MARA Holdings, Inc.

Good day, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Marathon Digital Holdings' fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 earnings webcast and conference call. I'd now like to turn the call over to your host, Charlie Schumacher, Vice President of Corporate Communications. Please go ahead, Charlie.

Thank you, Kevin. Good afternoon, and welcome to Marathon Digital Holdings' fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 earnings call. Thank you for joining us for our call today. With me on today's call are Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Fred Thiel and our Chief Financial Officer Salman Khan. Before we get started, I'd like to remind everyone that our prepared remarks may contain forward-looking statements and that we may make additional forward-looking statements during the question and answer session. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially. When used in this call, the words anticipate, could, enable, estimate, intend, expect, believe, potential, will, should, project, and similar expressions as they relate to Marathon Digital Holdings are, as such, a forward-looking statement. Please refer to our earnings release for a full recitation of our forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by Marathon at this time. Some of these risks and uncertainties are more fully described in Marathon's public filings, with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which can be viewed at www.sec.gov and ir.mara.com. Finally, please note that on today's call, we will refer to certain financial measures that were not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, including adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP total margin. Marathon believes these non-GAAP financial measures are important indicators of its operating performance because they exclude certain items that are unrelated to and may not be indicative of its GAAP financial results. Please refer to our company's periodic reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q and to our website for a full reconciliation of these non-GAAP performance measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures. We'll begin today's call with prepared remarks from Fred and Salman. After their comments, we will be going through some of the more popular questions from our investors before transferring to a live Q&A with our covering analysts. And with that out of the way, I'm going to turn the call over to Fred to kick things off.

Fred? Thank you, Charlie. We had two primary objectives for 2023, which we outlined on our first quarter earnings call last year. The first was to energize our previously purchased mining rigs to reach our target of 23x hash. And the second was to optimize our performance to become more effective and more efficient. As the record operational financial results we published today clearly demonstrate, 2023 was an immensely successful year for Marathon, in which we achieved both of our primary objectives. Today, Marathon is one of the largest Bitcoin miners in North America, and whether it be financially, operationally, or technologically, we believe we are setting the pace for this industry. In 2023, we grew our hash rate 253% from 7x a hash to 24.7x a hash, surpassing our target of 23x a hash. At the end of last calendar year, we had over 210,000 Bitcoin miners operating across 11 different sites on three continents, which we believe makes us the largest and most diversified publicly traded miner today. At the same time, we became much more efficient at converting energy into economic value, which is the heart of what we do. During the year, we improved our fleet's efficiency 21% from 30.9 joules per terahash to 24.5 joules per terahash, which means that on top of our scale and our diversified operations, we have one of the most efficient fleets in the industry. Our operations team dedicated significant efforts to enhance the performance of our facilities. In August of 2023, our site in King Mountain only operated at an average of 51% of its operational capacity, and the site in Granbury only averaged 56% of its total capacity. Our team took charge of the situation, flying in to assess and address the issues, and by the end of 2023, our team had optimized both sites such that King Mountain operated an average of 92% of its capacity and Granbury at an average of 99% of its capacity in December. While site performance will fluctuate with seasonality and maintenance, The significant improvements we made underscore the positive impact that our team and our processes can have in our operation. A testament that we are not just effective capital allocators, but excellent operators as well. Our operational expertise is one of the many reasons we are confident that we will be able to successfully integrate and ultimately optimize the two data centers we recently acquired from Generate Capital and any other sites we may acquire in the near or distant future. In 2023, the total Bitcoin network's hash rate experienced a significant increase, doubling from 253 exahash to 509 exahash. This increase in hash rate had the equivalent impact of a halving event. With hash rate doubling, difficulty essentially doubled, and that effectively reduced the reward for mining a block by half, holding all else constant. Meanwhile, Marathon grew more than twice as fast as the rest of the network as we increased our hash rate 253% last year. At the same time, we improved our operational efficiency, improving our fleet efficiency 21%. As a result, we produced a record amount of Bitcoin in 2023. We increased our Bitcoin production 210% year over year from 4,144 Bitcoin in 2022 to 12,852 Bitcoin in 2023. Production improved throughout the year, but the fourth quarter really stood out operationally and financially. By the end of the fourth quarter of 2023, we were operating near full strength after Garden City was fully energized in October, following several months of regulatory delays. In December, we averaged 90% capacity across all sites, and at the same time, we benefited from a huge surge in transaction fees on the Bitcoin network. In December 2023 alone, we produced 1,853 Bitcoin with 380 Bitcoin or 22% of our total production coming from fees. As a result, we produced a record 4,242 Bitcoin in Q4. In Q4 2023 alone, we produced more Bitcoin than we did in all of 2022 and more Bitcoin than three of our top competitors combined. In addition to Q4's record Bitcoin production, we announced several new expansions at the end of last year that are indicative of how we see Marathon evolving. The first announcement was our inaugural pilot project powered by renewable off-grid energy from a landfill in Utah. Our team is still working on finalizing the data, but the preliminary results of this project demonstrate that Bitcoin miners can actually help reduce emissions. The data suggests that the model we helped pioneer of turning trash into cash by mining Bitcoin with stranded methane from landfills is economically viable for miners. For the landfill operator, it is more effective at reducing methane emissions than flaring. Following the landfill gas project in Utah, we also announced our second international expansion and our first deployment into Latin America. In Paraguay, we're working to convert 27 megawatts of unused hydropower into 1.1 exahash of Bitcoin mining capacity. By Marathon standards, this deployment is really just a large-scale pilot, and it serves as an excellent case study for the value that Bitcoin mining can bring to regions throughout the world with excess power. It also demonstrates our ability to replicate the joint venture model that we developed in Abu Dhabi, which allows us to partner with regional experts to quickly and effectively expand our diversified portfolio of Bitcoin mining assets. This experience is essential as we look to grow our footprint internationally and educate the world on the value that Bitcoin mining can bring as a technology solution to the energy sector. Perhaps the most significant announcement from last quarter was our $179 million acquisition of our first fully owned data centers in Kearney, Nebraska and Granbury, Texas. The acquisition closed last month, and the purchase price was subject to customary closing adjustments. With this acquisition, Marathon transformed from a company with 584 megawatts of capacity, 3% of which we directly owned or operated, to one with 910 megawatts of capacity, 45% of which powers sites we directly own. We've already spoken about the strategic importance of owning these sites. of the creative nature of this transaction, and of the opportunities we have to reduce our operational costs at these sites. So I'll refrain from going into detail today. We will be assuming full operation control of them by April 30th or earlier, allowing us to accelerate operational cost savings and optimization. While we're not yet the operators, our team is currently intently focused on engaging the local communities to ensure that we can be the best neighbors possible as we go through the transition process. We believe Bitcoin mining can positively change the world, and that starts with the local communities in which we operate, where our operations create highly skilled jobs and economic contributions for the people of those communities. Before going too far into our future plans, I'm going to turn the call over to Salman to discuss our financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended 2023.

