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Operator
Thank you for standing by and welcome to the HERSI Group second quarter 2023 earnings conference call. All participants are in a listen only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question and answer session. If you wish to ask a question, you will need to press the star key followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. I would now like to hand the conference over to Yanting Xu. Please go ahead.
Yanting Xu
Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining Hesite Group's second quarter 2023 earnings conference call. Our earnings release is now available on our IR website at investor.hesitetech.com, as well as via newswire services. Today, you will hear from our CEO, Dr. David Lee, who will start the call with an overview of our recent updates. Next, our global CFO, Mr. Louis Teh, will address our financial results before we open the call for questions. Before we continue, I refer you to the safe harbor statement in our earnings press release, which applies to this call, as we will make forward-looking statements. Please also note that the company will discuss non-GAAP measures today, which are more thoroughly explained and reconciled to the most comparable measures reported on the GAAP in our earnings release and SEC findings. With that, I'm pleased to turn over the call to our CEO, Dr. David Lee. David, please go ahead.
David Lee
Thank you, Yuan Di, and thank you, everyone, for joining our call today. In the second quarter, our team's dedication and hard work resulted in record-breaking quarterly figures. In particular, we achieved unprecedented milestones in our quarterly net revenues, experiencing a surge of over 100% year-over-year. Furthermore, our total LIDAR shift for the quarter soared to a record over 52,000 units, marking a tenfold increase compared to the same period last year. Both our ADAS revenue and shipments also reached all-time highs, with ADAS shipments growing 27 times year-over-year, further reinforcing our leading position in delivering high-quality LIDARs for passenger cars. As a result, we are delighted to report that our strong shipments, along with our unwavering focus on operating efficiency, have generated a positive operating cash flow for the second consecutive quarter, with a four-fold increase over prior quarters. Among our six U.S. listed peers, we take pride in being the sole players with a positive operating cash flow. These financial achievements underscore our commitment to sustainable and profitable growth in the long run. We are also thrilled to be named as the number one global automotive LiDAR supplier for the second consecutive year in a recent report published by EU Intelligence, a world-renowned independent research company in Europe. We have captured 47% of the worldwide LiDAR market share by revenue in 2022. Your report indicated astounding growth of 95% of the global automotive LiDAR market from 21 to 22. Meanwhile, we extended our leading position, increasing our global LiDAR market share from 42% in 2021 to 47% in 2022, clearly surpassing the second largest player at 15%. Furthermore, according to the report, Hasai is projected to be the largest shipper of ADAS LiDAR units again in 2023, with an anticipated volume almost 1.5 times greater than the second-rank supplier, firmly establishing us as a market leader. This prestigious leadership position is a strong testament to our exceptional capabilities in designing, manufacturing, and shipping high-performance, high-quality lighter products at a substantial volume. We take immense pride in our unique ability to meet market demands and consistently exceed customer expectations. Now, let's take a closer look at our second quarter business update. On the ADAS front, We're excited to announce that we have secured a new domestic design wing for multiple series production vehicle models with StakeMotor. Our partnership with them now includes new intelligent multi-purpose vehicles in addition to our previous collaboration on passenger vehicles and battery electric heavy-duty trucks. Among our 11 ADAS customers, six of them are scheduled to begin shipping new EV models equipped with Hasei LiDAR by end of 2023. Also, as of second quarter of 2023, among our 11 ADAS OEM customers, we have achieved ADAS design wins for mass production across over 40 vehicle models, showcasing our commitment to providing top-notch LIDAR products to our valued customers. Internationally, our ADAS LIDAR products have attracted significant interest from global OEMs who acknowledge our proven track record in consistently delivering automotive LIDARs of the highest performance and the best quality at scale and meeting production schedules. We are making