CRA International,Inc.

Good day, everyone, and welcome to Charles River Associates' third quarter 2025 conference call. Please note that today's call is being recorded. The company's earnings release and prepared CFO remarks are posted on the investor relations section of CRA's website at CRAAI.com. With us today are CRA's President and Chief Executive Officer, Paul Malley, Chief Financial Officer, Eric Nirenberg, and Chief Corporate Development Officer, Chad Holmes. At this time, I'd like to turn the call over to Dr. Nirenberg for opening remarks. Eric, please go ahead.

Thank you, Rob, and good morning to everyone. Please note that the statements made during this conference call, including guidance on future revenue and non-GAAP EBITDA margin, and any other statements concerning the future business, operating results, or financial condition of CRA, including those statements using the terms expect, outlook, or similar terms, are forward-looking statements as defined in Section 21 of the Exchange Act. Information contained in these forward-looking statements is based on management's current expectations and is inherently uncertain. Actual performance and results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements, due to many important factors, including the level of demand for our services as a result of changes in general and industry-specific economic conditions. Additional information regarding these factors is included in today's release and in CRA's periodic reports, including our most recently filed annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC.

CRA undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this call.

Additionally, we will refer to some non-GAAP financial measures and certain measures presented on a constant currency basis on this call. Everyone is encouraged to refer to today's release and related CFO remarks for reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their GAAP comparable measures and descriptions of the calculation of EBITDA and measures presented on a constant currency basis. I will now turn it over to Paul for his report.