Salman.

Thank you, Fred. We had an excellent fourth quarter to cap off what was an incredibly successful year for Marathon. We produced record revenues, net income, and adjusted EBITDA. And we've entered 2024 with a strong balance sheet that has us well positioned for the upcoming halving and beyond. Now, let me dig into the details. The company reported net income attributable to common stockholders of approximately $152 million or $0.62 for diluted common share in the quarter, compared to a net loss of approximately $392 million or $3.13 per share in the prior year quarter. For the full year, we reported net income of $261 million or $1.06 per diluted share compared to a net loss of $694 million or $6.12 per share in the prior year. In both the quarter and the year, the improvement in profitability was partially due to us choosing to early adopt the new FASB fair value accounting rules. Had the company not early adopted the new FASB fair value accounting rules, Our net income attributable to common stockholders for fourth quarter of 2023 would have been a net loss of $5 million or loss of $0.02 for diluted share and net income of $33 million or $0.17 for diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2023. I will discuss these changes and the impact in more detail shortly. But first, let's dive into mining results. Both quarter revenues were a record $157 million, significantly higher than prior year revenues of $28 million, and were driven by a 172% increase in Bitcoin production, coupled with a 101% higher average price of Bitcoin. For the full year, we recorded revenues of approximately $388 million, also a significant improvement compared to $118 million in the prior year. The improvement year over year was driven by a 210% increase in Bitcoin production and a 2% average price of Bitcoin in 2023 compared to 2022. It is important to note that in 2023, we benefited from the absence of a $333 million impairment of mining equipment and advances to vendors, $183 million impairment of digital assets, an $85 million loss on digital assets held within the investment fund, and a $56 million impairment of deposits, loan, and investment due to vendor bankruptcy, partially offset by an $84 million gain on sale of equipment net of disposals in 2022. Our hosting and energy costs for the three months ended December 31 were $75 million compared to $30 million last year. For the year 2021, Hosting and energy costs were $223 million compared to $73 million in 2022. In both time periods, the increase was primarily due to growth in our mining fleet and related costs. Total cost of revenues, which includes depreciation and amortization, was $146 million in Q4 of 2023 compared to $44 million in Q4 of 2022, an increase of 235%. For the full year, this was $403 million, 166% from $151 million in 2022. Depreciation and amortization for the fourth quarter was $71 million, increasing by $57 million compared to the same period in the prior year. For the full year, depreciation and amortization was $180 million compared to $79 million in 2022. In both periods, The change was predominantly the result of growing our energized hash rate from 7 exahash to 24.7 exahash. We have also early adopted FASB's accounting for and disclosure of crypto assets, which actually requires the measurement of crypto assets at fair value. The adoption of new accounting guidance resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment at the beginning of 2023. In 2023, we increased our Bitcoin holdings 24% from 12,232 Bitcoin to 15,126. Because of the significant amount of Bitcoin we hold on our balance sheet, we recognized a gain on digital assets of $214 million during the fourth quarter of 2023. and a gain on digital assets of $331 million for the full year under this new accounting guidance. As one of the largest holders of Bitcoin among publicly traded companies, we expect the new fair value accounting of Bitcoin to continue to impact our bottom line going forward as the price of Bitcoin fluctuates. The company's non-GAAP total margin, excluding depreciation and amortization, was $82 million this quarter compared to a loss of $1 million in the same quarter last year. For the fiscal year 2023, our non-GAAP total margin, excluding depreciation and amortization, was $164 million compared to $45 million in 2022. In both cases, the change was predominantly related to higher Bitcoin prices, increased production, and increased operation efficiency. In Q4 of 2023, adjusted EBITDA improved to $260 million versus a $374 million loss in the prior year period. For the full year, adjusted EBITDA improved to $420 million from a loss of $543 million in 2022. The drivers of the adjusted EBITDA improvement in both periods include total margin improvement excluding depreciation and amortization, gains on digital assets, and the absence of impairment charges. Due to the impairment charges of $572 million in 2022, we had a gain of over $700 million, which had a positive impact to earnings when compared to last year. General and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, were $20.5 million in Q4 of 2023, compared to $13 million in the prior year period. For the fiscal year 2023, GNA, excluding stock-based compensation, was $63 million, compared to $32 million in 2022. This increase in expenses was primarily due to the increasing scale of the business, including payroll and benefits, professional fees, and other costs. At the end of 2023, we had approximately 60 employees, up from 30 a year ago, and we continue to opportunistically add talent across the organization. Turning to our Bitcoin holdings and cash position, unrestricted cash and cash equivalents total $357 million at December 31, 2023, up $254 million compared to last year. Also at December 31, we held approximately 15,126 Bitcoin with a carrying value of $640 million on the balance sheet. The company's combined balance of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and Bitcoin was approximately $1 billion as of December 31, 2023. We sold 2,365 Bitcoin during Q4 of 2023, realizing cash proceeds of $83 million. During the year, we sold 9,482 Bitcoin and realized cash proceeds of $264 million. These proceeds were utilized to fund operating expenses, including cost of revenues for energy hosting and other cash operating expenses. During the year, we generated $608 million from at-the-market equity sales, which we primarily intend to use for growth capital and other general corporate purposes. As previously discussed, During the year, we took advantage of an opportunity to strengthen our balance sheet by exchanging $417 million in convertible notes for approximately $329 million in equity. This transaction reduced our debt by 56% and saved approximately $101 million, or 55 cents per share, in cash for our stockholders. The combined cash and cash equivalents and Bitcoin on our balance sheet, along with reduced debt and access to at-the-market facility, provides us ample amount of liquidity and optionality to strategically evaluate opportunities as we approach having. We believe the increased value of combined cash and Bitcoin, along with reduced debt, is prudent risk management and source of strength for the company's balance sheet as we enter a potentially turbulent time for the industry. As mentioned in our January production report, our unrestricted cash balance at January 31 was $319 million, and we held approximately 15,741 Bitcoin with a fair value of $670 million. In total, we had approximately $1 billion in unrestricted cash and Bitcoin at the end of January. We continue to actively manage and optimize our treasury by hedging portion of our Bitcoin holdings. The purpose is to mitigate the impacts of extreme volatility in the near term while maintaining the long-term strategy of maximizing the size and value of our treasury. Given Bitcoin's historical volatility, we believe this strategy is integral to improving the resilience of our organization, providing downside risk protection during volatile market conditions, and maximizing our Bitcoin valuation potential. we expect our Bitcoin holdings will generally increase but fluctuate depending on operating and market conditions. And again, due to the significant amount of Bitcoin we hold on our balance sheet, we expect these fluctuations to continue to impact our bottom line with the adoption of the new accounting rules. We intend to add to our Bitcoin holdings primarily through our production activities, and we will also continue to sell Bitcoin as a means of generating cash to fund monthly operating costs, and for general corporate purposes. Given our positive financial results and our robust balance sheet, we believe Marathon is well positioned to achieve our 2024 growth targets and to capitalize on any opportunities that present themselves around the upcoming having. And that completes my update. I'll now turn it back to Fred, who will talk more about our operations and our ongoing plans. Fred?

