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Operator
Welcome to GEVO's third quarter 2021 earnings conference call. My name is Gigi, and I will be your operator for today's call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will be conducting a question and answer session. Please note that this conference is being recorded. I'll now turn the call over to Jeffrey Williams, GEVO's Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary. Please go ahead, Mr. Williams.
Gigi
Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining GEVO's third quarter 2021 earnings conference call. I would like to start by introducing today's participants from the company. With us today is Patrick Gruber, GEVO's chief executive officer, Lynn Small, GEVO's chief financial officer, and Paul Bloom, GEVO's chief carbon and innovation officer. Earlier today, we issued a press release that outlines the topics we plan to discuss. A copy of this press release is available on our website at www.jiva.com. I would like to remind our listeners that this conference call is open to the media and that we are providing a simultaneous webcast of this call to the public. A replay of today's call will be available on Jiva's website. On the call today and on this webcast, you will hear discussions of certain non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is contained in the press release distributed today, which is posted on our website. We will also make certain forward-looking statements about events and circumstances that have not yet occurred, including but not limited to, projections about GEVO's Net-01 project and GEVO's operating activities for the remainder of 2021 and beyond. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including those disclosed in GEVO's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and in subsequent reports and other filings made with the SEC by GVO, including GVO's quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of today's date, and GVO disclaims any obligation to update information contained in these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. On today's call, Pat will begin with a discussion of GVO's business developments. Lynn will then review GVO's financial position, and Paul will finish up with a discussion of verity tracking. Following these prepared remarks, we will open up the call for questions. I'll now turn the call over to Pat.
Patrick Gruber
Thanks, Jeff. As everyone paying attention to us knows and has seen our presentations or press releases of the videos, They know we're on a crusade in the pursuit of net zero drop-in fuels. We have learned that we can convert renewable carbon into gasoline, jet fuel, SAF, and diesel fuel, as well as the building block chemicals to make most plastics and other larger volume chemicals. The technologies work. The key to driving out the fossil footprint in all of these products is renewable electricity and alternatives to fossil-based natural gas. If we reduce and eliminate fossil energy from our production systems, We should be able to achieve net zero fossil footprints of our products as measured across the whole of the business system. That means all the way from carbon capture to tailpipe or the exhaust of a jet engine. We are in the business of transforming renewable energy into energy-dense liquids like SAF and motor fuels. When we look at our business, we have some similar issues that are confronted by EVs and hydrogen companies. That is, what's the source of electricity? Is it fossil or not? What's the source of energy to produce hydrogen, fossil or not? It turns out we're all aligned regarding infrastructure. If our business system has access to renewable energy, then it shouldn't surprise anybody that the fossil footprint could be reduced and potentially eliminated. So EV folk, the hydrogen folk, and companies like us all need improved access to renewable energy. I'm glad to see the emphasis of this in public policy, infrastructure. I'm glad to see that bill got passed. Because of the size of our renewable energy need and the ability to achieve economies of scale, we expect that our business system could further catalyze development of renewable energy. We are finding that there are many parties interested in building out renewable energy infrastructure. They need a big customer, someone like us. I'm also glad that our products drop into existing pipelines and enhance existing markets. I'm glad our products are dropping at the consumer level. There is a benefit if no one needs new airplanes, cars, or trucks to reduce or even eliminate the fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions footprint from combustion engines. I expect that we will have the opportunity to help the EV and hydrogen people, too, as we expect to generate excess energy, excess renewable energy, electricity, and even hydrogen and supply to the marketplace where they wouldn't otherwise have it or couldn't do it. Our Net Zero One plant design is unusual for the following reasons. We are designing it with the carbon footprint in mind from the get-go. We are working with Juul Energy on a wind farm that would be wired directly to the plant. We are planning to install a wastewater treatment plant that has the ability to generate water for use in the production process, sure. But equally as important, it is expected to produce enough bio-based methane to run the plant. We also plan to install electrolysis units to produce green hydrogen from wind. So it's a different set of paradigms about how to install energy and manage it across the whole. Of course, we get excited that we can prove, using the world-leading Argonne National Laboratory's GREET model, that by substituting the energy sources, getting it away from fossil-based sources, and by using carbohydrates from sustainably grown corn, that the system we are building should be able to achieve a net zero fossil carbon footprint across the whole of the life cycle from carbon capture to tailpipe or exhaust to a jet engine. Think about it for a second here. Jet fuel has roughly a fossil footprint of about 90 using a carbon score index. That means a 90 is a fossil-based score. RSAF, when burned, according to the Argonne Green Model, is expected to be zero. That means that our SAF sitting in a tank or a rail car before it's been burned is at least a negative 90 CI score, negative 90. If we never burned it as a fuel, it would just be sequestered carbon in a tank. That's an interesting paradigm. When the fuel such as SAF is burned, it does release CO2, so then the carbon scores back up from minus 90 to near zero. Renewable energy in a tank, with all the advantages that that infrastructure provides to take it to market, and all the vehicles, the planes, they all exist and can be used without change. That's pretty amazing. It's really a new game to think about what can be done. So for a minute, suppose our building blocks produced at a net zero plant were used to make plastics rather than making SAF or motor fuels. These building blocks would result in the same plastics made from petroleum. except that we would have swapped out the fossil