notable progress in advancing our discussions with leading global OEMs on sourcing arrangements for their next-generation intelligent vehicles. In the second quarter, four additional programs with three leading global OEMs have moved forward to the RFQ phase, and we anticipate final decisions to be made starting in the fourth quarter of 2023. Among our ongoing RFQ engagement, we forged two new strategic development programs with two leading global automotive OEM partners, one from North America and one from Europe. These comprehensive programs encompass long and short-range LiDAR, enabling us to create a comprehensive portfolio of advanced LiDAR solutions that prioritize safety. Development programs like these represent a unique opportunity for us to find new products around the designs of the target vehicle models and offer OEM customers a deeper level of understanding of our technical superiority and engineering capabilities before they make final decisions. Moving on to the autonomous mobility market. In the second quarter, we successfully convinced volume shipments on our latest deal, which represents the largest robot taxi LIDAR contract in the company's history with a leading global robo-taxi player, an order we mentioned during our last quarterly earning call. The entire order spans the next couple of years, and notably, we have already secured contracts to ship LIDAR's value at a couple hundred million dollars for the year of 2024 alone with an improved growth margin. Next, I'd love to share an update on manufacturing and product upgrades. We remain on track to manufacture our upgraded AT series LIDAR featuring a refined design, extended detection range, and lower power consumption. Full-scale production is anticipated to commence in the third quarter of 2023 at Hurst Center, our in-house manufacturing facility in Hangzhou, which operates at an automation rate over 90%. This new, smarter manufacturing facility is designed to increase our production throughput further reduce costs and pave the way for even more scalable production. Anticipating a smooth transition, we expect to begin volume shipment of the upgraded AT128 early in the fourth quarter of this year. In the recent development, we've deepened our long-standing partnership with NVIDIA, which dates back to 2019, through a new venture that seamlessly integrates our cutting-edge LiDAR sensors into their NVIDIA Drive and NVIDIA Omniverse ecosystems. Now, developers can leverage the NVIDIA platform for more accurate testing of the autonomous vehicle algorithms while significantly shortening the development cycle, facilitating a more efficient and powerful approach to autonomous driving. NVIDIA has been one of our top 10 US customers since 2019. Last but not least, safety remains at the heart of our endeavors, a commitment deeply rooted in our conviction that human life is priceless. Our unwavering dedication to spearheading advanced and comprehensive safety standards in our functional safety, cybersecurity, and product quality truly sets us apart in the industry. The pride we take in our achievement is tangible. We are certified by SGIC, the world's leading third-party certification company as the very first LiDAR sector to attain ISOB product certification in our products. Furthermore, we're truly honored to lead the themed Global ISO Automotive LiDAR Working Group, where we collaborate alongside industry giants like Vallejo, BMW, Bosch, Sony, and Volkswagen. Together, we're forging a unified consensus on the test methods for automotive-grade LIDAR, showcasing our leadership role in shaping the industry's future. It brings us immersed pride to shoulder the responsibility of utilizing our technical expertise to drive the establishment of multiple safety standards for the industry. Our devotion to safety knows no bounds. and we continue to push the boundaries to empower a secure and protected future for all. To quickly summarize, our second quarter was truly remarkable. Our operational accomplishments are a testament to the strides that we're making with the record-breaking revenue and LIDAR shipments, backed by a steady, positive operating cash flow. This is just the beginning of an extraordinary journey I have. Our unwavering dedication drives us to build upon these triumphs and see long-term growth opportunities in the booming ADA and AM markets. Our commitment to excellence goes beyond mere words. It's a relentless pursuit to ensure that our products are synonymous with trust and dependability to safeguard the well-being of every end customer. and to craft a tomorrow where safety is paramount and intelligence derives. Now, I'll turn the call over to Louis to share more details on the financial performance and outlook. Louis, please go ahead.