Thanks, Salman. Those of you who have been tracking our pool will know that Q4's record performance was followed by temporary operational challenges in North Dakota and Texas that started in mid-January and have now been resolved. These sites operated by Applied Digital had unplanned outages due to transformer and transition line maintenance. In both instances, our team immediately began working with our hosting provider to find solutions to the issues, which are now resolved. As of this week, Ellendale is nearly back to full strength and Garden City is re-energized. While these maintenance issues are now resolved, we do currently expect Q4's record performance to outshine the first quarter of this year due to the prolonged impact. Regardless, we're confident that the best and most exciting times for our operation are still to come. One year ago, the world was a very different place for Bitcoin miners and for Marathon. We were in a bear market with Bitcoin's price hovering around $23,000. Marathon itself represented less than 3% of the Bitcoin network with only 7x a hash online. We had 280 megawatt portfolio of Bitcoin mining assets, all based in the United States. We had $226 million of liquidity and we carried $798 million of debt on our balance sheet. Today is a very different story. Bitcoin's price is hovering around $60,000. I just strike out the $55,000 in my script because Bitcoin kept moving up in price today. Marathon represents approximately 5% of the Bitcoin network with over 26X a hash online and more coming. We have a 900 megawatt portfolio of Bitcoin mining assets diversified across 11 sites in three different continents. We have $1 billion of liquidity in our balance sheet and have reduced debt by over $411 million while saving our shareholders $100 million in the process. resulting in net debt of $331 million. We're integrating our first major acquisitions and taking direct control of nearly half of our hash rate, but we're only just getting started. In 2024, we plan to grow our operational hash rate more than 35% to approximately 35 to 37 exahash. By the end of 2025, we plan to be at 50 exahash, which is approximately double our current capacity. These targets are based on our current machine orders and pipeline. However, we believe there are opportunities to accelerate the timeline and realize these targets even sooner. So you may ask, how are we going to get there? To start, we have orders and options for machines that represent upwards of 45 additional exahash, with orders for 22 exahash of miners already placed and inbound, with the option to add another 23 exahash of capacity. Additionally, Marathon's investment in Auradine has already begun to pay dividends by providing us with an additional avenue to increase hash rate at an accelerated pace. If we choose to execute on these orders, we have the potential to reach 69.7 exahash once energized. Since procuring machines is not a constraint on Marathon's growth, the obvious question is where do we deploy the next 45 exahash of miners? The two sites we recently acquired are the first part of the answer. Granbury in particular has substantial expansion potential, which we've discussed in press releases and on our last call. But to meet our appetite for growth, we will need to do much more, which will consist of both organic and inorganic growth, domestically and internationally, with a focus on optimized cost to mine and a sustainable energy source. This is where our balance sheet comes into play. We have been building up a substantial stockpile of dry powder, now totaling over $1 billion between cash and Bitcoin. and we intend to utilize it to continue growing our business through organic and inorganic means as opportunities arise. So far in 2024, we have raised $489.3 million at an average share price of $19.82. As our 10-K will show, we have filed a new shelf, giving us the option to raise an additional $1.5 billion via at-the-market equity offerings. This would bring our total potential war chest to over $2.5 billion if it were fully exercised, the shelf that is. Today, the majority of our 900-megawatt Bitcoin mining portfolio predominantly consists of machines and large data centers that reside near power stations in the United States. We believe there exist significant opportunities to develop utility-scale mining operations based on stranded energy outside of the United States, like our UAE and Paraguay sites. We will look for more opportunities in places such as the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and elsewhere. But our organization is evolving, and with it we believe we can revolutionize the way people think about Bitcoin mining. Our long-term vision for Marathon is a diverse global organization that leverages Bitcoin mining technologies to build a more sustainable and inclusive future. Bitcoin miners excel at two things, consuming stranded energy and generating heat. And while most of our competition is focused on underutilized utility scale grid energy, we are always asking ourselves, what is the best way to utilize our technology and its unique attributes to create the most value? We believe one of those is through Bitcoin mining's version of recycling, which basically means converting what is currently a waste product into a productive resource. The pilot project in Utah, where we converted methane gas generated from a landfill into a productive source of power for Bitcoin mining, is only one example. There are some new projects our team has been developing that have a higher IRR than traditional Bitcoin mining, based on using waste to generate energy and leveraging the heat from Bitcoin mining profitably for low-grade industrial profits. It would be premature to discuss details at this time, but given the scale and diversity of applications, we believe the market opportunity here is substantial and the prospects are incredibly exciting. Heat reuse is a concept that we see becoming more significant and scalable in the coming years. Bitcoin miners are more efficient at generating heat from electricity than most other alternatives, including most space heaters, which do nothing but create heat by consuming electricity. We are currently exploring projects that involve using heat from our mining systems at both large and small scale to provide heat for industrial processes, commercial buildings, homes, and even just a living room. It's only a matter of technology and capability, and Marathon has both. Marathon's technology group is finalizing the development of a highly scalable immersion technology that enables heat reuse projects in many different form factors, sizes, and applications. And we'll be speaking more about this in the near future. Over the next five years, our objective is to have one gigawatt of power dedicated to these various applications that are separate from the utility scale mining we're known for today, but that are directly in line with our core competencies. At the heart of these initiatives is our technology. While our growth team initiates potential new projects and our operations team develops and scales our site, our technology team has been hard at work building and launching new tools and services for those who are building the future of Bitcoins. The first of these is Slipstream, which is the direct transaction submission service we announced last week. For the Bitcoin community, direct submissions are designed to mitigate censorship and encourage development on Bitcoin. For Marathon, the higher fees may help increase revenue. And as far as we know, Marathon is the only miner capable of offering a direct submission service and benefiting from the potential increase in transaction fees because we're the only miner that operates its own mining pool. This is one of the many reasons we believe there is a strategic value to owning our own pool and focusing on vertically integrating our technology stack. Enduro, which we announced earlier today, is another innovation we have been hard at work on. We believe Enduro may be the world's first most Bitcoin native layer two network, and it is intended to serve as infrastructure for the next generation of Bitcoin applications. This is something we have helped incubate, but it is not something that we own. Enduro is for the pioneers striving to redefine blockchain adoption. Therefore, it will be community led and community driven. Why give something like this away for free to the community? It's actually quite straightforward. We have a vested interest in the Bitcoin ecosystem. We're the second largest holder of Bitcoin among publicly traded companies and the largest single publicly traded organization working to process Bitcoin transactions and secure the network. Our core competency is converting energy into economic value in the form of Bitcoin, Therefore, if Bitcoin flourishes, so do we. This is also why we helped raise approximately $800,000 in just four days last year to support Bitcoin core developers, $500,000 of which was contributed by Marathon itself. We believe that Enduro can have a positive impact on the community, but we also recognize that different people have different views on how best to extend the utility of Bitcoin. We believe in testing, iterating, and letting the market decide what works best. It is that experimental and natural mindset that is core to Marathon's DNA. And as we look to scale in 2024 and beyond, it will remain one of the primary differentiators that sets Marathon apart. Marathon's leadership team consists of people who think differently and are willing to try divergent ways to execute and deliver on our vision. While 2023 was a banner year for Marathon, We have never been more optimistic about Marathon's future, and we look forward to building on our accomplishments to leverage all of our assets to build a more sustainable and inclusive future.