carbon for renewable carbon captured from the atmosphere. The technology works. So imagine car bumpers or tires made from our stuff. They'd be sequestered carbon, captured from the air, transformed into durable goods. The carbon score of that bumper or tires could be expected to be massively negative because we're not burning the products. They're being made into durable goods. Of course, it would depend upon the content of those plastics or rubber derived from our net zero type of ingredients. Looking forward and in the future, we expect to add geological sequestration to the decarbonization mix. Of course we can do that. Others can. We can do it too. That should make our footprint even more negative, more negative in a big way, that according to GREET, we'd expect the possibility of a negative 30 to 40 CI score from where we are today. That's even after the fuel is burned. If we add some new techniques in agriculture, it can even be more negative across the whole of the life cycle. How could it be so negative? Because our business system would be the cause of carbon sequestration, for instance, in the soil or in geological formations. In addition, by using the latest processing techniques for corn, higher value protein products and corn oil can be produced and sold into the food chain. This is really important. We believe that it's possible to use land to produce food and generate raw materials for energy simultaneously, and many improvements still can be made. We're not done yet. Of course, we can also use carbohydrate feedstocks derived from wood, biomass, molasses, and other carbohydrate sources. Any of these are fair game for us as we grow our business. The sustainability of each feedstock would need to be proven, and it must be cost-effective before we take it on. Now, we've been making... Excellent progress on the business front. So first, Chevron. The MOU with them outlines the basic deal where they would take up to 150 million gallons of hydrocarbon fuels and correspondingly invest in the production assets to produce those fuels. Good. That means that if we did six net zero one style plants, each with a capacity of about 50 million gallons, and if they took 50% of the capacity, then the MOU contemplates them investing in 50% of the capital in each of the plants. We've still got to convert the MOU to definitive agreements, and there could be some twists and turns along the way, but we like Chevron's commitment and their energy that they bring to getting this done. Ethanol to jet is a new thing for us. We've been working on it quietly for years, and then we announced that we signed a deal with Axons of North America that gives GEVO the exclusive license to develop ethanol to jet in North America. Axons is the licensing arm of the French National Research and Engineering Laboratory called IFP. IFP focuses on applied research and engineering. They do a lot of work over the years, over the decades, on refining technology, chemical plant technology, and many, many other technologies. They're a really well-known research and engineering outfit. Their capabilities are truly immense. We were just visiting there in the last month. They're quite impressive. We got to know them. We got to know Accent. Because of our work on NET-01, we are co-engineering the process to convert isobutanol into jet fuel and renewable alkali. We get along really well with them. And as we got to know them, we learned that they have more than 60 patents and 25 plants commercially operating with the technology to convert ethylene into fuels and chemicals. Now, we know how to decarbonize alcohols. And we know how to convert alcohols into olefins. Ethylene is an olefin. And so... Together, it occurred to us that, you know what, we've got a really clear path to take ethanol as a feedstock using commercially proven technology and convert ethanol to SAF in proven processes. It's pretty impressive. They have done these technologies using petrochemical-based feedstocks. What's new here? Bringing ethanol in, converting it to ethylene, and taking the ethylene onward into the well-proven processes. So we struck a strategic alliance with them. And we believe that ethanol to jet is going to be important. And we see it as synergistic with the isobutanol to hydrocarbon routes. In fact, there's many opportunities to add value to each. It should give us the opportunity to produce more products, a wider slate of products, as Tim Cesarick likes to say. We can do diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline products, and many other building blocks for the chemical industry. and ultimately achieve a higher renewable content in fuels. In other words, it makes it easier. We have more building blocks to work with so we can make a more complete fuel over the long run. It's also worth noting that actions will provide process performance guarantees for the alcohol to SAF and motor fuels technologies. And, of course, that's really useful in financing production facilities at the project level. We signed an MOU with ADM with the intent of converting 900 million gallons per year of ethanol into about 500 million gallons of SAF and hydrocarbons, and along with that to build IBA to hydrocarbons, particularly in Decatur. ADM has some of the most economical ethanol plants on the planet. Starting with low cost ethanol is a really good idea when converting it into SAF. The work with ADM is expected to result in a JV with them and other investors. ADM indicator has been a pioneer in geological sequestration, too. It's an exciting opportunity, and I expect that they will be a good partner. I know everybody is interested in the customer pipeline. It's growing. We are still on the tack of obtaining financial offtake agreements. The pipeline of potential contracts is now well over a billion gallons per year. We are negotiating these contracts. The interest in SAF has definitely increased, especially since the White House meeting a couple months ago. We expect to announce the next agreement that sells out Net Zero Two and beyond soon. We acquired the Butamax patent portfolio. We now have about 600 or so patents covering the biotechnology, fermentation, production processes, converting alcohols into hydrocarbons. It adds value to have all these patents under one roof. I'm glad to have that cleaned up. Our Net Zero One project is on track. Kiewit, one of the world's largest and most capable engineering and construction firms, is a great addition to our team. Kiewit has tremendous horsepower and the capability to build multiple plants at once. This ability is really important to us since that is the situation I think we're going to find ourselves in, that is needing to build more than one plant at once. They have a reputation of delivering on time and on budget. In addition, they're really good people. We'll have the next round of engineering done around year end. Then we'll be moving to a more detailed phase. We expect to have the EPC wrap completed around the end of the first quarter, maybe early second quarter, and then work to complete the project debt deal. If this timing all holds up, we expect to get the