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Operator
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for attending today's J.B. Hunt 3Q 2022 earnings conference call. My name is Tia, and I will be your moderator for today's call. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call, with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. I would now like to pass the conference over to your host, Brad Delco, Senior Vice President of Finance.
J.B. Hunt
You may proceed.
Darren
Good afternoon. Before I introduce the speakers, I would like to take some time to provide some disclosures regarding forward-looking statements. This call may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the private securities litigation reform act of 1995. Words such as expects, anticipates, intends, estimates, or similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on J.B. Hunt's current plans and expectations and involve risk and uncertainties that could cause future activities and results to be materially different from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. For information regarding risk factors, please refer to J.B. Hunt's annual report on Form 10-K and other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Now, I'd like to introduce the speakers on today's call. This afternoon, I am joined by our CEO, John Roberts, our President, Shelley Simpson, our CFO, John Kulow, Nick Hobbs, COO and President of Contract Services, Darren Field, President of Intermodal, and Brad Hicks, EVP of People and President of Highway Services. At this time, I would like to turn the call to our CEO, Mr. John Roberts, for some opening comments.
J.B. Hunt 's
Thank you, Brad, and good afternoon. As we reflect on the performance of the overall business in the third quarter, we echo many of the same themes discussed on our last call with an intense focus on changes in the freight markets we serve. The results in many areas of our business achieved appropriate targets in light of the cyclical shift in market balance I referenced last quarter. While some improvement has been seen in rail service and company hiring challenges, in particular with our driver force, we continue to face difficulties in equipment availability for growth and replacement, along with the uncertainty of the direction of macro conditions. Clearly, there are also areas of our business with opportunity for correction. That said, let me be clear, the businesses we've built, the changes we've implemented, and the team's collective experience have and will continue to reveal themselves as value-enhancing catalysts for our customers, our company, and our shareholders. Let me address some of the points around the market dynamics reference. Further evidence has presented itself over the course of the quarter that requires an increased level of caution and awareness on broader demand trends and economic activity. Data, experience, and frequent dialogue with our customers will continue to guide us in this area. The complementary nature and diversification of our businesses will continue to serve us well in this changing market. As mentioned earlier, rail service has shown real signs of improvement in both velocity and reliability during the quarter, with positive momentum building, the most notable increase coming from our friends at the BNSF. We're encouraged by the trends, and Darren will expand on this area in his remarks. I remain in active and regular dialogue with the senior leaders of our primary rail channels on opportunities and investments required to fully restore service levels needed to capture the opportunities presented with Intermodal. We are optimistic about the path forward with Intermodal and with all aspects of our collective services. Members of our leadership team are here and will cover areas of our business more specifically for you, but at this point, I would like to turn the call over for the first time to our new president, Ms. Shelly Simpson. Shelly?
Brad
Thank you, John, and good afternoon. First off, I'd like to start off by saying how humbled and excited I am to be stepping into this new role at J.B. Hunt. Over the years, you've heard me talk about various areas of the business that I've had the honor to lead. I approach this new position with the same passion for our people, all nearly 38,000 employees at J.B. Hunt, and for delivering exceptional service and value to our customers. As John spoke about some of the current indicators that are present in our industry, I want to remind everyone of our say-do culture, and with that, let me share with you what our go-dos or priorities are right now for us as an organization. Over my 28 years at the company, I've been fortunate to have worked with some great leaders, As I sit here today, I'm reminded of a saying our chairman would say, and that is, don't starve your opportunities. As an organization, we recognize unique and significant opportunities in the marketplace that have been and are being presented to us. As a result, we will remain committed to disciplined investment in our company foundations, which I spoke to last quarter. That is our people you trust, technology that empowers, and capacity to deliver. When we make the right investments in the right people, give them the proper tools to equip and empower them to deliver value and exceptional service to our customers, all of our stakeholders should reap the benefit. So priority one, remain committed to disciplined long-term investments in and for our future growth, and that starts first and foremost with our people. Over the last two months or so, I've traveled and met with our people in the field and across the organization, and I ask each of them the same question. How can you, in your role, drive more value for our customers? I'm encouraged by the feedback I received, the energy of our people, and the rallying around just that simple question. As an organization, we need to deliver the greatest value to our customers by providing unmatched service at a fair and equitable return. So much across our organization goes into that equation from being cost competitive, being quick to adapt, making the customer experience exceptional, and making sure we are in a position to say yes to our customers' growing needs. So priority number two, deliver exceptional value for our customers across the entire organization. Finally, I believe in something John has always shared with us, and that is growth is oxygen. It provides opportunities for our people in the organization to also grow, develop, and build meaningful and lasting careers. We have a deep and tenured bench of talent across our organization who are leading and developing our future leaders. Having a disciplined approach to our capital allocation process supports and funds the investments we make in our people, technology, and capacity to better serve our customers. This recipe should continue to support our future growth and value we create for our shareholders. So I will leave you with one last priority to deliver strong value for our shareholders. As John alluded to in his comments, we see further evidence of a shift in marketplace dynamics that will require us to remain fluid in our approach to managing our business. We often reference that word throughout the pandemic as challenges and uncertainties were present, which feels appropriate at this time as well. Our business leaders will cover our plans with you in more detail. And that concludes my comments, so I'd now like to turn the call over to our CFO, John Kula.