And with that, I turn it back to Charlie for Q&A. Thanks, Fred.

At this time, we're going to commence the Q&A section of today's call. We'll start by answering some of the most popular questions submitted by investors through our Q&A platform. So the first question comes from Resq. from Rex R., who asks, is the company more profitable after BTC halving?

I'll take that question. Thank you, Rex. Thank you for asking the question. Just for the benefit of everybody, halvings are unique to this industry and Bitcoin and force the industry to become more efficient every four years. And the drop in the block reward forces the inefficient operators out. and the most efficient one remain. And we expect this likely will help us gain market share as we go through the halving. The impact on Marathon will depend on where the Bitcoin prices go from here. Obviously, there has been a great run in the Bitcoin price recently, and it all depends on how much the competition falls from here as well with those inefficient miners, which could drive some interesting activity in the marketplace. With that, we have a significant Bitcoin holding on our balance sheet. And given that fact, if we do the math, simple terms, every $10,000 change in Bitcoin price will result in approximately $200 million of change in our EBITDA on an annualized basis. And in the current price environment, we expect to be profitable with the assumption that the competition will, certain of those machines will go down and it will provide this opportunity to create more value for our stockholders. Hopefully that answers your question.

One thing I'll just pile on, on top of Salman's great answers. The fact that we are very focused on on growing parts of our business that generate higher IRRs than traditional Bitcoin mining. So we have one of the most efficient seats in the industry. And if you think about the 45 exahash of machines that we have on the inbound between orders and options, and you just look at the orders that are locked for delivery at this point, our efficiency will drop from 24 joules per terahash down to somewhere around 22 or near 21 joules per terahash. Again, maintaining the most efficient fleet in the industry. Our technology investments in heat reuse projects and areas adjacent to Bitcoin mining will allow us to mine Bitcoin at large scale, though across multiple smaller installations. at costs that may at times sometime approach near zero energy costs because of the fact that we're actually paid to generate electricity in some cases. We believe as a miner, if we can target being in that lower quartile of miners, no matter what the price of Bitcoin and what the global hash rate is, we'll always be able to operate relatively profitably.

Great. Thank you both. Our next question comes from Tarek A., who says, I love your work and think you're heading in the right direction. A lot of critics are worried that if the crypto market fluctuates, your company won't be able to handle the fluctuation. Fred Salmon, how do you address that concern?

I'll take that. Well, we've been focused on building resiliency. We're investing in technology, diversifying across the business, and paying down debt, positioning ourselves for the worst of storms, no matter what. what might happen. We have one of the strongest balance sheets in the sector with a billion dollars in cash and Bitcoin, which gives us the strength to survive whatever comes our way. And most importantly, this is not our first cycle. You know, Marathon was built during the last down cycle. And we maneuvered it well and have come out on top of the industry again.

And we've never been more confident in our future. So I hope that answers your question. Thanks, Fred.

We have two questions next that are a little similar, so I'll kind of ask them back to back. The first is from CK, who asks, why did Marathon use equity to purchase 183.5 Bitcoin in January after stating on the Q3 earnings call in November that equity was only to be used to drive growth and hash rate? Also, please explain the 2024 treasury strategy, i.e. what is your target hodl cash for having and the end of 2024? And then similarly, Samir A. asks, will the company purchase any more Bitcoin on its balance sheet? So either of you would like to take that and speak a little bit to Marathon's treasury management strategy?

Sure, I'll take that. Thank you guys for asking the question. Look, the company has stated in the past that we want to utilize equity for growth purposes and investment in ExaHash, whereas we've utilized Bitcoin for paying for our operating costs. And that's primarily what our stated strategy has been, and we followed that along. In terms of how we have used cash, opportunistically, we have looked at the cash to take advantage of drop in Bitcoin price in certain cases. As you know, cash sitting in the balance sheet with the cash amount of cash that we raised, that yields about 5% in U.S. treasuries. And when we look at it, we look at it from an investment standpoint, how can we maximize our investments either in cash or Bitcoin? And there are opportunities that arise like an unusual situation that happened in January with the ETF launches and price went down temporarily. We knew that the price was going to come back up and that was a great opportunity to create more value for our stockholders and we took a small position and that has been a very profitable investment for us instead of 5% rate of return on US Treasuries. But our core business remains Bitcoin mining and our primary focus and source of equity is going to be growth investment. Given the unique situation of Bitcoin price and this was an unusual opportunity, We don't expect these kinds of opportunities to regularly arise, but we will be opportunistic in nature up to a small scale if you like. Our HODL position and cash, it provides us a great mechanism to fight any downturns as the Bitcoin price, different cycles, it goes through the halving, it goes through the up cycle, down cycle. We're in a driving position from that perspective. provides us a great opportunity for investors to write the price as Bitcoin price appreciates from here. Just to summarize, in future, we may monetize Bitcoin for investing in our company or general corporate purchases, but as of now, our focus remains to use equity for growth and Bitcoin for operating costs.

Great. Thanks, Oman.

The next question comes from Michael S., who asks, What is your ETH or Ethereum mining percentage and your Bitcoin mining percentage and overall mining capacity as of today? How much Bitcoin and Ethereum are on hand at the company currently? Fred, do you want to take that one?

Sure. We don't mine ETH. Next question. Short and sweet.

All right. Next question comes from Manhar C., who asks, what are your plans to compete with competitors based on the hashing power metrics? Mara does hold a lot of Bitcoin, but the efficiency is somewhat less as compared to Riot and CleanSpark. Are there any plans to address that?

We're constantly focused on really two things in our mining business, energizing more hash rate and optimizing the hash rate that we have. And our efficiency has increased significantly year over year. partially because of the machines that we deploy and having one of the most energy efficient fleets in the industry and continuing to have that will be a stalwart part of that strategy. We also are the most efficient miner of the publicly traded miners or one of the most efficient on an SG&A basis. And you have to look at the total cost of mine. You can't just look at your marginal cost of mine of Bitcoin. You have to look at the overall costs What is the corporate cost to mine Bitcoin when you add all of the expenses and allocations to it? And we believe that we operate as one of the more efficient miners using that metric already today. But we are very focused on optimization. We're going to continue to roll out more and more parts of our technology across our fleet, which we think is going to increase our operational efficiencies even more. And now as we take control of more and more sites, If you compare us, for example, to CleanSpark and Riot, who own their sites predominantly, whereas Marathon historically has not owned their site, we now own and control 44% of our hash rate. And we expect to see that number grow considerably to the point where the vast majority of our hash rate is owned and operate, which means that we have a significant opportunity for cost reductions just through the operating line, which we believe

will put us on par, if not better, than both of those players. Great. Thanks, Fred.