Paul? Thanks, Eric, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. CRA continued its run of strong results into the third quarter of fiscal 2025. Revenue increased by 10.8% year-over-year to $185.9 million. Combined with the record revenue performance in the first and second quarters, fiscal 2025 has produced the best three revenue quarters in CRA's history. reflecting the durability of CRA's business model. Our performance during the third quarter was broad-based, with seven of 11 practices growing year over year. Our antitrust and competition economics, energy, finance, and intellectual property practices each posted double-digit revenue growth. We also generated growth across our geographies, with our North American operations increasing revenue by 6.8%, and our international operations expanding 30.3% year over year. The strong international performance was driven primarily by our antitrust and competition in economics and life sciences practices. During the period of strong growth, we have continued to manage the business effectively with quarterly utilization reaching 77%. A strong utilization and overall execution drove year-over-year growth and profitability that exceeded revenue growth as non-GAAP net income, earnings per diluted share, and EBITDA increased by 12.7%, 16.4%, and 14.6%, respectively. Revenue in the third quarter from CRA's legal and regulatory services increased 11.5%. This growth was supported by activity in the broader legal market as total case filings and total court judgments each increased by double-digit percentages compared to activity in the third quarter of 2024. Capitalizing on ongoing merger-related activity and continued demand for antitrust and competition economics practice established another new high for quarterly revenue. The practice continues to support clients on high-profile mergers as worldwide M&A activity totaled $3 trillion during the first nine months of 2025, an increase of 33% compared to year-ago levels and the strongest opening period for deal-making since 2021. During the third quarter, for example, Sierra Leone's competition practice advised UnitedHealth Group, in connection with the U.S. Department of Justice's review of UnitedHealth's $3.3 billion acquisition of Amedisys. The DOJ, which had initially sought to block the transaction, announced that it reached a settlement with UnitedHealth and Amedisys, enabling the deal to proceed following two years of regulatory review. CRA's competition team provided its expertise throughout the DOJ investigation and litigation proceeding. The practice also contributed to the strong growth produced by CRA's international operations. For example, during the third quarter, a CRA team provided economic analysis and support to Microsoft during an investigation into its team's collaboration platform. In September 2025, the European Commission announced that it settled the long-running investigation by accepting commitments from Microsoft to address EU competition concerns. Elsewhere, our finance practice continues to be active across a range of industries and litigation venues. For example, CRA has been assisting a client in the chemicals and agricultural product industry in high-stakes litigation involving alleged breaches of contract and anti-competitive conduct. In the most recent quarter, CRA assisted in pursuing and resolving disputes surrounding the production of structured data, formulating and analyzing potential damages, and preparing for mediation in another matter. CRA was retained to provide expert testimony on financial issues in the NASCAR antitrust litigation scheduled for trial in December. During the third quarter, CRA's intellectual property practice advised on multiple high-stakes litigation and valuation matters. In a patent infringement dispute relating to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, a CRA expert testified on reasonable royalty damages accounting for multiple liability scenarios and recovery periods. the party subsequently entered into a global settlement resolving all pending US litigation related to COVID-19 vaccines and established a framework to resolve ongoing patent disputes outside the US upon the defendant's acquisition of CRA's client for approximately 1.25 billion. Under the terms of the settlement, and its partners will also receive a payment of $740 million, as well as royalties on sales of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States going forward. We also saw strong activity related to our transfer pricing services during the third quarter. With transfer pricing top of mind for many tax authorities, CRA experts continue to be called upon to help regarding disputes around the world. We are also seeing a growing need for cross-functional economic analysis that brings together experts from multiple practices. For example, CRA's competition and transfer pricing colleagues are providing advice to a major mining company to ensure that their related party pricing would not be perceived as predatory pricing under anti-competition laws. Within our management consulting services, revenue increased 8% year over year, led by the strong performance of our energy practice and supported by the expansion in our life sciences practice. CRA's energy practice continues to be a trusted advisor to energy companies utilities, investors, and other ecosystem players navigating a rapidly evolving energy landscape. During the quarter, the practice supported a major California electric utility in developing its integrated resource plan, helping to balance reliability, decarbonization, and affordability objectives. The team also contributed to several initiatives examining market design, as questions grow about how electricity markets compensate generators and ensure resource adequacy. In addition, the energy practice saw strong activity from private capital clients, providing commercial and regulatory due diligence for investments in energy infrastructure, utilities, and increased sustainability. digital infrastructures such as data centers and network assets, where energy has become a major component of cost and investment strategy. These projects continue to draw on CRA's deep industry knowledge and analytical expertise to help clients evaluate opportunities across the evolving power and infrastructure sectors. In our life sciences practice, we continue to engage on early-stage assets with a global perspective. As an example, during the quarter, we worked with a client on their strategy for a newly acquired portfolio of neurological assets. A team evaluated the pricing and access potential for the portfolio across the U.S. and key European markets, covering indications ranging from bipolar disorder to Alzheimer's disease, and provided data-driven recommendations on clinical trial design and launch sequencing to maximize value. In our expert witness work, we continue to leverage our strategy consulting experience in two disputes regarding new product launches. Overall, I'm grateful to all of my colleagues for their hard work during the third quarter. Sierra's strong long-term performance is indicative of the company's overall quality as we continue to help our clients address their most important and complex challenges and demonstrates our ability to capitalize on growth opportunities in the market. Turning now to guidance, the first three quarters of fiscal 2025 on a constant currency basis Relative to fiscal 2024, CRA generated total revenue of $552.1 million and non-GAAP EBITDA of $71.8 million, producing a margin of 13.0%. Reflecting the continued strength and quality of our business, we are raising our revenue guidance and increasing the lower end of our profit guidance. For full year fiscal 2025 on a constant currency basis relative to fiscal 2024, we now expect revenue in the range of $740 million to $748 million and non-GAAP EBITDA margin in the range of 12.6% to 13.0%. This new guidance compares with a prior revenue range of $730 million to $745 million and a prior non-GAAP EBITDA margin range of 12.3% to 13.0%. As a reminder, our fiscal year ends on January 3rd, 2026, resulting in a 14th week in the fourth quarter of 2025. While we are pleased with CRA's year-to-date performance in fiscal 2025, we remain mindful that uncertain global macroeconomic, business, and political conditions can affect our business and our clients. With that, I'll turn the call over to Chad and then to Eric for a few additional comments. Chad? Thanks, Paul.

Hello, everyone. I want to update you on our capital and capital deployment during the quarter. We concluded the quarter with $22.5 million of cash and $95.0 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility, resulting in net debt of $72.5 million. These figures reflect $25 million of net payments made during the quarter to reduce borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The third quarter of 2025 also saw net cash outlays of $28.1 million to acquire and retain senior talent and $700,000 for capital expenditures. During the third quarter, we returned $7.2 million of capital to our shareholders consisting of $3.2 million of dividend payments and $4.0 million for repurchases of approximately 22,000 shares at an average share price of $185.74. We currently have $10.9 million available under our share repurchase program. Earlier today, we announced a 16% increase in our quarterly cash dividend from 49 cents to 57 cents per common share, which demonstrates our confidence in the quality of the business and reflects our commitment to returning capital to shareholders. This new dividend amount is supported by the growth and performance of CRA's businesses and is more than four times the size of our first dividend in 2016. We concluded the third quarter of fiscal 2025 with total liquidity of $123.6 million, consisting of $22.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, and a further $101.1 million of available capacity on our line of credit. With that, I'll turn the call over to Eric for a few final comments. Eric?