John
Thank you, Shelly, and good afternoon, everyone. My comments today will be brief and will cover our recent performance in the quarter on a consolidated basis. I'll also provide a quick update on our CapEx plans. Overall, we are pleased with the results of the quarter on a consolidated basis. As John remarked, we have targets in areas of our business and fell short in others, but that highlights the benefits of our diversified and complementary model. On a consolidated basis, revenue grew 22% year over year, operating income grew 32%, and gap earnings per share grew 37%. From a cost perspective, we continue to experience inflationary pressures across most areas of our business, but primarily around labor, equipment, including both parts and labor, and in the area of claims. We are keeping a close eye on receivables, credit, and bad debt as economic conditions change and will continue to monitor the environment and manage accordingly. We purchased just shy of 350,000 shares in the quarter, bringing our year-to-date spend on repurchases to approximately $300 million. We will continue to explore share repurchases, going forward as opportunities are presented, and we remain committed to buybacks as a capital management tool with support from our board. Our balance sheet remains strong with net leverage moderately below our target of one times trailing 12 months EBITDA. During the quarter, we paid off $350 million of senior notes and entered into a new $1.5 billion credit facility, increasing our flexibility and overall liquidity for future needs. On NetCapX, we spent just over $1 billion year-to-date and expect to fall short of our $1.5 billion plan for the year. Our capital expenditures in the future will largely be dependent upon business needs, but levels may remain elevated as our replacement needs are high given equipment delivery delays and supply chain constraints experienced over the last two years. This concludes my remarks, and I'll now turn it over to Nick.
Shelly
Thank you, John. Good afternoon. I'll review the performance of our dedicated and final mile segments and update you on other areas of focus across our operations. I'll start with dedicated. Demand for our professional outsourced private fleet solutions remained strong as we added more than 450 trucks to the fleet during the quarter. While our backlog remains strong, we have some moderation to more normalized levels after two years of significantly above normal trends. We sold approximately 280 trucks worth of new business during the course of the quarter, bringing our year-to-date total just shy of 1,700 trucks. As a reminder, this is well above our long-term guidance of 1,000 to 1,200 trucks per year through just the first three quarters of the year. The performance of the business continues to meet expectations as mature accounts are managed diligently and startup accounts are progressing as expected. We continue to see pressure on equipment and maintenance-related expenses, and that remains an area of focus. Overall, I am pleased with the performance and remain excited about executing our plan to grow the business as we deliver exceptional value to our customers. Shifting to final mile. As we've discussed for the last several quarters, our focus has been on delivering exceptional service but ensuring the quality revenue aligned with the value we deliver to customers. While much work has been done, I am pleased with the progress. Much work remains, though. Overall, we saw good demand for final mile services in the quarter in our off-price retail channel with fulfillment, as well as the appliance and furniture delivery market. Similar to DCS, the sales activity is moderating some, and we will manage accordingly. Going forward, we remain focused on our profit improvement initiatives while investing in a differentiated service experience for our customers to deliver value to each of them. Closing with some general comments on operations. We have seen improvements in the areas around professional driver recruiting and retention, although at elevated cost. That said, we have not seen much improvement in equipment availability, which continues to put pressure on our maintenance costs. We are still holding trades on several thousand trucks, which were required to support our growth over the last two years. We will make progress in this area over the next year, but will be dependent upon how much equipment is needed to support our growth. That concludes my remarks, so I'll turn it over to Darren.
