Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd

leading pilot, debug, and telemetry platform has allowed us to forge deep strategic partnerships. Let me now walk through our business in detail, starting with our active electrical cables. The AEC product line remains the fastest-growing segment in the company. This step function improvement in reliability and power efficiency that's driving the expansion of the AEC TAM into 100 gig and now 200 gig per lane generations. And we expect that trend to continue as customers densify racks and push cluster scale to new levels. Next, our IC business, which includes retimers and optical DSPs, also continued with strong performance. We expect significant optical DSP growth in fiscal 26, driven by 50 gig and 100 gig per lane deployments, with longer-term growth driven by our 200 gig per lane solutions. Live demonstrations last quarter of our 200 gig per lane Bluebird optical DSP drew significant interest and extremely positive feedback. Ethernet re-timers remain important in both traditional switching fabrics and the fast-growing AI server segment, where features like MACSEC encryption, Gearbox functionality, and rich software programmability are highly valued. Our PCIe retimer and AUC families are also progressing on plan. Customer silicon evaluations have consistently highlighted our best-in-class combination of reach, latency, and power efficiency, a rare trifecta enabled by our unique purpose-built service architecture. We remain on track for PCIE design wins in fiscal 26, followed by meaningful production revenue in fiscal 27. Our existing AEC and IC businesses both address multi-billion dollar market opportunities with excellent visibility for continued growth. But the truly exciting part of this quarter is that we've added three entirely new growth pillars, each representing distinct multibillion-dollar market opportunities that significantly expand our total addressable market and extend the reach and depth of our connectivity leadership. The first new growth pillar is zero-flap optics, the first laser-based optical connectivity family that delivers AEC class network reliability. enabled by a customized optical DSP that is tightly coupled with our pilot software and integrated with a switch level SDK. Our zero flap optics integrate with our customer's network software. Link health telemetry data on each optical link enables autonomous detection and mitigation of conditions that cause link flaps before they bring down the cluster. This enables a step function improvement in network reliability. We're currently in live data center trials with our lead partner, and we expect to begin sampling a second U.S. hyperscaler later this fiscal year. Our ZF Optics solutions expand our addressable market to any length of connection within the data center. We anticipate initial revenue in fiscal 27, and long-term, a market that will be a multi-billion dollar opportunity. The second new pillar of growth was announced in September. Credo has combined forces with Ottawa-based Hyperloom, a team of experts specializing in high-performance micro-LED technology. Credo has been investing in micro-LED innovation over the past 18 months with the intent of developing a new class of connectivity solutions. Uniting with the Hyperloom team will accelerate our time to market. As a first product, we'll develop and bring to market a pluggable optical solution that utilizes micro LEDs as the light source. Our same three-tiered innovation playbook will be the catalyst to pioneering this entirely new connectivity category we call active LED cables, or ALCs. ALCs will deliver the same reliability and power profile as an AEC, but in a thin gauge cable that can reach up to 30 meters and is ideal for row scale, scale of networks. Customer reaction has been very positive. We plan to sample the first ALC products to lead customers during our fiscal 27, with initial revenue ramping in fiscal 28. We believe the ALC TAM will ultimately be more than double the size of the AEC TAM. Finally, we announced the third new pillar of long-term revenue growth, OmniConnect Gearboxes. a family of products that will enable a disaggregated and optimized approach to XPU connectivity. In November, together with our lead customer, we unveiled the first gearbox that will address the memory wall by redefining memory to compute connectivity, a solution we call Weaver. Today's on-package high bandwidth memory is capacity and throughput limited, as well as expensive and supply chain constrained. Weaver allows designers to move to commodity DDR memory and achieve up to 30 times more memory capacity and eight times the bandwidth. The key enabler for the OmniConnect family is Credo's purpose-built 112-gig VSR series that enables a 10x improvement in beachfront IO density and has a reach of up to 10 inches. The Weaver gearbox from 112-gig VSR to DDR effectively overcomes the physical and logical limitation of current memory-to-compute connectivity solutions. Our first customer for Weaver announced their plan to deliver an XPU targeted for inference with two terabytes of memory capacity, a complete game changer for workloads such as real-time AI video generation and full self-driving, where memory capacity and bandwidth are the primary gating factors. Industry forecasters project the memory to compute connectivity market to be a multi-billion dollar market by the end of the decade. We anticipate initial revenue in our fiscal 28 with significant scaling thereafter. The next OmniConnect gearboxes to be introduced will provide a future enabled path to scale out, scale up, and near package optics connectivity with XPUs. In summary, We now have five distinct high-growth connectivity pillars, AECs, IC solutions, including re-timers and optical DSPs, zero-flap optics, ALCs, and OmniConnect gearbox solutions. Together, they'll give Credo a combined total market opportunity that we believe will exceed $10 billion in the coming years, more than triple where we stood just 18 months ago. Looking forward, we couldn't be more excited about the combination of continued growth in our core AEC and IC businesses, plus the upcoming ramps of zero-flap optics, ALCs, and Omniconnect gearboxes. We believe this combination gives us a strong outlook into continued revenue growth through fiscal 26 and well beyond. Team Credo continues to execute at an elite level, delivering record results quarter after quarter, while simultaneously pioneering and launching new multibillion-dollar product categories. I'm proud of our world-class operational excellence and innovation. With that, I'll turn the call over to Dan Fleming for a detailed financial review and our Q3 guidance.

