ImmunoPrecise Antibodies Ltd.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for joining us today for IPA's earnings call covering the first quarter of fiscal year 2024. I am Julianne, and I have the privilege of hosting this call. Before we commence, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that our discussion today may include forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from what we express or imply. We strongly encourage you to review our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for a comprehensive discussion of these risks and uncertainties. IPA remains committed to complying with legal requirements and will update forward-looking statements only as mandated by law. During today's conference call, as well as in the accompanying presentation slides, we will be employing non-GAAP financial measures to assist investors and analysts in comprehending IPA's business performance. Adjusted EBITDA, in particular, allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in our business over different periods. For a detailed explanation and reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures, please refer to management's discussion and analysis section of our filings on EDGAR and CDAR. Now, without further ado, I would like to pass the floor over to IPA's CEO, Dr. Jennifer Bath, who will provide an overview of our quarterly results.

Great. Thank you, Julianne. And good morning, everyone. I'd like to extend a heartfelt welcome to all of you for joining us this morning on our earnings call. Your time and your interest, as always, in immunoprecise antibodies is deeply valued. The past two quarters have posed significant challenges for our company, our management, and our investors. Despite these hurdles, we have initiated transformative changes that will be pivotal in driving our growth. These aren't merely temporary adjustments, they mark profound resurgence as we evolve to be more resilient with a unified strategy. The unwavering strengths and support from our diverse and expanding team have chartered a renewed path for IPA. This direction is as defining to our legacy as the inception of our BSEL platform, our strategic acquisitions, and our transition to the NASDAQ global market. As we turn the page on a significant chapter in IPA's history, we are poised to embark on a unified vision of modernization, technological transformation, and unwavering commitment to excellence. We are elated to announce the esteemed edition of Chris Busey, Dr. Barry Springer, and Dirk Witters to our board of directors as of September 5th. Chris Busey, renowned for his pivotal roles in companies like Inventiva, Helorus Pharmaceuticals, brings a wealth of experience in capital raising endeavors. His insights will fortify our financial strategies, no doubt, anchoring us firmly on the path to enduring growth. Dr. Barry Springer, a distinguished figure with notable affiliations at Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and Abbott, is the driving force behind Springer Biotech Consulting. His tenure as former Vice President of Janssen Strategy, Operations, and Innovation has equipped him with unparalleled expertise in therapeutic antibody discovery and development. Furthermore, his leadership role in shaping Janssen Biotherapeutics' platform technology strategy, and licensing showcases his depth of knowledge and vision. Dr. Springer's extensive background in drug and technology and licensing will play a crucial role in refining our strategic direction. Dirk Witters, the visionary founder of Contanti Consult, not only boasts over two decades of experience with KVC Group in corporate and investment banking, but also exemplified leadership as the CEO of KBC France. His profound knowledge in capital raising, acquisitions, and executive leadership will be instrumental in propelling immunoprecise antibodies to greater heights. With the combined acumen and foresight of our new board members, we are invigorated about the boundless growth potential of immunoprecise antibody. Their collective expertise promises to amplify our trajectory, ensuring we are not only we not only surmount upcoming challenges, but we also harness the vast opportunity that is awaiting us. Despite the challenges we have faced, I'm pleased to report that we had a very positive financial quarter, demonstrating our second back-to-back quarter of record revenue and establishing a new record for quarterly revenue. To be specific, our consolidated revenue grew 21.3% year over year. In addition, we saw our protein manufacturing facility make strategic use of its newly expanded facilities, demonstrating an impressive growth of 44% year-over-year. As we will expand on shortly, our record revenue was met with significantly higher net income before taxes when compared to Q1 of last year, a difference of approximately $6 million, another positive back-to-back quarter trend. Lastly, we are happy to state that our quarterly burn slowed to 1.6 million Canadian dollars in this first quarter. These results mark continued growth in the face of headwinds that have presented challenges within the life sciences market in general. We believe that our success in this quarter is a testament to the resilience and dedication of our management team, as well as the robustness of our contract research services. We remain committed to delivering value to our shareholders and are hopeful about the opportunities that now lie ahead. We are excited to update our valued shareholders on two significant developments that are integral to the new and promising strategic vision being drafted by our new board members and management. First, we have filed an S3 form with the SEC, a move that allows us to register securities for a shelf offering, a move that makes it easier for us to attract U.S. investors and access U.S. capital markets. This strategic action is part of our ongoing effort to strengthen our financial position and set the stage for the successful implementation of our unified strategic vision. We believe these steps will greatly benefit IPA and our shareholders as we embark on this new invigorated journey. Thank you once again for joining us today. We look forward to sharing more details about our performance and our plans during this call. I'll now turn the microphone over to Dr. Barry Duplantis, for updates on client relations and business development.

