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spk13: Thank you for standing by and welcome to Micron Technologies' post earnings analyst call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speakers prepare remarks, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during this session, you'll need to press star 1-1 on your telephone. If your question has been answered and you'd like to remove yourself from the queue, simply press star 1-1 again. As a reminder, today's program is being recorded. And now I'd like to hand the program over to Satya Komar, Investor Relations.
spk01: Thank you and welcome to Micron Technologies' fiscal third quarter 2024 post earnings analyst call. On the call with me today are Sumit Sadhana, Micron's Chief Business Officer, Manish Bhatia, EVP of Global Operations, and Mark Murphy, our CFO. As a reminder, the matters we're discussing today include forward-looking statements regarding market demand and supply, market trends and drivers, and our expected results and guidance and other matters. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from statements made today. We refer you to documents we have filed with the SEC, including our most recent Form 10Q and upcoming 10Q for discussion of risks that may affect our results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, and achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these to actual results. We can now open the call up for Q&A.
spk13: Certainly. One moment for our first question. And our first question comes from the line of CJ Muse from Cancer Fitzgerald. Your question, please.
spk08: Yeah, good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. Your first question, you're ramping capex significantly here in fiscal 25, but it certainly sounds like Greenfield is only coming fiscal 27 at the earliest. So I guess how do we think about you getting to your DRAM market share for HBM in 25? Is that all just conversions from DDR5 and then I guess with DDR5 supply, it would appear that that will be significantly undersupplied by you guys if that's kind of the plan into 25 for you guys.
spk09: I see, Jay, Sminesh. I'll take that and then Mark can add some comments. Yes, the new US projects both will provide DRAM bit growth only towards the latter half of the decade. We said Idaho starting in meaningful supply in 27 and New York 28 or later. So our bit growth in the near-term in DRAM is going to come from the technology transitions that we have in both Taiwan and Japan. And we're still ramping our one beta, which is the industry's best node right now. And we expect to begin production ramp of our one gamma and actually implement that both in Taiwan and then eventually in Japan as well. We announced last year that we're going to be enabling EUV in Japan so that we can ramp the one gamma node there as well. So our bit growth in the intervening period before we get to the new US manufacturing sites will be driven by technology transitions in our existing footprint. And we have space and everything lined up to be able to do that.
spk04: And T.J., I would only add that we did say that through 25 and we would expect that to into 26 that we would be at approaching our target levels of inventory by end of 25. We'll be lean on inventories as we see it in 26. We are already sort of prioritizing bits to higher value markets now, which is driving interesting customers for longer-term agreement discussions earlier than they typically would and behavior like that.
spk09: And I think it's good to say what we are saying. Our goal is to maintain our market share, to grow our HBM share. And sometime in calendar year 25, we'll get our HBM share to match our DRAM overall bit share and then maintain our market share from there on.
spk08: Very helpful. Just a quick follow-up on HBM3E, obviously not mature product from a yield perspective. I guess when you're setting out pricing early in a yield ramp, how does that work? Do you set higher pricing knowing that you're going to have worse yields and as that improves, you share that benefit with your customers or is that something that you hold yourselves? How should we think about that?
spk05: Yeah, so the, this is Sumit here. We have these pricing agreements done for 2024 as well as most of 2025 pricing is also all done. We are sold off for 2025 from a volume perspective pricing, almost done for all of 2025 as well. And the pricing is set at a level where we expect the overall gross margin to be at robust levels consistent with the value this product provides to our customers and the end customers. And it is obviously the most complex product that the industry has ever done. So the pricing also contemplates that. And of course, the pricing is done in a fairly consistent way across time. And obviously as the product ramps, the costs come down, the yields improve, then the gross margin improves over time. That's typically how it works for pretty much all the products. And the early level of gross margin is lower than what the mature yield gross margin ends up being. Despite that and us being very early in the yield ramp of HBM, we have said that our first full quarter of production with over $100 million of revenue already achieved HBM margins that were accreted to the company margins as well as to the company's DRAM margins.
spk08: Thank you very much.
spk13: Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Aaron Rakers from Wells Fargo. Your question, please.
