implications for annual contracts versus monthly, but I think you can think of them as very similar, although a lot of software companies for longer-term contracts may initiate a slight discount, but it's not anything big. I mean, they've they think of our pricing in a very similar way, whether it's signing a monthly or an annual.
Sam
Great. Thank you.
Jason
The next question comes from Tom White of DA Davidson. Please go ahead.
Tom White
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Jason, your comments about the DDIs and also kind of the more consultative approach you're taking with car offer, I don't know, it seems to me like you guys are, maybe you have been talking about this, but it seems like you're increasing your focus on leveraging all of your data in more creative ways and kind of circling it back to your customers. Can you just talk a little bit about the high-level kind of monetization opportunity of that strategy? And then I've got to follow up.
Jason
Sure. Hey, Tom. So you're right that we're talking about it more because we are delivering more. I would think of it on maybe a couple different dimensions. The first dimension is how we're using our insights to just help them sell cars better, smarter, faster with higher margin in our listings business. And so you've heard us talk about over time, as we have had a pretty steady introduction of these, we're giving our dealer customers information on their market share of leads in the market relative to their market share of units of inventory. We're giving them information on how quickly they are dropping prices and the magnitude of their price drops. We're giving them information on what are demand trends in the market relative to supply data. More recently, we've talked about next best deal rating, which helps them reduce how much they drop the price of a car to maintain margin, but generate a lot more interest on the car by increasing the rating of that car and getting more activity on our site. You heard us talk about an inventory acquisition recommendation tool that uses, again, supply and demand data to inform cars they should be stocking on their lots. And so we're really starting to take our – and the next level is with car offer, and I'll get to that in a second – We're really starting to reorient our thinking as we've been building a lot of these capabilities, products, insights, and taking more of a customer lens through our dealers to say, we can tie all of the steps that you need to do as a dealer together through our data. So you need to source inventory and predict how that inventory is going to do. You need to price it. You need to market it in a number of different ways. You need to merchandise it in a number of different ways. You need to ultimately sell it. You need to retain your customer. And so when we take the dealer lens and realize all the data we have, we can help in most of those steps. When you then layer in car offer, that gives us access to the whole sort of back end, if you will, of that value chain in the wholesale market to do things that really just honestly help them predict more. It's what kind of car should I acquire? based on how I predict that car will sell in four weeks when I have it ready for sale. And that becomes a really virtuous cycle. So we think our data is more end-to-end than others in the market. We have the chops and are investing the resources to turn that data into insights. The way we're bringing that to market today, we have done some a la carte pricing in the past. One example is LEED AI. That's another great example. Actually, we're giving dealers more information on the shoppers that are coming to their dealerships. They have a better ability to close those sales. But really, right now, we've found that in order to gain adoption of them, it's better for us to bundle them into packages and tiers of listings products. And when we do that, we get a couple benefits. One, they're upselling into higher tiers because some of these we only offer to higher tiers. And two, they are stickier customers and we're seeing better retention because they're more reliant on our data. And the next best deal rating example is a great one. In a very short period of time, we have many thousands of dealers using it. 30% of them are getting that information daily. Like their general managers are using it daily. And that's just a whole different ballgame from where we were in the past when they may or may not open our dashboard. Yes, data is a theme that is growing in volume, and yes, it's the thread that's holding together the end test.
Tom
That's great. That's super interesting. Thank you.
Tom White
Maybe just a quick follow-up. You know, CAR-SID growth obviously continues to be super strong, and it looks like the guidance by my math kind of looks like another, like, double-digit kind of growth quarter for CAR-SID. How should we think about the sustainability of this level of CAR-SID growth kind of over the next several quarters. Thanks.
spk14
I'll keep going.
Jason
I'm on a roll. It is quite sustainable. I mean, we've talked about many levers that drive it. Most of those levers exist, you know, for a long time. And the example I just gave is a perfect reflection of that, that as we add more value to dealers, even if we do it through bundling of a listings product, it's actually adding a ton of value to their dealership. And so, you know, I think, we think their mindset is shifting from, I'm not, you know, just paying for leads. I'm paying for the ability to elevate the sophistication of my dealership. And it just so happens it's coming from who is also providing me leads. So package upsells, I think, has continued upside if we continue to execute on introducing these value-added features and insights. Bringing dealers to market rate as we bring on new dealers, we have a lot of dealers that have been on for a long time and are still well below market. We think our competitors are raising unit prices as well, and so the unit pricing ceiling continues to rise and we still think we're a very strong ROI because we think on balance we're still less expensive. And then other products, you know, Top Dealer offers a good example of that. We have a lot of new ideas and you heard me introduce Ish very briefly in the talking, in the script rather, and he's bringing just a really terrific lens through the dealer customer-centric lens. And so between what he's bringing and the more unified activity with the car offer, we think there's new opportunities for new products that didn't exist before.
Sam
Got it. Thanks so much, Jason.
Jason
Our next question comes from Doug Arthur of Herb News Research.
Operator
Please go ahead.
spk32
Yeah, thanks. Elisa, on the operating expenses, it seemed gap or non-gap, sales and marketing was elevated, product tech, product development was down, G&A was elevated. Is there anything to read into a trend there, or is that more just on the sales and marketing side opportunistic?
