Intel Corporation

Welcome to Intel Corporation's first quarter 2023 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during this session, you'll need to press star 1-1 on your telephone. If you wish to remove yourself from the queue, simply press star 1-1 again. As a reminder, today's program is being recorded. And now I'd like to introduce your host for today's program, Mr. John Pitzer, Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Jonathan. By now, you should have received a copy of the Q1 earnings release and earnings presentation, both of which are available on our investor relations website, intc.com. For those joining us online today, the earnings presentation is also available in our webcast window. I'm joined today by our CEO, Pat Gelsinger, and our CFO, David Zinsner. In a moment, we will hear brief comments from both, followed by a Q&A session. Before we begin, please note that today's discussion does contain forward-looking statements based on the environment as we currently see it, and as such, are subject to various risks and uncertainties. It also contains references to non-GAAP financial measures that we believe provide useful information to our investors. Our earnings release, most recent annual report in Form 10-K, and other filings with the SEC provide more information on the specific risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. They also provide additional information on our non-GAAP financial measures, including reconciliations where appropriate to the corresponding GAAP financial measures. With that, let me turn things over to Pat.

Thank you, John, and good afternoon, everyone. We delivered solid first quarter results on both the top and bottom line. Upside was driven by better than expected revenue and very disciplined expense management across our organization. The latter is not easy, and I want to thank the entire Intel team as we thoughtfully execute on cost reductions and efficiency improvements that support the investments critical to drive our strategy. Q1 results demonstrate the progress we are making to advance our transformation and the IDM 2.0 strategy. We still have more work to do as we reestablish process, product, and cost leadership, but we continue to provide proof points each quarter, and we remain committed to delivering long-term value for all our shareholders. Consistent with prior quarters, I'd like to focus my comments in three areas. One, our view of the macro and our markets. Two, key highlights from Q1. And three, an update on our strategic priorities with a focus on our move to an internal foundry model. As the industry continues to navigate through multiple global challenges and headwinds, we remain cautious on the macro outlook, even as we expect some modest recovery in the second half. We are seeing increasing stability in the PC market with inventory corrections largely proceeding as we had expected. However, the server and networking markets have yet to reach their bottoms as cloud and enterprise remain weak. As a result, our Q2 revenue guide embeds continued inventory corrections in our core markets and a range of normal seasonal to better than seasonal growth off depressed Q1 revenue levels. We remain focused on what is within our control and steadfast in our commitment to advancing our strategy. As we anticipated on our Q4 earnings call, the PC market depleted a significant amount of inventory in Q1 and is tracking to be at a healthy level by the end of Q2. Importantly, the PC install base is larger and usage remains well above pre-pandemic levels. And along with a better than expected Q1, strengthens our view that the PC market is on track to a sell-through of 270 million units in calendar year 23. As we highlighted during our PC webinar in January, strong usage, an installed base which is roughly 10% higher than pre-COVID levels, and what we see as a conservative refresh rate supports a longer-term PC TAM of 300 million units, plus or minus. In servers, Q1 consumption TAM declined. Both sequentially and year over year at an accelerated rate and we still expect to see first half 23 TAM decline year on year with a modest recovery in second half of the year. While all segments have weakened, we'd reiterate that the correction in enterprise and rest of world where we have stronger positions is further along and will likely recover more quickly. Lastly, in our broad-based markets like industrial, auto, and infrastructure, demand trends are relatively stronger, although as anticipated, NEX did see a Q1 inventory correction that we expect will continue for the next couple of quarters and likely will cause NEX revenue to decline this year. In contrast, PSG, IFS, and Mobileye continue on a strong growth trajectory, and we see the collection of these businesses in total growing year-on-year in calendar year 23, much better than third-party expectations for a mid-single-digits decline in the semiconductor market ex-memory. While the semiconductor industry is cyclical by nature, we continue to accelerate our transformation and position ourselves to capture the significant market growth in semis expected over the next decade, nearly doubling to more than 1 trillion by 2030. Combined with the need for globally balanced and resilient supply chains in a foundry market expected to be roughly 200 billion by 2030, we are well positioned to capitalize on multiple vectors of growth. On that front, let me highlight some key milestones from Q1. We are relentlessly focused on driving execution excellence across process and product roadmaps and throughout the company, including a rigorous focus on efficiency and cost savings. Looking first at the progress we are making with our process roadmap, we remain on track to regain transistor performance and power performance leadership by 2025. Relative to five nodes in four years, notably, two out of these five nodes, Intel 7 and Intel 4, are now essentially done. Intel 7 is in high-volume manufacturing, and Meteor Lake on Intel 4 is ramping production wafer starts today for a second-half product launch. We are quickly mastering EUV technology with Intel 4 as our first EUV node. As we focus on the next three nodes, Intel 3 is on track, and we highlighted in our recent DCAI webinar, Sierra Forest will begin shipping in first half of 2024, with Granite Rapids shortly thereafter, both on Intel 3. We also have significant milestones planned in Q2 for Intel 3, Intel 20A, and Intel 18A. I look forward to providing more details as we execute. Overall, we are squarely on track to deliver five nodes in four years. We understand that our foundry ambitions will not be realized overnight. Building a vibrant foundry ecosystem will take time, but we also understand our foundry success is vitally important to us establishing a geographically diverse and secure supply of semiconductors. We took a major step forward in building our ecosystem this month when we announced a multi-generation agreement with Arm Holdings. This will enable chip designers to build leading-edge mobile SOC designs on Intel 18A, giving the design community a new foundry alternative for product innovation and a fast time to market, while also opening up new options and approaches for a large ecosystem of ARM customers. We look forward to providing access to best-in-class CPU IP and the power of an open system system foundry with leading-edge process technology. Finally, as part of my recent trip to China, we continue to work hard to complete the tower acquisition and we'll update you appropriately. In our webinar last month, we provided a substantial update on our data center and AI business, highlighting the progress and health of our roadmap. Sapphire Rapids, our fourth gen Xeon, is one of the highest quality data center CPUs Intel has ever delivered. Service providers signaled readiness for Intel TDX instances, including Alibaba Cloud, with Microsoft announcing their preview on Azure and Google releasing joint research conducted pre-launch to further harden TDX in complex environments. Emerald Rapids, our fifth-gen Xeon Scalable, is already sampling with customers and is on track to launch in Q4 23. As stated earlier, Sierra Forest, our lead vehicle for Intel 3, will begin shipping in first half 24, with Granite Rapids shortly thereafter. both of which are receiving very positive responses from sampled customers. Sierra Forest is our first eCore server CPU, which will provide competitive performance per watt across workloads and leadership across many with all of the benefits of the x86 ecosystem. Clearwater Forest, which is the follow-on to Sierra Forest, is coming to market in 2025 and will be manufactured on Intel 18A, the node where we intend to achieve process leadership and representing the culmination of our five nodes in four years strategy. The combination of our roadmap strengthening as we highlighted in our webinar, better than expected Q1 market share results, and great execution on the Xeon Gen4 ramp, Q1 was a turning point as the first quarter of an improving data center position since I became CEO. Further in Q1, we taped in the Hibana Gaudi 3 AI accelerator, and the Hibana Gaudi 2 is in the market and offering substantial performance advantage over A100 in training and inferencing vision and language models. For example, Gaudi 2 delivers 60% higher power efficiency measured in throughput per watt for inferencing large language models such as Bloom 176 billion parameter model. Along with fourth-gen Xeon and Xeon Max, Gaudi enables us to address the accelerating growth in AI. Recent endorsements by Hugging Face and Stability AI are strong proof points of the validation in our AI roadmap and strategy. Our strategy is to truly democratize the incredible power of AI championing an open ecosystem with a full suite of silicon and software IP to drive AI from cloud to enterprise, network, edge and client across training and inference in both discrete and integrated solutions. Our one API now includes the open and royalty-free C++-based programming model, SYCL, which is critical to driving collaboration and innovation.