John
Thank you, Nick, and hello to everyone on the call. I'll review performance of our intermodal business, including an update on network fluidity and the opportunities we have to deliver exceptional capacity and value to our customers. I'll start by reviewing the performance from the quarter. Demand for air modal capacity continued to support growth in our business despite challenges related to rail velocity, customer unloading activity, and overall supply chain uncertainties facing our customers. Volumes for the quarter were up 4% year over year, and by month were plus 4% in July, plus 6% in August, and down 2% in September. Today, so far in October, volumes have rebounded from weaker demand in September. Last quarter, we discussed the challenges we were facing from a rail network velocity perspective, and I expressed confidence and a bit of optimism that it would get better. While we are not back to where we need to be, I am pleased to say that we saw a meaningful improvement in velocity and performance from BNSF as the quarter progressed, but in particular, in mid-August and throughout the remainder of the quarter. We continue to work with our primary channel providers at the most senior levels to improve our service quality and reliability which presents our organization significant opportunities that I will address next. Recognizing John's comments about the shift in market balance, we remain confident in our ability to deliver value to our customers with our intermodal service offering With greater velocity in our network, we are presented with an opportunity to remove meaningful cost in our business due to lack of productivity. As I've said before, our customers will participate in those savings while also benefiting from faster and more reliable service. We think this puts us in a position to be able to deliver meaningful value for our customers as they look for cheaper, more efficient, and the most sustainable way of moving their freight. As we stand here today, I'm confident that customers have greater demand for our capacity as speed and reliability improve, and I believe we have a greater line of sight to that now than at any other point over the last two years. In closing, I would like to drive home the point that our business and our rail channel providers all benefit from service quality improvements, and we remain motivated and incentivized to deliver it. We have significant productivity and cost-saving opportunities that will present themselves in our dray operations as rail service quality makes further improvements. I look forward to discussing our progress in this area in the quarters ahead. That concludes my prepared remarks, so I'll turn it over to Brad Hicks.
Nick
Thank you, Darren, and good afternoon, everyone. I'll review the performance of our integrated capacity solutions and truckload segments, what we collectively call highway services. I'll also provide an update on J.B. Hunt 360. Starting off with ICS, top line revenue was down 11%, comprised of an 8% decline in volume and a 4% decline in revenue per load. Diving into those numbers a little deeper, truckload volume in the quarter was down only 1%. Similar to last quarter, we continue to see pressure in the spot or transactional market in volume, but also in rate and margin. Similar to last quarter, our published or contractual volume was up double digits on a percentage basis year over year in the quarter, offset by our spot or transactional business down double digits. We continue to manage the business to outperform the market, and we accomplished that against our benchmarks during the quarter. As John discussed, we are seeing a shift in balance in the market, or a pivot as I like to say, and we are navigating through that but remain focused on our long-term goals and targets. I remain confident in our people and our platform, J.B. Hunt 360, to deliver an efficient and valued service offering to our customers. Shifting over to truckload, similar to last quarter, we continue to see steady and solid demand for our drop trailer network service offering we call J.B. Hunt 360 Box. Volume grew 13% versus the prior year quarter. We continue to believe customers are finding value in the blending of their live network and drop trailer network capacity needs. essentially offering customers the flexibility and ease of use of a drop trailer for use in less dense freight lanes while also offering access to the vast amount of capacity available on our J.B. Hunt 360 platform for freight that would typically be handled by large asset-based carriers. One simple and seamless solution provided by experienced managers of trailing assets and powered by one of the largest capacity sourcing platforms, J.B. Hunt 360, which I'll touch on next. We continue to see the strong usage and activity on our multimodal digital freight platform, JB Hunt 360. As we've entered this new market paradigm, we are seeing the expected shifts in usage, including increased offers per load, but also carrier stickiness and measurable data on our ability to buy capacity against the market. Being a little more transparent, over the last two years, our customers relied on our platform to find capacity when it was extremely difficult and challenging to source. We were the go-to, and in this market pivot, admittedly, we may have had too much exposure to spot and project-related business. We will make adjustments and pivot ourselves where needed, but remain confident to investments in our people, technology, and assets to support our long-term growth. That concludes my comments, so I'll turn it back to Brad Delco to give instructions before the operator opens the call for Q&A.
Darren
Thanks, Brad. I'd just like to remind all the participants on the call that we're going to do one question and then move on to the next since we have such a long list of folks. So with that, Tia, we're ready to open it up for questions.
Operator
Absolutely. We will now begin the QA session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by one or your touchtone keypad. If for any reason you would like to remove that question, please press star followed by two. Again, to ask a question, please press star one. As a reminder, if you are using a speakerphone, please remember to pick up your handset before asking your question. We will pause here briefly to allow questions to generate in queue. The first question is from the line of Scott Grew with Wolf Research. You may proceed.
Scott Grew
Hey, thanks. Afternoon, guys. Darren, just want to talk on the intermodal side. Do you think, was September impacted by rail strike noise or demand, and then maybe any color on how you think about fourth quarter volume. And then just a big picture question. It does feel like intermodal pricing for now is holding up a lot better than truckload, but maybe that's impacting having some negative impact on demand. So I guess my real question is, how are you approaching bid season? Are you more focused on market share? And if volumes are up and fluidity is up, but rates are down next year, do you think you can grow intermodal EBIT next year. I know there's a bunch, but whatever you could take. Thank you.