Yuan Di
Thank you, David, and hello, everyone. Let's go through our operating and financial figures for the second quarter. To be mindful of the length of our earnings call today, I encourage listeners to refer to our second quarter earnings press release for further details. We are delighted to see that our net revenues exceeded our guidance, reaching an all-time high of RMB 440.3 million, U.S. dollar 60.7 million this quarter, up 108.5% year over year, and 2.4% quarter over quarter. In the second quarter, our LIDAR shipments saw an impressive tenfold surge year over year, 49.6% increase quarter over quarter, reaching a record high of 52,106 units, reaffirming our leading position in the global LIDAR industry with cumulative LIDAR shipment now exceeding 190,000 units. In addition, We attained exceptional milestones with record high ADUS revenues for the second quarter, experiencing a triple-digit year-over-year increase in shipments of ADUS LIDAR, soaring to an astounding 27 times year-over-year. Based on reported revenues and shipments in 2022, as well as the first half of 2023, we continue to outpace the competition with higher revenues in LiDAR shipments than our six other US-listed LiDAR peers combined. Our gross margin for the second quarter of 2023 exceeded our earlier expectations, reaching 30%. This achievement is a result of better-than-expected ASPs and continuous improvement in our manufacturing cost structure. even though the gross margin is slightly lower quarter over quarter as expected due to the commencement of a large but lower margin quarter with a leading global robot taxi company. Furthermore, our unrelenting efforts to improve revenue scalability and cost efficiency resulted in sustained positive operating cash flow for the second consecutive quarter of RMB 58.2%. $3 million, US dollar $8 million. This accomplishment, which is unparalleled in the LIDAR industry, represents a four-fold quarter-over-quarter increase, underscoring our robust financial trajectory to profitability in the long term. Turning to our financial outlook, for the third quarter of 2023, we expect net revenues to be between RMB $405 million U.S. dollar 55.9 million, and RMB 425 million, U.S. dollar 58.6 million, representing a year-over-year of approximately 21.3 to 27.3% growth. The lower than normal year-over-year quarterly net revenue growth can be attributed to two primary factors. First, Net revenue in Q3-22 were elevated due to a significant rebound in Q3-22 following the Shanghai COVID lockdowns in 2Q-22, resulting in a high base year over year comparison for Q3-23. And second, LIDAR units totaling several million U.S. dollars that were initially scheduled for delivery in 3Q23 are now anticipated to be delivered in 4Q23 instead, an adjustment that purely reflects a shift in timing. We are still on track to meet or exceed our revenue target of RMB 1.8 billion, approximately US $250 million. It's important to highlight that the strong growth comes in the face of challenging currency backdrop, with the RMB having weakened about 8% against the US dollar over the past year, shifting from around 6.71 to 7.25 RMB to the US dollar. Regarding LIDAR shipments, our original goal was to achieve 250,000 for the full year, Due to some delays from our OEM customers, particularly relating to new model releases and the product transition in our updated AT128, which mandates testing and validation by our customers, we are now projecting shipments of approximately 220,000 LiDAR units for the full year 2023. With respect to gross margins, we anticipate the commencement of production of our Hertz factory in Hangzhou in the third quarter of 2023 will further improve our ADAS gross margins as it reaches economies of scale in manufacturing and utilization. We also expect our group level gross margins to rise in the fourth quarter of 2023. We are now confident that we will exceed our gross margin target of 27% to 30% for the full year 2023 and expect to reach our long-term target of stabilizing the blended gross margin between 30% to 35% in this 23 year, one year ahead of our previous estimate. In summary, our full year 2023 revenue gross margin and operating cash flow have all surpassed our expectations, whereas our LIDAR shipment volume is slightly lower than our initial estimation made at the end of last year. Nonetheless, our business continues to make significant strides, paving a clear path to sustained growth and profitability. The above outlook is based on our current market conditions. and reflects the company's preliminary estimates of market and operating conditions and customer demand, which are all subject to change. This concludes our prepared remarks for today. Operator, we are now ready to take questions.
Operator
Thank you. If you wish to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. If you wish to cancel your request, please press star 2. If you are on a speakerphone, please pick up the handset to ask your question. If you wish to ask your question in Chinese, please immediately repeat the question in English. For the sake of clarity and order, please ask one question at a time. Management will respond and then you may ask your follow-up question. Your first question comes from Tim Hesiao from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Tim Hesiao
Good morning, David Lewis and Tim. Thanks for taking my questions, and congratulations on another solid quarter. I have two questions. The first one is about the delivery delay, because according to the earnings release, there will be several million U.S. dollars sales of LiDAR delay from third quarter to fourth quarter. I think Liz briefly highlighted that, but could you elaborate a little more about what caused the delay and what kind of program it is? Is it mechanical or semi-solid state LIDAR? And any way across to the impact to the size fourth quarter margin? And lastly, do we expect any further delay of other projects from fourth quarter to sometime next year? Thank you.