As developers want the ability

The FPGA portfolio now includes more than 15 new products scheduled to PRQ this calendar year, the highest number of new product introductions ever in our FPGA business. PSG is also piloting an initiative to build a more resilient supply chain, by which customers would provide Intel with enhanced enhanced demand, and new design visibility, while Intel provides customers with greater predictability of supply, leveraging the benefits of transitioning a great percentage of PSG products to an Intel supply chain. Our client computing business continues to execute on this roadmap and build on recent market share wins we gained overall pc market share in q1 and expect our competitive position to continue to improve as we ramp meteor lake production in q2 for a launch in second half in q1 we introduced our 13th gen intel core or mobile processor followed by our new vpro platform powered by the full lineup of 13-gen Intel Core processors. Intel vPro delivers the most comprehensive security and the necessary hardware for companies in the need of a PC refresh and increased productivity. In 2023, our expansive commercial portfolio will deliver more than 170 notebooks, desktops, and entry workstations from technology providers such as Acer, Asus, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Fujitsu, Panasonic, and Samsung Electronics. Turning to NEX and Mobileye, at Mobile World Congress, we demonstrated that nearly all VRAN and virtualized network core deployments run on Intel. We also introduced a range of products and solutions that enable the world's networks from the core to the radio access network and out to the intelligent edge to transition from fixed function hardware to open programmable software-defined platforms. Highlights include the launch of our fourth-gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors with Intel vRAN Boost, delivering two times the capacity gains gen-over-gen within the same power envelope and up to an additional 20% power savings with integrated acceleration, and with extensive industry support from Ericsson, Verizon, Telefonica, and Vodafone, among many others. In particular, Ericsson has been working closely with us to enable the cloudification of the network, making possible industry-scale open RAN. Lastly, Mobileye continues to be an important part of the Intel family and delivered strong growth and profitability in Q1. They continued to gain significant traction with customers for their advanced product portfolio, and we remember We remain very confident in the long-term growth profile and value of the mobile IB business.