plant up and running in 2024. Our Northwest Iowa Renewable Natural Gas Project is on track. It's expected to start up in the first part of next year. It's gone very well so far. I like the experience we are getting because renewable methane, biogas, and RNG are all going to be really important to us as we work to defossilize the hydrocarbon production systems like alcohol and alcohol hydrocarbons. As I already mentioned, one of the big issues that creates the footprint from these plans is The fossil-based natural gas and fossil-based electricity, eliminating these things, makes everything more green. As a last key point, we are changing our ambitions. We believe that it's possible to bring online a business that delivers and sells one billion gallons of capacity or more per year using the combination of IVA and ethanol as feedstocks to hydrocarbons to serve SAF and motor fuels markets by 2030. We call this a Billion Gallon Initiative. Simple, a billion gallons or more by 2030. This is what we're working on, and I believe the pieces are falling into place. Net zero one is the first step, and we need to get it right. But we see that the potential is large, and we can achieve fast growth beyond net zero one. We see that Chevron, ADM, Axins, and others all could be part of making this happen. Now, Lynn Small is here with me today. We decided to change the format and content of our earnings calls. Rather than read the financial details that are already disclosed in our earnings press release and Form 10-Q, we figured it would be far more useful for Lynn to just talk about Jeevo's financial position and what his thoughts are in larger, more general terms. Lynn?
Jeff
Thank you, Pat. Jeevo's primary execution focus is getting Net Zero One built and operating successfully. NET-01's design and engineering work is progressing well, and we're advancing the plant engineering procurement and construction contract with Kiewit. We feel very good about our partnership approach with Kiewit and their strong expertise and capabilities, as well as their abilities around delivering multiple plants simultaneously, as Pat mentioned. We expect to start ordering long lead equipment to engage in site mobilization and preparation work, and continue detailed engineering in the first half of 2022. This is key to enable us to hold our project timelines. The wind power and wastewater anaerobic digestion design, build, own, operate, manage partnerships, referred to as D-BOOM partnerships, are progressing well. Jewel Energy, our wind D-BOOM partner, is advancing that 01's 60 megawatt behind-the-meter wind project development, and working with potential utility partners to ensure a structure that works for all participants. We are well into the engineering and commercial processes with multiple wastewater anaerobic digestion DBoom partners and expect to finalize those arrangements with a winning party early 2022. We've been very active with advanced work around the net zero one non-recourse debt financing. We have multiple tracks underway, including tax-exempt private activity bonds, or PABs, a potential Department of Energy loan guarantee route, and some interest with long-term private placement debt providers. We're pursuing multiple paths out of an abundance of caution and to see which will present the best debt structure and terms. The base case so far has been a PABs offering by a Citi group. The majority of our net zero project costs are eligible to be funded with PAVs, and those markets are very attractive for this type of credit. We expect to have the project finance elements in place in time for a mid-2022 debt offering, regardless of the route taken. The strength of Net Zero One's project participants, from offtakers to Kiewit to Citigroup and a range of other important supporting elements, will all play well as we head towards breaking ground in financing construction next year. We are also working to get follow-on Net-01 plants sold out with off-take agreements, developed, financed, and built. To build out a fleet of plants, we'll be raising money at the project level, as contemplated in the Chevron MOU, and if the right circumstances arise, at the GEVO Inc. level. For example, adding a strategic party or two in the mix is a possibility and would enhance our ability to execute on projects. In any case, we will eventually want to raise money at the Jibo Inc. level so that we have capital to contribute as equity and can benefit from commensurate levels of project cash flows. Our view on capital investments is that the opportunities are immense and that they should be accretive. We are also interested in partnering with companies that own ethanol assets and in acquiring ethanol assets with the intent to decarbonize existing ethanol production to provide low-carbon feedstock to new SAF production capacity with correspondingly low carbon index scores on the final product. We would welcome hearing from ethanol plant owners who may be interested in GEVO's approach to SAF. We have identified and are pursuing several sites for follow-on greenfield net zero projects that are as attractive as net zero one's Lake Preston site. We will need these options on locations as we grow production capacity. Decarbonization of production is always a focus when looking at sites. For example, ADM's Decatur, Illinois site presents a superb opportunity around that need due to its carbon sequestration capacity. We are also operating our Laverne plant to make isobutanol and working on optimizations of systems and processes. These learnings should serve us well as we operate the Net Zero plants. We're using the Laverne isobutanol to make small quantities of hydrocarbons down at the Silsby, Texas plant. And next year, we expect to use Laverne's isobutanol production as feedstock for a modular hydrocarbon plant that is currently being fabricated by Praj and is scheduled to be installed at La Verne in 2022. We are currently a pre-revenue company. Recall that while we are producing isobutanol at La Verne to accumulate feedstocks for hydrocarbon production, we suspended the plant's ethanol production in Q1 2020 to focus on our net zero program. Late next year, we would expect to see some revenues from our RNG project and some revenues from sales of small quantities of hydrocarbon products. In late 2024, we expect to see substantial revenue upon Net Zero One's projected startup. As our one billion gallon initiative begins to take shape, we would expect to put out some guidance, but that is premature today. Given our pre-revenue status, the key third quarter financial metrics are as follows. End of Q3 cash and cash equivalents was $522.4 million. Long-term debt outstanding was $66.8 million. Corporate burn was $6.1 million. Capital investments associated with Net Zero One and other capital projects was $16.8 million. And we had other investing activity of $9 million associated with the Butamax patent acquisition. As Jeff noted, full financials are available in our earnings release and our Form 10Q available on our website. Now I'll turn it over to Paul Bloom to talk about where we're at on the Verity tracking. Paul?
