Ferroglobe PLC

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Ferraglobe's fourth quarter and full year 2023 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question and answer session, and instructions will be given at that time. As a reminder, this conference call may be recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Alex Rotanen, Ferraglobe's Vice President of Investor Relations. You may begin.

Thank you, Heidi. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining Ferroglobe's fourth quarter and full year 2023 conference call. Joining me today are Marco Levy, our Chief Executive Officer, and Beatriz Garcia-Coss, our Chief Financial Officer. Before we get started with our prepared remarks, I'm going to read a brief statement. Please turn to slide two at this time. Statements made by management during this conference call that are forward-looking are based on current expectations. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements can be found in Ferroglobe's most recent SEC filings and exhibits to those filings, which are available on our webpage at ferroglobe.com. In addition, this discussion includes reference to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted gross debt, net debt, and adjusted diluted earnings per share, among other non-IFRS measures. Reconciliation of non-IFRS measures may be found in our most recent SEC filings. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Marco Levy, our Chief Executive Officer.

Thank you, Alex, and good morning, good day, and good evening to everyone. Thanks for joining us on the call today. We appreciate your interest in Ferroglobe. We are very pleased with our strong execution in 2023, where we improved our operations, strengthened our balance sheet, and posted solid financial results of $315 million of adjusted EBITDA. While our end markets were extremely challenging in 2023, we focused on things that were within our control to position the company for the long-term success. I'll discuss a couple of the highlights of our execution and strategy. Then Beatriz will discuss the great strides we have made in improving our balance sheet a little later. Overall, operations performed at a high level in 2023. Our European plans set a new historical record for opening efficiency as measured by kilowatt hours per ton, improving by more than 3%. In the third quarter, we completed a strategic acquisition of a high-quality quartz mine located in South Carolina. which will ensure access to quartz needed to produce high-quality silicon metal in our US-based silicon metal production plants. Aligned with our strategy to grow our advanced silicon metal business, we signed a term sheet for a global joint venture with a leading battery material company in Europe to develop advanced EV battery materials using silicon in the anode. We also signed an MOU with a US-based advanced battery solutions company to pursue the next generation of silicon-rich battery technology. As part of this venture, we are currently testing a promising nano-layer coating technology, which not only increases the performance and range of DV battery, but also lowers the cost of battery manufacturing. The silicon-based EV battery market is expected to grow to 150,000 tons globally by 2030. We provide additional updates in the near term. In 2023, we also took action to protect our market. Working with US legislators, we have to introduce a bipartisan bill in Congress that assesses a 35% tariff on ferro-silicon imports from Russia and Belarus. If passed, this legislation is expected to have a positive impact on pricing as Russia is the larger importer of ferro-silicon to the US. We signed our first PPA in Spain during the year and have since added additional PPAs, which now comprise roughly 20% of our needs for 2024 and beyond, to enhance our ability to increase production in Spain, which has suffered from uncompetitive energy prices over the past couple of years, increasing resilience and flexibility of our global footprint. In response to the spike in energy prices in 2022, we executed a multi-year energy agreement with a French energy company that enabled us to generate an incremental $186 million in EBITDA in 2023. This rebate was in exchange for optimizing our production in France to minimize our power consumption during the winter months. While the market in 2023 was very challenging, we are seeing subtle signs that provide us optimism for 2024. There is still a lot of uncertainty in the market, but we are seeing some improvements in pricing. U.S. silicon metal prices appear to have bottomed in December and have actually increased in late January. U.S. silicon metal price index increased from its recent low in early December of $140 per pound to $149 in early February, or up approximately 6%. European price movements were even more pronounced, increasing from the low $2,049 per ton in late September to approximately $2,360 per ton in November, to 2,909 in early February, an increase of 23% in three months. We believe that the European prices increased in part due to supply constraints as a result of a fire at a major silicon plant in Norway and shipping disruptions in the Red Sea. Looking at market pricing and associated production costs during those trough periods, It appears that the industry was operating at breakeven at best, which is unsustainable. We believe marginal producers were operating at a loss, leading them to reduce capacity, thus improving the supply-demand dynamics, ultimately driving higher prices. There are signs of a cycle trough. As it relates to solar, we continue to position the company to take advantage of ensuring trends that are becoming a bigger focus of governments in the US and Europe. Ferroglobe, as leading worldwide producer of silicon metal, is set up