In addition to our process and product roadmap, we continue to make progress

few minutes on cost leadership. Last month, I had the opportunity to meet with some of you on the East Coast, and while everyone understands that we are establishing an internal foundry model, I'm not sure we have fully explained the importance and impact of this change. Giving the manufacturing group their own P&L and the BU's a standard way for price will drive a more efficient factory network and a better decision on design. designed to cost at the BU level. It will also serve to create parity between internal and external foundry customers and drive a more efficient manufacturing cost structure needed to compete and win external foundry customers. With a separate P&L for the manufacturing group, we will also provide you with a cleaner comparison of be used to their external famless peers. As we stated on our Q3 earnings call, we believe the structure should allow us to access and execute on multiple pools of profit that are unique to an IDM, which none of our peers have. Establishing an internal foundry model is one of the most consequential steps we are taking to deliver IDM 2.0 and fundamentally shifts the way the company operates and the incentive mechanisms that drive day-to-day behaviors. We look forward to discussing this in more detail during our internal Foundry webinar in Q2. Intel 16, Intel 3, and Intel 18A this year. As we improve our cost structure and drive operational efficiency, we will first return to profitability. Second, execute on our internal foundry P&L by 2024. And third, expand the use of our smart capital strategy to balance our long-term capital aspirations with near term realities we are steadfast in our commitment to continue to effectively allocate your capital in the pursuit of creating value for all all of our stakeholders. Before I turn it over to Dave, I'd like to take a moment to honor and pay tribute to the life of Gordon Moore, who passed away on March 24th. Gordon defined and enabled the technology industry through his insight and vision. He was instrumental in revealing the power of transistors and inspired technologists and entrepreneurs across the decades. i am forever grateful for his guiding hand willingness to mentor me and his unwavering friendship gordon famously said what can be done can be outdone This is our guiding principle as stewards of Moore's Law, which we intend to enable and drive until the periodic table is exhausted as we use the power of technology to improve the lives of every person on Earth. Intel will hold a memorial service to honor the life and accomplishments of Gordon, and we will share more details on this shortly.

Thank you, Pat, and good afternoon, everyone. We drove solid business execution in the first quarter, beating guidance on both the top and bottom line. Against the backdrop of persistent macroeconomic volatility, we will continue to prioritize investments critical to our IDM 2.0 transformation, prudently and aggressively manage expenses near term, and drive fundamental improvements to our cost structure long term. First quarter revenue was $11.7 billion, $700 million above the midpoint of our guide. Results from CCG, DCAI, IFS, and Mobileye exceeded our expectations, partially offset by softer demand in the network and edge markets impacting NEX revenue in the quarter. Gross margin was 38.4%, modest below our guidance on higher than expected inventory reserves tied to continued macro uncertainty. Q1 margins were impacted 300 basis points by factory underload charges taken in the period. EPS was negative 4 cents for the quarter, 11 cents better than guide, demonstrating our cross-company focus on spending discipline. Operating cash flow in Q1 was negative $1.8 billion. Net capex was $7 billion, resulting in an adjusted free cash flow of negative $8.8 billion, and we paid dividends of $1.5 billion. Our balance sheet remains strong with cash and investment balances of more than $27 billion and a strong investment grade profile. Before moving to business unit results, I will highlight a few changes made within our segment reporting. The client and data center focused products from the former AXG business are now reported within our CCG and DCAI segments, respectively, and will have a dilutive effect on the operating margins of those businesses. Our silicon photonics and foundry automotive businesses have moved out of NEX and IFS, respectively, and are now reported as part of all other revenue.

Sharpening our focus on the significant market opportunity

flat sequentially despite revenue declining 13% from Q4, and down year-over-year on lower revenue, higher unit costs, and excess capacity charges partially offset by reduced OPEX. DCAI revenue was $3.7 billion, ahead of our expectations in Xeon, PSG, and AXG lines of business. significant sequential and year-over-year TAM contraction across all CPU market segments and expect demand to remain soft in the second quarter. We saw stable CPU market share in Q1 and are excited by the broad market ramp of our fourth-generation Xeon scalable processor, Sapphire Rapids. Operating loss was $518 million, impacted sequentially by lower revenue, higher product costs, and investment in leadership products on new process nodes. DCAI margins were also diluted by the merge of the AXG business and inventory reserves tied to the exit of our server system business. Within our DCAI business, the Programmable Solutions Group delivered record revenue for the second consecutive quarter in Q1, up 36% year-over-year, with increased ASPs and improved external supply, which enables us to satisfy customer backlog, helping to drive continued operating profit growth. NEX revenue was $1.5 billion below our expectations for the quarter, driven by demand softness and elevated inventory levels in our network and edge markets, consistent with the overall industry. Operating loss was $300 million, impacted sequentially by depressed revenue in the quarter and inventory reserves, partially offset by continued expense management and discipline. Mobileye continues to outperform underlying automotive end markets, delivering record first quarter revenue of $458 million, up 16% year-over-year, along with a 6% year-over-year increase in content per vehicle. Profitability continues to be strong, with Q1 operating income of $123 million. IFS revenue was $118 million, including 67% sequential growth in packaging revenue. Operating loss was $140 million, impacted sequentially by increased factory startup costs as we invest in this strategic growth business. We're well on our way towards our committed $3 billion of spending reductions in 2023 on our path to $8 to $10 billion of reductions exiting 2025, which will exclude benefits from the change in equipment useful life. As demonstrated by our Q1 results, focused investment prioritization and spending discipline have our OPEX reductions trending ahead of expectation, while revenue-adjusted cost of sales reductions reductions face headwinds from factory underload charges and inventory reserves due to continued demand uncertainty. As Pat highlighted, our shift to an internal foundry model is already demonstrating a path to the structural cost improvements necessary to achieve our long-term profit goals. We've seen early wins with a reduction in disruptive factory expedites and increased focus on sort and test times. We look forward to unpacking the financial and operational benefits of our internal foundry model in much more detail in our investor webinar later in the quarter. Now turning to Q2 guidance.