spk03: Yeah, thanks for doing the after call and let me ask a question. So going on the HBM discussion a little bit farther, I guess two quarters ago I think you guys reported some prepayments. Given the agreements that you're establishing on HBM, I'm curious, is there any update to the prepayments? I think it was $600 million previously these last two quarters. And then I guess as part of that, how do I think about the capacity footprint of HBM, how that's evolved over the course of this last quarter? Is there any flexibility to move that higher or are you just pretty much completely set for fiscal 25 at this point?
spk05: Yeah, I'll take the prepayment question and then I'll turn it over to Manish to talk about the HBM manufacturing footprint. In terms of prepayments, we have had, like you said, some level of prepayments and we continue to have these discussions with customers about their goals and desires to enter into these agreements with us and use prepayments as appropriate as part of the discussion and value from both sides in terms of the puts and takes on the various terms in the agreement. And so we'll continue to evaluate these sort of opportunities. Of course, as you know, in 2023, we have had a tough downturn in the industry. So as we were coming out of it, we were definitely open to some of these discussions. We remain open to some of these discussions. However, as Mark and Sanjay have provided to you in the earlier call and in the prepared Our expectation is that we will fund a lot of the capital investments for next year and the growth in those capital investments for next year through our operating cash flow and still have robust growth in our free cash flow for next year. So we are going to continue to rely on that, but there can be opportunities to enter into certain unique types of arrangements with customers and we continue to evaluate those on a case by case basis. And I'll turn it over to Manish to talk about the footprint.
spk09: Sure. So, and you know that we're coming from a very low base installed capacity for HBM, given our decision to skip HBM 3 and really focus on our HBM 3E where we felt we would product differentiation capability, which our technology and product team have really delivered and our customers are really appreciating. But so our goal and we set the target to intercept our normal DMR market share with our HBM share to match our overall DMR market share in calendar year 25 and that's what we're marching towards. And so our investments in the unique HBM equipment, our investments in clean room space are all marching towards that and we're on that ramp trajectory and confident in achieving that. Just keep in mind a couple of things. The clean room space that we're enabling for this HBM ramp is more complex than standard assembly clean room space. So that's one element of what we're working towards to be able to reach that goal. But the ramp is significant given where we're starting from, but we're confident we're going to be able to achieve that goal and do so with world class quality, world class yield and excellent cost structure. Thank you. And
spk03: Mark, just a quick follow up. How do you think about operating expenses as the fundamentals improve from here? I know you gave this quarter's guidance, but just curious of how you would think about the glide path beyond this quarter.
spk04: Yeah, we did well in the quarter on OPEC. We demonstrated control. Again, we're at the lower end of the guide on our OPEC. It's up in fourth quarter as we said and that's driven really by primarily R&D program expenses, but we also had in the third quarter, which was built into our guidance, a land sale that was about a third of, you know, would be responsible for about a third of the increase from third to fourth quarter. In November quarter, we do see OPEC's picking up again, again driven principally by R&D program expenses. You know, great work on the NAND front. Also number of DRAM related activities, including HBM development. So we would expect, you know, OPEC's to be up sort of mid single digits, 4Q to 1Q, over 1.1 billion and then some, yeah, some modest increase sequentially through the year in 25. Yeah.
spk03: Thank you, Mark.
spk13: Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Srinu Pajari from Raymond James. Your question, please.
spk06: Yeah, thank you, guys. My question is on inventories at your customers, maybe, you know, just looking at your PC and smartphone customers, there's some talk that some of the customers pre-build some inventory ahead of the price increases. If you can talk about, you know, what your view based on your visibility as to how much inventory they are holding. And then on the data center, it looks like the inventory correction is mostly done. And, you know, I'm just curious, you know, you talked about, you know, some optimism about even standard server demand picking up a bit. So I was wondering if you can, you know, comment on that as well.