Pat
Thanks, Len. First, I'd like to note that we have executed a joint venture agreement for Verity tracking with Block Size Capital. Verity tracking is based upon distributed ledger technology, commonly called blockchain, and is focused on the tracking of sustainability attributes, such as the greenhouse gas footprint across the whole of the supply chain, including carbon capture, feedstocks, sources of energy used in production, and other key inputs to determine the lifecycle footprint of products like ours. We intend to provide verifiable, immutable sustainability data from the source of the raw material to the tailpipe and exhaust of jet engines. I am the responsible executive at Jibo for this joint venture. In the future, we intend on spinning Verity Tracking out of Jibo. We still have some more work to do to get it organized, such as putting the key leadership team in place. We envision that Verity can be a benefit to any company that needs to prove their sustainability footprint. When we started Verity, we were focused on using it for Jibo's sustainability systems and products. We quickly discovered that this technology and method of tracking sustainability improvements using a blockchain solution filled a gap for other industries as well. We intend to open Verity up to work with any company that wants verifiable proof of their carbon intensity reduction and is willing to commit to transparency. As the anticipated demand grows for high-quality carbon offsets for compliance and voluntary markets, Verity Tracking is anticipated to provide the carbon accounting needed for both segments while avoiding double counting. We also intend to simplify auditing while providing users with the best-in-class data security. We look forward to continuing to develop the joint venture with Block Size Capital and developing solutions for other potential customers. Thank you. Now I will turn it back over to Pat to wrap things up.
Patrick Gruber
All right, thanks, Paul. Thanks, Lynn. And let us open up the call for questions. Operator?
Operator
As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star 1 on your telephone. To withdraw your question, press the pound key. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes in the light of Nate Pendleton from Stiefel. Your line is now open.
spk05
Good afternoon, all, and thanks for taking my questions. Sure. The first question is, with the understanding that you and ADM are only a couple of weeks removed from your ethanol-to-jet announcement, could you share comments on how your dialogue is progressing, and what's a reasonable timeline for the disclosure of commercialization plans to achieve first production in the 2025-2026 timeframe?
Patrick Gruber
Well, the steps that have to happen are that we've got to figure out the game plan of how we're going to fully decarbonize, and then we're doing some engineering work on the ethanol to jet stuff. Once we have that pinned down, then we'll know what the timeline should be. So we're a ways away from that yet. It's not like it's in the month. And as far as we go with ADM, the idea is you heard – that their CEO talked about it as well in their earnings call, is that using 900 million gallons of ethanol as raw material, that's a good starting point to generate a heck of a lot of SAF. We've got a lot of work to do, put in the game plan to do this. We've got to bring in other partners because it's a lot of work to decarbonize things, and then we have to finance the whole thing. There's a whole lot of interested parties who are hanging around here working on it with us. So, It's one of these things you just have to stay tuned to.
spk05
Excellent. Thank you. And then for a quick follow-up, regarding net zero one, I want to follow up on the CCS commentary that you gave. While not part of the initial for net zero one, could you comment on the opportunity you have to integrate CCS and the price and EBITDA uplift potential?
Patrick Gruber
Well, I'll comment first, then, Lynn. You can pick it up and talk about it, what it might mean economically or something. All right? So the answer is, yeah, our plant that net zero one is like any other plant. It's a fermentation plant that generates some CO2. That CO2 is actually pretty valuable in that it could be captured and sequestered. When you do that, that has an impact of about 35 CI points. So if we're starting at a minus five, it's another minus 35. Even in California, where they just penalize corn, our minus five in California is a 40, and that's what our contracts are based upon. Then you would get presumably credit for carbon sequestration, so you'd get some improvement there. And if you got the full credit, you'd be down to a CI score of five in California. And, you know, Lynn, do you have any comments on what you think that value might be, the upside?