Yuan Di
Thank you, Tim. As far as the delays, they relate to both ADAS LIDAR for the solid state as well as for the AT series. We won't discuss any names, but they will move to Q4. And then I don't at this point know of any delays into Q1 of next year, but you can basically expect a large Q4 ADAS delivery number, as basically many of our customers will wrap up for next year. You think about this year, we'll probably have three or four programs that are shipping, that are actual models shipping in ADAS. Next year, by the end of next year, we expect over 30 models. So some of them will begin to accept LIDAR and ramp up in Q4. So it's just been a shift in time. But I won't call out any specific names.
Tim Hesiao
Got it. Thank you, Luis. My second question is about the overseas projects. Because during the presentations, I think David mentioned that the company has received several RFQs from Europe and U.S. carmakers, and some would turn to the confirmed purchase orders likely later this year. So could you please shed some light regarding the rough scale of those projects versus what we currently have in China? And if there is any potential SOP schedule, you can share with us. Thank you.
David Lee
David, you want to take the overseas? Yes. Thank you, Tim. This is David Lee. So you asked about the global programs, right? So I think first we have moved from quite a few of the RFIs to RFQs, which is really the last stage before they make the final decision to go usually with one vendor. And yes, based on the schedule we're given, they will start to giving out final decisions starting in the Q4 of this year and a lot of the RQ for this year and the Q1 next year. I think we also mentioned briefly that on top of this RFQ, some OEMs are taking an extra step to do a development project with us, which is one step further, meaning that for the few of the vendors who are on the short list of RFQ, they usually go with one or two of those vendors to do in-depth development first before making the decision. Essentially, it was from those some of the work for them to further understand our capability in a development style as opposed to just looking at and testing the units. So, this is... This is very helpful to us because if you think about HESAI's capability, we always outperform peers when our products are testing directly against, especially in an integrated way, and now we're given this very special opportunity to prove that. So we are in the process of the two. One is with European OEMs, the other with American OEMs.
Tim Hesiao
Got it. Thank you very much, Davey and Louis. I'm looking forward to more breakthrough in the new project rings.
Louis
Thank you. Thank you, Tim.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Olivia Zhu from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Olivia Zhu
Thank you, Davey and Louis, for taking my question. Congratulations on the results. My first question is about the pricing. We've seen the intensified pricing competition in the EV space in July and August. How do we see the pricing pressure to lighter products into the second half this year and longer term?
Yuan Di
Thank you, Olivia. I think for Q2, our pricing remained relatively stable. There was the large contract with a global taxi company that obviously lowered our prices and affected our gross margin, but that was accounted for already. We have seen a stabilization in prices for AT, XT, QT, and Pandar. In fact, the pricing for other customers has actually been better than expected, and that's why you saw the gross margin buff up. So we raised our gross margin profile. So, so far, it's been relatively stable. In the Q3 and Q4, we expect that stability to continue for this year because we signed longer-term contracts. And then as far as next year goes, we will have to wait for Q4.
Louis
So we are lucky so far that prices have stabilized.
Olivia Zhu
Got it. Yeah, my second question is about the financials. We see that those sales in the market and also R&D expense was lower in the second quarter versus the first quarter this year. How should we expect the OPEX to trend into the third and fourth quarter this year?
Yuan Di
I think sales and marketing and G&A are certainly under control, so they will continue to trend down as a percentage of revenue. R&D, if it goes up more, is actually a good sign. That means we're winning programs. So obviously when you win a RFQ, you must put resources into the initial phase for getting the product to SOP. So if we do increase the R&D side, it will be good. Also, Maxwell will open next quarter, and that will mean R&D spending to move and to buy testing and validation and calibration equipment and moving it into the new facilities, as well as additional headcount. Same thing on the Hertz side. Hertz will begin full-scale operation in September, and so it will require some spending there. But R&D spending at this stage for the rest of this year is actually a good sign. That means we're winning a lot of business.