Thank you, Bill, and good afternoon. I will first review our Q2 results and then discuss our outlook for Q3 of fiscal year 26. In Q2, we reported revenue of $268 million, up 20% sequentially, and up 272% year over year, and well above the high end of our guidance range. Our product business generated $261.3 million of revenue in Q2, up 20% sequentially, and up 278% year over year. Notably, our AEC product line again grew healthy double digits sequentially to achieve new record revenue levels once again, based on substantial year-over-year growth across four domestic hyperscale customers. Our top four end customers were each greater than 10% of revenue in Q2. As a reminder, customer mix will vary from quarter to quarter, and we continue to make progress in diversifying our customer base. We continue to expect that three to four customers will be greater than 10% of revenue in the coming quarters and fiscal year as hyperscale customers continue to ramp to more significant volumes and as we expect to begin to ramp an additional hyperscale customer in the coming quarters. Our team delivered Q2 non-GAAP gross margin of 67.7% above the high end of our guidance range. and up 11 basis points sequentially. Our product non-GAAP gross margin was 66.8% in the quarter, up 18 basis points sequentially, and up 469 basis points year over year. Total non-GAAP operating expenses in the second quarter were $57.3 million, slightly above the midpoint of our guidance range and up 5% sequentially. Our non-GAAP operating income was $124.1 million in Q2, compared to non-GAAP operating income of $96.2 million in Q1, up demonstrably due to the leverage attained by achieving more than 20% sequential topline growth, while OpEx growth was in the mid single digits. Our non-GAAP operating margin was 46.3% in the quarter, compared to a non-GAAP operating margin of 43.1% in the prior quarter, a sequential increase of 319 basis points. Our bottom line once again demonstrated the substantial leverage we are delivering in the business. Our non-GAAP net income was $127.8 million in the quarter, a record high, and a 30% sequential increase compared to non-GAAP net income of $98.3 million in Q1. And our non-GAAP net margin was 47.7% in the quarter as we drove significant leverage in the business. Cash flow from operations in the second quarter was $61.7 million, up $7.5 million sequentially. CapEx was $23.2 million in the quarter, driven largely by purchases of production mask sets. And free cash flow was $38.5 million, down from $51.3 million from the first quarter due to higher CapEx investments. We ended the quarter with cash and equivalents of $813.6 million, an increase of $333.9 million from the first quarter, up largely from the proceeds of our ATM offering, which began in October. We remain well capitalized to continue investing in our growth opportunities while maintaining a substantial cash buffer. Our Q2 ending inventory was $150.2 million, up $33.5 million sequentially. Now turning to our guidance, we currently expect revenue in Q3 of fiscal 26 to be between $335 million and $345 million. up 27% sequentially at the midpoint. We expect Q3 non-GAAP gross margin to be within a range of 64% to 66%. We expect Q3 non-GAAP operating expenses to be between $68 million and $72 million. We expect Q3 diluted weighted average share count to be approximately 194 million shares. These expectations are based on the current tariff regime, which remains fluid. As we look toward the end of fiscal year 26 and into fiscal 27, we expect sequential revenue growth in the mid single digits, leading to more than 170% year-over-year growth in the current fiscal year. We expect each of our top four customers from Q2 to grow significantly year-over-year in fiscal year 26. We also expect revenue diversification to strengthen further with our fourth customer surpassing the 10% revenue threshold for this fiscal year. We expect non-GAAP operating expenses to increase year over year by approximately 50% in fiscal year 26. As a result, we expect our non-GAAP net margin to be approximately 45% for fiscal year 26. This should translate to net income more than quadrupling year over year. And with that, I will open it up for questions.

Thank you. I'd like to remind everyone in order to ask a question, please press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. We'll pause just for a moment to compile the Q&A roster. And your first question comes from the line of Tom O'Malley with Barclays. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I appreciate it. So you're seeing an expansion of the AEC market pretty rapidly here with the fourth and then now soon to be the fifth 10% customer kind of rolling on. I found it interesting amidst what is clearly like a really strong ramp in the AEC market. you're able to say that when you look at the ALC market, you could see that being double the AEC, Tim. So talking big numbers, maybe you could spend a little time talking about whether that's unit-driven, whether that's ASP-driven. Just surprised given the size, given how well AECs have done. Thank you.