Jeff
It's 35 CI points. It's something like two cents a CI point per gallon. So, you know, it's substantial in terms of EBITDA uplift. The cost associated with engaging a counterparty under CCS is not nearly as great as the benefits that we're seeing out of the CIA reduction. I would say, though, that for net zero one, we don't see carbon capture sequestration as being a key component of the debt financing, but rather a potential equity upside investment in the – engagement in a contract in the future.
Patrick Gruber
And, of course, that's because we think the debt will have to get financed before the CCIS pipelines exist.
spk05
Great. Thanks for taking my questions.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Sean Severson from WTR. Your line is now open.
Argonne GREET
Great. Thanks, and good evening, Pat. Question on the mix of iso-octane these days and renewable gasoline. Obviously, a lot of talk about SAF and certainly through the ADM deal and stuff. But what do you see in these days when you look at the potential contracts, off-take agreements in iso-octane versus SAF?
Patrick Gruber
Well, interestingly enough, it's still split ballpark, 50-50, maybe 40% iso-octane, 60% jet. But in recent years, Since that White House meeting a couple months ago, there definitely has been an uptick on people focused on SAF. The airlines still have an issue in that they don't make a lot of money. They're loathe to project long-term purchasing and things like that. And so I think it'll be interesting to see who all steps into the fray and are the off-takers before the airlines. And so... it's a bit changing. But with iso-octane, iso-octane is gasoline, even after everyone decarbonizes things. And if you took the most optimistic view of EVs and wildly successful EVs, the gasoline pool is still the biggest marketplace. And I think you'd be hard-pressed to find anybody who thinks it isn't that way. Even the most optimistic scenarios say that gasoline will be bigger than jet fuel or diesel fuel out at 2050. So we should decarbonize those too. California provides a pretty good model for it, though, in that they know how to count carbon there. And they've done a good job, and they have a good model that works. And our business group with partners calculate that we need something like, you know, 26 iso-octane plants aimed at California just to meet their demand currently. So there's a – and that's because they import foreign – iso-octane or alkali from other places. And, of course, that's fossil-based. So there's a good opportunity here, and it's going to be an important part of the mix. The other thing about iso-octane that's interesting is that when all these guys are doing the renewable diesel or if you're making some lower-value naphtha products, naphtha is something that can be burned in gasoline, you mix it with other iso-octane, you just get more gallons of gasoline then because our octane is such a high-value product because it's pure iso-octane. So we have the opportunity to take in more gallons from other people and make a better blend and get paid for it.
Argonne GREET
Just a follow-up question. What's the difference between Verity Tracking and the GREET model? Compare and contrast. I mean, I know they're both carbon counting, but could you highlight some of the differences for me so I understand the two?
Patrick Gruber
Sure. Paul, you want to take this question, just explain what GREET is, and then the business concept of Verity.
Pat
Sure thing, and thanks for the question. So, you know, when you think about GREET, GREET's a lifecycle inventory program that Argonne National Lab runs, and basically it can calculate the carbon intensity score of different products when you have the right inputs. The difference here between Verity Tracking, Verity Tracking uses GREET as part of our calculation system to make sure that we get the carbon intensity calculations right. But what Verity Tracking also does is then tracks things from the sources. So think about what a farmer or grower does, what then you do with that corn at the processor level, and then how the final product user implements or uses that product. So really what Verity Tracking does is use GREET but then uses a blockchain or distributed ledger technology to connect all the dots through the value chain, through the whole of the business process system to calculate the difference in the carbon intensity from the incumbent product that you're comparing it to.
Patrick Gruber
Great. Thanks, guys. Yeah. So the thing is, Sean, is that I think Argonne GREET is a scientific tool that measures stuff. Verity tracking is actually going to have, like, field auditors. We have to audit stuff in the field, measure stuff in a field, account for it, take pictures, whatever the heck it turns out to be. And then it's accounting for exactly the energy package that's used in the production, tracking it all the way back out to the marketplace. And so think of Verity tracking as the sustainability certificate that comes with the product, except for it's going to be a separate business because it's going to need to be audited. and have third parties looking at it and saying, yep, that is in fact the case. And, of course, it's not lost on any of us that Verity tracking done right leads to tokenization of those attributes. And that's interesting as well because that could be another means of commercializing that value.
Argonne GREET
And you mean that they would trade in some capacity? It could be exchanged like RINs are? What do you mean by that?
Patrick Gruber
Well, you tokenize that. Everyone knows what a token is, right? Everybody who does blockchain understands tokens. If you have a certifiable attribute that's immutable, can't be changed, documented, and all the rest, you can tokenize it. We've already worked on the prototypes for that. And so you could do that, and then they could be traded in some way, except for what's going to be different about these is it's going to be some hocus-pocus hand-waving. It's going to have all the dang data attached to it, so you can say here's exactly where it came from, how it came to be, the whole bit, like you would expect out of a blockchain system.
Argonne GREET
Great. Thanks for the explanation. Thanks, Pat.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Amit Dayal from HC Wainwright. Your line is now open.