to be a significant beneficiary of these trends. As an example of our market leadership, we recently signed a long-term supply agreement with Longey, the world leader in the solar value chain, to supply them with traceable silicon metal that can be sold in the U.S. to its growing solar market within the confines of the Uyghur Forest Labor Prevention Act that affects Chinese assets to the U.S. The main region of silicon metal and polysilicon production in China is Xinjiang, where many Uyghur people reside. According to CRU estimates, The Xinjiang area accounts for approximately 40% of Chinese silicon metal production. Our significant advantage is that we can provide tracer bubble, non-Xinjiang silicon metal, to China and Asia, which can then be imported in TDUS as a verified product under the UFLPA. While we are cautious about 2024, we are very bullish about 2025 and beyond due to secular trends in the solar and EV battery markets where we believe we have significant long-term growth opportunities. To give you a sense of the scale of these growth markets, according to CRU, the worldwide demand for silicon matter for the solar and electronic segment is forecast to grow by approximately 70% to 3 million tons between 2023 and 2028. Within our primary markets, the US and Europe, the demand for silicon metal is expected to grow by roughly 40% to 947,000 tons during the same period, representing a huge upside for us as the larger Western producer of silicon metal. We are introducing 2024 guidance recognizing the exceptionally uncertain and volatile times in our end markets, elevated geopolitical risks, wide-ranging elections around the globe, and elevated interest rates, among other factors. Given the unpredictable environment, we are initiating our 2024 guidance with a range of $100 million to $170 million of EBITDA. The decline in our 2024 guidance relative to 2023 results is primarily driven by our French energy agreement, which we expect to decrease materially in 2024. The 2024 guidance is also impacted by substantial price declines over the past several quarters. Indexes for most of our products declined by a 30 to a half from December 2022 to December 2023, with demand continuing to be soft in the early part of 2024. It is important to note how sensitive our results are to price fluctuations. For example, A 5% change in annual price for silicon metal has a $35 million impact on expected EBITDA, all else being equal. We expect the weak pricing to be partially offset by strong volume growth, particularly in Asia. To counteract the weak demand and lackluster pricing, we remain vigilant in managing costs and looking for incremental productivity gains across all areas of the company. As discussed previously, we are introducing our capital return program with an initial quarterly dividend of 1.3 cents per share and plan to request our board of directors and shareholders, as required, to approve a share-by-back program to be executed at the discretion of the management team. The capital return program is part of our overall capital allocation strategy. Our priority is ensuring that our plans are well capitalized to run optimally as we seek to maximize our return on invested capital. Beatriz will provide more details on that. Next slide, please. Silicon metal revenue in Q4 was $168 million, a decrease of 16% from the third quarter. Adjusted EBITDA was $22 million, a decline of 73% over the previous quarter. Our average realized price for silicon metal decreased by 3% in Europe and 6% in the Americas compared to the previous quarter. Index prices increased 26% in Europe and decreased 8% in U.S. during the fourth quarter. There is typically a lag with realized prices trailing indexes by approximately three months for the portion of our contract that is pegged to an index. Silicon metal prices have shown strength since year end, with prices increasing 13% in Europe and 6% in the Americas. As for silicon metal outlook, it appears that the market is showing incremental improvement, with U.S. prices bottoming in December and increasing since mid-January. European prices, after a strong increase in the fourth quarter, continued their strength in 2024, an up 38% increase from their bottom at the end of Q3. The improvement in prices benefited from supply disruptions, production curtailments by some of our competitors, and restocking. While we remain cautious about the demand environment, these improvements provide some optimism for 2024. Next slide, please. Adjusted EBITDA for Q4 for silicon-based alloys was $35 million, up 38% over the per-year quarter. Relative to the third quarter, overall average realized pricing was down 7%, with prices in Europe declining 10% and America declining 2%. The silicon alloy segment was adversely affected by weak demand, primarily in construction and automotive. While the environment continues to be challenging, we expect improvement in the second half of this year. Regarding the outlook for silicon-based alloys, prices have strengthened since year end, with index prices increasing 7% in Europe and the Americas. While demand remains laggish, we are encouraged by the recent price improvements, but there remains a lot of uncertainty in the market. Moving to slide seven, please. Turning now to manganese-based alloys. Manganese-based alloys revenues was $60 million in Q4, up 3% over the previous quarter. In Europe, index price appeared to have bottomed in late September and have increased approximately 13% since year end, adding to the 6% gain in the fourth quarter. The end market primarily still remain under pressure. We expect an incremental improvement throughout 2024. I would now like to turn the call over to Beatriz Garcia-Cos, our chief financial officer, to review the financial results in more detail. Beatriz.