Yes, thank you, Jennifer. As discussed during our recent 2023 fiscal year end earnings call, the diligent efforts of our fiscal year 23 sales initiatives are now bearing fruit in fiscal 24's revenue figures. We're delighted to report a remarkable 21.3% year-over-year Q1 growth in revenue. And once again, this growth has been predominantly propelled by exceptional performance of our protein expression services, and our industry-leading B-Cell Select platform. Moreover, our focus on sales orders, which is a recurring highlight of our earnings discussions, has yielded exceptional results once again. We have observed a significant year-over-year Q1 increase of 59%, primarily attributed to an outstanding sales performance in the month of June, which stands as the highest in IPA history. In specific terms, June sales orders of 3.51 million represented an impressive 125% surge compared to June of fiscal year 23. The positive trend continued into July, with sales orders reaching 1.56 million, marking a substantial 64% increase over July of fiscal year 23. I'd also like to remind the audience that sales orders are primarily composed of antibody discovery programs, as the majority of our protein expression revenue bypassed this financial step. We maintain a high level of confidence in our future prospects driven by the combined momentum of new BioStrand based fee for service discovery programs and our upcoming participation in fall conferences. These conferences will provide an excellent platform to showcase our seamlessly integrated wet lab and silico capabilities. This strategic alignment positions us well to sustain this robust growth trajectory. As discussed during our previous earning calls, the partnership between BioStrand and BriaCell is in its final phase. compromising wet lab evaluation of the output of the in silico work. We completed the wet lab analysis and are currently compiling the data for reporting to BriaCell. And with that, I would like to hand it over to our chief scientific officer.

Yeah, thank you, Barry. Good morning, everyone. I'm pleased to delve into our recent scientific advancements and ongoing research initiatives with you all. Over the past quarter, we have honed our service packages, emphasizing the synergy between our lab techniques and computational methodologies. This fusion is particularly pivotal during the early phases of therapeutic development. While traditional methods have served us well, our evolved approach leverages advanced algorithms and data analytics, aiming for a more streamlined and potentially cost-effective process. Our infrastructure allows us to efficiently and seamlessly manage multiple projects concurrently, amplifying the potential value for our clients. We are gearing up to showcase the synergistic power of computational technologies and high-quality laboratory research to advance the selection of functional de-risked antibodies during a speaker presentation in the AI and Computational Discovery and Development presentation track at the Festival of Biologics in Basel this October. Alongside this, we will be touring key European hubs, interacting with industry thought leaders, and elucidating the capabilities of our latest platforms. In a collaborative stride with BioFence, we have fine-tuned our service offerings to accelerate and optimize therapeutic lead nomination by integration of developed in silico prediction technologies for epitome binning of target identification and screening, alongside clinical risk assessment into our well-respected laboratory services. This spectrum encompasses hands-on lab services augmented with AI-driven computational solutions. Our commitment remains unwavering as we continually adapt to the dynamic scientific landscape. Our B-cell discovery technology in OPS has taken a leap forward. We've incorporated a roboticized method, enabling precise identification of individual B-cells based on their unique functionalities. This automation not only expedites the process, but also paves the way for potential treatments that modulate cellular responses. We are eager to share these insights at the Festival of Biologics in Basel. The bi-specific sector is on an accelerating trajectory. A persistent challenge has been ensuring the structural integrity of molecules. To tackle this, we have been refining our novel purification technique at our facility in Utrecht. This method integrates automation, ensuring consistent and high-quality projection of biospecifics. Complemented with our expertise in OSS, we are poised to cater to the burgeoning demand. Neoantigens, which are alpha proteins primarily found on tumor cells, have piqued the interest of the medical community. IPA has been focused on developing novel methodologies to detect antibodies that specifically target these neoantigens. Leveraging our biospecific capabilities, we are working towards providing a comprehensive solution for clients keen on exploring this exciting therapeutic avenue. Our journey is characterized by thorough growth and nimble adaptation. By keeping a pulse on industry trends and harnessing our technological expertise, we aspire to be trendsetters in the realm of accelerated AI-driven biotherapeutic development. I will now turn the microphone over to Dr. Jennifer Bost to provide some operational updates on IPA.