Darren
Scott, this is Brad. I think I counted five questions there and I'll just, we'll turn it over to Darren and let him start talking.
John
Okay. First of all, and I don't want to spend all afternoon talking about potential rail labor situation. Look, September was obviously impacted by rail labor or the threat of that. Um, every year, uh, we have network challenges that we don't always call out in these, uh, these sorts of, uh, calls. And, uh, in some ways the results in September was similar to a bad weather event. It was short term in nature. Uh, volumes were improving coming out of August. The rail labor situation. was probably one of several things that might have influenced customers. And that came and went, and volumes recovered back to where they were prior to that. So I do think that customer demand right now was showing improvement in August, and it continues to today. As far as pricing goes, I think we're just way too early in the bid cycle to kind of know what to predict there. Obviously, the bid cycle is important to us. We continue to dialogue with our customers about ways that we can take cost out of our system together. And as we have that dialogue, we fully anticipate the customer to get a benefit when we work together to do that. I've said that for the better part of a year now and still believe that strongly. I don't know where to even go next. I'm just going to stop there.
Darren
Thanks, Scott. I bet you we'll get some of those other questions from some next callers.
J.B. Hunt
Tia, next question, please. Thank you.
Operator
The next question is from the line of Chris Weatherby with Citi. You may proceed.
Chris Weatherby
Hey, great. Thanks. Good afternoon. So maybe sticking on intermodal, maybe you want to sort of understand the comments around the cost sharing and savings that could happen in sort of a more fluid rail environment. So I guess maybe the specific question is, do you think about this more on a profit per load basis where maybe you can maintain profit per load? has your cost come down some of that shared or is it more on a margin basis? I guess I just want to make sure I'm sort of understanding how you guys are thinking about that. And certainly probably growth comes into effect to some extent next year as well, leaning into that to some extent. So I know it's a little bit sort of a loose question, but I'm kind of curious how you guys are thinking about, you know, profit per load relative to margin and growth next year.
John
Well, certainly we, we, We contemplate the productivity we can generate on a container in a month. That certainly drives some of our thought process. So as we can move more loads on a container in a month as velocity improves, there's some benefit there that we would anticipate sharing with our customers. We're very focused on ROIC only, margin as an output. Um, you know, and as we layer on more volume and look for ways to grow, we would anticipate that there's a benefit in our underlying costs from that. And I would just highlight and try to, and some of the prepared comments are drainage activity. Um, can also get a productivity benefit out of improved rail service. We would anticipate. an improvement in the productivity of our drivers and our tractor resources as well as rail service improves. And that, too, is something that we would anticipate our customers can benefit from.
Ravi Shankar
Okay.
J.B. Hunt
Thank you. Thank you.
Operator
The next question is from the lineup Amit Mitra with Deutsche Bank. You may proceed.
spk18
Thanks, operator. Hi, everyone. Darren, can you just talk about how bid compliance maybe has trended over the course of this year? I mean, obviously, truck spot rates have declined significantly, but the spread between intermodal contract and truckload contract is still pretty wide. But the spot market is a lot looser, but rail service has gotten better. I'm just trying to understand if there's anything that you could observe in terms of bid compliance that maybe gives us a sense of the psychology of kind of what the customers, shippers are thinking. And then just related piggybacking on Chris's question a little bit around, I want to understand what the cyclicality of intermodal profits are on your view. I mean, I would say that there are a lot of investors out there that look at intermodal profits up 65%, 70% versus 2019. I think what you guys did this quarter was an all-time record. How do you answer some of the investor concerns that, hey, you know, a lot of this is attributable to a pricing cycle, and when that's over, you know, we're going back to a profit per load in the 200s instead of the 400s where you are today? If you can just answer those couple questions, that'd be great.
John
Well, I'll start on the bid compliance. You know, I think that somewhere in 2020 and 21, we've highlighted that bid compliance deteriorated from our previous marks and, you know, somewhere in the 60 to 70% range of an award. And maybe in prior terms, it would hover between 70 and 80. Um, I think that your question around spot capacity, influencing that we've been in this 60 to 70% range for the better part of two years. And I would not say that anything. this summer or more recent with truckload spot prices falling, impacting customer bid compliance in our intermodal business. I don't believe we're actually seeing that. So I don't know how much of an influencer that is. Certainly truckload pricing will always be an influencer to some degree at intermodal, but it's not the only influencer of it. And to investors concerned about, or that to your second question, I would just say, um, historically, um, intermodal prices haven't, haven't fallen and haven't moved, uh, to the magnitude that, uh, that truckload. Rates maybe have it at times and, you know, the, the, the ability what's different this cycle. is that ability for us to shed costs that I've highlighted. I mean, I think that the pricing strength of these last year and a half of pricing activity is because all of our costs are up so much. And I mean, that's J.B. Hunt's costs, that's our rail providers' costs, and it certainly is drayage activity in the industry, equipment costs more. It's everywhere you look, there were really significant cost increases and so to me that's one of the biggest differences moving forward how does the industry shed some of that cost and productivity is a big part of that so some of our ability to move in that area really depends on how much additional productivity we can get out of our resources both our assets and our people thank you very much
Operator
Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Justin Long with Stevens. You may proceed.