Tim
Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for taking my question. Hi, Pat. So, Pat, what gets your partners and potential customers like Chevron from MOU to definitive agreements? Is there some sort of a trigger or some catalyst that moves that needle for you guys?
Patrick Gruber
No, it's just plugging along. You know, it's getting Tim in the same room with people, me in the same room, and, you know, working it all through and figuring it out. That's all. So that's progressing. And it's the same thing true in all of these deals. And then around the ethanol plants, this deal with ADM is great. But we intend on working with more than just ADM. So it'll be interesting to see who else comes into the mix, because that's a very fast way of growing, and it's complementary to our isobutanol. So it's interesting. And... It'll be sporting to see how we change. I'm serious about this billion gallons per year of hydrocarbons by 2030. And so that's our focus. And, yep, the net zero project and what it proves that can be done is eye-opening for everybody because it shows how things can be decarbonized if you do the right mix of renewable energy, the electricity, and the gas. It shows people how it can be done. It creates a roadmap for everybody else. And so we're going to use that. And I'm glad that we were able to partner with Axons, and I'm glad that we have pieces that are falling into place.
Tim
Understood. And congratulations on getting the Butamax IP. I was wondering if you have any plans for that IP in the near term, or are you just going to maybe sit on it and see how things play out for you guys?
Patrick Gruber
Well, I'll tell you how we're going to use it is that that portfolio is really large, and so there's lots of active patents, and so we can extend those patents further, add to them, adjust them, and it extends the life of the patents. And there's also, you know, useful technologies that are incorporated there. I'll tell you, what it does is we're going to be successful, I believe, in being a big, large company with big revenues, and these patents have long lifetimes, 20 years. So it's really important to make sure that we aren't creating somebody who comes back something that, I wanted to get them in our tent because I could imagine 10 years from now something goes wrong, someone else might acquire them, and they might have some other hassle someday in the future when we're worth big bucks. And so cleaning it up is a good thing, and it gives us more opportunities to create even more intellectual property.
Tim
Understood. And then with respect to sort of, you know, your plant build-out, your equipment needs, et cetera, you know, the current supply chain environment and all of the backlogs, that these types of deployments are facing right now. Are you already kind of dealing with those types of issues, or are they a little bit remote for you at this stage?
Patrick Gruber
They're – Kiewit is superb at this. This is one of their strengths, and so they're already taking that into account. And so, you know, so far I don't anticipate any big issues. Whether our plant starts up mid-year, third quarter, late in third quarter, or maybe it's even earlier, those are all things that will be determined on other project impacts and effects, but I don't expect its equipment at this point. When I ask that same question to all the engineers, they're like, oh, we're already taking those kind of things into account. Okay, we'll see.
Jeff
We'll see. Okay. Pat, I would add that for the non-recourse debt purposes, we have to have dates certain with liquidated damages. So, Keywood will take into account the procurement constraints in guaranteeing their schedule.
Patrick Gruber
And so, they're going to want to be absolutely certain of that date before they promise to guarantee it with that price and damages. Understood.
Tim
Understood, Pat. This last one from me, with respect to this Verity tracking effort, how much investment is going into this? Like, how big is the team, et cetera? Any color on that would be helpful.
Patrick Gruber
It's a relatively small investment. So it's one of these things where I wish we, you know, this, I wish I shouldn't say this even out loud, but I wish we would have thought of this years ago and done it. We could have really cool, super-duper investments. you know, valuable. We were going to have a set value business from it, but it's a, one of these things where it's a small investment, a lot of leverage, it's a software oriented thing. So it isn't like a heavy capital asset investment. So it's in the few millions of dollars kind of a thing as we develop this.
Argonne GREET
Okay.
Tim
I mean, it looks like there are a lot of opportunities for you guys, you know, even with the RNG effort and a lot of the things you are sort of building for yourselves, these are potential opportunities. services that you could provide other folks with as well. So is that something, is that how you are thinking of maybe leveraging all these efforts into additional revenue opportunities?
Patrick Gruber
It is, and you see it also in how we're putting together our partnerships, like with Juul Energy. They do a great job, and they're hungry, they want to grow, and they're really good at working in the Midwest, and they're creative, they've got good financial partners, they've got good technical partners, good technology partners. And the same thing is true with our wastewater treatment industry. The folks who work there, they get this as to why this is important. This point I keep making about if we want to decarbonize the world, focus on electricity. Let's focus on getting rid of our 60% plus of fossil-based electricity and turn it into renewable, and let's do something about the gas. This latter one, the gas, is the reason we're doing renewable natural gas. We originally started doing it because we're going to just supply it up to our Laverne plant. But we can make more money selling it to California, so we're going to do that for a while. But you know what? It's available to us to use at any time, and it has a massively negative CI score. We think biogas is going to be incredibly important in the future because that is the only practical way to get rid of fossil-based methane. And so we think we're quite bullish on those opportunities. The way we think about it, though, is we can take that green value and transform it into liquids. That's a different paradigm, and that's how we think about it. So whenever we're looking at a site, whether it's an ethanol plant site, acquiring an ethanol plant, working with an ethanol partner, anaerobic digestion is going to be part of it. It might not be manure digestion, but shoot, if we just took the residual carbohydrate waste and fermented those with anaerobic digestion, we get a zero-carbon footprint for the biogas that's produced. That's valuable.