Great. Thank you so much, Ilse. I'd like to share with you today some operational updates in particular around our artificial intelligence and its integration into our wet lab capabilities. At the heart of our progress is our commitment to enhancing our AI capabilities in particular. We've developed a revenue strategy that leverages the power of our unique and patented HIFT technology, much of what you've heard about in the previous quarterly earnings calls. This strategy focuses on combining our digital or in silico services with our renowned laboratory services. Plus, we're proud to mention that our digital services stand alone and in addition to that offer immense value to both new and existing programs. We're truly excited to showcase these new and distinguished services onsite at corporations throughout Boston and Cambridge. for approximately a week-long period at the end of this month. With regard to new platform capabilities, we're excited to say that we've recently secured projects utilizing multiple features of our platforms, such as predicting the characteristics, safety, and effectiveness of antibodies. Given the value these features can add at various stages of antibody development, we've now made them a standard part of our service offering. IPA also now employs a novel digital analysis of antibodies and other proteins focused on assessing potential clinical risks very early on. We can quickly screen countless antibodies and provide our clients with actionable reports. This in-depth analysis helps our clients make informed decisions about their clinical strategies. BioStrand has already completed several paid projects in this area, paving the way for consistent revenue with our partners. Lastly, we're thrilled to introduce a groundbreaking feature in our Lens AI platform, now boasting a cutting-edge combination of our proprietary neuro-symbolic engine and advanced large language models, such as ChatGPT. This ground breakthrough, this breakthrough allows us to answer some of the most challenging questions in life sciences with unparalleled precision and speed with the accuracy and transparency of lens AI and the dialogue function of chat GPT. The type of questions cover a broad range and can either be general in nature or they can be very specific by the user. Our unique approach ensures accuracy and clarity and addresses the life science industry's need for both precision and explainability. We've already demonstrated early validation with internal research, and we are rolling this service out as we speak. I'd now like to turn the call over to Brad McConn, our Chief Financial Officer, to give you more insights into our financials from this first quarter.

Thank you, Jennifer, and good morning, everyone. I'll provide an overview of our financial results for the year before touching on our financial position as of the end of the period. As a reminder, all numbers I've referenced are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted. As we mentioned, IPA recorded total revenue of $5.7 million during the three months ended July 31st, 2023, a 21.3% increase compared to the same period last year. Both our protein production and B-cell select platform realized impressive results during the quarter, with our Utrecht and Victoria sites growing 44% and 25.5% year-over-year, respectively. Gross profit for the quarter totaled $2.8 million, an increase of $0.3 million compared to the prior year, while gross profit margin was 49.1% compared to 52.9% in fiscal 2023. Operating expenses totaled $7 million in Q1 as compared to $12.6 million during the same period last year. Research and development expenses totaled $0.4 million, a decrease of $5.7 million compared to fiscal 2023. This decrease is primarily related to a significant reduction in spend on the polytope antibody combination therapy as compared to last year. Research and development expenses during Q1 include $0.3 million in salary costs, including share-based payments that was allocated to research and development, along with $0.2 million in research expense. Sales and marketing expenses totaled $1.1 million during Q1 of fiscal 2024, which represents a small increase of $41,000 compared to the prior year. Expenditures during the first quarter included $0.8 million in salary costs, including share-based payments that was allocated to sales and marketing, along with $0.2 million in advertising costs. General and administrative expenses totaled $4.6 million during the first quarter, as compared to $4.2 million during the same period last year. Increases include $0.1 million in salary costs and $0.1 million in interest recorded on a company's leases. Finally, Amortization of intangibles decreased $0.3 million. As the intangibles recorded in connection with the acquisition of our off location were fully amortized in the first month of the quarter. Moving on to other income, IPA recorded other income of $0.4 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $0.3 million during fiscal 2023. Other income included $0.3 million in grant income, $0.1 million in interest in other income, and $0.1 million in unrealized foreign exchange loss. All told, IPA recorded a net loss of $3.6 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to a loss of $9.4 million during the first quarter of last year. Moving on to the balance sheet, IPA has held cash of $6.8 million as of July 31, 2023, compared to $8.4 million as of April 30, 2023, a decrease of $1.6 million during the quarter. If we look at our last five quarters, our burn was $10.6 million during Q1 of fiscal 2023, $5 million during Q2 of last year, $3.7 million in Q3, $3 million in Q4, and finally, as I mentioned, $1.6 million this quarter. During the period, cash used in operating activities totaled $0.7 million, while cash used in investing activities included $0.1 million in equipment purchases and $0.1 million for a deferred acquisition payment in connection with the BioStrand acquisition, along with $0.1 million in proceeds from the sale of our investment in QBQ Holdings BBE. Cash used in financing activities included $0.4 million in lease payments. And with that, I'll turn it back to Julianne for a Q&A.