So I think it's a combination of both the quantity as well as ASPs. Now, when we think about ALCs, it's really – an ideal product from the standpoint of delivering the same reliability as AECs, which is really the most critical factor right now with host to T0 or GPU to switch connections. Also, from a power efficiency standpoint, it's in the same class as AECs. I would say from a system cost perspective, perspective, again, you know, in that same class, what it delivers is a thinner wire gauge and longer length. And as we see the scale-up networks really going from inter-rack to row scale, we're talking about a tremendous increase in the number of connections. We estimate that it could be up to 10 times that of the number of scale-out connections. And so, yes, we are really, really bullish and we're strong believers in micro-LED as a technology that's really going to be a game changer for us as well as our customers.

And then just on the timing and the scale of the other customers ramping on, maybe you could give us what the percentages of the top four were this quarter and then any commentary on how large those other customers rolling on will be just to give us a feel for how one is kind of handing off to the next over the next couple of quarters would be super helpful. Thank you again.

Sure, Tom. So for Q2, as we mentioned in my prepared remarks, we had four 10% customers. The largest was 42% of revenue. And that was the customer that we've in the past said we expect to be the largest customer this fiscal year. The second largest was 24%. which happened to be our first hyperscaler to ramp a few years back. Third largest was 16%, which was our largest customer in Q1. And the fourth was 11%, which is our newest hyperscaler that we've discussed in the past. So when you kind of plot that all out, what you see and what we've been fairly consistent in saying is that the ramp at any given single hyperscaler Um, is never really linear. So we're seeing that, um, with our largest customer from last quarter, taking a bit of a pause this quarter. Um, but our largest customer for this fiscal year, which had been down for the last few quarters is back up again. So there is a, there's definitely a give and take, um, that we are managing through. And again, we have 12 months visibility. in some cases even greater visibility with our customers in order to be able to manage that through the course of time. Hard to predict exactly how things are going to fall quarter to quarter longer term, but hopefully that gives you kind of a flavor as to what we're seeing kind of on the ground right now today.

And your next question comes from the line of Tor Svonberg with Stiefel. Your line is open.

Yes, congratulations on the solid results. Bill, I had a question on your sort of three new product lines here, obviously all in the optical domain. You know, first of all, could you maybe elaborate a little bit on how much you're focusing on the system level products? You know, because obviously in copper, yeah, you have system level products, but the three areas in optical, you know, how much of those should we assume are systems? And then I have a follow-up. Thank you.

Yeah, so we've been very consistent in talking about our intent to continue to expand our portfolio at the system level. And I would say that, yes, ALCs as well as ZF Optics, those are both optical solutions. But the Omniconnect family will be initially copper-based and then longer term will offer near-package optics options with that. And so I think that from the standpoint of delivering value to our customers, we are very much focused on delivering non-commodity, non-IEEE standard, well beyond what that standard calls for. And I think ZF Optics is a great example of that in a sense that going back 18 to 20 months ago, we really heard strong feedback from multiple customers that reliability was the top priority as people became more familiar with the issues that they were seeing with building out AI clusters. And so with one of the customers that we were on stage with at OCP, we got to work thinking about how do we integrate higher level within the stack? How do we integrate within the network software for that customer within their AI cluster? And so the concept is, how do we provide more visibility, more telemetry? How do we make that information available and actionable at a network level? When we think about the opportunity that we're creating for our customer here, it's really creating almost like a check engine light, being able to set a threshold on links, all of the links within a cluster, and be able to sense real time when customers any of those links are degrading. Being able to set a threshold and once that signal integrity drops below that threshold, being able to action it by, in an orderly fashion, taking that GPU out of the cluster before you see a link flap that could potentially take down the cluster entirely. And so that type of value add is completely innovative. And it's defining a new class of optical connectivity And it's very, very targeted for reliability. And that reliability is really with traditional laser-based optical transceivers. So that's been a big investment. We delivered a custom optical DSP. The whole pilot telemetry platform is something that we've been working on for many years. And there's a lot of know special development work that was done to tightly tightly couple that optical dsp and then integrating within you know a switch level sdk this is uh these are all things at a system level that needed to be done to be able to bring this product to market when we think about alc's i've talked about that you know that's a game changer it's basically changing the light source to at a ground level deliver better reliability and when we think about our first gearbox in the OmniConnect family, it is a copper solution. But it's redefining how memory to compute or memory to XPU connectivity is done. And when we think about the alternative being HVM, all in package, all driving extremely challenging heat dissipation environments, that translates directly to reliability as well. being able to move the memory up to 10 inches away, not only does it lift the logical and physical limitation that you've got by being in a package with a beachfront IO density that's not as dense, it really eliminates the reliability issue that you've got with the heat that's generated by putting so much memory in a single package with the XPU. So it's really a combination of both optical and copper. But again, we're agnostic to the medium. We're agnostic to exactly how these solutions are put together, whether they're copper or fiber, it's ultimately delivering a solution to the customers that is just much better than it's in the market today.