spk05: Yeah, I mean, I'll comment on the data center first and then we'll go to PCs and smartphones. On the data center side, we had been saying for some time that we expect the data center demand to start returning in the first half of calendar 24. And that has been pretty much on target. And as the second calendar quarter or third fiscal quarter continued, we saw a strengthening of that demand in the data center. And that strong trend has continued, mainly driven by AI. So, you know, it started with a lot of the demand coming from AI. And then we are starting to see, and we had mentioned this earlier, we had started to see some early signs of improvement in demand in traditional servers. And that kind of demand improvement is continuing. So that's a positive sign overall in the data center beyond just the AI servers as well. And the inventory is pretty normalized in the data center. And a lot of the demand comes with a level of urgency. And we have been trying to chase that supply because the leading edge nodes are tight. Now, you know, we had mentioned in terms of the shape of the recovery of the industry for certain end markets that coming out of the 2023 downturn that PCs and smartphones would pick up in terms of volume before data center. And that has been exactly how it transpired. We started seeing strength in those segments late in calendar 24. And then that strength continued into calendar Q1, et cetera. And so, yes, those customers have purchased and built some inventory because of three important factors. One relates to obviously the price strength that was being discussed with customers in terms of the trajectory of pricing. We have also articulated that we expect pricing to continue to increase throughout calendar 2024. And so that has been an incentive for some customers to purchase some of the volume ahead. The second factor relates to our customers' own expectations of demand growth in their business as they launch AI PCs and AI smartphones. These obviously come with higher average capacities. We have spoken about that quite a bit in our prepared remarks. And if you look at the expectations of replacement cycles and unit volume increases, we have fairly modest assumptions in terms of unit volume growth this year, only low single digit percentage in PCs, mid single digit percentage in smartphones. And even next year, our expectations are fairly modest, but there could be upsides. Some of our customers are expecting higher levels of unit volume growth next year than what we are modeling. And so there could be upsides. And that could be driven by a stronger replacement cycle driven by these AI capabilities in smartphones and PCs. So that brings us to the third portion of their drive to build some buffer, which is that some of these customers are getting concerned about their ability to get their hands on supply next year. And this is part of what is driving some of these earlier than usual discussions on LTAs, these long term agreements for 2025 calendar year supply, because the growth in the data center continues at a pretty robust pace. The HBM growth, as we have said earlier, with that three to one trade ratio displaces a lot of wafers. And between HBM, high cap DIMM, et cetera, on the DLAM side, AI server growth, return of traditional server growth. And if you get any of this growth in the PC and smartphone space, pretty soon you get to a very quickly a scenario where the supply growth in the industry is unable to keep up with the demand growth. And that is causing customers to pull in some of these discussions about supply and they are getting some extra inventory to guard against that. So that's sort of the high level perspective on that.
spk06: Great. Sumit, maybe one quick follow up on that. You mentioned the high cap DIMMs as one of the strong areas in the quarter. Just curious, how does high cap DIMM compare versus HBM in terms of the proprietary nature of the product and the complexity and also given that it's higher margin seems like than in DDR, is it as good a margin as HBM and also do you think that sustains? And also if you could put that into some context as to how big the SAM is, what the applications are for this particular product. Thank you.
spk05: Yeah, I think first I just mentioned that and this is an important clarification, we define high cap DIMMs as anything that is more than 64GB of DIMM capacity. So 96GB, 128GB and higher. Anything that is 96GB or higher, we classify that as high cap DIMMs. Now when it comes to high cap DIMMs, we were one of the first ones to introduce 96GB DIMMs in the industry and when you look at 128GB DIMMs, Micron was the first company to introduce a monolithic 32GB die based 128GB DIMM. So I know it's a mouthful but essentially it's a DIMM hit without use of DSP. So it is extraordinarily cost efficient product and we were able to demonstrate that this product actually has lower latency than DSP based DIMMs and higher performance and so it's a very, very good world class product and Micron is really one of the first ones in the market with this and we have a very compelling cost structure on this. Now these products going to AI servers, I've mentioned before, these AI server growth has been very robust and the demand has been strong for these high cap DIMMs and we have definitely very equative margins on these products compared to the company margins and both HPM and high cap DIMM have some of the stronger margin profiles in the DRAM portfolio, very equative to the overall company level but I'll also mention that obviously the rest of the company product pricing is increasing quarter on quarter and that rest of the company portfolio pricing keeps improving the margins of the rest of the company portfolio so that's a positive but these two products are very robust margins.
spk06: Thank you.
spk13: Thank you and our next question comes from the line
spk07: of
spk13: Brian Chin from
spk07: Stiefel. Your question please.
spk12: Yeah, it's Brian Chin here. Thanks for taking a few questions. Maybe just one kind of nearer term first. I know you give sort of detailed P&Ls between DRAM and NAND but maybe just kind of in terms of a crossover. Was your NAND business profitable in fiscal 3Q or if not do you expect it to be in fiscal 4Q and is that low single digit that shipment growth guidance in NAND reflecting more of the pull forward of smartphone demand or is that somewhat reflective of your increasing bit shipment constraint as utilization rates there fully recover?