Thanks, Brad. Before Jennifer adds any closing remarks, we would like to open the floor to any questions from analysts and investors. Of note, with the numerous live and virtual investor conferences this week, several investors and analysts have sent over questions in the past day, which we want to ensure are addressed. If they were not already clearly covered in the script content, in those instances, I will be reading those questions aloud for the members of the IPA management team. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. We will pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. And our first question on the phone line comes from Ramakant Swayampakula from HC Wainwright. Please go ahead, your line is open.

Thank you. Good morning, Jennifer. So, a couple of quick questions. Just at a high level, you know, I want to understand how the BioStrand acquisition, now that you have had BioStrand for more than a year now, how are you monetizing it and also, what, you know, when should we expect buyer's trend, you know, revenues coming from buyer's trend to be material?

Hi, R.K., thanks for joining us, and thank you for your thoughtful question. So, first of all, with regard to answering this question, in particular also for those who may not have been with us at the end of the last fiscal year, earnings call, our most recent earnings call. I'll first like to point back and reference that fiscal year earnings call where we gave the outline of the three main pillars for monetizing BioStrand and along in addition with that also some milestones with timelines and revenue. As a brief summary here for the audience, for URK, We have focused on the combined AI and wet lab services as a primary focus for the short-term revenue. And these are the service offerings that also inform and improve Lens AI as they're being utilized for these clients. That Lens AI is at the heart of everything we do, including all of our other pillars and service offerings that we are rolling out. We also did present a longer-term vision for our SAS model, utilizing the analytical tools and data management to aid life science companies in handling massive amounts of data to be organized and managed if they so choose. Also, they can use that to be analyzed using Lens AI. And again, you know, Lens AI giving them the opportunity for that unparalleled and invaluable insight into these massive amounts of data, which right now at most companies are just being stored and actually costing the company's money without them being able to use that for analysis. And the other component there was this opportunity for companies to partner with BioStrand or in silico discovery programs, partnering relationships that obviously are invaluable to us because they provide us with a wealth of insight and data for BioStrand, for training lens AI, but they also carry with them that opportunity for additional downstream financial payments in the event that a partner chooses to carry forward with a program. So with regard to those shorter-term services, as I mentioned, we are really now embarking on a very focused output here where we are going into companies starting at the end of this month specifically to showcase these services, which to date have been available online and presented at a conference. But what we have noticed is an interest in multiple large pharmaceutical companies and mid-sized biotech companies and really getting to understand more how we compete with the few companies out there that offer these services. We have not given a timeline for when we expect, of course, that material revenue stream from that, but what we can say and kind of echoing back to some of the things that Dr. Duplantis shared with us here, we're seeing that increase in interest. We continue to see queues with groups receiving both quotes and then executing on those to convert to sales orders. So the trend for us with regard to that shorter-term revenue certainly looks quite good. With regard to the SAS model, we did give us some timelines around that with regard to the commitments that are required, you know, for investment in time. We're really looking at probably 12 to 18 months for the actual launch of the SAS model. Most of those activities can be done internally by BioStrand on a service offering as well. So we are offering those opportunities for clients who want organization and management, but where we really see that potential for a massive shift in revenue and a major increase in the profit margins associated with that, of course, are around the official launch of that software as a service. So we're really looking at around 12 to 18 months there. And what we have outlined in the fiscal year earnings call was really the five-year trajectory with regard to how much of the market we believe we could corner and what that meant for Biostrong with regard to revenue. So hopefully that answers your question, RK.