Justin Long
Thanks. Good afternoon. So it sounds like rail service got significantly better over the course of the quarter. So I was curious if you could share where box turns are running today, just to put some numbers around that comment. And then, Darren, you said things have snapped back from an intermodal volume perspective in October. Can you quantify where volumes are running quarter to date?
John
Well, I don't know that I can clarify where volumes are running quarter to date. What I would just tell you is we saw that, maybe I'll say it like this, September ran minus 2%. You heard that in my prepared comments. I think that had we not had A disruption from the potential of a rail strike volumes in September would have been more between three and 4% positive, and I think that we're back in line with where we were running throughout the quarter without that disruption. So I'll just answer that question that way in terms of box turns. You know, for the for the quarter box turns were, uh, hang on a sec. 1.5, so nowhere near where we would anticipate or expect our box turns to improve to. We called out that velocity really began to improve in the second half of August and continued to improve throughout September. And I just, there will be somewhat of a lag as velocity improves to the onboarding of new volume that our customers want to see and want to gain confidence in our ability to sustain that velocity and service performance. So we didn't experience any real benefits from that service and velocity improvements during those six weeks in Q3 in terms of volume. And you had a lot of noise there that I just mentioned related to volume in September. As we go through December and as we continue to highlight benefits from faster velocity to our customers and as we go through the bid season, we absolutely do anticipate an improvement in the box terms. Got it. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. The next question comes from the line of John Chappell with Evercore ISI. You may proceed.
John Chappell
Thank you. Good afternoon. Nick, I want to ask you about DCS. You've had like six straight quarters now, pretty breakneck growth on the truck count. And you've been onboarding a lot and there's startup costs associated with it. Your comments about seeing some signs of slowing in demand. Does this give you the opportunity now to kind of let some of that recent startup business reach the maturation stage? And maybe if we see a little bit of a slowdown on the top line growth, we can now start to see the margin expansion in that business through 2023?
Shelly
That's a good question. I would say typically if our sales volume slows down, our startups diminish, you would see our margins improve. But we're facing a couple headwinds. One, fuel cost is up, and that dilutes our margin a little bit. But additionally, our maintenance cost is sky high because of all the growth we've added. We've kept trucks longer, and so that's increased our maintenance. Thought that we could get that fixed next year. I would say yes, but in talking with the manufacturers and we're even adding a third OEM to our mix to try to help us, we're not going to have it solved as they see demand going forward. So we're going to be carrying used trucks all through next year, not to the level this year. So normal times, yes, but this is still abnormal just because of carrying trucks and the price of fuel.
John Chappell
Okay, understood. Thanks, Nick.
Operator
Yep. Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Jordan Ager with Goldman Sachs. You may proceed.
Jordan Ager
Yeah, hi. Just a question on just overall thoughts on supply chain congestion. Obviously, the rails have certainly been part of it. Perhaps things are improving there, but Where do you see the remaining roadblocks to maybe normalizing and hopefully improving box turns as we go from here? Thanks.
John
So, and something I haven't really highlighted yet today is just customer inventory levels are higher, and that's certainly influencing some of the demand and the ability to process and speed up asset utilization. That's certainly a factor. I would also highlight that I think throughout the third quarter, international import volumes continued to be somewhat of a logjam at the ports. But as the quarter progressed, I think a lot of that business has cleaned up. But there still is a lot of noise in the system related to getting cargo out of containers, into warehouses, on shelves, to your home, all of those aspects. But the biggest factor to me right now is just inventories are elevated, and so customers are working hard to find a place to put inventory.
Darren
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Alison Polinat with Wells Fargo. You may proceed.
Allison
Hi, good evening. I just want to go back to the comments around, you know, discipline investment coupled with not starving, you know, opportunities here. Just maybe a little more color expansion on how you view investing through the cycle here. You know, is there a specific area of focus that you want to focus on here for the capital allocation? Just any color as we sort of, you know, we're working through this potential downturn on your investment capabilities.