Tim
Right. Understood. That's all I have for you. Thank you so much. You bet.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Paul Fracht from Noble Capital. Your line is now open. Hey, Paul.
Paul Fracht
Thanks, Gigi. Hey, Pat, how are you?
Patrick Gruber
Doing great, thanks.
Paul Fracht
Other than a very busy man. You did a great job of laying out a lot of progress that you've made. I'd like to focus on Lynn's comments just about, you know, being pre-revenue, you look at quarterly cash burn and maybe even on an annual basis. Lynn, can you just highlight what will be, you know, present in the fourth quarter financials as far as capital? The Buda Max is not going to be there. And then highlight the corporate burn rate, too, if you wouldn't mind.
Jeff
Yeah, I think our corporate burn rate is around $6 million a quarter. So, you know, we're looking at $24 million for the corporate. That excludes the cost of goods sold at Laverne. In terms of capital investments in the next quarter, it'll be similar. The larger investments associated with getting going with site mobilization, site acquisition, everything will be into 2022 for net zero one.
Paul Fracht
Would you be able to quantify that as far as what you might expect over the first half of 22?
Jeff
Not at this point. I wouldn't want to throw those numbers around loosely.
Patrick Gruber
But they're going to be like long – we've talked in the past about long lead equipment items, and there will be some site work, stuff like that. But it's not the big drop of money. That's sometime later once we have date certain of delivery of the plant and the guarantees in place and the financing in place. So we've got to unfold that still. But it's looking good. And by the way, the reason that I had Lynn make sure that he mentions we're a pre-revenue company is because I keep getting questions from investors where they go, well, you don't have any material revenues. Well, no kidding. We keep telling people we shut down ethanol. And so ethanol wasn't our main business. And we are about focusing our efforts on building out future capacity and technologies. So that's why.
Paul Fracht
And then any change to the either capacity or cost for net zero one at this point?
Patrick Gruber
Not yet. You know, and I keep asking that question too, Paul, because I look at all the world with COVID and supply chains and the same thing Amit asked. And I got no data that says anything's different yet. And we keep making progress. So this is a good thing. If there was something that was a disaster, I'd have heard about it already.
Paul Fracht
Yeah, I was looking at it from the other side, Pat, that I thought that you would introduce the concept that maybe 45 to 50 million gallons per year might be a little too small for, you know, potentially gaining some, you know, efficiencies. And I was just looking at, you know, whether you actually upsize the net zero one yet or, you know, sort of where that stands.
Patrick Gruber
Okay, let me comment on that. So what Poe's referring to is that, you know, we've always been talking about Net Zero wanted 45 million gallons of hydrocarbons, 340 million pounds of high-protein animal feed products, and 30 million pounds of oil. And that's good. You know what? If that thing gets engineered, that site at Net Zero could handle two of those plants. And the other sites that we're choosing all could handle two of those plants. And so you do a lot of – there's the capital cost, yes. But when you're carbon copying, you save a heck of a lot of money. And when you're building things on skids or building them, you know, skid production facilities, which is possible to do, and you're sticking to kind of carbon copies, that can be very interesting. None of this is lost on us. And, of course, when you maximize capacity at a site, you do spread out your fixed costs because it's still the same team who can run both, you know, that 90 million gallons versus 45. None of that is lost on us. And then you start thinking, hmm, that's interesting. And what if we have an ethanol plant plus an isobutanol plant on site? And once you have dehydrated ethanol to ethylene and made butenes out of it, guess what? It's the same process to take a butene from isobutanol and a butene mixture from ethylene. And so it, too, is the same plant. And so none of this is lost on us. We just haven't gone into detail yet about how this will unfold yet. In the early days here, you're right, Poe, that we've sold out 54 million gallons under contract so far. We'll get much more sold out, I think, here shortly and be able to talk about it. You can see that the interest from Chevron, there's a bunch of people who are interested. The chunks and bites are getting bigger. And so because we're still requiring someone to backstop them on a financial basis, that makes it not for the faint of heart on the customer side, but... It is interesting, and I think we are going to wind up bigger. I just don't know when we're going to be able to pull that trigger, and we do need diversity of site as well. So we've just got to go through the work and figure out which choices make the most sense, given the full set of circumstances of customers, partners, sites, economics, the whole bit.
Paul Fracht
Right. So, Pat, if I heard it correctly, then you're still looking at the similar size, but maybe call it co-location so that you get some of the, whether it's input synergies or the, you know, the wind, the biogas, and the, you know, wastewater. Right. You're able to tap into sort of the, if you will, the plumbing a little more efficiently, so that reduces your incremental costs.