That's very helpful. Thank you for that. And as my follow-up, and I'm very interested in the 112 gig VSR 30 technology. I think you mentioned initially it's going to be copper, but eventually you're going to have an optical solution as well. I'm just curious, you know, would you have to develop, you know, some silicon photonics technology there, or would that still sort of be a solution in the pure silicon domain? Thank you.

Yeah, so regarding the CERTIs that was developed, you know, specifically for this application, you know, I love the arguments in the market about, you know, who's got the best CERTIs. And a lot of times in the market, you know, people like to think the longest reach CERTIs is obviously the best. We look at it differently. We really look at it from an application-specific perspective. And so when we think about the idea of giving an XPU customer a piece of IP to integrate, we think about how do we achieve the smallest footprint, the lowest power. And ultimately, with this VSR-Certi that we developed, On a max reticle die, we can fit 1,200 of these 30s, creating 120 terabits per second of potential bandwidth. That's unprecedented. That has yet to be achieved, especially when you think about the reach being 10 inches. Other competitive solutions, the reach would be an inch or less. And so basically forcing there to be a die-to-die connectivity versus moving a chip outside the package. And so it's a real breakthrough. I would argue that this is best in class, and it's enabling an entire family of solutions that range from I.O. solutions for memory, but also from a scale-out or scale-up perspective, and long-term with near-package optics. And the near-package optics will leverage the work that we're doing in microLED. So first step will be ALCs, and then we'll roll that right into some additional game-changing applications like near-packaged optics.

Your next question comes from the line of Vivek Arya with Bank of America. Your line is open.

Thanks for taking my question. Bill, which applications are your four customers using AECs for today, and which applications are they not yet using AECs for? And as we look into next year, there's a lot of talk of co-packaged optics coming into the mix, and I was hoping you could give us a sense for what impact that might have on the current or future AEC usage by your customers.

So the different applications that we've talked about in the past have been, number one, front-end network connections. Of course, that was the first application to ramp with our first customer years ago. We've also talked about the... scale-out opportunity as part of the back-end network of AI clusters. The third application we've talked about is switch racks, and that would be, you know, as opposed to buying a chassis filled with switches, you would stack those vertically in a rack, and that backplane connection within a chassis would become a short-cabled connection within the rack. Those are the first three applications we've talked about, and we are in production with all three of those with different customers. We're definitely not fully penetrated with all of our customers, but we are in production with all three of those applications. I would say the one remaining application that will be high volume is with the scale-up network as that network goes rack scale and then ultimately goes row scale, depending on the density and the number of racks that are being deployed. Now, as it relates to co-package optics, this has been a long conversation, really, for the 12 years I've been involved in this industry. There's been a conversation about moving to a co-package. It's changed names or changed acronyms over time. But I think that before it takes off in a really big way, there's got to be answers to the pitfalls that are very, very well known. Number one, related to reliability, serviceability, maintenance, cost, of course. And we think that there's solutions that are going to be more optimized from a power standpoint, more optimized from a reliability standpoint. And we're focused on bringing those solutions to market, really, maybe even within the same timeframe as people talk about co-package optics. So there's been lots of demonstrations, but We don't see a lot of customers moving forward in a big way that would have an impact on us. I think it's safe to say that, you know, from that host to T0 connection perspective, reliability is top, you know, absolutely, you know, top of the list on priorities. So I think we're, you know, that's obviously the high volume part of the market, and we don't see that, you know, we don't see that moving to CPO anytime soon.

All right. And for my follow-up, I'm curious, how does your ASP lift from the 100 to 200 gig per lane compared to the lift that you have seen and are still seeing in the 50 to 100 gig transition? And does the competitive landscape change as you start moving to 200 gig? Does that new application create a bigger opportunity for some of your competitors?

Thank you. I think the question is a bit more complex than just thinking about moving from one lane speed to a faster lane speed. Our ASPs are highly dependent on the number of connectors in the SKU, the devices that we're using within those connectors, and the length of the connections. And so it's safe to say that we have had some uplift going from 50 to 100 gig, and I believe there's going to be an uplift going from 100 to 200, but I can't I can't kind of categorize it simply, but I do think that naturally there will be an advantage as we move to faster lane speeds.

Your next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham and Company. The line is open.

Hey, guys. Congratulations on the nice results and outlook. I guess, Bill, I had a question just on the Supply side of things, I think looking at the 10K you guys put out, you list BizLink as sort of your sole provider of AEC cable manufacturing. And obviously, the forecast here is getting pretty big pretty quickly. How are you feeling about AEC supply? Are there any constraints you're working through? Anything to call out on the supply front?