I think we'll do one more, just kind of in the interest of time. This last question, at least of the prepared questions, comes from Michael W., who asks, what is the plan post-halving to ensure revenue stays the same or goes higher? I think we've addressed this a little, but Fred, do you want to take that one?

Well, when halving occurs, you produce half as many Bitcoin for the same amount of hash rate provided global hash rate stays the same. One of the reasons we have set such aggressive growth targets is to make sure we continue to grow our hash rate and grow our percentage of the global hash rate for all miners. So our focus is rapid growth. Our focus is optimizing existing operating metrics and continuing to generate revenues that are complementary to mining

from our technology products as well as things adjacent to them. Great.

So at this time, we'll wrap up the prepared questions. And again, we really appreciate all the questions and the interest from our investors and the consistent dialogue. So please feel free to keep submitting those and contact us anytime. And at this point, I'm now going to turn the call back to our operator, Kevin, to open the line to questions from our covering analysts. So, Kevin, back to you.

Thank you. Now conducting a question and answer session with Marathon's covering analysts. If you'd like to be placed into question queue at this time, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Our first question is coming from Tyler DiMatteo from BTIG. Your line is now live.

Yeah, hey, everyone. Thank you for taking the time, and good afternoon. Congrats on the excellent 2023 as well. Fred, you know, I'm just curious here. We've made a lot of strides on expanding the hash rate as we roll out these different technology offerings. As you look out for the rest of this year and into 2025, I mean, how do you think about prioritizing the expanding of your own hash versus maybe some of these other tech offerings and kind of just going back and forth between the two?

Sure. Great question. So you can think about our business as organized around three predominant silos. One is what we call utility-scale mining. This is our traditional business, sites like King Mountain. or Granbury, Harney, and what we're kind of doing in UAE, et cetera. Large-scale sites, hundreds of megawatts sitting behind the meter or adjacent to the power source and helping balance grids. We see very large opportunities for that internationally. You know, the UAE sites together are 250 megawatts. Today, we have opportunities to expand further, not just in the Gulf region, but also in Africa and Latin America where we're currently operating in Paraguay, and we'll continue to do that. We believe that's kind of low-hanging fruit. We also believe there are great opportunities domestically, both in the area of greenfield sites as well as existing sites similar to the transactions we did kind of with Granbury and Kearney. The second silo is what we call energy harvesting. This is where we leverage Bitcoin mining as a producer of heat. And we predominantly find sources of energy such as methane flare gas and other forms of, let's just call them recyclable biofuels that we use to generate energy. In some cases, we're actually even paid to do that. to take that material and then recycle heat back into an industrial process, which we're paid for it yet again, and mine in that way. Our technology group has developed solutions, and together with the partners that we started developing relationships with, we're able to build these projects at kind of small, medium, and large scale. And so I think you'll see news later this year of some of the first of those projects arise, and that's the sector of the business that we expect to grow to over a gigawatt of power over the next five years. The technology sector, or silo if you would, today consists of things like pool software, firmware, controller boards, a variety of other technologies, as well as now Flipstream and Enduro. While Enduro is technology we have helped incubate and is not something owned by us that we won't generate revenues from it. Flipstream does generate revenue. So we already have customers that have bought and are using our firmware. We expect to see more sales in those areas. And as our next generation immersion technology comes to market later this year, we expect that to begin to generate significant revenues as well. So if you look over a five-year period, and sorry for the long-winded answer, but if you look over a five-year period, I think what you'll see kind of by the next halving in 2028, 50% of our revenue is coming from traditional utility-scale mining, 50% of the revenue is coming from elsewhere, and 50% of the revenue is domestically, 50% of the revenue is internationally. And I hope that answers your question.

Okay. No, great. Thank you. Really appreciate it. Very helpful. And then Fred, on your comments on Slipstream there, I mean, how should we think about the rollout of that and the actual implementation and generally as management, how are you thinking about bringing that and kind of scaling that to market?

So Slipstream is this really neat technology. It's an API. It's a submission system. So you don't have to call a salesperson. You don't do anything. You go to the website. You submit a block. You pay the price for submitting a block. and that block goes into a queue and off it goes. It's a hands-free system. Think of it as simple as uploading pictures to the iCloud or something like that. It's very simple. The whole idea is it's meant to be hands-free. So if you are an artist and want to submit a block, you can do that. If you're a financial institution and you want to ensure that transactions you're doing will have priority, you could potentially purchase blocks in advance and essentially submit blocks as you need them. So there are lots of opportunities, I think, for people to use this. Again, we're iterating. It's a simple tool. This is technology that the key enabler here is you have to be a miner who operates a pool that's large enough so that you can submit blocks and process blocks, win blocks, with enough frequency so that the temporal nature of the use of the product makes total sense.

Okay, great. Thank you. I'll turn it back to the queue. Really appreciate the time. Yep. Thank you.

Thank you. Next question is coming from Joe Flynn from Compass Point Research. Your line is now live.

Hi, guys. Looks like power prices, you know, creeped up a bit from the third quarter. back then it was like 6.5 cents levels. I'm just kind of curious if you could provide more color there and how we should think about all-in power and hosting costs as you guys transition to the 40% owned data center model.

Thanks. So one way to look at that is you have in our

normal model, pre-being an owner-operator, many times we don't get the benefit of curtailment when an operator of a site curtails and they get the economic benefit of the curtailment. And there were some winter events in Q4 that had an impact there. You also had, because it's wintertime, energy prices may have fluctuated more. I think historically our energy and Our kind of all-in cost has been in and around the six cents per kilowatt hour basis. As we take more control of our sites, the operation side of it, I think you'll see the cost per kilowatt hour drop somewhere between one to one and a half cents, possibly more, per kilowatt hour. The other advantage that we have by being an owner-operator is we can now take advantage of economic curtailment. We can now take advantage of power hedges. We can now take advantage of buying and selling power and doing that. And we have already seen the economic benefit of that on a handful of occasions this year already. So I think time will tell, but the goal is that we should be able to operate where the Operations cost above the power cost is somewhere between three-quarters of a cent to 1.25 cents a kilowatt hour. Take the power cost at about 0.75 to 1.25, and that should be where you could model longer term what the model looks like.

Yeah, just to add to that, the Q4, we had a record production, and that's It's all about the scale, how much of that cost of that production can you squeeze out of that cost associated with that. There's a fixed component of the cost, and with the transaction fee being at a record high this quarter, that certainly helped us as well from a unit cost perspective. Hopefully that helps answer your question.

Great. Thanks, guys. That's all for me.

Thank you.

Next question today is coming from Reginald Smith from J.P. Morgan. Your line is now live.