Brad
Hi, Allison. You know, we've been using a key word here really since the pandemic started, and that word has been fluid. And that has been, as our customers have been uncertain as to what the future has either been held for them or will be held for them in moving forward, they've really struggled to find out what was going to happen from a labor perspective, what would happen certainly with the rail congestion that you've heard Dan talk about, but also just Overall, from a consumer perspective, what people would be buying and how to put inventory in the right places. I think we've done a great job over the last nearly three years of making sure that we stayed fluid, we stayed fluid in our conversations with our customers, and that's going to continue. As you heard John mention in prepared remarks, and then you've heard that throughout each of the segment presidents, We're going to continue to stay focused on creating value for our customers. I've stated several times that I believe that the supply chain is the most inefficient, at least that I can remember, in several years. A big part of that's been from the pandemic. So we're going to be focused on taking costs out of the equation for our customers across all five of our segments where we can do that and sharing back with our customers in that cost. while continuing to maintain our margin targets within each of the five different segments. So that fluid response to our customers, we're having to adapt more quickly, be more agile through the process. Our capital allocation process will continue to follow the exact same way that we have done the last five years, but it will be with what I would tell you from a people and overall capacity perspective. We've been very offensive over the last, year or two, making sure that we are prepared and ready for our customers. This is going to give us a chance to take a little bit more of a breath and be a little more structured discipline, staying in tune and in line with what the market is doing.
Allison
Great.
Brad
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from the line of David Fazula with Barclays. You may proceed.
David Fazula
Thanks for taking my question. For Brad, this is the second straight quarter of sequential declines in J.B. Hunt 360 revenues. I know you talked about good activity. I guess is that a sign of maturity in the program or customers being a little more selective in where they go looking for that type of activity? What does it speak to the project volumes that you talked about? Just if you could touch a little more on that.
Nick
Yeah, Dave, a good afternoon. You know, Shelley just spoke about being fluid, and really what we saw at the very end of Q2, and we spoke of it in our second quarter, and we saw more of that in Q3, is really just the downward pressure and reduction in overall spot volumes that we see inside of the marketplace. There's no secret to the downward pressure that that's had on rates. In particular, they're more pronounced than we historically see. In my prepared comments, I referenced the term several times, pivot. Others call it the flip, but we're going from this tight capacity market to a much looser capacity market, and that's being driven somewhat by a softening in volumes that we see first and foremost inside of brokerage. But from a fundamental standpoint, we do feel like our investments inside of J.P. Hunt 360 are And I would say that many times it often gets linked specifically to ICS. It's important that everybody on the call understands that it is a product and a value for our entire organization. And we see several data points that it spins off that value inside of intermodal, inside of dedicated, and even inside of JBT with 360 box. And so those are the areas where we do feel like, you know, it's a longer play for us. It's not a, one month or one quarter play, and we're just navigating this current environment the best we can. It's a fight out there for volume in the brokerage space, and I don't think that's any secret. But we know that that will, of course, correct at some point in time. We'll see some exits in the marketplace. There's already data points that reveal that capacity is leaving and likely more of it to come, depending on how significant uh the the downward trends are and so uh you know we continue to feel confident we continue to make investment uh both in the technology of 360 and also our people thank you the next question comes from the line of ken huxton with bank of america please go ahead
Dave
Hey, Greg, good afternoon. And I guess just to clarify, I did turn down the Yankee game for this. So excited to be here. Nick, great job at dedicated. But sorry, Brad Delco, just a quick one for Darren also. You took on a lot of boxes that you ordered a while ago into a peak season that didn't exist, it seems like. Can you remind us your thoughts on taking on capacity now versus the ability to get fluidity or increased turnover? what the impact is on margins and your thoughts then into 23 on margins. I'm just trying to contrast that with John's comments earlier about increased caution.
John
Well, certainly we onboarded a lot. We announced an expansion of our equipment as we move into the next three to five years. We made that big announcement back in March, and we've onboarded. equipment as the years gone on, and certainly peak season volumes aren't where we would have anticipated them to be just, I don't know, four or five months ago. Certainly would have anticipated stronger volumes. The peak season this year just doesn't appear to be much of an event, I'll just say it like that, while we're still experiencing growth. As we go into next year, onboarding equipment will continue to run at a pace where our growth is supporting. Now, as we get velocity improvements, that's unlocking capacity in our existing fleet and will have us really studying how quickly to onboard that equipment as we move into next year. Now, at the same time, you know, if there's an opportunity to onboard equipment for whatever reason at a cost benefit to us, then we may choose to do that so that we can be a little more agile with our customer demand and be responsive as we would anticipate some customers to experience challenges related to service that they're receiving from other carriers all trying to find a slot on our competing Western rail carriers. We do absolutely anticipate an opportunity to grow from that scenario, and having equipment available and ready for that opportunity is one of the core important strategies for the next year. I'm not going to answer margin questions on that, Ken. I'm sorry. It's just not something we're going to do.