Thank you, Marco. Please turn to slide nine. for a review of the income statement. Sales declined 10% in the fourth quarter to $376 million from $417 million in the prior quarter, with annual sales declining 36% to $1.7 billion, mainly due to lower pricing and, secondarily, lowered volumes. Raw materials and energy consumption increased as a percentage of sales from 47% to 53% in Q4, and from 49% to 53% for the year. Despite declining prices, we post solid EBITDA in the fourth quarter of $60 million for the year. For the year, our EBITDA was $650 million, compared with our guidance rate of $270 to $300 million. Excluding the impact of the French energy contract, goods have resolved in 2023 EBITDA of approximately $129 million versus our 2024 guidance of $100 to $170 million. In the fourth quarter, We recognize impairment of $24 million, which was primarily related to our operations in the U.S. Net finance expenses for the year declined 50% to $29 million due to the partial redemption of the senior secure notes in July, through up of accrued interest and extension of government loan maturity. Next slide, please. Our adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter was $60 million versus $104 million in the third quarter. Adjusted EBITDA margin declined from 25% in the prior quarter to 16% in the fourth quarter. Reduced shipments and lower realized prices contribute roughly equally to lower EBITDA. Prices in the fourth quarter were weak across the board. with the overall average realized price declining 9%. Weekend markets with pricing pressure across our three segments result in a negative impact of $22 million on our adjusted EBITDA. While volume had a negative impact of approximately $19 million on the Q4 EBITDA, cost had a negligible impact on EBITDA. Slide 11, please. Adjusted EBITDA for the full year was $315 million versus $860 million in 2022. EBITDA margin for 2023 was 19%, down from 33% in 2022. Average selling prices, which declined 29% on average from historical high in 2022, had the biggest impact on our 2023 adjusted EBDR, reducing it by approximately $722 million. Costs positively impacted EBDR for the year by $244 million, driven by French energy agreement and CO2 compensation in France, with the energy agreement helping by $186 million. Next slide, please. We end fourth quarter with a cash balance of $138 million, down from $166 million in the third quarter. Debt increased $30 million to $101 million, while our gross debt remained flat with the prior quarter. Post-redemption of the Senior Secure Notes Our pro forma gross debt is approximately $91 million. Next slide, please. During the fourth quarter, cash provided by operations was $25 million. CapEx outflows in the fourth quarter was $24 million versus $19 million in the prior quarter and $84 million for the year. We anticipate our 2024 CAPEX to be similar to 2023 level. As of January 31st, our cash balance was nearly $300 million, including the full receipt of approximately $210 million from the Energy French compensation, of which $56 million was received in December 2023 with the remaining $154 million received in January 2024. This cash balance excludes the redemption of our remaining senior secured notes of $152 million, including the cold premium and accrued interest. These notes were redeemed on February 16th. This is a significant achievement and a dramatic improvement from 2018. where we had net debt of $430 million. Our solid cash position, combined with our ability to generate strong cash flows, enable us to declare a dividend. We plan to ask our board and shareholders to approve a share report change program, which requires a shareholder vote, as we are a NASDAQ listed company domiciled in the UK. Next slide, please. At this time, I will turn the call back over to Marco.

Thank you, Beatriz. Moving to the corporate update on slide 15. We made great strides in 2023 and, as promised, have initiated a new capital allocation policy that will return capital to our shareholders. We initiated a quarterly dividend of 1.3 cents and are currently working to implement a share repurchase program. Given the current uncertainty in the market, we are starting with a conservative dividend with the intention of increasing it as the environment improves. We ended the year with the strongest balance sheet in the history of the world and achieved a net positive cash position in January. This is a dramatic improvement over the highly levered balance sheet we had just two years ago. The partnerships we discussed earlier are an excellent way for us to take advantage of the tremendous opportunities in the advanced silicon EV battery market, which is expected to grow to 150,000 tons by 2030. This, combined with the secular trends in the solar market that we are now serving globally, is expected to drive long-term growth for FerroGlobe.

Operator, we're ready for questions.