Olivia Zhu
Got it. That's very clear.
Louis
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Ben Wong from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.
Ben Wong
Thank you. I've got two financial questions. Number one, can you provide a third quarter volume guidance? Because you provided revenue, can you provide a volume for LIDAR? That's number one. Number two is about the question about service revenue. Why such a big jump in the third quarter revenue compared to the first quarter or previous quarter as well. So, do you change accounting to determine the service revenue? Thank you.
Yuan Di
First question on the units. We don't typically provide units guidance, but it will be lower likely than Q2. That's why the revenue is slightly lower because of the shift in timing. Q4, the units will be quite high, but it will somewhere be, my best guess would be the units will be somewhere between 45% and 48,000 units. And then on the services revenue, I didn't see any specific pop-up. Do you know why, Norman? The services revenue went up in Q2? I didn't really see it. Oh, okay. Okay, so it relates to a specific project where we're working with, to build basically, it's a new software development program.
Louis
So that one we haven't really disclosed yet, but that's the reason. Thank you. Okay. Thank you. It's not significant in our business yet.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Li Ping Huang from Huatai. Please go ahead.
Li Ping Huang
Okay. Thank you for taking my question. The first question is also about the margin outlook in the next few quarters. So You mentioned it's due to a one-time big order from one major customer in second quarter. What should we look at the margin outlook in next few quarter? Will it stabilize in this below 30% range? And since we see some, also related is that we see some further price cuts on the OEM side these days. How this translates into your margin? Yeah, this is the first question.
Yuan Di
Yeah, I think for us, Q3 will see a dip in margin, as we've already telegraphed to everyone. I would expect Q3 gross margin to be somewhere between 20% and 25%. And then Q4 will bump up. Q4, with the Hertz facility running and also with the new version of AT in the market, you should see a bump up in gross margin back to 30% to 35%. So for the full year, of 2023, we did 38% gross margin in Q1, 30% in Q2. Q3 will be our low point, 20% to 25%. Q4 will be back to 30% to 35%. And so for the full year, we will exceed 30% gross margins. So we will hit our target, long-term target, of 30% to 35% gross margins for the whole year. And Q4 will do that because of the size and the volume shipments in Q4. For long-term gross margins next year, we expect it to be in the range of 30% to 35% because the enhanced AT will be shipping in large volume. So if we ship 220,000 total LiDAR this year, next year we'll probably expect a double on that to over 400,000. So things will be at scale. Therefore, gross margin will go up with the new enhanced AT product. Second is the large Robotaxi business supply. We will also have an enhanced PANDAR product, which will begin to ship in Q1 of next year, and that will also improve margins. So between the two, with our revised and enhanced products in AT and PANDAR, you will see a gross margin stabilization between 30% to 35%. In fact, 24 should be higher than 23 in gross margin. So that's why we're moving very quickly on a clear path to profitability by the second half of 2024.
Li Ping Huang
Okay. So the second question is about, do you have any, since you have some postpone on the revenue to the fourth quarter? So based on the latest view on the market, do you have any visibility on your outlook for the next year, for 2024? Yeah.
Yuan Di
Yeah, I think for 20, the Q4 of 23 will be our biggest quarter at this point. So that's why we will hit our, For the first two quarters, we've done 120-something million US dollars. Our target for the year is 250. And don't forget, when we made that projection last year, the RMB was 6.7. So that's actually 270-plus million US dollars. So we'll exceed our original forecast. So if you put that in perspective, Q4 will be our largest quarter. ADAS units will ship the highest as people ramp up for 24. So we would expect to hit that $250 million mark with a strong Q4, both in deliveries and in revenue for the quarter. For 2024, our current estimate, and we'll refine it as we get closer to 2024, is for units to be over 400,000, so basically a double almost from this year, And revenue should easily be at least 60% to 80% growth year over year. So we're targeting somewhere between $400 and $450 million, which would be at 60% to 75% or so growth. So we expect a strong 24%. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Once again, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. Your next question comes from Tim Hisiao from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Tim Hesiao
Hi. Thanks for giving me another opportunity to ask the follow-up questions. So I actually have another two related to the operation. So the first one is about the client concentration because Despite the 11 ADAS customers, I think David just mentioned earlier, currently the single largest customers to contribute a big chunk of HOSAI's ADAS revenue. So looking forward, should we expect more diversified sales makes in 2024, where such sales concentration in your view might continue to be the case? Given the increasing divergence in performance of host sites and customers, we noticed that probably one or two of them are doing very well. So this is my first question.