I think we're entering a period of time where we will be talking about supply constraints more frequently. Now, as it relates to our AEC volumes, I don't see a concern related to the quantity that we can produce with our partners. I think we've proven that over the last year that we can ramp significantly in a very short period of time. So this is a completely different equation than you know, thinking about a wafer foundry. And so I do, over the last two to three months, we've really seen an increase in the, you know, the conversations around, you know, what is the total potential wafer demand in the market for next year and the year beyond and the year beyond that. And I do think that if we look at it from a demand standpoint, the market in general is going to kind of quickly get to the point where we're kind of almost self-regulated by foundry capacity. And so I don't want to be too controversial talking about it, but I think from an advanced node perspective, I think it's going to be a more frequent conversation about capacity constraints at a wafer level. Now, as it relates to Credo, I think that a couple of things give us an advantage. We've talked about, if you remember, the N-1 process strategy, which is we've always had a strategy to be in older geometry processes than our competition if we can deliver best-in-class power, best-in-class die sizes, and best-in-class performance. And so we've done that successfully over time. So right now, 12 nanometers is our workhorse. And that's not as tight as, say, 3 nanometer or 5 nanometer. And so we feel pretty good about where we are just related to a situation where there's an increasing demand across the board for wafer volume. But I also will say that our foundry partners are very, very well in tune that the connectivity solutions, the relatively small die size connectivity solutions are critical for, you know, for shipping GPUs. You can't really ship GPUs without connectivity solutions. And so I think for a couple of reasons, you know, I think we're going to be able to manage our way through that. Now, as far as our partners within the AAC product, yeah, I mean, this is why, you know, being vertically integrated like we are gives us an advantage because I've got a system-level supply chain team that is – You know, making sure that all of the partners that supply components that go into the AECs, that they've got as much visibility and much commitment as they need to go build out what we see needed in the future. And so I think, yeah, great question. I think it's going to be really topical as we go through Calendar 26.

Thanks. And for my follow-up, Bill, just looking at your top two customers, I believe they are still at either 50 gig or 25 gig per lane, but just wondering if you could, you know, confirm that at least, you know, that it still feels like the vast majority of your AEC business is at 50 gig per lane, and it sounds like there's an opportunity that as those customers ultimately transition to 100 gig per lane, there's probably some ASP left you would see with that transition. I want to ask you to comment on specifically when they may transition. But just, I don't think it's happened yet and was hoping you could confirm that the top two guys are still either 25 or 50 gig per lane.

I'll confirm that we're in production with 25 gig per lane, 50 gig per lane, as well as 100 gig per lane. And probably one of the fastest growing parts of our business has been the shipments of 100 gig per lane solutions. And so the, you know, the, yeah, you're right that it's not so simple for me to categorize it. I do think that over time you'll see the entire customer base moving to 100 gig per lane and then making a move towards 200 gig per lane over the next two to three years. So I think generally, the trend that you're referring to, I think that we can say generally that it's accurate. We'll see uplift as the market migrates towards faster speeds.

Your next question comes from the line of Suji Da Silva with Roth Capital Partners. Your line is open.

Hi, Bill. Hi, Dan. Congrats on the progress here. Um, maybe you could talk about your customers now, you know, when you first IPO, get a handful of customers. Now you're, you know, gaining, uh, with five customers here potentially for the hyperscales that don't kind of use you at a scaled level, you know, 10% plus type levels. I know you're in all of them, some level, what, um, what is the difference between the customers you haven't penetrated yet? And the ones, you know, you're getting to 10 plus percent in, in various quarters.

we look at every one of the hyperscalers as almost a different market. They're all trying to maybe solve the same problem generally, but there's so many different ways to solve those problems. And so network architecture is very much specific to each one of our customers. And I can tell you that the first program that we engage with, typically that's led to many other programs within the same customer. And I think that as we think about the customer base right now, we think of six hyperscalers in the U.S. and we think of a handful in Asia. But I think we're going to be talking more and more about that next tier of customer because I think it's going to be possible to drive pretty big numbers with that next tier of data centers. So generally, I think that as I think about our business, you know, this has been a very significant quarter for us in a sense, you know, that we're showing a path to a much more diversified business, not just from a customer base, but from a protocol perspective with PCIE, as well as from a, you know, just the overall TAM expanding by addressing, you a much broader market with our system level solutions. And so if you think about it, we talk about OmniConnect first, and we're really addressing die-to-die or chip-to-chip connections at a system level. And when you think about retimers, those connections can probably be up to a half to one meter, and typically on an appliance card or a switch card. When we think about AECs up to seven meters, we think about ALCs up to 30 meters, and we think about ZF optics up to a kilometer or beyond, whatever the maximum length is within the data center. And so I think in the past 90 days, this has been probably the most transformative from a news standpoint. We've been working on these things for 18 months or so, but now being able to talk about it, I think it shows a clear path to a much more diversified company long-term as we, you know, think about moving the company from that billion-dollar threshold in revenue annually to $5 billion and beyond over the next several years.

