InterDigital, Inc.

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for standing by. My name is Gail, and I will be your operator for today. At this time, I would like to welcome each and every one of you to the InterDigital's fourth quarter, 225 earnings call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to answer a question, kindly press power on again. I will now turn the call over to Rayford Garabrant, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Gail, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to InterDigital's fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. I'm Rayford Garabrant, Head of Investor Relations for InterDigital. With me on today's call are Liren Chen, our President and CEO, and Rich Breske, our CFO. Consistent with prior calls, we will offer some highlights about the quarter and the company, and then open the call up for questions. For additional details, you can access our earnings release and slide presentation that accompany this call on our investor relations website. Before we begin our remarks, I need to remind you that in this call, we will make forward-looking statements regarding our current beliefs, plans, and expectations, which are not guarantees of future performance, and are made only as of the date hereof. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from results and events contemplated by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include those described in the risk factor section of our 2025 annual report on Form 10-K and in our other SEC filings. In addition, today's presentation may contain references to non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are included in the supplemental materials posted to the Investor Relations section of our website. With that taken care of, I will turn the call over to Leary.

Thank you, Reefer. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. At the beginning of 2025, we set aggressive goals to grow our company, including building on the momentum of smartphone licensing program to drive revenue growth with a special focus on increasing annualized recurring revenue and margin expansion, building a strong licensing pipeline by advancing our video service licensing program, expanding our AI research capability and growing our standard leadership and patent portfolio at a critical stage in the development of 6G and the next generation video codecs. I'm pleased to say that we have exceeded our goals on all these fronts. We finished 2025 with a strong fourth quarter, delivering revenue and EPS above the high end of our outlook, built strong momentum across our licensing programs, completed a key acquisition to strengthen our AI research, and added new invention to our patent portfolio, reaching a new record-breaking high. This rounded off an excellent year, where revenue for the full year was $834 million, the second highest in our history. We increased our annual recurring revenue to $582 million, up 24% year over year. The adjusted EBITDA was $589 million, and our non-GAAP EPS was more than $15, both at all-time highs. Today, I'll focus on our progress throughout the year and why we believe we are well-positioned to drive shareholder value in 2026, which will then talk you through our fourth quarter financial performance and our 2026 outlook in more detail. In our smartphone program, we had a record-setting year in 2025. We completed Samsung's smartphone licensing contract that extended one of our longest customer relationships all the way to the end of 2013. We signed a new deal with two more top ten global smartphone vendors, Vivo and Honor. With these additions, we have now licensed eight of the top ten largest smartphone manufacturers, covering about 85% of the overall market. Our new agreement with Samsung is the most valuable license in our history, continuing our win-win relationship that stretches back to the 1990s. In 2025, we also renewed agreement with Sharp and Seiko. For the year, our smartphone revenue was just below $680 million, up 14% year-over-year to an all-time high. This strong momentum has continued into 2026, but we renewed our license with Xiaomi at the beginning of the year. We now have the three largest smartphone vendors, Apple, Samsung, and Xiaomi, licensed through the end of the decade, providing a strong foundation for the company to build on future organic goods. In our CE and IoT program, we continue to make good progress. In 2025, we signed a new agreement, HP, the world's largest PC manufacturer. We now have licensed about half of the global PC market. In the fourth quarter, we signed a CE device license agreement with a significant social media company covering our video coding and Wi-Fi patents. At the start of 2026, we complete a new license with LG Electronics, covering the company's digital TV and computer display monitors. LG is one of the top global TV manufacturers with strong sales in the premium part of the market. We are thrilled to add it to our CE licensing program. Including the latest deals, we have now licensed over 50 license agreements with a total contract value of more than $4.6 billion since 2021. We also continue to make good progress in our video service program and our focus on licensing some of the world's largest streaming platforms. We believe that this space continues to represent an excellent growth opportunity for us. Initially, our focus is on streaming services, but we also see opportunities in other video-driven platforms, where our innovation in areas like video compression, is central to the efficient processing and delivery of video content and to the consumer experience overall. At the beginning of 2025, we launched our enforcement campaign against Disney+, Hulu, and ESPN Plus streaming services. We received two preliminary injunctions in Brazil and two injunctions in Germany against Disney. And in the fourth quarter, we launched an enforcement proceedings against Amazon. These are important steps towards our goal of signing a long-term agreement with both companies. As I said many times before, we always prefer getting a license deal done through bilateral negotiation. But we will rigorously pursue fair value for years of investment in our research and deepen the value of our intellectual property. which allows us to continue to invest in the next generation of technology. And when we enforce our patent right, we have a strong track record of ultimately signing a license that's fair to both parties. The central role played in the connected world is only possible because we have built and continue to expand a research pipeline which provide us with a strong foundation of assets to license today and which ensure that we have a platform that drive growth cross-licensing program through 2030 and beyond. In 2025, we place particular emphasis in deepening our AI expertise and strengthening our leadership in developing AI-based solution for the next generation of standardized technologies. Through our standard contributions and our technology leadership, we drive much deeper use of AI to make network more efficient and reliable, to make video better quality and more energy efficient, and we lead in the development of advanced wireless network to better support the rapid growth use of AI across devices and services. Our recent acquisition of AI startup DeepRender, which we completely include for is a perfect example of how we strengthened our engineering team to lead research in AI and video compression in years to come. In our wireless research, we are already actively contributing to 6G standard development, which is due to be the first native AI wireless standard. With AI impacting wireless and video groups, the leadership positions that we hold in multiple standard groups become even more important. In 2025, one of our senior engineers was reelected chair of a key working group within 3GPP, the standard organization which is leading the development of 6G. We also hold multiple leadership positions in AI working group in several other standard organizations. The strength of our research and our expertise in building a world-class patent portfolio to protect our innovation are key drivers behind our business success. In 2025, our portfolio grew by 14% year-over-year and passed 38,000 granny patents and applications. Our portfolio is one of the largest across wireless, video, and AI, and more importantly, is also ranked as one of the highest quality in the world, according to several independent third-party reports. Through 2025, our success was recognized by multiple third parties, including by Newsweek, which named us one of America's greatest companies, by Fortune, which included us among America's fastest-growing companies, and by Time, which recognized us as one of America's growth leaders. More recently, another sign of our momentum, at the start of 2026, Forbes recognized us as the number one most successful mid-cap companies in America for 2026. In its analysis, Forbes looked at long-term performance and this award reflects our success in building a foundation for the future and delivering even greater shareholder value going forward. Before I hand it over to Rich, I want to let you know that next month we'll be back at Mobile Congress in Barcelona where we'll be demonstrating some of our cutting-edge technology, including how 6G will reshape connectivity, our innovation, our innovative application of AI, and how we're leading the development of more immersive video. We'll also present a demo alongside gaming technology pioneer Razer, continuing our track record of showcasing cutting-edge innovation alongside industry partners.