Thanks, Chad. As a reminder, more expansive commentary on our financial results is available on the investor relations section of our website under prepared CFO remarks. questions let me provide a few additional metrics related to our performance in the third quarter fiscal 2025 in terms of consultant headcount we ended the quarter at 968 consisting of 164 officers 567 other senior staff and 237 junior staff this represents a 1.0 percent year-over-year decrease in compared with the 978 consultant headcount reported at the end of Q3 fiscal 2024, and a 3.3% sequential increase relative to the 937 consultant headcount reported at the end of Q2 fiscal 2025. Non-GAAP selling general and administrative expenses excluding the 1.8% attributable to commissions to non-employee experts, was 16.3% of revenue for the third quarter of fiscal 2025, compared with 16.2% a year ago. The effective tax rate for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 on a non-GAAP basis was 28.8%, compared with 28.5% on a non-GAAP basis for the third quarter of fiscal 2024. Turning to the balance sheet, DSO stood at 115 days at the end of the third quarter, compared with the 110 days at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2025. DSO in the third quarter consisted of 70 days of billed and 45 days of unbilled. That concludes our prepared remarks. We will now open the call for questions. Rob, please go ahead.

Thank you. At this time, we'll be conducting a question and answer session. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Our first question comes from Andrew Nicholas with William Blair. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to talk about headcount first. Actually, I think I asked a similar question this time last year, but just surprised maybe to not see a bigger spike in junior consultants quarter over quarter, given kind of the seasonal dynamics there. I think relative to history, the ratio of junior to senior staff is also relatively low. So just wondering, how sustainable that ratio is, if there's any kind of underlying actions going on that explain that mixed dynamic, and maybe just overall thoughts on healthcare or healthcare headcount growth over the next couple of quarters.

Sure. Good morning, Andrew. I think the way to start thinking about it is throughout CRE's history, we have continuously planted sort of seeds of growth. And our job as consultants and as management in the firm is to try to increase the probability of their success and make the appropriate investments at the appropriate times. The headcount volatility or changes that you've seen, say, in the last 12 to 24 months are really us evaluating these growth opportunities at times where we think the potential is not there for future growth, we redeploy the assets to somewhere else in the firm. So the parts of the company that are growing are receiving headcount growth. The opportunities that we think are not fruitful, we redeploy those assets elsewhere. So that, I would say, is part one of the answer. We are not starving any of the practices that are expanding. In fact, they are growing and growing profitably. The other part that I want to highlight is I believe thus far in 2025, we've welcomed nearly 20 new vice presidents from lateral market hires. So this is going to inflate the vice president headcount relative to the headcount in other parts of the firm. As these individuals start to ramp and the revenue starts to materialize, you can, I think, safely assume that we will build out the pyramid under these professionals. but we typically do not do that simultaneously because we believe we can meet the short-term demand with existing capacity. So I think as you get to more of a medium long-term, you should start seeing the headcount growth to be roughly approximating revenue growth. It's just during periods of rapid hiring or during periods of redeploying of the assets, that you may see some of the statistics that we've been reporting on the last couple of quarters.

No, that makes perfect sense. Appreciate the color. I guess somewhat related, and maybe your previous answer helps answer this next question, but just on overall bill rates, revenue growth was again really strong in the quarter utilization really strong but somewhat consistent with what you saw this time last year so it seems like bill rates in the aggregate are maybe low double digits if my math is correct and just wondering if you could unpack that confirm that and then just kind of unpack what's driving that is it Is it straight kind of rate card increases? Is it mixed or any other dynamics that I'm not thinking of? Sure.

I'm going to start with sort of a patting myself on the back, patting the company on the back here, is that we've had this consistent delivery of exceptional performance. And sometimes... we take the statistics that we're reporting every quarter for granted. The utilization may be consistent with what it was a year ago, but let's not forget it's 77%, and a year ago was at 76%. So we are constantly comparing ourselves to peak levels of performance, and that goes for utilization, it goes for revenue, and it goes for profitability across the firm. So I just don't want that to be overlooked as a company here for what we're delivering. With respect to the rates, our rates increases are set usually towards the end of the preceding year and go into the beginning of the current year. So rate increases happened, the majority of it, during Q1 of fiscal 2025. As new projects come online, we get to realize more the full benefit of that rate increase. I believe in 2025, I think the effective rate increase is right around 3%, give or take. That has stuck. We do not see any change in write-offs. We do not see any change in reserves. And in fact, we're pretty happy with the repeat client activity that we're having during the year. And the reason I raise that is that's an indication that the value perceived is still quite high by our clients.

Great.