Okay. Appreciate how you classified the product there for us. And then my other question is on manufacturing. I know with AECs, you're doing the cable manufacturing and how selling the entire cable solution. Is it the same strategy for ALC? Will it be modules versus cables, outsourcing, any color that would be helpful?

The strategy for ALCs will be very similar to the strategy for AECs. We intend to own the entire stack, take accountability for the entire system solution. And so we'll see as that develops that, you know, that'll be a very similar model to what we've got today with AECs.

Your next question comes from the line of Jay Rakesh with Mizuho. Your line is open.

Yeah, hey, Bill and Dan, congratulations here. Just a quick question on the scale-up. Do you see those revenues start to ramp in second half calendar 26? And I think you mentioned activity cables, ALC, in calendar 27. Is that the way to look at it?

For scale-up specifically, we're going to enter that market with PCIe Gen 6 solutions. Now, of course, we'll entertain Gen 5 in the interim, but really the product is targeted for Gen 6. We'll bring both retimers and AECs to market simultaneously, and we see a big opportunity for both. If I think long-term, that will migrate to faster lane speeds, and PCIe Gen 7 is absolutely a conversation. We'll deliver products to the market to meet that protocol, that Gen 7 128 gigabits per second per lane protocol. But also there's a huge conversation about 200 gig per lane. And over time, the protocol war will settle down and ultimately one or two or even three will be in production. We feel good about that because all of the things being discussed right now at 200 gig per lane use the same IEEE 30s. And so we've talked about being protocol agnostic for the 200 gig per lane generation. And I'll say that all of the products that we've talked about, we're going to be delivering solutions for scale up with all of those products, including AECs and ALCs. And if the market moves towards longer connections, we will surely move to ZF optics as well. But that's yet to be determined.

Got it. And then longer-term, as you're obviously seeing a pretty strong AAC ramp, how should we look at the gross margin profile as, you know, optical DSPs are starting to ramp as well? Just longer-term, how to look at those margins? Thanks.

Yeah, we've been very consistent in saying, you know, our long-term expectation for gross margins is, you know, in the 63 to 65% range. So we are clearly at a point in time right now where we're a bit above that, but we don't expect that to be the case longer term. You know, if you look at the more medium term, probably, you know, we guided to 65 at the midpoint. So we'll be kind of near that high end of that long-term expectation. But just longer term, expect that to settle down into an area that, you know, historically, companies like us haven't been in.

Your next question comes from the line of Sean O'Halen with TD Cowan. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. Thanks for letting me on the call, and obviously, congrats on the great results. I had a question about the ALC technology and know your relationship with hyperloom specifically i think bill you just alluded to having worked been working on this you know for the last 18 months or so and i would assume that that's kind of how the acquisition came together and then so maybe just talk about that and then if you could address you know if we're sitting here in in 2027 2028 and alcs haven't ramped has it be Is this because of a technology problem that you guys still need to figure out, or is it because of a business problem that maybe the market didn't go the direction that you thought it would? Thanks.

I think it goes back a couple of years ago that we first became very interested in micro-LED technology as an option to bring you know, really differentiating products to market, you know, first with ALCs, and then the second step is, you know, to answer some of the pitfalls of near package optics. The, you know, the first couple of companies that we engaged with were independent companies. And, you know, ultimately, we made the decision earlier this year to, you know, to basically bring the technology in-house, bring the team in-house, so that we could have a very predictive outcome on time to market. And so at this point, what we've learned over the last 18 months to two years is significant. The team that we've combined forces with, Hyperloom, we feel like right at this point, it's more of an execution play. It's not really a, you know, so the technology, I think, is well along the path of being developed. Now it's just an execution play, bringing it to market. And so I feel confident about bringing a product to market in our fiscal 27 and ramping, first initial ramps in fiscal 28. You know, from the standpoint of our confidence on this, as far as this being a product that's going to resonate with our customers, I think you know, that we've got several years under our belts bringing new products and categories of products to market. The initial conversations with customers, I don't see any major barriers to overcome from the standpoint of, you know, customers accepting the product. These are going to be, you know, these are going to be bookended solutions, so they're going to be delivered in the form of a cable. And, you know, the bottom line is, when we deliver on the promise of reliability, power efficiency, and system cost that's equal to AECs, but you get a thinner wire and you get longer length, it's really the perfect type of product. I really, again, view this as more of an execution challenge, and I feel very good about the team we've got in place, the additions that we've got planned over the next 12 months, to make sure we get this right.