Please get in touch if you'd like to meet at the show. And with that, I'll pass you the word to Rich. Thanks, Liren.

Q4 was a strong finish to an excellent year as we delivered revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and non-GAAP EPS in Q4 that all exceeded the high end of our outlook. The upside was driven primarily by the new CE device license agreement with a significant social media company that Liren mentioned earlier. Total revenue of $158 million exceeded the high end of our outlook of $144 to $148 million and included $13 million of catch-up revenue. ARR increased 24% year over year in Q4 to $582 million. Our adjusted EBITDA for the quarter of $88 million exceeded the high end of our outlook of 68 to 76 million, resulting in an adjusted EBITDA margin of 56%. Gap EPS for the quarter of $1.20 exceeded the high end of our outlook of 72 cents to 95 cents. Non-gap EPS of $2.12 for the quarter exceeded the high end of our outlook of $1.38 to $1.63. Cash generation for the quarter was robust, with cash flow operations of $63 million and free cash flow of $48 million. Building on Liren's comments, I'll highlight a few key metrics from our full year 2025 results and provide the additional perspective of how each item has improved over the last four years. First, total revenue for full year 2025 was a near record at $834 million, roughly two times the 2021 levels of $425 million. Next, adjusted EBITDA for full year 2025 reached a record high of $589 million, which is almost three times the 2021 level of $208 million. Finally, for full year 2025, we delivered record non-GAAP EPS of $15.31 per share, more than four times the $3.73 per share we reported in 2021. The dramatic gains in these metrics reflect both strong execution and the operating leverage in our business model. Over the past four years, roughly two times revenue growth has delivered nearly three times growth in adjusted EBITDA and more than four times growth in non-GAAP EPS. all of which was driven by our recurring long-term investment in research. Turning to our outlook, we have guided to another very strong year in 2026 with expectations for total revenue in the range of $675 to $775 million, adjusted EBITDA of $381 to $477 million, and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $8.74 to $11.84. For Q1, we expect revenue will be $194 to $200 million from existing contracts, including catch-up sales of $55 to $60 million. Based only on existing contracts, we expect an adjusted EBITDA margin of 52 to 55 percent and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $2.39 to $2.68. Entering 2026, we saw a step down in ARR from year-end expirations, but we have already renewed about two-thirds of the $92 million that expired at the end of 2025, and we expect additional renewals and new agreements will drive further increases in ARR, keeping us on pace to reach $1 billion by 2030. Before I turn it back to Rayford, I want to reiterate that our quarterly guidance for Q1 26 does not include the impact of any new agreements or arbitration results we may sign or receive over the balance of the first quarter. This is because it is harder to predict the timing of new agreements in short windows. In contrast, our full year guidance includes potential contributions from both new agreements and arbitration results. As was the case last year, we believe we can achieve financial results within our full-year guided range through different combinations of new agreements and arbitration results. With that, I'll turn it back to Rayford.