spk04: Yeah, Brian, what we disclosed, you'll see the queue tomorrow. I can say that the NAND business overall gross margins improved in the third quarter and then at the segment level probably the best proxy for that business is the storage business unit and that business did deliver operating profit in the quarter which is substantially improved from the prior quarter.
spk12: Go ahead. And then just that part about the forward guidance for bit shipment growth low single digits in NAND.
spk05: Yeah, I think in terms of the growth in NAND on a quarter to quarter basis there are always all kinds of ebbs and flows between quarters and the important thing that we are trying to do is to shift our mix towards the data center and that is obviously a lot of demand that we are chasing at very good prices and margins compared to the rest of the NAND portfolio. So that's what we are doing and all of the changes that we reported in terms of our revenue, like for example our mobile business you referred to the smartphone volumes, our mobile business was down 1% in FQ3. That was all planned changes in volume and mixed changes happening in our business. The overall trends for 2024 calendar year for the mobile business have been fairly stable and consistent with what we have been mentioning for several quarters now that our expectation has been in that sell through of mobile phones to be in that mid single digit percentage unit volume growth for calendar 24. If anything calendar 2020 for Q1 numbers that were reported out of the industry in terms of sell through are better than what the overall full year expectation would suggest, but we are not changing our outlook at this time.
spk12: Great, and maybe just for my follow up, I think other folks have maybe tried to get at this somewhat as well, but at the expected level of capex you are currently communicating now for fiscal 25 and understanding that more than half of that increase is for construction capex. Is it reasonable to expect Micron will be able to increase bit supply in that mid teens for DRAM, maybe high teens for NAND next year, or would more investment be needed to grow in line with the market if bit demand is at that level or even stronger next year?
spk09: So Brian, just trying to parse your question out, a couple of just clarifications. We said that more than the half or more of the increase in capex between expected increase in capex between fiscal 24 and 25 will be for the US construction capex, right? And so we do have some other ongoing facilities and work around the rest of our footprint in Asia, as I mentioned on the call earlier, to be able to enable our technology transitions. And that's really the answer is that our technology transitions for DRAM in Japan and Taiwan, again, one beta continuing to ramp and then one gamma being introduced in calendar year 2025, those are going to be sufficient even with the growing penetration of HBM for us to be able to maintain our market share in that mid teens range. And we believe we can achieve the long term category with that. As technology transitions become less efficient, as demand continues to grow and HBM penetration grows, we do, as we've said for many years, expect greenfield wafer capacity growth to be needed. And that's timed with these US projects, which will be towards the latter half of the decade.
spk05: Yeah. And just to just to build on that, the 2025 calendar year and fiscal year for us, we expect to have we expect to maintain our bid share across both DRAM and NAND. And part of that part of those shipments will come from inventory. So you have heard Mark mentioned to you that our inventory will normalize by the end of 2025. And and part of that inventory is going to be helping us ensure that we can maintain flat bid share next year.
spk07: OK, thanks. Very helpful.
spk13: Thank
spk07: you.
spk13: And our next question comes from the line of harsh Kumar from Piper Sandler. Your question, please.
spk10: Yeah. Hey, guys. When I kind of look at your long term model and I look back a little bit, I saw that your peak margins are somewhere in the sixty one and a half percent range. Now, you've got contracted pricing for HBM sounds like for twenty four and twenty five. But it's hard for me to think that your pricing would call for HBM gross margin to be in that range and in that sixty percent range, because that's what logic commands. Could you I was wondering if you could give us an idea of what your aspirational gross margin is. And if you can for HBM and if you can't give us a number, maybe help us think about a framework so that we can try and get an idea of where you might be, what you might be planning for margins for HBM.
spk05: Yeah, I mean, we're obviously not disclosing our HBM margins, but you can you can imagine that we certainly have this view that the industry is in a tight spot. And so, you know, we're in a tight place today. We expect to have continued price increases in twenty four calendar year and going into fiscal and calendar twenty five. We obviously continue to see tight and tightening industry conditions due to the growth of HBM data center growth. You know, all of the other segments going into driven growth mode. And so obviously, when we think about fixing pricing for all of calendar twenty twenty five for HBM, we are going to do the pricing with that backdrop in mind that we want to fix pricing at a level that we don't regret later. And of course, the industry is going to continue to strengthen in terms of financial performance and margins. We expect that for micron for sure. But, you know, we are comfortable with our HBM margin profile because of which we have been able to set these prices ahead of time. And this is a super complex product and the margin profile justifies that level of value that it is creating for the ecosystem.