Thank you. I have one quick question. Sure. uh you as you go to um just talking about it they they shift uh based in silico screening platform um i'm just trying to understand you know what sort of inquiries are you getting on this and if there is at least a project or something that you can give us so that we understand as an example of what what ability or what capability that you're actually providing, which is better than what you used to provide.

Yeah, absolutely. So, yeah, Barry, I was going to say I'll turn that over to you, but maybe start that. Yes, but I'll start that real quick with just making sure I tie that into this previous statement that a lot of that is also connected to A lot of the interest we have been getting into this targeted approach as well in the Boston area, specifically in response to many of these companies wanting to see the actual data we've produced on these platforms. Absolutely, Barry, I will definitely turn it over to you as Head of Sales and Client Relations to give some further insights into those inquiries you receive.

So we have gained traction and we are expecting revenue to begin shortly for programs using HIF based screening. The primary type of inquiries that we're getting into this type of offering and biostrand technologies in general are often based off of biological challenges that cannot or have not been successfully addressed in the wet lab. Examples of the type of programs that we're looking here are, I guess, one of the easiest ones that comes to mind is situations where an in vivo platform for immunization or an in vitro platform for screening where the targets that our clients are looking for are represented differently in the final stage than they are when we produce them as reagents. So in these traditional wet lab techniques, the gap between the reagent and what the final product has to be is quite different. So that obviously makes it difficult to create antibodies that specifically target the final conformational stage. So that's a lot of where the inquiries are coming, and that's what the HIF-based screening platform is designed to overcome.

Thank you. Thank you, Barry. Thanks for that. Thank you for your questions, RK.

Our first written question comes from Robert Wasserman from Benchmark Capital, and it reads, what is the current disposition of the board and how will that change following the annual meeting? With the pending resignation or non-election of Dr. Kuo, who will be the chairman?

Great. Okay. Well, thanks, first of all, to Robert Wasserman for providing that question. So, first of all, I think what I'd really like to start with there is that, you know, the current board, obviously, it has transitioned here over the last couple of weeks. And it's working very constructively together, very collegially together to ensure that we focus on the strategies that are in line with the company's highest priority. In addition to that, we are working actively on rejuvenation of the board for the upcoming AGM. Our focus is on bringing in seasoned professionals who have demonstrated excellence in establishing and steering prosperous companies in pioneering new therapeutic solutions. An example of that is Dr. Springer, who has now joined us. Mastering capital markets and harnessing the power of artificial intelligence. And then also, you know, a real key focus for us here are individuals who have adeptly guided NASDAQ listed companies. And as for the chairperson, you know, position following Dr. Ku's anticipated departure, the board is still in the process of deciding that. But we absolutely will keep our stakeholders informed as soon as a decision is reached.

Thank you, Jennifer. His next question reads, Can you provide more color or info on the sales order for future fee-for-service stat 4.65 million that you mentioned on the 4Q earnings report? Is that a quarterly, annual, or longer-term figure or a combination of all three?

Yeah, thank you. I'll answer this one again. So the reference was to the total sales orders for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 23. So sales orders are a recurring topic of discussion, and just to reiterate their significance, these represent future financial projections derived from agreements with clients during that specific time period. IPA then recognizes revenue from these sales orders as the work progresses on the associated project, typically spanning a 10 to 12 month period. It's essential that we emphasize that these are projections and while they are our most reliable forecasting metric, the actual revenue generated by a program can vary up or down from the initial sales order dependent upon the program's performance and then obviously ongoing sales efforts within a program. So I also noted earlier too that the figures for sales orders do not encompass our IPA Europe Utrecht site as its workflow doesn't necessitate that financial step.

Thank you, Barry. Robert's last question reads, can you provide more detail on the R&D expense number relating to internal R&D efforts versus collaboration type programs?

Yeah, sure. So I can take that one. When we think about our R&D spend, we have really two primary areas of expenditures. And that can be on projects in TALM, which can be either purely internal or done with a partner. And then the other main area of focus is on the advancement of our fee-for-service offerings. And so, as the stage of those TALM assets has progressed and we're, you know, kind of through the heavy research and development portion of the project, we've gained significantly reduced R&D spend there. And as such, our R&D spend today and certainly probably over the last couple of quarters is weighted much more toward the advancement of our fee-for-service offerings.