Thanks, Rich. Before we move to Q&A, I'd like to mention that we'll be attending a number of investor events in Q1, including the Roth Conference in Dan Point, California, and the Sedoti Conference, which is virtual. Please reach out to your representatives at those firms like to schedule a meeting. Now we are ready to take questions.

At this time, I would like to remind everyone that in order to ask a question, you may press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. Also, it's time to ask to please limit your questions to one and one follow-up only so that everyone can have the chance to engage with our speakers for today. Your first question comes from the line of Scott Searle with Ross Capitol. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. Congrats on a nice quarter in outlook. Hey, Rich, maybe just to dive in quickly on the guidance. I think I heard the number in terms of the 194 to 200 million in the first quarter. That's got 50 to 55 million of catch-up. So it kind of implies that recurring has gone down, or at least the immediate outlook of contracts in hand is down sequentially from the December quarter. Now, I know that there are explorations that go along with it. But I'm wondering, excuse me, the start of any year, and I believe the number is about $32 million, according to the K, as we enter 2026. So I'm wondering if you could provide a little bit of color if that's the right ballpark in terms of where we're starting with recurring fees and the outlook and the expectation of re-signing some of those contracts that I believe. I thought Xiaomi was one of them, but Samsung TV, etc., you know, how we should be thinking about that over the course of the next couple of quarters.

Yes, Scott, that's right. So as we disclosed, you know, coming a year ago that we had roughly 90 million of expirations at the end of 25, and we updated that disclosure in the current K. But as noted, we did renew Xiao Mei, so about two-thirds of that was covered. And then we also had the LG agreement, which is contributing recurring revenue as well. So, net-net, you know, we haven't recovered all of it yet. We're still working on other renewals and certainly look to get new agreements to drive further increases in ARR over the course of the year.

Got you. Very helpful. And then I'll jump in on the litigation front. I'm wondering, Larry, if you could provide a little bit of color just in terms of potential timelines as it relates to Disney. You've had some positive outcomes in terms of Brazil and Germany. But is there an expected timeline of when you start to get some more, I guess, court feedback on that front? Similarly, the updated timeline with Amazon and Rich on the litigation cost front I know is elevated this past quarter. I think the number is about $19 million, which is the highest in recent memory. But given the events and the litigation that's ongoing – You know, how should we think about that going forward into the first, second quarter and course of 2026? Thanks.

Hey, Scott. Good morning. So on the litigation side, we could not be happier with where we are with this new case, as I said in my prepared remarks. We followed the litigation at the beginning of 25. We already got really positive results from Brazil and Germany. Of the four patents being decided, we essentially went on all of them regarding, you know, being infringed, and we already got preliminary injunctions and injunctions in two different countries. But that's not all, right? We have more than a dozen patents asserted, and therefore we still have a majority of the case coming to trial in even bigger jurisdictions like American, United States, as well as UPC. And those are starting in the summertime and also second half of this year. We have to have disclosed each cases in our 10K findings. So we are confident about our case and we wait for the outcome of those decisions. Regarding our Amazon case, as I said in my prepared remark, the assertion was frankly starting in Q4. As you might recall, Amazon equity dedicated in the south first. And so the case was fought in our side on Q4. So it's trading a little bit behind on the timing. But we are asserting multiple cases in, you know, four plus jurisdiction plus ITC. And Amazon also have devices that we are also asserting against. So we will take time to go through each one of them. Again, there's more disclosure in our 10K filing.