Patrick Gruber
I think that's a fair assumption, and the reason I say it that way is if I want to hold timelines and get big faster, then I should stick with the current size. We've already spent a year engineering. If I change it, guess what happens? I've got another freaking long period of time to engineer stuff again. So the idea is do what you said, is leverage it. Now, we could also take the approach – the hydrocarbon plants, mind you, are a little bit different. They're easier to scale because we have a bunch of work that's been done by accents already that we can leverage – And so, that's a little bit different. And, of course, then ethanol comes into the mix. And so, when we look at ethanol, there's a lot of ethanol plants that we can see make a lot of sense. Our phone has been ringing, and we do expect to have additional partners. Don't have a timeline yet. The key is about decarbonization. And so... how can we leverage all these things and make them all work synergistically and get them deployed quickly? Because I think there is a benefit in getting lots of decarbonized hydrocarbons out into the marketplace sooner rather than later. And that's the game afoot in what we're working on. Lynn mentioned that we'll be putting out guidance eventually here. And I don't know when it is, but it's not very far away, meaning – You know, it's within, I don't know, I hate even to say, relatively soon we put out guidance for the billion-gallon plan, who, what, where, how, and all the rest.
Paul Fracht
Okay, great. And then just if I may, so you alluded to the fact that, you know, the next slug of contracts could, you know, that would sell out net zero to, you know, might be forthcoming contracts. If that happens by the end of the year, Pat, does that mean that you'll have, you know, net zero one and two under construction at the same time and sort of very, very parallel tracks or will they be sequenced a little bit?
Patrick Gruber
They're going to be sequenced just a bit because I think we've got sites, well, already have done site development work and continue to develop even more sites. We like some of these places. And so that part's already ongoing. The engineering work, of course, if we're doing a net zero copy, it is literally taking that plant and dropping it down somewhere else, and so it can go pretty darn fast. I think that practical timeline, and Lynn, we've been talking about what, seven-month delay for net zero two would be the earliest?
Pat
Something like that?
Patrick Gruber
Yeah, six-month delay. Yeah, six-month delay. And just as a matter of we've got to get the permits in place, get the site work done, get all the little details done. But, yeah, it would be something like that. Remember, we sold out 54 million gallons, and so if we get a big bite here, we're going to be well into net zero three at that point. And then we might have even bigger bites. And if we have bigger bites, then we better hurry up and get on with these ADM plants, you know, focused on Decatur first.
Paul Fracht
And then Lynn talked about, you know, funding for the first time at the GEVO Inc. level. you refresh the ATM when you made the Chevron announcement, but you need shareholder approval to expand the share authorization. Can you give me an idea of when you expect to do the shareholder vote? And then two, you know, the timing potential funding, you know, actually raising additional money beyond what cash you have now.
Patrick Gruber
Well, I think, you know, we actually have, you know, we're sitting here with $520 million of cash equivalents. We're in pretty good shape. So it isn't like we have this burning, oh, my God, I got to do something. So we don't, that isn't the situation. And we did refresh the ATM because it was time to do it and it made sense to do it and all the rest. And we haven't used it yet. So that's all sitting there. We have a lot of interest. The world has changed for us. So it's hard for us to describe. There's no way for me to explain it to everybody. It's not possible. But the world changed for us. And it's about who's going to play with us, how are we going to play, how are we going to grow, and everyone wants to go big sooner. How are we going to put this together and make it happen? This is the question in front of us. I get that we can just go do our net zero one plant and do another one, net zero two, net zero three, and have a nice business and be very profitable businesses. I mean, shoot, these net zero plants are looking at a cash flow of streams of $150 million a a year or something. They're good projects. I want to grow faster. I think now with this combination of isobutanol and ethanol to hydrocarbons technologies, the two of them together, we can grow a heck of a lot faster. That's what we should be focused on. It makes it for a more efficient deployment of capital. We expect to bring in other partners. We expect to bring in people investing at the project level. That's what the Chevron deal was about. We expect to see people interested at the GEVO level. We expect that, you know, we will have to raise money in the future. But, you know, we'll see. We're going to do it judiciously. We've talked in the past about this, you know, and it's like I'm not a real big fan of doing dilutive fundraisings. We're beyond that stage, I think. It's about creative stuff. It's about saying, here's these projects. We're going to go raise money. And here's the cash flow streams that are expected to result. It's that kind of a game that has to get played.
Paul Fracht
Great. Thank you, Lynn. Thank you, Pat. Very helpful.
Operator
Thank you. At this time, I am showing no further questions. I would like to turn the call back over to Pat Gruber for closing remarks.
Patrick Gruber
Well, thanks, everybody, for joining us. It's an exciting time for us. This billion-gallon plan is the right kind of idea. I want to see us do even more than that. The fact that we're able to work with actions, get that deal done with them, get the deal done, make progress in the net zero concept where we're decarbonizing the production systems and being able to prove it, that is all of it a big deal, and it applies across the board. It's what is attracting people to us. and that along with the way to count carbon and track corn and all the rest or any other feedstock with Verity Tracking. So we're on a good track. I like where we are. We're making great progress. And thank you all for your support. And thanks for joining us today.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.
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