Brad
Ken, this is Shelly. I want to add one. Ken, it's Shelly. Let me add one thing to that as well. I think you heard Darren say. earlier hi you heard Darren say earlier that ROSD is a our focus and we made sure through 2021 and 2022 that for our customers that they could have an indifferent answer if they were to hold our boxes and so for us from a return perspective us bringing in that equipment, if you think about the problems we had from a railroad congestion and also from our customers not being able to unload our equipment, I think I would suggest that our volumes would be negative at this point based on those two factors. So us bringing in that equipment, Being ready and prepared, you know, from an ROYC perspective, we are in an indifferent position, and so that allows us to lean forward, knowing that our customers' inventory issues and the rail congestion would be shorter-term in nature. It would prepare us better for our long-term, knowing that we have such a great target in converting freight off the highway into the most efficient land transportation in North America.
John
And, Ken, I'm just going to add also to give Darren a breather so he can catch a drink in between questions. He said it best. Just keep in mind where we get these boxes currently and the difficulty in getting them here. And so we have to plan accordingly to be able to be nimble. The other thing is these are 20-year assets. They're priced and modeled from an ROIC perspective to include downturns throughout those 20 years. And so... all of that is kind of taken into consideration and informs us of our ability to go out and buy and add those units.
Dave
Great. Thanks, guys. Appreciate the time. Thanks, Shelly.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from the line of Ron Osenbeck with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed.
Ron Osenbeck
Hey, good evening. Thanks for taking the question. Just a quick one for for Brad Hicks. Can you just clarify if there's anything else in ICS this quarter that impacted margins? And you talked about spot and needing to pivot, but I think there's also mention of some higher claims and bad debt expense. So anything incremental on that would be helpful. And then just looking longer term, as we think about intermodal, historically hasn't been able to get volume and price at the same time. It's difficult to do that. So the secular growth has been a little harder to come by from our perspective. Do you think the investments that BN is doing, expanding San Bernardino, you've got Barstow, those are coming out multiple years from now, but you've been doing more on transloading. Are these the sorts of things that can make the volume growth and the earnings growth behind that a little more durable, a little more secular than what we've been seeing primarily driven by the truck market? Thanks.
Nick
Yeah, so I'll start. Thank you. You know, we just call attention to a couple of categories. And, you know, we have some bad debt claims at points in time. Usually they're pretty lumpy for us. And so over time, there wasn't anything that stood out if we look at the business in terms of years. But when we do have bankruptcies through customers that we do business with, and when that happens, it hits you all at once. And so I think we did see some of that in the third quarter. Not over-concerned as we look at a broader window of time and where we're at, not seeing any negative trends there per se, but when it does hit, it is a little bit more pronounced in a particular month or a particular quarter. As it relates to the second part of your question on kind of what we're seeing in spots, we saw those continue to decline. can't really say, and I don't want to predict what the future is, so I don't know that we've officially reached bottom yet. I would say that it's somewhat stabilized in the more recent periods of weeks, but we also see other indices, for example, the AOTVI, that would suggest that volume trends have continued to decelerate in October versus what we saw in September. And so that's where, you know, paying attention to every data point we can to try and get a read. The best thing that we can do is just stay as close to our customers to try and promote and grow on the contractual business side so that we're not as volatile, per se, in the spot market. And that's what our focus is going into bid season.
John
Okay, I'll try to dive off into your question there, Brian, on intermodal. You know, I mean, clearly in those years, 2015 maybe to 2020, you seem to have a lot of focus on whether or not we can grow both volume and price. Prior to that time, I think we had some success with that. And during that time window, there was a lot of choppiness related to – our relationship with BNSF. There was PSR implementation, which in some ways shifted some challenges from the railroads out to us. So just a lot of challenges related there. And as we move into the future, I think our relationship with BNSF has never been stronger, and we feel very confident about the work that they are doing and we are doing together to grow our intermodal product. we would anticipate that the value proposition we deliver to our customers is also driving enough value to warrant the quality returns that both BNSF and JB Hunt would expect. All that being said, does that mean we get a rate increase? I don't know. I know that expansion of their footprint is good for our intermodal business, and so we're very excited about All the projects that they have underway and certainly transload opportunities are big for us and will continue to be important strategies that we work on together with the railroad.
Ron Osenbeck
Thank you, guys. Appreciate it.
Operator
Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Ravi Shankar with Morgan Stanley. You may proceed.
Ravi Shankar
Thanks for the afternoon. One short-term question for John. John, I think you said at the top of the call that some areas of the business may be opportune for correction. Can you just expand on that a little bit more, what exactly you meant by that? And also, Shelley, congrats on the new position. Maybe I can ask you a longer-term question. What do you think are the biggest opportunities and risks ahead for J.B. Hunt over the next five to ten years? Thanks. Thanks.