We expect second quarter revenue of 11.5 billion dollars

We're forecasting Q2 gross margin of 37.5%, a tax rate of 13%, and EPS of negative 4 cents at the midpoint of revenue guidance. Factory underload charges are projected to impact Q2 gross margins by approximately 300 basis points. While gross margins are well below acceptable levels, I'd highlight inventory reserves on pre-PRQ products impact Q2 Q2 margins by approximately 250 basis points, costs which should begin to unwind later this year as new products launch. Increased sample costs in support of our Xeon product roadmap will impact margins by 40 basis points sequentially. Our Q2 guidance includes an approximately $500 million benefit to operating margin from the useful life accounting change we announced in January, split approximately 80% to cost of sales. 20% to OPEX, up from $460 million in Q1. It's important to remember that this is a fixed cost business. The impact of underloaded factories goes beyond the period charges we're seeing in the first half of the year and will be felt for several quarters as we sell through products with higher average unit costs. continue to deploy factory capacity prudently as we operate within our smart capital framework as communicated last quarter we expect to manage net capex intensity in the low 30 percent of revenue range in 2023 with capital offsets of approximately 20 to 30 percent of gross capex consistent with smart capital IFS capacity represents approximately 10% of 2023 gross capital, a number which will scale in line with Foundry customer commitments. With gross CapEx weighted to first half and capital offsets weighted to second half, we expect adjusted free cash flow to improve sequentially throughout the year and to be positive in second half of 2023. While we're encouraged by first quarter revenue and expect growth to improve sequentially through 2023, we're not satisfied with our financial results and remain focused on what we can control, our execution and the prioritization of our owner's capital toward our long-term goals. We're confident that as we deliver on our roadmap commitments, we will meet and exceed our customers' expectations for our products and our owners' expectations for strong revenue growth and free cash flow generation. With that, let me turn the call back over to John.

Thank you, Dave. We will now move into the Q&A portion of our call. As a reminder, we will ask each of you to ask one question and a brief follow-up question where applicable. With that, Jonathan, can we please take the first question?

Certainly. Our first question comes from the line of Timothy Curry from QBS. Your question, please.

Thanks a lot. Dave, I wonder if you can go through the gross margin walk kind of through the rest of the year. There's a lot of moving parts. I know you have the underutilization of 300 basis points, and it sounds like you also have another 200 basis points you highlighted from these pre-PRQ reports. costs so you're sort of you know normalized at 43 x those two things but there's a couple of offsets too you got puts and takes around you know higher die costs from these new products like you know meteor and sapphire so can you sort of give us a walk in terms of what the puts and takes are when you you know move past june thanks

Yeah, sure, Tim, let me give you a little color. So on the 250 basis points that you correctly highlight that are the pre-PRQ reserves, the benefit of that is as we go into the back half of the year, you know, that's related to Meteor Lake and Emerald, and as those ship A lot of that reverses. In fact, in essence, we end up shipping it at 100% gross margin. So that becomes a tailwind. And then we do expect, as things improve from a demand perspective that, you know, we will start to load the fab back up. The only, I guess, cautionary comment is that we, you know, still have underloaded costs that kind of are built into the cost of our product that are held in inventory. And so, you know, it does take a few quarters even beyond the time where we start to stop seeing these period costs of underutilization that we'll start to still see some cost headwinds, you know,

platforms in, you know, two and a half years. I understand that some are E-Core and some are P-Core, but usually customers want to leverage their investments in these platforms for, you know, a longer time than that. So could that be some impediment to, you know, how quickly these, you know, platforms could ramp? Can you kind of, you know, talk about that? Thanks.