Car Offer 's
Yeah, thanks for the question. It's primarily the marketing that was elevated in the first quarter, as we said, because we've downloaded our branding spend related to our advertising campaign. But as we said, we should decline into the fourth quarter and throughout the year. And our OPEX in the second half of the year as percentage of revenue should also continue to decline.
spk32
Okay, all right. Yeah, no, I know you mentioned that.
spk14
Okay, great. Thank you. That's fine.
Jason
The next question comes from Ron Josie of Citigroup. Please go ahead.
Ron Josie
Hi, this is James Michael on for Ron. Can you help us impact the 30% inventory lift you saw in the quarter? What trends are you seeing in the new and used autos macro and what controllables are you executing against here to expand inventory? And then any more color on the potential you see from the new inventory acquisition recommendations tool would be helpful as well, and if you think this is a driver of Carson.
Jason
Sure. I can have you repeat the second part of that because that was fast. I mean, on the inventory expansion, that's, you know, there's two functions to that, paying dealers and how we treat our premium dealers and bring them on. And there was not a lot of change in terms of our treatment of freemium dealers. We grew paying dealers modestly, so that will help it a little bit. But at the stage that we're at now, it's largely just market macro increases and decreases. And what you've seen recently is an increase in new cars for the most part. I think used cars have continued to tick up a little bit. They're still not a pre-pandemic. New is still nowhere near pre-pandemic, but the biggest changes most recently were new car inventory. Inventory acquisition tool is, you asked, I think, how that affects retention. First of all, it's our most recent one, so it's in pilot, and it's still small numbers of dealers you know, we think all of these tools are going to have a positive impact on retention. I mean, one thing to keep in mind is that different segments of dealers, and if you think about it really simplistically, there's franchise, large and small, independent, large and small, and then there's varying levels of sophistication and capability within each of those segments. And so to some dealers, an inventory acquisition recommendation tool is going to be something that perhaps like Next Best Deal Rating they use every day. Others may have other tools or may not be as reliant on it. But we think each of these will, for the segments that they apply the most, will help with retention. To be honest, that's hard to isolate that as a test and measure how much of an improvement it will have, any one tool will have on retention. But our philosophy, and I think what you will see from us, is we're going to continue to introduce a lot of these insights You know, we're kind of just getting started, especially as we bring Car Offer together with us, that we think in aggregate will have a very positive impact.
spk14
I did not catch that last part of your question.
Ron Josie
Yeah, I think you addressed the question on the inventory recommendations. That's helpful. My second question is just around the app. Obviously, some success in kind of downloads, engagement, the 25% lead contribution. Can you talk about the investments you're making in either marketing or the core app infrastructure to drive some of those gains?
Jason
A lot of that's in product and tech. There's a little bit more marketing that is geared toward app, but a lot of it is that we're improving it from a product perspective. In hindsight, we're probably a little bit behind the curve from an industry perspective in terms of investing in our app because we were being so successful in mobile web. And I think now as we start to invest more resources in the product, we're seeing really fantastic results. In fact, we started to see improvement in results before we started putting resources on it. As we put more resources on it, and when I say on it, I mean things like engagement and features that are unique to an app usage environment that's distinct from a web usage environment, mobile web environment, we're just seeing tremendous uptake. We're seeing an engagement and growth in the app. Things like registration and things like frequency of use, engagement with dealers, time spent, our ability to message and communicate with them. So we're really excited about the app and we're proud of how it's getting recognized relative to others in our sector.
Rajat
Hey, James, I'm just going to add something. It's Sam Zales here. Thanks for the question on both because Jason hit it all, but just a couple of pieces of color from the market. One is when you add things like top dealer offer to your app and you say, we sell my car, we're the only player in the market that offers either the white glove, pick up the vehicle at your home, or drop it off at the dealership and make a little bit more money. It is a truly unique offering in the market. It's one of the reasons 70% of the app users are registering and saying, I want to think about this at some point in my future. I'm going to be in the long-term transaction model of auto ownership. It creates that incredible number one position in the app space for automotive marketplaces. Number two is on the inventory acquisition report. As another example, as Jason was talking about analytics, A dealer typically says to us, quantity and quality of leads is the price of entry into this business. And you can see from our car SID growth, our marketplace growth, the lead growth we talked about year over year at DoubleDigit, the lead we have on our competitors for visitors and visits, the lead we have on our competitors from an inventory perspective, that all fuels that lead volume and lead growth. and lead quality that we have that we believe drives the highest ROI in the business and leads to that growth in our marketplace business. The second part of that, though, is can you teach me how to run my dealership more profitably? So all of those analytics reports that Jason's talking about, including this new inventory acquisition report, nobody in the market can take consumer demand with the largest audience in the marketplace and match that against inventory turns in a local market and help that dealer say, here's your best option to meet the market demand in your market, acquire that inventory, and turn your inventory more quickly, which is both a car offer and CarGurus value proposition in the synergy of our businesses that we think is truly differentiated.
Sam
Got it. Thank you both for the call. It was very helpful.
Jason
Thank you.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the end of the question and answer session. I will now hand over to Jason Traverson for closing remarks.
Jason
Thank you very much. I just wanted to give a special thanks, as we always do, to all of our employees. We're extremely proud of all the innovation and growth that we're experiencing as a company. I'd also like to thank everyone today who joined for your interest and support of us. We look forward to seeing many of you at upcoming conferences.
Sam
Have a good evening.
Jason
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's event. Thank you for attending and even I'll disconnect your line.
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