Brad
Hey, thanks, Robbie. I might try to take both of those. Let me just talk a little bit about the opportunities that we have. I think as the market is moving and our fluid approach, we recognize, and in some of the areas that we've invested in heavily, there's some right-sizing that we have to do. Brad talked a little bit about that and being more offensive with our customers and trying to make sure we're set up from a sales perspective, but then also looking at You know, what is the five-year plan around that business and making sure that we're more in tune with what the model would suggest. There are other areas of opportunity, like what's happening in our maintenance and, you know, that number for us, the amount of trucks that we actually have that we're holding is becoming more and more impactful to our bottom line, but it is allowing us to serve customers and we're staying in line with our customers from a price perspective. I think each one of the five segments have recognized where their opportunities are. Nick, I know talked about final mile also in the beginning with our cost recovery efforts and us just making sure that the great value we create for our customers that we're in alignment from a return perspective. And that's going to take us more than a quarter or even more than a few quarters. That's a longer term strategy for us with our customers walking each one independently through that. So I feel like that is really our greatest opportunity. I might add this, what I'm most excited about, our biggest opportunity is really to get the entire organization to understand the level of value we can create for our customers with our mode agnostic approach. We have the best opportunity of anyone to give a customer an answer that is best for them in cost, service, and capacity. because we serve the entire supply chain in North America. And with five fairly healthy segments, now with a growth trajectory that really has a market for each one of them in a totally different number, totally different size than what it is today, we think we're just getting started. So I think I'm excited about our long-term opportunity for growth while maintaining our margin and being disciplined in the way that we conduct our business.
Ravi Shankar
God, if we could just address the correction comment, kind of what that was about. Say that one more time, Robbie? The comment at the top of the call about the areas that are opportune for correction, kind of, was that something specific, or was that just a broad comment?
Brad
Yeah, I would say, well, I would say we've tried to highlight those. Final mile is one of the areas that we're focused in on. I think for ICS, staying long-term, structured and disciplined in the long-term plan and just making sure costs stay in line with what that long-term plan is. Those are probably the two areas I would focus.
Ravi Shankar
Very helpful. Thank you. You're welcome.
Operator
Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Ari Rosa with Credit Suisse. You may proceed.
Ari Rosa
Great. Hey, good evening. Good afternoon. So I wanted to ask about rate trends on dedicated. Obviously, we've seen spot rates come down quite a bit. Dedicated seems like it's been more resilient. Just wanted to see if you guys could address to what extent you think those two can remain decoupled as we think about 2023 and bid season coming up.
Shelly
Yeah, thank you. I'll take that. Most of our business, I believe the exact number is about 78% of our business and dedicated is tied to some index or some contractual annual increase. And we've been very successful in getting those. And in addition to the ones that do not have indexes, we were able to get rates this year as needed for driver pay and various things. So what the spot market does up and down doesn't really affect us. It may change why we sell because there's a lot of capacity. demands that we see, but we sign up long-term deals. And so when we sell those, the way we sell those, it's for the long term, not quarter to quarter or anything like that. So we view it as having very little impact on us from the spot market.
J.B. Hunt
Got it. Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. There are no additional questions at this time. I will pass it back to the management team for closing remarks.
Brad
Thank you and thank you for spending time with us on this quarterly call. I think you heard us talk a lot about the caution that we have, but I want to make sure that I talk about why we've mentioned caution. For us, caution is just a readiness to pivot. It's a readiness to be available for our customers and understanding what's happening in the market and how we can best prepare ourselves and be ready with the executive management team having over 25 years experience at J.B. Hunt. I think we've seen this before. We've seen signs similar and we want to make sure that we can pivot with our customers and make sure that we continue to create great shareholder value. But might I say that this was our best quarter in our history. It is maybe more muted because we think about that readiness that we're attempting to really solve for. It was the best quarter for JBI. It's the first time DCS hit over $100 million in operating income. And so we're proud of the work that we've done. And I think that you see the results overall. And I also think that you see our diversified portfolio and making sure that we are mode agnostic with our customers. But speaking of our customers, sharing improvements with our customers is good. It's good for them. It's good for our business. And I think that's going to be important for us as we continue to move forward. The supply chain is inefficient, and we want to help it become a more efficient supply chain. We're a growth company, and we have a complete and total understanding of the importance of ROSC. That will be our focus. We're going to create more value for our customers by really trusting the people that take care of them every day. And so I close by saying thank you to the nearly 38,000 people that work hard every single day on behalf of our customers. We're going to continue to remain disciplined in our approach, but make sure that we are taking advantage of opportunities that are present with our customers and serving them with more value. With that, looking forward to speaking with you on the next earnings call.
J.B. Hunt
That concludes today's conference call. Thank you. You may now disconnect your line.
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