Thank you, Brad. Those are all the questions from Robert. We have some questions from Will McHale from Ingleson Schneider, and his first question reads, what is the opportunity to convert traditional wet lab CRO work to biostrand and silico work, and how does that change the economics for IPA?

I'll answer this one again.

So as mentioned earlier in the Q&A, BioStrand allows us to tackle biological problems that haven't been successfully addressed in the wet lab. And this has been the central point of discussion with our partners in terms of the antibody discovery aspects of our service offerings. So we view these opportunities as additive to traditional wet lab work rather than a replacement, at least for the foreseeable future. That being said, it is worth highlighting the dedicated efforts of ILSA and team in driving the seamless integration of wet lab and silico applications. This is particularly well done in the context of antibody characterization and risk mitigation. This effort will enhance the attractiveness and the synergy between both approaches and creates a compelling solution for our partners.

Thank you, Barry. Will's next question reads, What is the long-term vision for data management platform? How does that fit with the CRO business?

Once again, I'll tackle this one. Priority in the technical development at Biostrand has been put on the analytical capabilities for antibody discovery and development. But this has not prevented us from also making progress in the development of the data management platform itself. So it's a crucial element that reinforces the synergy between our AI capabilities and the wet lab by streamlining our own data integration and processing. Moreover, this platform, we can not only offer to clients data management and organization capabilities, but also analytical tools. Clients who engage with our platform will automatically immerse themselves in our ecosystem, experience the advantages it brings while also gaining access to a suite of SaaS tools available on the platform. This presents us with multiple opportunities for cross-selling and upselling, thereby enhancing our revenue potential. Moreover, it enables us to represent results in a secure and private environment, ensuring the utmost confidentiality for our clients. Additionally, it facilitates multiple presentation options that support an easy and interactive user experience, enhancing our clients' engagement and satisfaction.

Thank you, Barry. Will's last question reads, could you provide any updates on TALM outlicensing?

Yeah, should I take this question? This is Ilse. um yeah as brett already indicated the bulk of our research and development and the efforts relating to the assets um yeah they're considered largely complete and we are looking uh into the out licensing of options uh happily we have compiled comprehensive data packages for each and uh our team is actively in the process of seeking suitable licensing of opportunities um maybe it's worth noting here that talim has engaged interested an interested party regarding one of the three priority programs which you mentioned in the last earnings call and um for this program we are currently in the process of conducting a final verification essay thank you i'll say and thank you to all um who were able to join us today i will now turn the call back over to dr bath for any concluding remarks wonderful thank you julianne

As we wrap up today's earnings call, I think one thing we'd like to do is just really reflect on the transformative journey at Immunoprecise Antibodies and what we're embarking on here. The challenges of the past quarter have not deterred us, and instead they've paved the way for a new era of growth and transformation. Our vision is sharpening, our strategies are undergoing continuous refinement, and our team continues to expand in strength and diversity. With the induction of esteemed professionals like Chris Busey, Barry Springer, and Dirk Witters to our board, this underscores our unwavering commitment to excellence. We anticipate sharing insights into our evolving strategy and vision, which are currently in the process of being honed, with our shareholders in due course following the AGM. This quarter's financial performance stands as a testament to our resilience and our burgeoning potential. With consecutive record revenues and strategic expansion, we've showcased our capability to not only navigate challenges, but to flourish in the face of them. The dedication of our management team and the robustness of our services have been pivotal in achieving this success. We're also excited to highlight the two significant milestones that resonate with our strategic vision, the recent S3 form filing with the SEC is a calculated move to fortify our financial standing and broaden our reach to US investors. This, along with the ongoing enhancements to our board, emphasize our dedication to growth and excellence. To our esteemed shareholders, the enthusiasm and drive within our management team for IP's future are unmistakable. We're not just hopeful, but we're assured about the journey ahead. With the recent changes, the expertise we've incorporated, and our forward-looking strategies, the horizon does look bright for us. Our commitment to delivering unmatched value remains steadfast, and we're poised to venture into the next exciting phase of growth and innovation. I think more than anything, we'd like to express our deep appreciation and our gratitude for the unwavering trust and support of our shareholders. Thank you again so much for joining us today.

This concludes today's earnings call. Thank you for your participation.