Yeah, and Scott, on litigation costs, well, the first thing I'd say is you can infer from our guidance that we have some uptick in expenses going into Q1. Without being too granular, let me give you the broad strokes there. We have rev share on the new Madison agreement we signed. Roughly, it's called almost half of the catch up sales for Q1. And then, you know, even accounting for that, expenses are still up a little bit. And that's mostly driven by, you know, an expectation for increased litigation expense, as we do expect it to be higher in Q1 and broadly for 2026. That's all factored into the 26 full year guide as well. And then, you know, beyond that, we continue to invest in our research and portfolio. So we have some, a little bit of an increase there as well.

Great. Thanks so much. Very helpful. I'll get back in the queue.

Next question comes from the line of Kevin Garrigan with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Yeah. Hey, good morning, guys. Congrats on the strong results and all the progress. Just wondering if you can talk a little bit more about the consumer electronic device agreement with the social media company. I mean, do you guys see that being a high-volume agreement?

Yeah. Hey, Kevin. Good morning. This is Learn. So of that particular agreement, it's a device agreement, and it's licensed on video access and Wi-Fi. So it's actually not a huge volume agreement, neither does it apply on the service side. So that's as far as I can see on that agreement.

Okay. Got it. That makes sense. And then just, you know, looking at a litigation question, I mean, what – I know you guys had, as you said, a strong start to 2025 positives on Disney and you're working on Amazon. I mean, what do you guys kind of see are the biggest threats on the litigation front? Is it really just kind of the budgets that Disney and Amazon have?

Can you clarify by threat, do you mean threat to us?

I guess just threat to, you know, potentially them not not signing or the court case is not going your way. Got you.

Yeah, hey, Kevin. As I mentioned earlier, we are being very careful in terms of our radiation strategy. We always prefer negotiation for deal-making. However, on both cases here, after, frankly, lengthy negotiations, we decided the right thing to do is for us to enforce our patent right. But you can also probably tell in our disclosures here, it's a multi-jurisdictional enforcement campaign. In either case, we are asserting more than a dozen different patents, even though there's potential risk for each patent litigation. I mean, any litigation carries its own inherent risk. But our patents are really high quality, and some of the patents have already been better tested regarding durability and other issues. So we are doing really, really well. And so therefore, our whole litigation campaign is not really dependent on We need every single patent assertions, but we feel very strong about the value of portfolio. We feel that the right thing for us to do is to get fairly compensated so we can keep on funding R&D. So that's our global enforcement campaign at the broader speaking. And you should know that in most of those cases, when we assert them, we ask both for past damages for the infringement as well as injunction if we win.

Okay, perfect. I appreciate the color. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Alinda Lee with William Blair.

Your line is open.

Thank you. With the focus on R&D, how should we think about M&A as part of the effort to expand and deepen the patent portfolio here?

Yeah. Hey, good morning, Alinda. This is Lawrence. Yes, so we take a pretty broad approach in our R&D investment. As I said in prior calls, we believe strongly we have one of the most advanced R&D engine in the industry. We have some of the best innovators led by our CTO Rajesh Pankaj, which is widely recognized as one of the most brilliant mining in our industry. But having said that, though, we are also having the luxury of having resources, having the industry reputation that we can engage leading companies like DeepRender, and it allows us to fill certain gaps in our research, and frankly, allows us to accelerate some areas that we are quite strong already. So we are pretty open-minded, and we have a fairly broad funnel. We are considering them, you know, as they come.

Yep, that makes sense. And then from the litigation for streaming services, that side of it, is there anything that's fundamentally different from a litigation perspective as compared to the litigations with the smartphones and also the Cs and IOTs?

Yeah. Hey, that's a great question. So as I said earlier, we always prefer bilateral negotiations. And I'll see one of the differences in the smartphone industry. We have been licensing for multiple decades, and we have some of the longest relationship, as I said earlier, including the Samsung relationship that goes all the way to 1990s. On the streaming platform side, this is a relatively new industry for us. Even though our fundamental technology have been used by those vendors for many, many years now, But it does take a bit extra time for us to demonstrate the strength of our portfolio to convince them this would be a fair price. So I'll say we are on the early stage of the industry. So therefore, that's where I see the customer engagement takes a bit extra time.

Got it. That makes sense. Thank you so much. Thank you, everyone.

And that concludes our Q&A session for today. I will now turn the call over back to Liren Shen, InterDigital's CEO, for the closing remarks. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Gail. Before we close, I'd like to thank our employees for their dedication and contributions to InterDigital, as well as our many partners and licensees for a very strong quarter and a record-breaking 2025. Thank you to everyone who joins today's call, and we look forward to updating you on our progress next quarter.

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining, and you may now disconnect.

Have a nice day ahead, everyone, and keep safe always. Thank you.