Thank you. As a reminder, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 1 and 1 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 1 and 1 again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. As a reminder, if you do wish to ask a question, please press star 1 and 1 on your telephone. We will take our first question. Your first question comes from the line of fucus pipes from . Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Thank you very much, operator. Good morning, everyone. Marco and team, great to see that unlevered balance sheet and the commencement of a dividend. My first question is on the 2024 guidance for EBITDA 100 to 170 million. Marco, if I heard you right, a 5% change in pricing is about 35 million EBITDA sensitivity. should we kind of think of the guidance as in the current price environment, you're at 135, and then you maybe put like a 5% sensitivity to the upside and to the downside to articulate that range, or are there more dynamics at work? Would appreciate how you think about that. Thank you.

Thank you, Lucas, and thank you for the question. I think it's probably the most important question of First of all, the 5%, 35 million is related to silicon metal. You have different sensitivities for the rest of the product mix, but I think it's a good indicator, the 5%. We have decided on this guidance coming out of fourth quarter. where demand was extremely low and we only started seeing somewhere some price recovery. So when we decided about the guidance was pretty much coming from our bottom-up result of our budget. Since then, prices have shown some substantial improvement. They will materialize with the usual lag, two months for alloys, in particular manganese alloys, and three months for silicon. Sustainability of this price level is a question because on one side, we don't see any structural change in terms of demand. On the other side, like I mentioned in my pitch, a lot of capacities have been curtailed. There are difficulties in the supply chain. And at the end, customers need to restart filling their inventories. So we feel slightly optimistic more optimistic than a couple of months ago. I think the guidance is still valid. I would say that based on the recent price moves, I would be optimistic on the eye side of this guidance. The other comment that I can add on that I mentioned that we drastically improved the performance of our operations by 3% in Europe this year. And we started a new program to make sure that we were going to add additional EBITDA out of new initiatives that we plan to implement as we speak. at operational level, initiatives that are going to be totally under our control.

That's very helpful, Marco. And just to make sure that I got this right, so you have a kind of bottoms-up budget. You did that some time ago. That determines the range of 100 to 170. And since then, the market improved and that's not really, so that's not really reflected yet in that range. Is that right?

Correct.

Okay, that's very helpful. And then you mentioned in the release that you expect to be free cash flow positive. The way I read that comment is It sounded to me like at any point in your range, that statement would be true. But I wondered if you could maybe elaborate on that, if that's the right conclusion, and what sort of cash items we should be mindful of from sustaining capital to working capital, taxes, et cetera. We would appreciate the additional color. Thank you.

Hi, Lucas. Hi. This is Beatriz speaking. So in terms of cash flow for 2024, a couple of elements to mention. The first element is the release of working capital that we're going to be having in 2024. Second element to bear in mind is gross debt is below $100 million, right? So that's the second element. And the element is in Q1, we are already performing net cash positive, $91 million, as you see on the slide. So we expect a very strong year from a net cash flow perspective. I know that maybe from an EBITDA, what Marco has been explaining, But on the other side, from a cash perspective, it's going to be, I think, a very, very significant year. The other element that you need to factor here is the $32 million of interest that we are saving. That's a very significant item for us. And then in terms of capital, CapEx, of course, we plan to continue to take care of the health of our operations in terms of CapEx, and we expect more or less to invest on a like-to-like basis versus 2024. I think at the end we decide as well to go ahead with this capital allocation policy that includes a dividend payment. We confirm 1.3 cents per share. So this is going to be a modest dividend. It will not have an impact and it shows how the company has been performing on the last year, right? So for us, it crystallized on the payment of this modest dividend that we want to increase as we go. And then on the share buyback program, we plan to use or play this share buyback program in an opportunistic basis. But to do that, we need to get the approval of our... shareholders on the AGM in June, right? Because we are a British company listed in NASDAQ.

Thank you. Thank you very much. And Beatrice, I heard it right that that approval would come in at the earliest in June. Right. So the board could make an approval sometime before then but then it still takes the shareholder meeting in June to kind of get the... Of course, of course, yeah. And in terms of... You just mentioned now on the buyback that it would be opportunistic. I appreciate that. In high level, what do you think would be... the allocation towards buybacks versus a dividend. Is that the way you think about it at this time? Some other companies in the industry, they have a certain percentage that would go towards buybacks. I'm curious that's how you think about it or if it's maybe too early to comment on that.

Thank you.