Yeah, it's a great question, Tim. And what I'd highlight is that Sapphire and Emerald, Gen 4 and Gen 5, are the same platform. So from the customer's perspective, they get to leverage those platform investments in a substantial way. Similarly, as we go into next year with Sierra Forest and Granite Rapids, that's once again the same platform. And Clearwater Forest, the following year that we disclosed in the data center webinar for 25 also goes into that same platform. So essentially, even though it's five products that we've discussed, it's two platforms and that ability to leverage that platform across a broader market space. is very warmly received by our customers. And obviously, as we're working through this period to get back to solid leadership, we're getting increasing momentum from our customers. And as I highlighted in my presentation, prepared remarks. You know, this was a good quarter for our data center business, a very healthy roadmap. We did better than we forecast in Q1 market share, on track for the Sapphire Rapids ramp. And overall, you know, being able to see these new use cases for AI inferencing in the platform, being able to deploy the increasing security capabilities that we disclosed all of these you know are very unique feature capabilities that are both differentiating as well as value add for our customers that helps them to see the value in the underlying platforms that we're delivering so very good quarter you know thanks for the question tim thank you tim jonathan can we have the next question please

Certainly. Our next question comes from the line of CJ Muse from Evercore ISI. Your question, please.

Yeah, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question. You've talked about PC CPU inventory normalizing exiting the June quarter. Can you give us a sense of by how much you are undershipping in demand today? How do you think about the snapback? And can you talk about the timing of planned raising of utilization, at least for your CCG business?

Yeah, so I'll start on that, and Dave can jump in. Generally, we think that we undersold into the market by about 20% in Q1, and that continues in Q2. And overall, we said a 270 million unit sell through TAM for the year. That equates, it's essentially equivalent to the 240 or 250 million unit sell in TAM that you might have seen from some of the industry analysts. So overall, you know, we think first half, you know, we end the first half with a very healthy inventory position by ROEMs and by the channel. You know, that positions us very well for, you know, natural improvement in a stronger second half as we're now, you know, selling, I'll say, in at the same rate of selling out in the marketplace in a normally stronger back half of the year. Overall, this is just going to be a positive every quarter as we go through the year. We're seeing strong momentum from our customers for our roadmap. And as Dave indicated, we're already starting to build inventory for the Meteor Lake launch later in the year, which is another strong indication. Dave, if you want to comment on the inventory, comment.

Yeah, so we have about 155 days of inventory aggregate in the aggregate on the balance sheet. Obviously, as we get through the inventory depletion at customers and we start to normalize back up to the level of end consumption, we'll start to burn through that inventory, and you can expect us to start ramping the factories. I don't think we'll be fully ramped, by the end of the year, but we certainly will be improving the ramp through the year.

Cesar, do you have a follow-up question?

Yeah, a quick one. Pat, in your prepared remarks, you talked about positive feedback from test chips at your customers for Sierra and Granite. Curious if you can share any of that feedback that you're hearing to give us confidence on that ramp.

Yeah, and I'd say generally the feedback is, wow, right? You guys are delivering at the front end of your schedule windows that you gave us with a very high-quality product, and they're now into their what we call the volume validation phase of their platforms, so where they're receiving enough samples that they can start to do broad validation of the platform. That validation cycle is very critical for us because it informs us of when we're ready to move forward with the production steppings of those parts in both the software and the firmware of the platform. We're seeing very good response of both the first E-Core part with Sierra Forest, as well as the next generation P Corp part with Granite Rapids. So overall, I just say we feel super good that we're getting such a warm response from customers. And this positions us very well as they're rebuilding their confidence in Intel. And you've heard me talk before, CJ, that we have to rebuild our customers' confidence and the performance that we're seeing, not just on Sapphire Rapids, Emerald Rapids Gen 5, but next year's products and the very strong position for the ecore products going into 2025 with clear water forest has been a strong uptick in their belief that intel's execution machine is back for their data so specifically cloud is doing competitively yeah thank you and you know clearly there you know was a down quarter for enterprise and for cloud. We do see that affecting at least the first half of the year. That said, we're encouraged by some of the comments that you've heard and that you refer to for the overall market. We do see that our position is improving. As I indicated in Q1, we saw a better-than-forecast market segment share. We also saw some green shoots for the first time in China, and we're encouraged by that market starting to show some positive characteristics. We'd also say that some of that strength in China data centers driven by AI, and we're seeing a very positive response to Gaudi 2 and seeing our pipeline growing very rapidly for that product line. We also saw that as a driver of the early strong ramp for Gen 4 or Sapphire Rapids. Those taken together, we do believe that's an important trend. But we also, as you said in my prepared remarks, we see that we need to make AI, and that is a critical use case, broadly available. And that's what we refer to as democratizing AI, where those super high-end machines are uneconomical for most environments, and we have to enable the broad deployment of inferencing, being able to use AI, And that's an area where particularly our core Zeon product line has particular strengths well above prior generations and competitive alternatives and one that we expect to be an area of strength for us long term.

Ross, do you have a follow up?

I do. I just wanted to go back and revisit the gross margin side. So one for Dave. The underutilization charges, is there some trigger point at which revenue-wise, I guess, we should expect that to go away? Because obviously that's the 300 basis point headwind, two quarters in a row of that. And then the pre-PRQ side of things, given the frequency of new product introductions that was alluded to in a prior question, it doesn't seem like those would necessarily go away that fast, or if they do for a quarter or two, they would come back. So can you just walk us through some of the puts and On those underutilization charges and pre-PRQs, please.