Yeah, thanks for that. And then quick follow-up on ZF Optics. Understanding that they're a system-level solution, is there a line rate or a lane rate that the ZF Optics platform is targeting to intersect with, or is it relatively agnostic, can be leveraged at 50 gig, 100 gig, 200 gig per lane type of applications?

It can be leveraged across the board. The first product that we'll go to production with is 100 gig per lane. It'll be 800 gig ports that we're addressing. But there's definitely a path to 1.6T. But if we had a customer that wanted to bring a product to market that was 50 gig per lane, there's no issue with that.

Awesome. Thanks for the color, guys, and congrats again. Thanks.

Your next question comes from the line of Christopher Roland with Susquehanna. The line is open.

Hi, guys. Thank you for the question, and congrats on the pretty amazing results here. And, yeah, these are probably going to be for Dan and Uh, so you guys in a very good way, kind of blew up my old model. Um, so, uh, you know, I think we've talked, you guys talked about more than 170% year over year growth. Um, perhaps we can put some brackets or talk about next year. Uh, obviously we'll have a deceleration. but do you think that we could grow at a rate similar to the street where it was, or do you think that needs to come down a little bit, just given the better results for this fiscal year? Just any sort of commentary as to the growth rate for next year would be phenomenal.

Yeah, so in my prepared remarks, I specifically said, you know, mid-single digits revenue growth sequentially through fiscal 27. So that's the expectation that we've set. You know, we set that expectation probably three or four quarters ago as well, if you go back and look at things, and we've outperformed that. So sure, things could change, but we're not setting any expectation that's different from what we said.

Okay. Okay, thank you very much for that. I guess I don't know, were we at the higher end of mid-single digits and do we move lower just given the better results? And then my second question, Dan, is around OPEX. So a pretty big guided bump for next quarter. Maybe talk about that. Is that just a bunch of engineers coming on? Uh, is that more one time? Um, and then do we take that bump and then just forecast it across every quarter moving forward? Uh, how should we think about that? And, or like just, you know, what do you think OpEx might grow at a percentage of revenue? If that's easier to discuss, um, however you would frame it.

Yeah. So, um, So let me just first state that we're continuing to manage our operating expenses in order to support the revenue growth that we foresee. And as you know, all of these projects, all of these pillars of growth that Bill has talked about, you know, there's a long gestation period for all of them. And you need engineers, engineering talent to be able to execute on that. So we feel like we're in a great position to do so. Our Q3 OPEX guide was up more than it has been in the last few quarters, up 22% at the midpoint. But as you dig into our queue, you'll see our R&D spend was sequentially down in Q2. So in one way, we're kind of making up for that small decline. So long story short, getting to 70 million at the midpoint, that does set a new base. There's additional project-related spend within that plus additional hiring. We've brought the Hyperloom team on board. There's a lot of different factors that go into that number. But if you plug that number into your model and have a small sequential increase in Q4, you'll kind of end up at a 50% year-over-year OPEX growth from fiscal 25 to fiscal 26, which was also in my prepared remarks. So hopefully that's helpful. Excellent.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Carl Ackerman with P&P Parabist. Your line is open.

Yes, thank you, gentlemen. I have two questions, if I may. First, could you speak to why you are now licensing your active electrical cable IP to third parties and how this agreement reflects your perceived competitive mode and go-to-market for AECs?

To give background on the case that we filed with the ICC, this is a market, the AEC market, that Credo pioneered over the last seven or eight years. We spent tens of millions of dollars establishing the innovations required to build these products. And it's great to see that the product category is, you know, has realized what we felt would be a multi-billion dollar market potential. And so along the way, you know, we've been pretty communicative with others that are in the market or showing intent to enter the market that we've got IP and we're intending, you know, to make sure that there's respect for that IP. And so, you know, we got to the point where we felt it necessary to file with the ITC because we weren't getting, you know, great respect or great acknowledgement of You know, the fact that the path was pretty well defined by Credo and our engineering team. And so I think we feel really good with where we are. We never thought about this market as being, you know, a market that would take off if there was a single supplier. And so our customers all want multiple suppliers. Ultimately, we've... We've landed in a good spot with three other conversations that we've had thus far. We've got a couple more in flight or maybe even more than a couple more in flight. This doesn't change anything competitively for us. We've always thought about competition as a challenge of moving more quickly and in a way that delivers what our customers want. And so it's a function of delivering what they want first, having it be qualified first, ramping first, delivering flawlessly as they ramp and as they are in high volume production. That's really our focus as a team, both at an engineering level as well as an operations level. And so I'd say that we're satisfied with where we are competitively and we're satisfied with where we are with the results thus far that we've seen as we've protected our IP.