Is it fair to assume similar type increases going forward? Is that a fair framework for us to think about bill rates in the medium term?

I think anytime you start with an assumption of bill rates in the 2% to 4% range, And then with the acknowledgement that that doesn't happen instantaneously on January 1, but usually happens as new project inflow comes into the firm. Yeah, I think that's a fair assumption. I know my consulting colleagues will probably push back, but I believe the rate increases can be even higher. But we want to make sure. that the value delivered to our clients always is first priority.

Makes sense. Last one for me, just on international growth, I mean, I think you mentioned some of the practices that are doing really well outside of the United States, you know, a few cases that you had or projects that you had going on in the quarter that, you know, led to that 30% plus growth. Are there any kind of bigger picture secular themes internationally that you would also maybe point out that are driving stronger growth there than in the U.S.? And maybe any comments on how persistent those themes might be going forward? Thanks again.

Sure. Thank you, Andrew. You know, I'm going to start again celebrating the contributions of our competition practice in Europe. I think they are by far the top quality provider of services in the antitrust and competition economic space. For a practice that's been around, a sub-practice that's been around as long as they have to deliver a 30% year-over-year growth on straight time and material type revenue is really impressive, is really impressive. I think in terms of the secular changes, there hasn't been as much volatility in Europe with respect to enforcement stance. They've been very pro-enforcement. previous to 2025 and that has continued. In the U.S., maybe we have a little bit of starts and stops with the transition to the new administration and the new stance on mergers and regulatory oversight. So I would say it's more the consistency of the strong enforcement in comparing that to North America. But it starts with just the amazing quality of the group we have over there in Europe.

Thanks again. Our next question comes from Mark Riddick with Sidoti & Company. Please proceed with your question. Hey, good morning. Good morning, Mark.

So I wanted to, first of all, thanks for all the detail and color that was provided in your prepared remarks. I wanted to talk a little bit about the legal and regulatory activity that you highlighted. It seems to be, you know, continuing to pick up there. I was wondering, maybe you could... Talk to a little bit of the drivers that you're seeing there, maybe more recently. It sounds like it's sort of broad-based, but maybe you can put a little more color on that part of the client activity.

Yeah, when I saw the legal stats, I actually asked members of the team to go double-check those numbers. I was really surprised to see the kind of growth in terms of new case filings and court decisions on that. So I think that bodes well for the quarters ahead as those matters seek consulting support with that. With respect to what we are seeing, the practices that are traditionally strong continue to see, you know, really good inflow activity, the antitrust competition economics practice, the intellectual property practice, the forensic services practice, and we're seeing some early signs of maybe momentum building within our finance practice. So I think you would say it is broad-based. It also is contributing when I'm talking about seven of 11 practices growing year over year, and four or five, I'm sorry, I'm losing track now, four growing double-digit year over year. So the inflow has been broad-based. The conversion of those opportunities to revenue and profits has been broad-based. So we're in a pretty good position now, and we look forward to the quarters ahead to see if those continue to materialize.

Thanks for the commentary there, because, yeah, those numbers kind of really jumped out at me when you mentioned that in your prepared remarks. So I appreciate you putting more color on that. And, of course, we've seen the gains on the M&A activity and what that's meant and the strength that, well, quite frankly, as we're doing better than the market for a while with NHS and competition economics. But I was wondering, it seems as though we're – if we were looking at normal visibility for this time of the year, because normally as we're heading into the fourth quarter and holidays and things like that, do you get the sense that this year provides a normal amount of visibility with activity levels? Because it certainly seems as though, given the strength you're seeing kind of across the board, it seems as though maybe you have a little more visibility than you normally do this time of year.

I think I generally agree with the statement you've made.

What gives me confidence and some of the visibility is really the consistency of results that we've enjoyed during the year. I've also enjoyed similar kind of consistency during fiscal of 2024. So after three quarters of fiscal 2024, I can't say I felt less confident than I do now or vice versa. We're having the first three quarters at the time were the best three quarters that we had in 2024 or the best three quarters we've ever had when you look at 2025. So we are cautiously optimistic. I can't say

that visibility or the large long-term projects have increased in 2025 relative to 2024 but i like where we stand okay and then the last thing for me are you getting any um sense that there are any particular client verticals that are maybe more active than others in any any parts of the business or or are there any they kind of stood out to you over the last few months?