Yeah, okay. So on the pre-PRQ, you're right, you know, and it always is lumpy. We saw this effect, you know, midway through last year with Sapphire Rapids. And so, you know, we will have these on occasion. But we think for the second half of the year, for sure, you know, we won't see anything. This magnitude of pre-PRQ reserves is a pretty significant quarter for us in the second quarter. On the underloading charges, I think partially it's about revenue, but partially it's about our inventory levels and where they are. So we obviously need to bring the inventory levels down from the 155 days. That's going to be important. I think I would just say that, hey, in the third and fourth quarter, I would expect to see an improving situation in terms of under loads and likely, you know, You know, that will be behind us by the time we're through the end of the year, just on the period cost under load charges. We might be living with some higher cost per unit for a couple quarters after that, you know, because of under load that we built into the cost of the products. But, you know, ultimately, we'll have this factory or the factory network loaded back up.

Thanks for us. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please?

Certainly. And our next question comes from the line of Matt Ramsey from Cowan. Your question, please.

Yes, thank you very much. Good afternoon, guys. Pat, the first question I wanted to ask is on sort of the node roadmap. You guys have made some good progress there and we're working through some end market and near-term product dynamics, but focusing on the five nodes in four years, I know there's some internal nodes that are being developed as well around backside Power Via and also gate all around. So maybe you could give a little bit of an update as to how those roadmaps are going on those two pieces of technology individually. And I guess the second part of the question, if you do succeed in getting to node parity and then node leadership as you described, can you talk about a path to cost parity? for internal and external potential customers on 18A. Thanks.

Yeah, yeah, great question, Matt. And, you know, as I indicated, you know, the five nodes in four years, Intel 7, done. Intel 4 with the Meteor Lake volume ramp, we view that as all but done, right? You know, we are, you know, essentially the process is PRQ'd and now we're ramping the product, which will PRQ later in the year. So, We feel like we're two of five are now completed. Obviously, the next one up is Intel 3. And with Intel 3, you know, the positive updates that we've given on Granite and Sierra Forest for next year, you know, the volume sampling that I've already referred to gives us a lot of confidence that that is now coming along very nicely. Both Intel 4 and Intel 3 are EUV updates. As you say, as we go to 20A and 18A, the two major innovations are the ribbon FET, the gate all-around transistor architecture, and the backside power. Given the uniqueness of the backside power, as you indicate, we had an internal know that we didn't expose to products or externally to de-risk that node and that went extremely well. We had very good results from the backside power, the power delivery, the routability improvements that that gave. And as one proof point of that, the ARM announcement was one that demonstrated significant benefits of backside power that we were able to do. 20A and 18A are the next ones up. 20A will be primarily a client node as we ramp our Arrow Lake products in 24. 25, 18A will be everything. We will have server products, client products, networking products, and many foundry products available. We also noted that this was the quarter that we have our first foundry test chips coming out. And so some of the test chips for external customers on 18A are now popping out of fab and being tested by them. So good affirmation from them. Also mentioned, I think it's actually a very insightful question, Matt, you know, the cost structure. And one of the things that we've put a lot of emphasis on with 18A is getting to structural cost parity with what we believe is the best industry price for wafers is understood. And we have to benchmark ourselves against that and deliver margin structure at the wafer level that's competitive with that.

Matt, do you have a quick follow-up?

Yeah, I do, John, and thank you, Pat, for all the detail there. My second question is on server roadmap, and you guys had a helpful DCI roadmap day a month or so ago. I guess my question is... Kind of relates to another question that was asked on platform compatibility. I think, Pat, you mentioned a few products on the roadmap, up until including Clearwater Forest being on the same sort of platform as Granite. There was another product that was on the public roadmap before, Diamond Rapids, for the next sort of P-Core product. Any... Update there, I just want to, it wasn't really mentioned in the DCAI day, and I've had a few folks asking me about it, and is it on the same platform? Thanks.

Yeah, and, you know, while we're not, you know, speaking a lot about that next generation product, that would be the introduction of the next generation platform at that point, you know, would be when we move to the next platform, you know, which will change package architecture. power delivery architecture, memory channel, key steps in memory scalability with our CXL technology. So that'll be a big step in terms of the platform architecture at that point. And I'll just say, every aspect of our roadmap is getting well received by our customers for both enterprise, but also and critically for cloud customers as well.

Thanks, Matt. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please?

Certainly. Our next question comes from the line of Pierre Faragu from New Street Research. Your question, please.

Hey, sorry. Is that for me, Pierre? Yes, Pierre.

How are you?