spk10: Understood. And just a quick follow up. You've talked about pricing locked in through twenty five fiscal. Could you talk about your design visibility? How many years is that also? Twenty twenty five is an indication of design visibility with large GPU vendors or is your design visibility longer than that?
spk05: Yeah, I mean, we have customers that we have locked volumes with and and they are some of those customers are starting purchases for their platforms in twenty twenty five. And and those platforms are going to continue into twenty twenty six and beyond. So the discussion we have had earlier with you about launching with Nvidia for twenty twenty four and then multiple customers and twenty twenty five, those multiple customers who we work with to launch the products in twenty twenty five are actually going to continue into twenty twenty six and beyond. Now, keep in mind these all relate to the HBM three e product. The three product launches with eight high and then through the course of calendar twenty twenty five will transition the mix over to twelve high and then HBM four comes in in twenty twenty six. And then you have HBM four going on and then following that a while later you'll get HBM four e and and so HBM four e will happen, will ship through the end of the decade, late in the decade and through the end of the decade. And so we are already in very deep engagements with customers on designing HBM four and HBM four e. And so these are long partnerships with customers. They require long cycle time planning for I.P. And that will make HBM four e more of customized product won't be the same product going to all customers, more of a customized HBM product. And because of that, it necessitates long term planning and very deep R and D engagement with customers. And because of our leadership in HBM three e where, as we have mentioned before, you know, 30 percent lower power consumption leadership specs and performance, we have really great relationships with multiple HBM customers and we are formally engaged in their long term design.
spk10: Congratulations, guys, and super helpful. Thank you.
spk13: Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton from Needham and Company. Your question, please.
spk02: Thanks for taking that question. I guess I want to come back to the to the ability to maintain market share with the transition to HBM memory with the high cap dim modules and the no transitions. I mean, I guess, you know, I think historically no transitions. You typically, you know, with the same equipment sets, the net wafer starts typically decline. And so it feels like you've got a lot of factors that that would sort of argue for a net reduction, continue net reduction and wafer starts. And so I just wonder if you could you could address over the next couple of years, what what trends should we be thinking about in terms of your DRAM, you know, kind of wafer starts over that period?
spk09: Brooklyn, so, you know, we talked about and have kind of given some some color on what we think is an industry wide phenomenon out of the downturn in fiscal in calendar 23 and into calendar 24 now, where we as well as others in the industry, we believe all others in the industry did take advantage of this phenomenon that you mentioned, where as a result of the As we transition to newer technologies, we reduced wafer start capability structurally. So that did happen. And, you know, for us and for others, having said that, that's not something that is always going to be the case. Because we, we, as well as the rest of the industry did it to be able to reduce capex in the face of very, very weak demand and still get the benefits in terms of performance and cost reduction from the technology transitions. So, you know, moving forward, obviously, you can imagine if every every year you just keep structurally reducing, that's not, you know, that's going to have impacts on both your bit supply and your costs. So, you know, I would I would not be thinking as we head into this upturn that the industry will continue with that structural reduction year on year. You'll see investments more in line with a typical pre downturn where we would maintain our wafer capacity. You know, while we make these transition investments now over the, you know, as we go towards the second half of the decade and beyond as technology transitions become more challenging, the, the big growth capability from the newer technologies is not as great as maybe previous generations. That's where we see the need for and if we've commented before the need for greenfield wafer capacity grows for the entire industry and HBM is and this trade ratio that we're talking about is just one aspect of that. That phenomena that maybe makes that more more that need for new wafer capacity as we go towards the second half of the decade more important.
spk07: But your
spk09: core question, you know, we feel good about, as we discussed, being able to maintain our DMM market share, even as we grow our, our HBM share to be in line with our overall DMM share.
spk02: So it sounds like you've got the facility space in Japan and Taiwan that kind of increased wafer starts to allow you
spk09: to maintain share. Basically to be able to make technology transitions while broadly maintaining our wafer capacity. Got it. Yeah.