Hey, good evening. Thanks for taking the question. I guess most topics have been covered, but Fred, I wanted to get your opinion. Obviously, a lot of public miners have announced fairly large ATM offerings. I guess competitively, as you kind of look across the landscape to both, you know, private companies and public companies. Do you have a sense of, you know, how much capital is out there, maybe on the private side as well, to kind of fund growth? And I'm curious, you know, should we expect or do you expect that the public miners will continue to kind of garner a larger and larger piece of the network cash rate? And then the final question, the follow-up to that is just, you know, kind of, What's industry CapEx kind of look like on a normalized basis? I know these are all hard questions, but I think you're the best person to respond.

Okay, I will do my best to answer your question. So I think that, you know, generally speaking, this industry has three choke points, three constraints. It's access to capital, as you mentioned. It's access to capacity, sites to plug miners in, and it's access to minors. In different cycles, there have been different constraint points. In the prior cycle, access to machines was the constraint point. You had $85 per terahash pricing on machines, and today we're still sub-20. So that's obviously not a constraint today. And based on the machine orders you've seen our peers announce and the numbers we just announced, obviously the manufacturers seem to have plenty of capacity to supply us all. So that's not a constraint. On the capital side, the public miners that are ASR eligible, able to raise money through ATMs, have a significant advantage over everybody else. The investment community today is definitely looking for and moving towards a flight of quality, if you will. They're looking for the miners who are able to grow and execute and scale. And the smaller miners are challenged by a There's a certain fixed cost to operate as a miner, if you would, your SG&A. And if you can scale that over a very large capacity, you can be super efficient. But if you're a small-scale miner, that's a lot more difficult. The other thing a small-scale miner has the challenge of doing is getting a site, putting deposits down for PPAs, and having the capital to buy miners. The big challenge today is this is a big boy capital game. If you can't raise large amounts of money, you're going to get left behind. And as you know, Bitcoin mining is a zero sum game. There are only so many Bitcoin available per day. And if you're not out there growing your hash rate, you're falling backwards. And the innovation cycles are accelerating. And so if you think about it this way, the S19J Pro by Bitmain was a machine that started being delivered in late 2020, early 2021. that had an efficiency of about 30 joules per terahash. The XP started being delivered in early 2022, and that had an energy efficiency of 21 joules per terahash, almost a 30% decrease in energy use. And so if you are paying for one megawatt of power, and you had JPROS, and you replaced those JPROS with XPs, then you essentially increased your hash rate by almost 30% overnight without having to pay any additional power or add any additional capacity. In Marathon's case, you know, we came out of the last cycle buying the latest state of the art machines. The vast majority of our fleet today are XPs or better, and we're now currently deploying S21s and other machines like them that are even more efficient than the XPs. So, There's this capex cycle you just have to keep up with. And there is, unfortunately, nothing called normalized capex here because we're entering the phase where maintenance capex starts to catch up with miners. The J-Pro is on the bubble of being profitable come to having here in just a few weeks. XPs will still be profitable, again, providing you have the right power costs. And obviously, the S21s and that next generation will be profitable for some time yet to come. But the miners who are operating S9s, S17s, S19, S19 Pros, they are going to be in a position where they may have to shut off a lot of those machines come to having. Now, Bitcoin has been behaving extremely well. Some of you may remember, I have spoken a number of times over the past six months where my expectation was that Bitcoin's price was going to be in the 40s as we went into the halving. And here we are, and we're at $61,000 today. So this is providing an extra gasp of breath, if you would, for miners who have these older generations of machines. And it's giving them an opportunity to raise some money right now. And so you're seeing some capital going into the private markets. What you don't have this cycle that you did have in prior cycles is nobody is lending on equipment, right? You can't go call NYDIG or Galaxy and say, hey, guess what? I want you to lend me and front me the money for these miners. And so the only way to do that is to convince somebody like Bitmain, a hardware vendor, to do it for you. And then what you're really doing is just operating a hosting site on their behalf, and you're getting paid a little bit extra to do that. And so I think this is the cycle where you start to see consolidation, where hash rate moves towards the larger miners. That being said, publicly traded miners market share of global hash rate is declining. Why? Because sovereign nations, as well as large, very well-funded private companies are getting into this business, buying the latest machines, without this maintenance capex cycle hanging over them and building a lot of capacity. You're familiar with the Kingdom of Bhutan working with Bitdeer to add 200 megawatts of capacity. You're seeing miners now in Ethiopia, Chinese miners moving to Ethiopia, doing hundreds of megawatts of power. There is lots of power available if you can find it, and if you have the money to do it. The problem is most of the mom and pop miners, any miner who has less than 10x a hash, in my mind, will be out of business by the end of this cycle. They just can't raise the money. They don't have the critical mass to do it. And that doesn't mean that they're going to get bought up by, you know, ourselves and Riot and CleanSpark and people like that. It just means they're going to go out of business. And so, meanwhile, global hashrate's going to continue to grow everywhere else. So, you know, this is very much, unfortunately, a business where, kind of like in the jungle, you know, A gazelle gets up every morning and has to run faster than the lion that's chasing it. And the lion has to get up every morning and run faster than the gazelle so it can eat and survive. And that's kind of what just happens here. It's this constant drive to grow, grow, grow. And as Bitcoin now starts developing into this asset class, which institutions hold, you know, you're already starting to see this with the ETFs. Record inflows into the ETFs. As of last week, total AUM in ETFs was 40% of the total AUM in gold ETFs, which is insane. And as money keeps going into those areas, it's Bitcoin that won't cycle back out into the market. And so you look at exchanges today, their lowest volume of crypto available, of Bitcoin available on exchanges, kind of historically normalized for where we are in the cycle. So I think it's going to be very hard for people in this industry to keep up because Bitcoin's price is going to grow and the volatility is going to start to decrease. It's going to start to normalize. And at that point, margin compression will happen in the business. And if you don't have scale, you'll be out of business. And our goal is being one of the largest miners in the world is to have the scale, the operational capacity, the optimized cost structure and the revenue streams that, um, are adjacent to and associated with Bitcoin mining that, think of it this way, can subsidize our cost of mine, or that because of the revenue streams coming in through heat reuse, et cetera, do subsidize the cost of mine, make up the operator who is kind of at the lead of this pack in the bottom quartile cost-wise, so we will always be operational, we'll always be able to mine, kind of no matter what the price of Bitcoin, you know, obviously within reason, right? So hopefully that answered your question.

That was a great, great answer. I feel like I just had a master class on Bitcoin mining. I should send you tuition or something. No, I appreciate that.

I'll send you a bill. All right, cool.

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Kevin Deedy from HC Wainwright. Your line is now live.

Thank you. Hi, Fred. Hey, Kevin. Thanks for having me on the call. A little more granular here, Fred. 22 X to hash to come out this year and 35 to 37 potentially. Can you give us some insight on how you see adding it to your network?

Sure. If you're thinking, where are we going to put it? Well, one of the reasons... No, no, no.

I apologize, Fred. You made that clear in your prepared remarks. We're concerned about the timing. Just so we have... you know, a view to how you see Marathon's hash rate increase through the course of the year?