Yeah, sorry. Apologies. Very unlucky. The line gets right when you say my name. Thanks a lot for all the details on the gross margin. And taking a step back, I'm kind of thinking between now and the end of 2025, your gross margin is going to be very volatile and very difficult to read because you have a lot on your plate, a lot of costs coming in and out with all the values nodes. And so my question would be maybe looking at things from a much higher level, let's say we are around about 20 points below, you know, the historic margins of Intel being in a good competitive position. Some of that is clearly a scale issue. The business has shrunk a lot recently. And then some of that is really this very difficult 10 nanometer node where the cost per unit is significantly too high. And so my question really is, from what you know already from the nodes that you have coming up, like that is now very, very tangible for Intel 4, how much of this gap are you going to regain with this node really looking at it on the wafer against wafer without making that any sort of guide of what do you get in 2023 or 2024 or 2025. Forgetting about the roadmap, looking at it wafer against wafer, what order of magnitude of improvements in pricing power do you think you get or earnings power just because you now have a competitive cost base in your manufacturing?

Yeah. Maybe at a high level, Pierre, maybe the way to think about it is, look, one element of getting to the appropriate cost structure to deliver the margins is getting our process technology to be competitive. And, you know, that's really at 18A where we intersect that. So, you know, we make improvements along the way, but that's, you know, really where we make the meaningful improvement to get there from a process perspective. Now, the challenges all along the way, there's, you know, this kind of startup cost that we have to deal with, which is hundreds of basis points of headwind for us that we have by virtue of the fact that we're stacked on stacked. The five nodes in four years that Pat is driving is the right strategy, but it does create headwinds on the cost side. We've got to work our way through that, but once we're on the other side of five nodes in four years, we have a competitive process technology from a cost perspective. We've gotten ourselves this let's say, significantly higher startup cost that we are incurring behind us as well. And then, as you point out, you know, you have the benefits of the scale of revenue that we would expect. And then lastly, you have, you know, as Pat was talking about, this whole notion of the internal foundry model, which just drives a lot of attention on cost.

downs along the way when you know process nodes come online as you work through different product cycles etc you know but we'd say you know as dave said you know we're going from the 30s into the 40s comfortably this year you know we set a long-term model into the 50s, that if you consider the useful life, gets us up around 60 by the end of the five-year period, as we've talked about. So, you know, we're on track to, I'll say, you know, margins should be up and to the right as we work over time with lumpiness up and down due to these various considerations. But that's the path that we're laying ourselves upon.

Peter, do you have a quick follow-up question?

Yes, very quick one. Pat, you mentioned GERD and very positive benchmark on large language models. When I look around me, I don't see good tangible signs of Gaudi really gaining traction and getting big, despite the fact that the world today is really starving for more processing power and more capacity to run these models. So my question was, am I just not seeing something that will become apparent very, very soon? Or are there still like, you know, building blocks and paths and things that Gaudi is missing before really taking this very, very fast growing opportunity?

Yeah, I think it's a fair commentary that, you know, we're only starting to see good, positive proof points in the industry. So I think that's a fair critique up here. You know, but I point back to, you know, the announcement of the hugging face, you know, which is the most sort of like the GitHub of the AI world. Very positive proof point this quarter. Stable. diffusion, right, and stability AI, important forces. Also, my comments around a rapidly growing pipeline. Obviously, you can't measure that, but I'll tell you, we have many opportunities that we're now engaging in globally. You'll also see us taking more aggressive steps with our dev cloud, you know, presenting this as a developer environment for the market. So I think we have a lot of work to do here to show up in a meaningful way. But we think the Gaudi 2 strategy is now starting to gain quite a lot of interest in the market. As I said in my prepared remarks, Gaudi 3 has now taped out, which would be the next step up. Also, we're describing to customers our 2025 platform, the Falcon Shores product, which is another step up. That also brings together the full offering of our HPC and AI into a single platform offering. Customers are responding very well to the alignment and simplification of our roadmap and HPC and AI coming together. Overall, we feel like we're now starting to show up. in this space but we have a lot of work to do to to land meaningful revenue customers in this area and i'm hopeful that we'll be able to put some clear proof points that you can start to see in the marketplace in the near future thanks pierre jonathan can we have the next question please certainly our next question comes from the line of vivek aria from bank of america your question please thanks for taking my questions i had a near term and then a longer term one so on the near term

How should we think about the second half? You know, right now, when I look at consensus expectations, they are set for about 15 to 20% half-on-half growth. I appreciate you're not giving guidance, but is that the kind of growth that is contemplated or reflected in the return to the low 40s gross margin?

Yeah, I think what Pat said is we thought things would be modestly better in the second half of the year, and that combined with the fact that pre-PRQ reserves reversed themselves, we'll probably see some better utilization levels. That's what gives us the confidence of comfortably in the 40s, and we're not providing any specific revenue guidance on the second half.

But I'd say there's three things to just think about for the second half. One is that. So you normally have a stronger second half in our industry. We expect that to be the case. You know, second is we'll have worked through a lot of the inventory issues as you go first half to second half. And we are seeing some green shoots in the marketplace. You know, we think it's a tough market for all. Right. And we're navigating through it well, as seen by our top and bottom line beat in Q1. You know, but. But hey, it's a tough market out there, so we're still being fairly cautious as we look out over time. And then third, obviously, our strengthening execution. Our roadmap's getting stronger. We're gaining market share, and I think of our Q1 as a solid proof point that we're navigating through the tough environment that we have in a better way than most. So we are incrementally more positive on the second half, but we also believe we have to continue careful execution, careful fiscal discipline as we go through a very uncertain macro outlook.