Yeah, I think, Lucas, this is the first year since 2018 that Ferroglobe is paying dividends, right? So our intention is to return capital to the shareholders through the payment of dividends. When it comes to the share buyback, as I mentioned, we feel that our share is completely undervaluated after the repayment of the senior loans, etc., So if the share price continues to be undervalued, we're going to be taking the opportunity for sure to do some share buyback.

We want to maintain a certain flexibility. Overall, we have started the discussion with our board. We hope to conclude the discussion in June. But like I said in my pitch, we want to make sure that we keep on also financing our operations and and keep our assets running at the proper rate.

That's all very helpful. Thank you so much. I'll try to squeeze one quick one in. On the EV battery side, you mentioned a term sheet and another initiative. What is your contribution high level to these ventures. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Lucas. Well, we mentioned these two agreements because they are exactly aligned to our strategy of attacking the opportunity in the growth of silicon metal for batteries in two ways. The joint venture that I mentioned is about silicon modified products that will partially replace graphite in the anode. We are targeting 30%. Today is around 10%, 12% with other products. But this is the market that we are targeting. The second alliance and partnership with an American company is related to our ambition to supply silicon metal for a full silicon-made anode. And these two kind of alliances really confirm the validity of our strategy.

Marco, thank you very much for all the color, and to you and the team, best of luck. Thank you so much. Thank you, Lucas.

Thank you, Lucas. Thank you. Once again, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 1 and 1 on your telephone. We will take our next question, and the question comes from Martin Englert from Seaport Research Partners. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Hello. Good morning, everyone. Good morning, Martin.

Good morning.

Hi, Martin. Good morning, everyone. Just to pivot back to the guidance and follow up on some of Lucas's questions in the context, it seemed like at the time you budgeted for the guide, the market was comparatively worse, namely price demand. Since then, there's been price improvement. And your comment about kind of taking into account market prices today would imply something towards the upper end of the EBITDA guidance range. So maybe if I look at spot market prices for silicon metal and alloys today and flatline that for the rest of the year, would you anticipate approximating the $170 million in EBITDA?

Or even better, Martin. Or even better, Martin. I mean, we have... The question, and I mentioned it when I answered to Lucas, is as these increases are related mainly to restocking and some production curtailment, and in the case of Europe, the crisis in the Red Sea, we have to see if this level of price will be maintained to be seen. This is my first comment. The other comment that I made is that in parallel to pricing recovery, we have made a decision, taken the decision to go very aggressively to further improve the cost of our operations already this year. And so today I can say I'm rather optimistic definitely to reach or maybe even do better than the top level of the guidance.

Okay. Would you, last year, I don't believe there was any revisions to EBITDA guide, but the way things played out, it was progressively deteriorating from a fundamental perspective, and you still exceeded the top end of the guidance for the full year. But presumably, if we would be against a backdrop of fundamental improvement with price and or demand, that could potentially prompt upward revisions as the year progresses, assuming that it's a spot price where it is today or better.

Well, to be in line to what I mentioned after third quarter, In 2024, we had a big favorable impact from the energy price in France. And like I explained, this impact was related mainly to the difference between the energy market price in France and the price that we had negotiated. This year, this difference is much lower, much lower. And this is why, Beatrice, during our pitch has mentioned the $186 million benefit on our EBITDA of $315 million that basically brings the performance of 2023 to $129 million, as mentioned by Beatriz. So this $129 million EBITDA really reflects the the market net of the energy favorable energy impact in france in 2023 right now this is what starting from there we have created a guidance of 100 170 millions now in 2024 we are not going to have the same impact from energy in france we are still going to be very competitive with our energy cost in France, but few things have to fall into place. Recovery of demand, more sustainable pricing, and our aggressive operational cost reduction program.

maybe the lower bound and upper bound of the annual EBITDA guidance range for this year. What is the assumption on the contribution from energy credits? Yeah, I'd like to get a sense of that. Yeah, that would be it.

Yeah. I mean, when we look at the estimated energy price in France during this year at market. And the way we plan to run our assets in France, we expect to get a benefit which is going to be lower than $40 million versus the 186 that we had in 2023.

What is the spot French electricity price that's baked into that assumption dollars per megawatt hour?

Sorry, can you repeat your question? Sure.