Got it. That's helpful. Bill, maybe a question for Dan. You know that you've got 12 minutes of visibility with several hyperscale customers. I guess it begs the question, you know, what was the largest delta in your upwardly revised outlook versus your prior outlook of 960 and change? I guess how much of it was simply the ramp of your, the fifth hyperscale customer versus just higher order rates of existing programs or even new AEC applications across scale out and desegregated chassis at some of the other customers. Thank you.

What I'd say, this is more of a general comment, and this is true of the last three to four quarters. We've seen continuing strengthening of our forecast throughout the quarters as they proceeded, which is how we've gotten into this particular rhythm that we're in right now. So it's not specific to a customer. It's perhaps more of an industry trend. And we've benefited from that. So that's what we've seen.

And your next question comes from the line of Joseph Cardozo with JP Morgan. Your line is open.

Hey, thanks for the question. Maybe for my first one, I just wanted to touch again on the entry into the optical transceiver market beyond just DSPs. This is obviously a very large and expanding TAM, but perhaps one where current industry margins are somewhat below your long-term targets. So maybe can you just take a second and just talk about how you're thinking about the margin opportunity here? And also curious whether you're focused on just selling the full modules or if there's an opportunity to drive attach of the DSPs, pilot software, etc., and sell those building blocks of the zero-flop solution to potential customers? And then I have a follow-up. Thank you.

Yeah, we're absolutely thinking about this product in a similar way that we think about the other system-level products. We're going to take full ownership and accountability for the entire system-level solution. So we're not necessarily competing in terms the current commodity market, if a customer is looking, you know, for that step function in reliability that you can get by going up the stack with the solution you're bringing to market. Absolutely. But it's not a conversation about, you know, what is the price of a transceiver in the market. This is really a system-level solution. And so it's – It's a combination of all things, you know, DSP. It's a combination of, you know, the software that we're bringing. And it's really most importantly is the tight interaction that we've got with our customers. And so I think we've been really clear, and I think Dan specifically has been clear in stating that we don't see any change to our long-term gross margin model.

Nope. Got it. Very clear bill. And then maybe just a quick clarification on the fifth customer in the quarter, and maybe this is anecdotal, but it sounds at least like they're tracking ahead of expectations relative to last quarter with some initial revenue this quarter, but just wanted to clarify if that was the case. And as we think about that customer tracking into the back half of this year, is there any opportunity for this customer to, to be 10%, at least on a quarterly basis? No. in the back half or has the denominator just kind of outpaced that opportunity there? Thanks for the questions. Appreciate it.

Things take time. And, you know, I think if you look at the base that we're talking about, that 10% number has changed pretty drastically from a couple of years ago to today. Things take time to ramp. And so when we think about, you know, customer number five, we think about initial revenue this year. there's not a chance that that will be a 10% customer this fiscal year. And I do think that the customer has the potential of being a 10% customer, especially if we think about it at a quarterly level first and then an annual level secondarily. No question that they've got the type of size to be able to drive that type of number, but it's going to take time.

And your last question comes from Sebastian Nagy with William Blair. Your line is open.

Yeah, thanks for squeezing me in here and congrats on a nice set of results. I'll ask both my questions together in the interest of time. The first one is, you know, Credo has an advantage in that it's agnostic to the underlying compute, could be merchant GB racks, ASIC racks, even CPU servers. So could you maybe talk a little bit about how much of your business is tied to ASIC versus merchant silicon deployments today and where that share might go over the next year? And then my second question, I just wanted to ask about the timing of purchases from your customers. How aligned are AAC purchases with the GPU or ASIC purchases? And do customers typically purchase ahead or one after the other? And is there any risk of inventory build if they're purchasing ahead of GPU orders?

Thank you.

We're not really able to break out the percentage of GPUs that are, say, internally developed or commercially available in the market. We don't actually track it that way. I can say the first comment that you made is absolutely accurate, that we're agnostic to the type of GPU that's being deployed. I will say that from a deployment standpoint, the second question that you asked, My belief is that everything is ordered in a way that would have all of the necessary components being delivered at the same time. It's a very, very complex supply chain that our customers are dealing with, but I think they're ordering the connectivity solutions right along with the GPUs. We have pretty good visibility within you know, within the supply chain from delivering our products all the way to having those products deployed. So we get a good sense of the type of inventory that exists within the partners that each one of our customers use to stage inventory. And we feel pretty good about – we feel pretty good that there's not really a bubble of product that's sitting in inventory right now.

Great. Thank you.

And with no further questions, Mr. Brennan, I turn the call back over to you for closing remarks.

Yeah, thank you. I really appreciate the strong interest in Credo. We'll talk to you all soon. We're a little bit off schedule, so the callback might be a bit rushed and a bit delayed. But again, really appreciate it. Thank you very much.

This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.