Sure. You know, if we had historically been a kind of de novo site developer, I could give you a whole pipeline with a chart of, okay, these sites will energize on this month, et cetera. You know, that's not been our historical model. Our historical model has been, you know, as you know, agile, grow quickly. And we're now in the business of being more of an owner-operator and vertically integrating. So you can think of sites across three buckets. There's the bucket of, I'm going to go buy things like Granbury and Kearney, where there's excess capacity with an ability to grow. And as the hosting customers at those sites age out, as those contracts age out, we will absorb all that capacity ourselves. So we're looking, think of it this way, you know, you have a site with 100 megawatts, maybe 80 megawatts is used, okay, we can plug 20 megawatts of miners, and then over the next two years, you know, half of those contracts for the 80 megawatts will age out, and we'll start deploying more and more miners there, and oh, by the way, that site could potentially add 100 or 200 megawatts more because of the substation, and we'll develop that and add that capacity. So, Not to give everybody our playbook. You can send me an email. Happy to send it to you. But that's how you look at that bucket. If you look at the next bucket, it's sites that somebody may have permitted. Somebody has gotten some form of allocation of power. There's a substation available. They may even have transformers on the ground. But they haven't built the site yet because they don't have money. And this is kind of back to Reggie's question, right? It's the There are people who have sites locked up that they can't raise the money to develop them because investors aren't willing to give you money in today's kind of market for Bitcoin mining data centers because they prefer to give money to people building AI data centers because there's a lot more money to be made there if you believe people who believe that that's the case. We happen to believe Bitcoin mining is the place to be, but we'll let the rest of that be up to contention. So those are kind of, think of them as halfway done sites. It's kind of like in the real estate development world, it's not raw land. You've actually bought the land, got it entitled, you've laid the sewage and utility lines, and now you're going out calling to the home builders and saying, hey, you know, I've got 16 lots here, you want to build a home? So that's that kind of middle bucket. These are sites that could be energized and online in a six to 18 month window. Then you have the true greenfield sites, where we have folks that are out today scouring opportunities to acquire access to power, access to land, access to transmission, interconnect, et cetera, on a global basis, not just in the US. And those are kind of 18 to 24, 36 month type projects. And so we believe that as a global world-class Bitcoin miner, you need to build a stack, if you would, of staggered projects that give you immediate capacity, midterm capacity, and long-term capacity, but that all have optionality. So I'll give you an example. Granbury, Texas has about almost 300 megawatts of capacity today. There's an opportunity to expand it because the power station has lots of power. So that gives us optionality. We could add more capacity to it if we want to invest the money to it. So you already have a site. You already have a power partner. You already have access to substations, et cetera. It's just a question of when do you want to start developing it and how much money do you want to spend to develop it? And what are you going to use that site for? Immersion, air-cooled, whatever. Longer term sites, the optionality is it's very inexpensive to tie up an option on long-term power access to a substation, relatively speaking, when you talk on a per megawatt hour basis, and leased land. And you can sit there, and this is the business that in the old days the kind of compute norks of the world used to do, which is they would go out and they would tie up a deal with a power company, and then they'd go find a miner who would essentially be willing to fund the the build out of the site, and then 12, 18 months later, you plug in. The King Mountain site in Texas was done that way. We engaged with Compute North back in the day. They engaged with NextEra Energy, and they got the power, they got everything permitted, and then they built the site, and then we came in. In this case, we're acting as the builder operator of those sites. And so we're working along all three of those tranches, if you would today, uh, with partners and directly ourselves. And so we, our goal is essentially to have a, think of it as a store, a storehouse full of either readily available immediately today, um, mining capacity, uh, midterm available capacity. That's there's an option for us. You know, we know that when we need it 12 months out, we just turn the crank and it'll be operational. Already permitted, you know, you already have all the transmission, et cetera. And then the longer-term sites where we want to build 100 megawatts, 200 megawatts, 500 megawatts at a location where we may have 700 megawatts of potential capacity if we're willing to do the longer-term investment. And especially internationally, those longer-term, you know, that last bucket, there is a lot of available opportunity there. Ethiopia, Paraguay. et cetera, et cetera. So, you know, the goal here to build a really resilient business is you build a huge pipeline and lock up potential capacity of sites with optionality to it. And by the way, I'll mention one thing, the Granbury site, for example, the way the PPA works there is that it's not like we have to take all the power. We can actually, in the event of really bad pricing in the marketplace, scale it back. We have ultimate optionality there, which is the best thing. You look for creating a portfolio of capacity that is short, medium, and long-term. You look to have a portfolio and access to technology, which is short, medium, and long-term. I'll touch on that bucket right now. Short-term is Bitmain, ship me S21s.

Medium-term is you know, MicroBT, Bitmain, Canon, I want access to your chips.

I'm going to lock up a supply of chips. You're going to sit on them for me. And then I'm going to tell you when I want you to build the miners. This is a very different model. This is a model from the PC industry and the technology industry. And no small player can do this. You have to be able to write a $50, $100 million check to one of these people and say, I want so many wafers, your chips. And then when I tell you to, I want you to turn in the miners. And in that way, I can lock up capacity and I have no worry about getting access to chips. And the last one is what we've done with Auradon, where we actually own a part of the company who's designing the chips. Why is that important? Because we can get miners that have specs specifically suited to our needs and use cases. And when you see the two-phase immersion technology that we'll be releasing later this year, you will see the benefit of that. Where any other traditional miner, whether it's Riot or CleanSpark, if they don't know how to build technology products, they are going to be buying off-the-shelf PCs when we're busy building custom-built high-performance systems. And that's the differentiator, longer term, that we believe is the biggest moat with these guys.

I'm very much looking forward to seeing Ardine's product in action. So thank you for that color. Can we peel the onion back just a little bit more, though, Fred? Based on the numbers that you offered this afternoon, 22x to hash, you're at 24 now. Does that mean you're at 27 by the end of March? Or if you're going for 35, does it mean you're at – 40 by the end of June. How should we think about how that capacity actually comes online through the year?

So we're already at 27. We were at 27 at the end of the year, pretty much. Okay. So I think the way you have to look at it, Kevin, is I'm not going to lay it up for you because we are going to play the game here where... In 2022, we said we're going to deploy this hash rate. We had these machines, and then I was getting the question, hey, are they plugged in yet? Are they plugged in yet? Are they plugged in yet? So we're just going to talk about stuff when it goes live going forward. So we're giving you an idea as to what our pipeline of equipment is. Unfortunately, I can't help you model the when because you're going to see it will come in very interesting lumps, not smoothly. But when it comes, it's going to come a combination of at a rush and then in blocks. So I wish I could say more, but okay.

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Lucas Pipes from B Reilly Securities. Your line is now live.

Thank you very much, operator. Good afternoon, evening, everyone. Fred, my question is around the capital budget for 2024. What is it and would you be able to break it down between miners and infrastructure? Thank you very much.