I understand that the credits to work essentially when spot prices for energy in France are at a higher level based on the mechanism versus your contracted rate, you'll get a bigger energy credit. That's what led to the $186 million for last year. This year you're expecting $40 million. And my question is,

embedded in that 40 million what is the dollars per megawatt hour in france that is your assumption yeah you have to look at the it keeps on changing every week you have to look at the um uh published energy market price in in france and and this is one reference point and it keeps on changing for this year every week but you are approximately between 70 and 80 euros per megawatt. And then you have to consider the way we are going to run our operations and our total consumption of energy in France. These are the two elements, both variables, that can give you the final estimate. This is why I cannot give you a full number, but I tell you that is going to be lower than 40 million compared to the 186 in 2023.

Yeah, so it's up to 40 million.

It's up to 40 million.

Okay, up to 40 million and Is there a sensitivity that you can provide on that? I mean, I see year-to-date it's like right in that range. It's like $76 a megawatt hour in the spot market.

Yeah, like I said, between $70 and $80. Yes. Well, it's very difficult because, like we explained in previous calls, there are other factors that influence the final price, like... you know, interruptibility, like which time slots of the day we use to run our assets. So it's something where it's very difficult to give you further guidance.

Okay. When you say up to a $40 million credit, would that be Will that be based on that $70 to $80 range or not necessarily? Yes. Okay. Good. Question on cost savings that were previously undertaken. I think there was an initial program of a targeting under an 80 million EBITDA improvement, and then it stepped up, I think on your investor data to 25, or maybe just before that, if you can remind me of the base year for that, and then you spoke about seeking out some incremental improvements and I just want to try to square that away with the EBITDA guide for this year as well.

Yeah. I mean, with the value creation program, we mentioned that we approximately achieved $125 million. But there are many moving pieces. We are a very different organization versus 2020. What makes the reconciliation very hard is that there's been a tremendous change in certain critical inputs. For example, and I mentioned just a couple of things, coal input cost has increased more than 100% between 2019 and 2023 because it has increased to $472 per ton. And we use approximately half a million tons of coal, this number is for 2023. In the past, we even used 600,000 tons of coal per year. And the rough increase of $240 per ton in coal means a negative impact to our bottom line of $150 million in terms of incremental cost. If you make the same comparison on energy, if you exclude France and you consider our energy cost for the rest of our asset footprint, when you compare 2019 to today, we have more than $35 million incremental cost. So when you just look at these two categories, these two categories impact negatively the bottom line by $150 million, and the price of coal or the price of energy are things that are not under our control. Now, this is just to give you the feeling of how difficult it is to reconcile our performance versus expectations. But, you know, like in every industrial company, there is always room for improvement. And the room for improvement in our case is in the area of integrated supply chain. And this is where we are focused this year to reduce our overall operating cost.

On the, sorry, go ahead.

No, Martin, just one additional point to building up on what Marco mentioned. We also produce roughly one-third less in number of tons. So this means an impact as well in less cost absorption, fixed cost absorption. So this has been an element that plays against this value creation plan as well.

Of the 500,000 tons in 2023, that was your external purchases or consumption or that was?

Correct. External purchases of coal. Net of our integrated coal from Alden.

Okay. Would you be able to provide any framework for not metallurgical silicon market prices, but your ASP and silicon metal kind of continues to outperform. And I'm curious, I understand that selling into chemicals and battery applications probably doesn't occur a heck of a lot in a spot market price, but are you able to provide a range in recent history where you've seen spot market prices for this

higher value silicon metal that goes into chems applications for batteries on a price per ton well first of all if you if you talk about uh silicon for batteries uh we have still relatively small volumes in our product mix but we are talking depending on on the customers between $10 and $15 per kilo. So a completely different price range. And in premium applications, the price of silicon metal is decoupled from the index. So today we have volumes in silicon metal that are sold at between $4,000 and $4,500 per metric ton, decoupled from the current market price.

Okay. Excellent. Thank you. I appreciate all the detail. Very helpful. Thank you, Martin.

Thank you. Once again, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 1. and one on your telephone.

There seems to be no further questions.

I would like to come back for closing remarks.

Thank you, Heidi. Despite the near-term headwinds, Ferroglobe is well positioned for the economic upturn, and the long-term outlook remains intact, proving our resilience. We started 2024 as a more robust company as we are setting ourselves up toward our long-term goal. That concludes our fourth quarter and full year 2023 earning call. Thank you again for your participation. We look forward to hearing from you on the next call. Have a great day.

That does conclude our conference for today. Thanks for participating. You may now disconnect.