Yuan Di
Yeah, I think for this year, you're correct, Tim. The concentration is well over 50% on the ADA side in one customer and about 50% on the Robotaxi side in one customer. We obviously expect some diversification in 24 because right now only three or four models are shipping SOP. by 2024, by the end, over 30 models will be shipping. And we have one of over 45 models in our pipeline. So you can see that, obviously, with more model shipping in 2024, the concentration in ADAS will diminish. Also, same thing on the robo-taxi side. We have hundreds of customers on the robo-taxi side and industrial robotics side. And so the concentration we would expect to lower in 24, although these two customers on ADAS and RoboTaxi obviously are our biggest two customers. But we do expect some reduction in the percentage. You had a second question?
Tim Hesiao
Yeah, my second question is about the product itself, because I just want to check that are most orders of ADAS, LiDARs in our order backlog still standardized products? And do we see increasing requirement of the product customizations by our clients, or most OEMs or car makers are still fine with the standardized products? So going forward, do we expect the company to have more co-developed or bespoke projects with OEMs? That could help probably companies tied up with the car makers in the long term. Thank you. Yeah.
Yuan Di
I think you're seeing a bifurcation in the standard versus optional side. So for the high-end models, for the highest-end models in most of these OEMs, I think LiDAR will become more and more increasingly a standard feature. For cars in the mid-range or lower, you will see it as an optional feature. But over time, as you will see, as the market moves to L3 and L4, LiDAR becomes a necessity. So for one of our customers, for the NOA product, so the navigation on autopilot, it requires LiDAR. So if you want that feature to be able to hands-free driving in the city or on your commute or in parking, you're going to need LiDAR. And you'll see that as the features become written and the functionality increases across the OEM spectrum that LiDAR will be seen as a necessity. But right now, I would say it's for the high-end cars. You'll see that in our largest ADAS customer and others is standard. But for... For products that are not the highest level as far as their price point, you will see it as an option. Even on the option, the take-up rate for us has been about 30% plus. So it's not bad.
David Lee
Louis, I think Tim's question might be a different one. I think he is asking whether we're providing a customized product or a standardized product to the customer. Yes, that's right.
Yuan Di
Most of it is standardized, the AT.
David Lee
Yeah, it's the AT. So I think the short answer is that we always provide the standardized product in the sense that it's the same platform, same specs. When we, for example, upgrade from the current AT128 to the upgraded version, everyone also moves over. In the end, it's about economy of scale and efficiency. So we always try to provide the same product to everyone, with no customization on the performance and definitely no customization on the reliability part. And the only part that might be slightly different is the communication because different customers probably talk to our LIDARs in a different way, I mean, on the data side, right? So that's the only part that's different. And other than that, we always ask them to join the same platform so that we can focus on polishing one product for everybody and each generation and that has always been the strategy.
Tim Hesiao
Got it. Super clear. Thank you very much David and Louis. Thank you. Thank you Kevin.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Yang Kong from CICC. Please go ahead.
Lialto
Thanks for taking my question. I'm Yang from CICC and congrats on your achievement. Would you like to share with us your opinion about the relationship between 4D radar and LiDAR? Because as far as I know, Lee Alter has used 4D radar on his L7 model. So would you think this will be a trend in the future and how this will impact on LiDAR future volumes? Thank you.
Yuan Di
David, you want to take this?