I'll answer that question.

Yeah, Lucas, I think we talked about it last time as well. This is what we're looking at from a total capital perspective with the with the targeted growth that Fred talked about earlier today, we're somewhere around north of $200 million, so somewhere between $200 to $245 million, somewhere in that range. And that includes our minor purchases and approximately $180 million or so. Just a quick reminder, we have been buying and paying some of these miners. So some of those payments may have already happened. I'm just talking about the accounting capital here. In terms of the rest of the stuff, we have other technology businesses and other ancillary businesses that Fred talked about. A small portion of that will be allocated to that. And then on top of that, we also purchased Generate's assets in Kearney and Nebraska, and also Granbury in Texas. And that will be added to the capital, which is sunk cost at this stage, but that was about approximately $180 million.

And that, of course, is separate and on top of the other numbers you mentioned. Yes. And I heard it right. It's kind of $245 million for 2024, and about $180 million of that is for miners. That is correct.

All right. I appreciate it. Thank you very much. Good luck. Thank you. Our next question is coming from Brian Dobson from Trotting Capital Markets. Your line is now live. Thanks for taking my question.

So you mentioned as we head into the halving, it's very likely for smaller miners to be pushed out of business. Do you have a view on the potential magnitude of the decline we could see in global hash? And could that decline potentially be offset by some of the other players you mentioned, like nation states or large private entities?

Great question. One way to look at this is look at the nonce analysis work that a number of people have done that's been published readily and readily available, where you essentially can see the amount of hash rate coming from what category of machine, and in some cases, locations, and even energy prices, pricing data, if you have the ability to do that analysis. So there's a, the industry average efficiency today is somewhere around 30 joules per terahash. You know, 30, 33 kind of varies depending on how many machines are on at any given time when you look at the analysis. So at 33 joules per terahash and Bitcoin at kind of, you know, 55,000 post halving, you'll likely see anywhere from 11 to 18% of the hash rate come off. Now, it may not come off all at once. You know, some people may have a few million dollars in the bank and they're willing to say, you know what, I'm not going to shut off because I'm going to let the other suckers shut off so that I get the benefit of the hash rate dropping and now I'm profitable again. And so I'm willing to take a loss for a month or two or three or four maybe. So I would kind of say if you have to look at kind of the window kind of, you know, having And then the first six months post halving, that's when you're going to see kind of the people who are hanging on for dear life are going to hang on as long as they can. Other people are going to say, no, I'm out. I'm going to shut down and wait for better days, wait for Bitcoin price to go up or not. What you are not going to see based on the announcements of ourselves and our peers is the rest of the world slowdown. And so you may very well have a world where by the end of this year, global hash rate is 20 to 30 percent higher than it is today. You may have a world worth the exact same as it is today. What I will tell you is that obviously it's very dependent on the price of Bitcoin. And the fact that, you know, I'll go back to the thing about the ETF. When with the ETF sucking up Bitcoin and realize nobody can print Bitcoin. You know, people talk about supply shock of the having. Yeah, you go from 900 Bitcoin to 450 a day. So what? If every mine, you know, 450 Bitcoin a day isn't going to do anything to the supply in the marketplace. What is doing it, what is creating a problem is the ETFs as they continue to vacuum up Bitcoin. And I don't really see it abating. It may not grow, but I don't see it abating based on the conversations I'm having with institutional investors, certainly. is that the available supply of Bitcoin in the market is going to start drying up. It already is. It's at record lows on exchanges. What that does is causes huge volatility swings in price, right? That's where somebody at night when the ETFs aren't buying can short Bitcoin, drop the price down because there's no real demand. And then in the morning when demand comes up, the price goes back up and there are already traders doing it. You may have seen, a couple days last week or the week before where quant funds went in and 10x the volume that a couple of ETFs were doing as a test for this exact strategy. I'm going to go short Bitcoin, then spot Bitcoin outside of the ETF markets, drop the price, buy it up, and then let the ETFs come back, drive it right back up and sell it again. So you are going to see a market that is going to be having a lot of gyrations in it. And when that happens, some miners will say, oh, my God, Bitcoin price dropped. I'm going to shut down. Oh, my God, Bitcoin price is going back up. I'm going to turn on. And you're going to see hash rate bouncing up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down. And it's going to make for a crazy world. So I think some miners are going to become sporadic miners if they have the right type of energy pricing contract. Miners that have PPAs, whether it's take or pay, they have to buy All 50 megawatts of the energy they're contracted to, especially hosted miners. And let me take a minute and say that the third party hosting business is dead. Nobody who's hosting S19J pros and paying six and a half cents, seven cents, eight cents can be in business anymore.

As opposed to having, unless Bitcoin just goes on a real tear.

because they just won't be able to afford to do it. Because they're not getting the economic benefit of curtailment. They can't subsidize their mining costs through other means. And so it's this third-party hosting business, the retail hosters, other than people who want to host because they do it for vanity purposes. I really don't see that business. And I get calls very frequently now from people who are hosting miners in locations saying, hey, do you want to buy my hosting contract. You want to buy the miners I have plugged in here and just take them over for me. And so I foresee that business dying. And so that'll be a certain portion of hash rate that temporarily will come off. But by the same token, there's somebody like me saying, you know what, I'm calling every third party hosting guy saying, Hey, listen, you know, do you want to, you know, if you have an empty shelf, you know, I may be interested in buying the shelf from you. I'm not going to pay you a hosting fee, but I'll buy the shelf from you. And I may buy you. if you're interested in it. And so this is where I think you're going to see the consolidation. And this is where balance sheet makes, is so important and just availability of cash. And so anyway, could go on for a long time on this, but I won't.

Yeah, no, I think as just a quick follow-up to that. So is that where you see, call it the lion's share of appealing M&A post-havings in that third-party hosting segment?

Yeah. To some extent, again, who can afford to do it? I don't see Riot, CleanSpark, ourselves. Yes, but Core most probably not. Core's business model is predicated on a $0.07 hash price. We'll be at $0.04 for having. I think miners with a lot of debt, miners with balance sheets that are kind of wonky, can't raise capital. you know, aren't going to be able to do much. And, you know, in the case of Core, they have a big brother whose name is Bitmain who's able to, you know, plug miners in. They can do a kind of a rev share deal that way. But that's not a way to service $700 million of debt. So, yeah, the large-scale hosters or others, you know, Riot and Core are kind of disappearing and converting to self-mining. And the small-scale hosters, they can't afford to buy their own miners. So I don't know what they're going to do.

And if they don't have good power prices, nobody's going to want to buy them. Thank you. We've reached the end of our question and answer session. I'd like to turn the floor back over to Charlie for any further closing comments.

Thanks, Kevin. Thank you all for your time today. If you have questions that were not answered during today's call, please feel free to contact our investor relations team at iratmara.com. Thank you and enjoy the rest of the day.

Thank you. That does conclude today's teleconference and webcast. You may disconnect your line at this time and have a wonderful day. We thank you for your participation today.