spk02: Okay. Thanks. And then just to follow up on the HBM. Obviously, you know, a lot of this is being driven today by the AI accelerators, but just wondering, you know, do you see that proliferating to CPUs like the great CPU? Obviously in the Blackwell generation has some pretty significant HBM content with it. Do you see FPGAs or network switches, anything becoming more meaningful? Do you think this is largely AI accelerator, you know, kind of GPU, AI accelerator driven in terms of the HBM demand drivers?
spk05: Yeah, I mean, this is heavily based on the requirements of the system level performance and the type of applications that require that high level of performance. If that performance level really dictates a level of processor memory bandwidth that cannot be met easily with traditional approaches, then of course, you know, HBM has to be considered. Thus far it is AI servers, but there are other product categories and applications which are starting to investigate HBM. Of course, not with these many placements, as you see around the GPU, because the GPU placements, you know, six placements, eight placements, you know, eight high, twelve high, etc. There's just a lot of memory and other applications which may contemplate using HBM may not need that many placements. It is being contemplated in other places, but obviously the bar is high because HBM is a very expensive implementation of memory. But it is also one that is very power efficient compared to doing it in other ways. And another way that companies are trying to figure out how this architecture evolves over time is to assess the mix of HBM versus DDR5 versus LP5. So LP low power memory is starting to make its way into the data center. It didn't used to be the way, obviously, the RAS capabilities of LP, which is reliability, availability and serviceability, is not the same as DDR5 and consequently requires a lot of new architectural approaches. But you've seen leaders like Nvidia show the way in terms of using LPD RAM in their servers. So that trend is also starting as another approach. But overall, HBM usage will increase over time, but the volumes will be dominated by accelerators.
spk07: Thank you. Thank you. And our final question for today comes from the line of
spk13: Vivek Arya from Bank of America Securities. Your question, please.
spk11: Thanks for the follow up. Just a few clarifications on the CapEx side. So the mid 30s CapEx intensity, is that gross or net of any CHIPS funding? And are you assuming any depreciation benefits and gross margin benefits like Intel has been doing?
spk04: That's a net number, Vivek. And so we'll be providing you net numbers based on our latest assessment on when grants come in and also when ITC is received. We will get the depreciation benefits when it's put in service, but the cash reimbursement in the case of ITC, there may be a timing difference. So there will be a timing difference on that compared to grants.
spk11: So the mid 30s is a net number and gross CapEx could be higher than that. That's correct. Got it. And then on WSE, can you give us a sense, Marco, what was sort of the mix in CapEx in fiscal or what is the mix in fiscal 24 and how should we conceptually think about the mix in fiscal 25?
spk04: Yeah, we did say that WFE was down in fiscal 24 like it had been in fiscal, it was down in fiscal 23, then down again in fiscal 24. We have said it will be up in fiscal 25. However, we did say that Greenfield construction is a material part of the spend in fiscal 25. But beyond that, we've not given specific
spk09: WFE guidance. I'd say that one other thing to keep in mind is that, and we did try to provide more color, this HBM ramp does, you know, the equipment for the HBM ramps, the equipment there does start to make up a bigger portion as we are embarking on this ramp to be able to go from very little share towards our natural market share next year. So that is, as a percentage wise, in terms of equipment categories, HBM's unique equipment is obviously going to be a very high or the highest growth area.
spk11: Anything incremental for EUV? Sorry, please go ahead.
spk09: No, go ahead, Doesak. I mean, we are going to be, you know, we've talked about, we've already made some EUV investments and, you know, we've got a pretty efficient EUV implementation plan for one gamma. We are going to be implementing EUV in Japan though. That is one thing that we've guided. So EUV is in the mix of our WFE plans for ramping one gamma and
spk07: beyond. Okay, I'll get back in the queue. Thank you.
spk13: Thank you. This does conclude the question and answer session of today's program. I'd now like to hand the program back to Mark Murphy for any further remarks.
spk04: I just wanted to provide a bit of housekeeping for your models. In the third quarter that we just reported, DRAM bit costs were flattish. NAND was down several percent sequentially. For FY25, DRAM all-in costs mid to high single digits down long term. But HBM mix in 2025 will impact cost downs and cost downs in 2025 for DRAM will be
spk07: down only modestly. Thank you all for joining today's call.
spk13: Thank you and thank you ladies and gentlemen for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Good day.
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