David Lee
Yeah. Yeah, sure. We follow the development of any of the new sensors on the vehicles very closely, and 4D radar has definitely been one of the interesting options. But let's just talk about the specs. I think one of the things 4D radar is really good at is that it doesn't have any moving parts, and it's performing relatively better in the more difficult weather. But other than that, I think the biggest challenge for 4D radar today is if you just look at the image of it, resolution-wise, when I say resolution, it's how many points per second from LiDAR, right? That's one of the most important aspects of LiDAR or camera. 4D radar is roughly 1% resolution of a good LiDAR. which means that the image you see is going to be kind of blurry because the resolution is so bad. It's like you take off your glasses and you look at what's in front of you. Yes, you get an idea of what's going on, but for safety, if you fully rely on that, it's going to be difficult. I can name quite a few cases that 40 radars resolution simply isn't good enough, and then for a camera alone, it doesn't fully give you give you the 100% confidence in detecting them. That's where really LIDARs come in, right? LIDARs are not about the 99% of the scenario and safety is always about the last 1% or maybe the 1% of the 1% of the scenario where LIDAR performs much better than any other alternative. And I am not seeing 40 radar to match the resolution of LIDAR anytime soon and if ever. I won't be able to comment on the rationales behind why Lialto is using some of the 40 radar, but I think it's sufficient to say that even for the L7 model, the MAX version also have our LIDARs on. At least we haven't seen the trend that any of the 40 radar is replacing LIDAR at all. So this is our view, and if you just simply look at it, whether you can use 40 radars to do the driving. And if you look at a point cloud, you get a much clearer picture.
Lialto
Got it. Thank you. Very helpful. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. Once again, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. Your next question comes from Jesse Lowe from Biavo Securities. Please go ahead.
Jesse Lowe
Sure. Thank you, Marison, for taking my question. So my first question will be for the new partners we mentioned happened in second quarter, the two leading global OEMs. So I guess it's difficult to share the news, but how is their attitude and expectation in the cooperation in terms of the launch time on the model equipped with the LiDAR, model price range, potential end market, and also their ideal cause on adopting LiDAR in their mind? Thank you.
David Lee
David? Yeah. First, I won't be able to give the exact names, but I could comment on the rest of the questions. First is, the global OEM, it's normally from late 2025 to 26 to 27, which is a bit later than a typical Chinese OEM, which has a shortened development cycle. And then the second question is, about this process and their attitude. It's actually very interesting because for the typical traditional global OEMs, they are normally known for being conservative and have long vetting process and decide LIDARs earlier than or more years in advance than a typical Chinese player. Usually, at least some of the OEMs have already some prior relationship with a competitor in the LiDAR space. I think at least what I was told is that they understand the complexity of this selection and they think that it's not very easy to make the right choice. That's why they're being very careful this time. I think I also briefly mentioned that. During even RFI, RFQ phase, now they are demanding more information tangible evidence. In other words, it used to be that if you have a very nice PowerPoint and some very good samples and that's enough, now the OEMs are like, oh, I need to see the full set of evidence, especially all the way to production, which is more than fair, right? Because now LiDAR space is entering a new era where some of the players like us are already shipping in a larger volume and others are not. So, And that's also one of the things they pay a lot of attention to because in the past, no one is shipping yet. You can only rely on the sample assessment. Now, they spend a lot of time auditing our factory, looking at our production capabilities, especially looking at the quality of the parts we ship. We ship close to 200,000 sensors so far as a company and more than 100,000 on the ADA side. And then they come to us and they say, look, you know, we really care about the quality you ship because a lot of your peers are far away from the scale you are, but are you shipping at automotive grade quality that we need? Of course, that can only be answered by looking at the reliability of our sensors. And the quality is an interesting thing in the sense that it's impossible to predict, right? You can only know some parts are of high quality when they have shipped enough and you can look back and look at it. So we're one of the very few competitors who can tell the OEM that we have shipped large volume and please look at it, we really meet your standard. So that's one of the things that makes us very unique in those discussions and I believe that's one of the reasons we are advanced to not only RFQ but also the development phase. Yeah, hopefully that will yield good results in the next quarter or two.