Vivek, do you have a follow-up?

Yeah. Thank you, John. So, Pat, my longer-term question is, how do you see the role of ARM in the server CPU market? You know, it's interesting you're starting to partner with Ampere on ARM servers. I presume that implies a more credible ecosystem developing for ARM servers. I believe it's already around, you know, a single digit or so as part of cloud instances. So, how do you see the role of ARM servers

indicated that it's first focused on mobile, where ARM has proven considerable strength across the market. I'd also say that, you know, we think of the market in the future of, you know, four architectures matter, you know, ARM, RISC-V, x86, right, you know, playing a critical role, and the role of accelerators and GPU, right, and we'll We'll be participating across all of those, whether that's through Foundry or through our product offerings. You know, I've continued to view that if we're doing a great job with our roadmap, that the role of ARM and the data center will be limited, right? particularly with the E-Core product line that we've now laid out with Sierra Forest, Clearwater Forest, and strong products coming thereafter. We believe that we now deliver power performance TCO benefit at x86. Migrating software stacks in the data center is a lot of work. And if I give customers an easy path with x86 and eCore solutions with superior TCO alternatives, that will do very well. So with that, that's our primary play. At the same time, our foundry play will become one-come-all. We will manufacture any of the RISC-V, ARM, x86, and GPU alternatives for the industry through our superior capabilities and our foundry offerings over time. We view this as an industry play of great significance and one that we're committed to competing for leadership wafers across every architecture, every segment of the industry.

Thanks, Vivek. Jonathan, we have time for one last question, please.

Certainly. And our final question for today comes from the line of Joseph Moore from Morgan Stanley. Your question, please.

Great. Thank you. I wonder if you could talk about the CapEx. You mentioned 10% going to Foundry. Can you talk about, you know, I still get kind of a gross CapEx number that's north of $20 billion. Does that seem like it's in the ballpark? And are you So spending that money more on shells and capacity or how much of that money gets allocated to, you know, the five nodes in four years?

Yeah. Gross would be north of $20 billion. You know, we think, as I mentioned, that we can keep net capex intensity in kind of the low 30s as a percent of revenue, which is, you know, kind of within our model actually a little bit better than what we modeled during the capital intensity. phase of our transformation. As it relates to the split, certainly there's a lot of CapEx going to equipment, there's a lot of CapEx going to shells. We're probably a little bit more uh you know bias towards shell investment right now um you know we had been in the past behind and you know that caught us and you know these are obviously the very long lead time type investments and so you want to be make sure you have a shell when you need it and so we have biased ourselves to do that and to make the investments that are appropriate uh in that regard And as you point out, as I said, it's largely around our own needs. We are making some modest investments on the foundry side right now as we start to gain traction on the customer front. And as we get more customers, we'll ramp that investment as appropriate. Joe, do you have a quick follow-up?

I do, yeah. Thank you for that. In terms of the sort of capital offsets that you've gotten as 20 to 30%. And, you know, is there is there the opportunity for that number to be better? For example, with the CHIPS Act, as the grant money starts to get dispersed, or you've talked about additional yields, deals like Brookfield, like, I guess, are you contemplating within that number, potential future improvement? Or does that number get better, we start to see benefit from those things?

I mean, this is our current outlook is somewhere in the 20 to 30 percent. It obviously can get better. It assumes that we will have another skip by the end of the year. and some government incentives. But obviously, I've got the CEO out there managing the offsets. And so I think there's certainly opportunity to see upside, if not this year, next year. And keep in mind, next year, we'll also have the benefit of the investment tax credit coming in at that point, which will obviously be helpful.

Yeah, and I would just add on top of that that, you know, this is something we're working, you know, we're engaging right now with the Department of Commerce and working through our grant applications in that area. You know, we have modeled a certain level in the guidelines that Dave said. Obviously, we're going to be working to do better than that in this regard. And, you know, fundamentally, the CHIPS Act is all about, you know, making U.S. manufacturing competitive in the world. And that's the focus that we have and the intent of Congress as was laid out. And we hope to get those done as quickly as possible. We also had a major milestone with the EU CHIPS Act passing Parliament last week. And we continue to work on on that front, and obviously skip an investment tax credit. We're working to make our capital intensity and efficiency to be a great opportunity for us to bring shareholder returns in a meaningful way. so with that let me just wrap up our time together you know first let me say thank you you know we're grateful that you to join us you know we're grateful that we have the opportunity to give you an update on our business and the progress that we're making you know while the macro is challenging uh you know and plenty of headwinds out there we also believe that uh you know our execution on our financials you know a beat on top and bottom line great execution on our process and product roadmaps And here we are, two years into my tenure, and the journey to date has had some unexpected bumps in the road. We're also beginning to see clear points that increase my confidence that we have the right strategy, the right team, and we are executing on this transformation. And we look forward to updating you throughout the quarter and our next call together. So thank you all so much.

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Good day.