Besides the industry examples that we've been given within the energy sector that has continued to show really strong demand, we're starting to see maybe a consistency in the upward ascension in the pharmaceutical life sciences space. And then with respect to the litigation practices, they're really industry agnostic on that. So we're happy with the dollar value of mergers being up. But still, right, the flip side is the number of mergers being announced to date is flat or slightly down. So there are some offsetting. But large, complex matters typically require consulting assistance. So we'll see what the next few quarters hold.

Excellent. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mark.

Our next question is from Kevin Sankey with Barrington Research. Please proceed with your question.

Hey, good morning, Paul, Chad, and Eric. Good morning, Ken. Morning. I wanted to start off by just asking about the level of overall regulatory scrutiny on the antitrust and M&A side. You've talked about the continued intense scrutiny internationally, but it seems like from the results you're putting up that We haven't perhaps really seen any meaningful change in the regulatory environment in the U.S., and is that something you would say is fair to say, to characterize it that way?

What I can say is just strictly with respect to what we are observing in terms of project inflows. It's hard to say I've seen a decline in antitrust enforcement as the antitrust and competition economics practice is delivering record quarter after record quarter. There's clearly some changes afoot. How they materialize or how quickly they materialize still remains to be seen. But to date, the inflow coming into CRA I haven't seen any kind of contraction because of the new stance.

Okay, thanks.

And you just kind of touched on it a moment ago, but I was going to ask about life sciences. Sounds like maybe the pipeline is perking up a bit there. So could you maybe just talk about some of the activity you're seeing going on there and kind of the outlook as we move forward for the next several quarters?

You know, for many quarters now, we've been talking about life sciences performance as being a bit sawtooth. But in 2025, we're starting to see a slight upward sloping maybe saw two pattern there. We're still growing probably mid single digits in that practice year to date. So I like the initial indicators, but I'm not ready to declare a victory or a disproportionate forward ascension in the quarters ahead. Clearly there's a lot of market factors, that would be supportive of the continued growth. I don't think anyone can say that the pharma industry is becoming less complex. There's a lot more complexities on drug pricing, a lot more complexities on the rollout, on favored nation status, and so on. I think the broader market dynamics are supportive for our services, but some of the cost disciplines, I think, have gotten in the way of more pronounced quarter-over-quarter growth.

Okay.

Yeah, that's helpful. I also wanted to ask about... the intellectual property practice i think that's one you've called out for the last two quarters here is growing at a double digit rate and um you know you cited the covid related example in your prepared remarks um i think i've also heard you talk about in the past you know maybe uh AI is going to create a lot of issues in the intellectual property field. And just kind of wondering about the outlook for that practice and kind of sustainability of demand for it going forward.

Sure. I think what the intellectual property practice is doing right now is really impressive. You talked about the market dynamics right now. There are finding teaming opportunities with intellectual property and our antitrust competition economics practice, teaming opportunities with the finance practice. So I don't see those demand drivers going away. And the reason I'm highlighting these cross-practice collaborations is typically cross-practice collaborations mean more complex matters, larger matters. So I'm really happy with the teaming that is happening, and I'm also very pleased to see that our IP practice seems to be a go-to provider in many of these engagements.

Great.

Lastly, I did want to ask about the strength of hiring on the VP, you know, the vice president side for, you know, thus far in 2025. It did seem like over the last three months you had quite a few press releases announcing new VPs across your various practices. So can you just speak to the hiring pipeline? I mean, is there something going in on the market that's allowing you to add more talent more quickly? Or just kind of speak to that talent influx that you've seen here over the last several months?

I've been pretty thrilled with the inflow of new vice president colleagues at CRA in 2025. Chad and his team have done an exceptional job identifying colleagues as they work with the practices. But I think the other part to note is The individuals we're recruiting have lots of choices, right? They can practically go to any other consulting firm in our marketplace. But the fact that they see the value proposition at CRA is what has been most exciting for me. They see the success that we're having in the marketplace. They see the success that people joining CRA have. are having in terms of their business. So it is a great collaborative effort with the identification of the individuals, the communication of the value proposition to those individuals, and as important is the demonstration of success of those individuals once they join CRA. So the pipeline is rich. But we're being very selective on who we bring in. But today, we're pretty excited about the 20 or so colleagues that have joined.

Okay. Well, that's good to hear. And thank you for taking the questions. I'll turn it back over.

Great. Thank you, Kevin.

We have reached the end of the question and answer session. I'd now like to turn the call back over to Paul Malley for closing comments.

Again, thanks to everyone for joining us today. We appreciate your time and interest in CRA. We'll be participating in meetings with investors in the coming months, and we look forward to updating you on our progress on our fourth quarter call early next year. With that, that concludes today's call. Thank you, everyone.

This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and we thank you for your participation.