Yuan Di
I think also to add on that, I think to add on that, these development agreements are for much larger volume in the long term than the initial ones that were awarded based on PowerPoint. So those were kind of test projects to test the concept of LiDAR. The ones that are upcoming are much larger. They're platform-based. So they will cut across many more models and higher volume cars. So it's a bigger game to play now than it used to be. The prize is much larger.
Jesse Lowe
Yeah, sure. Thank you so much. So my second question would be the sensor numbers equipped on a car. So we expound comments on cutting the sensor number by 50% and carry out their ADAS function through these algorithm evaluation or progress in 2024 to 2025. Did we see any related feedback and thoughts from our existing OEM clients? And on the other hand, as they started this cooperation with Volkswagen, Of course, it's good for their supply chain, but do we see any potential to break in to such kind of opportunity?
Yuan Di
I didn't catch the question. David, you want to handle that?
David Lee
Yeah, I'll answer it. I'll take the question. So I don't think we can comment specifically on each of the customer. So I will focus on the previous question, which is do we see the trend of number of LIDARs going down on the vehicle? First of all, most of the customers we work with today are using one LiDAR versus two. Well, I guess it depends on their astrology. When you use one LiDAR, it's focusing on the long range, looking forward, more like a highway type of application. And as they evolve, a lot of people are considering putting more, especially around the vehicle. I think it's the need of the... the scenario, the ODDs. My belief is that the functionality of the different ADAS vehicles are evolving very quickly, and in the end, they're going to be able to handle many different scenarios, including low speed, urban driving, even last mile valley parking, things like that. The coverage you need is more than just forward-facing long-range, and that naturally requires more number of LIDARs, and that's also the trend we see. Of course, in the end, it's depending on the speed of the software deployment on the OEM side on when they can fully deploy. and deploy and release those functions to the customer. But we already see that. Some of the customers we work with, they already have three LIDARs starting this year. So we definitely see that.
spk08
Thank you so much.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Yi Lu from JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Yi Lu
Hi, this is from JP Morgan. Thanks for taking my question. I actually have two questions. The first is that could you give me more guidance regarding the delivery pipeline from six OEMs by end of this year to 11 OEMs by end of next year? Because I'm actually curious if we may have some seasonal volatility on shipment throughout the next year, if any large order from one single client and whether there will be potential downside risk if that order got late? That's my first question.
Yuan Di
Thank you. I think for 2024, we expect 10 or 11 OEMs to be shipping by then. And you know we have one customer as our largest customer. I think the risk there is not high as far as the delays or driven. They're obviously selling very, very well. So long as they do well, we will do well. I think the overall total number of shipments for ADAS LIDAR should be in the range of 380,000 to 420,000 units for next year, and that's between 11 OEMs. And then for the robo-taxi side, it should be well over 30,000 units, 30,000 to 40,000 units.
Yi Lu
Is that your question? Yes, that helps. And my second question is that could you give us more updates regarding the XT series and FT series? Any others on that part and what is expected through our time? Yeah, thank you.
Yuan Di
XT has done quite well. So XT is actually growing 30%, 40% a year in units, and the price is quite good. QT is also doing well. So the ones below Pandar, the whole RoboTaxi side is doing quite well. So the growth rates are, we've sold so far in the first two quarters over 12,000, and then for the whole year, we should be over 25,000 units on the non-ADAS LiDAR. So the Pandar, the XT, and the QT. So all three of them are selling quite well. XT probably better than QT. We don't break down specific total units, but those three together will be about 25,000 or more units for this year.
Yi Lu
Matt confirmed that it's about FT better than QT.
Yuan Di
Yeah, FT... It's supposed to release this quarter. To be perfectly honest, the number of units that we'll deliver won't be high. That's one of the ones that will miss the target. We originally forecasted 10,000 units. It'll come in well short of that. So FT, we still have a couple customers for it, but the volume will be much lower than originally forecast.
Yi Lu
Okay, understand. Very clear. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'll now hand back to the company for closing remarks.
Yanting Xu
Thank you once again for joining us today. If you have further questions, please feel free to contact our investor relations team. This concludes today's call and we look forward to speaking to you again next quarter. Thank you and goodbye.
Operator
Thank you. That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.
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