NorthWestern Energy Group, Inc.

Northwestern Corporation's financial results webcast for the June 30, 2023 second quarter results. My name is Travis Meyer. I'm the Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer for Northwestern. Joining us today to walk you through the results and provide an overall update are Brian Bird, the President and Chief Executive Officer, and Crystal Lael, Chief Financial Officer. All participant lines are currently muted. After the presentation, we have allowed time for a Q&A session. I'll provide instructions for asking questions at that time. However, if you do intend to ask a question and are joining us by computer, please set your Zoom identity to your first and last name and firm name so we can call on you by name to let you know when your line is open. Northwestern's results have been released and the release is available on our website at northwesternenergy.com. We also released our 10Q pre-market on Tuesday morning. Please note that the company's press release, this presentation, comments by presenters, and responses to your questions may contain forward-looking statements. As such, I'll direct you to the disclosures contained in our SEC filings and our Safe Harbor provisions included on the second slide in this presentation. Please also note this presentation includes non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the non-GAAP disclosures, definitions, and reconciliations also included in the presentation today. The webcast is being recorded. The archived replay of today's webcast will be available for one year beginning at 6 p.m. Eastern time today and can be found in the financial results section of our website. With that, I'll hand the presentation over to Northwestern CEO, Brian Byrd. Thanks, Travis.

Good morning, folks. I know many of you would have liked to have heard from us yesterday, but the reason we're having the call this morning is to Diminished the amount of travel necessary on Sunday. Our board meeting ran late on Tuesday. And so we decided to have the call here on Wednesday morning. To start on regarding the second quarter, we are very, very busy in the regulatory front, as you're well aware. We recently filed a South Dakota electric rate review. And obviously we're waiting for a decision on our multi-party settlement in the Montana rate review. And so hopefully we'll hear from that real soon. Regarding Yellowstone County Generating Station, a lot has happened since the first quarter. So during the second quarter, we had a tremendous amount of support from the governor and the legislature in Montana, which helped us resume construction of the facility. And we're ramping up that construction as we speak. We have invested over $200 million of the estimated $275 million in the project itself. We continue to operate in strong and growing service territories, as is seen by very, very low unemployment, some of the lowest unemployment in the country. And as a result, we're also seeing very good customer growth, which didn't necessarily help us here in the second quarter. It was going to help us on a going forward basis with our business. And lastly, on this page, I think it's important to point out, and this is one of the great things about Northwestern is workforce we have here and the culture we have here, and I think certainly being acknowledged by Newsweek as one of America's great workplaces in 2023. Pretty cool announcement for us. There's only 11 utilities acknowledged, and the only one in the SMCCAP space was Northwestern Energy. That, of course, came on the heels of 2022 of also being acknowledged as a great places to work. So, We just, it's a great tribute to our employees and we're very excited about that acknowledgement. And with that, I'm going to hand it over to Crystal.

Thank you, Brian. I'll begin my comments on slide four here in just a. conclude Brian's comments on working with a great team. I think the Newsweek acknowledgement of the what work we do here and the great people we work with is a pretty fantastic thing. So then I'll turn myself to a second quarter performance. And before getting into a bit of detail, we've added a couple of slides to hopefully give you a bit of color as to how we're thinking about the quarter. And while Brian acknowledged their results a little bit lower than We had hoped for the quarter, but in line with our expectations and how we think about the year. So to give you a little bit of color here, Q2 results lower on a gap basis by 10.7 million or 22 cents of EPS versus the prior year second quarter. So how do we think about that 22 cents of spread? We were impacted by shoulder season weather, and you all know Q2 is our lightest quarter from an earnings perspective. And you can see a bit of variability there depending upon weather. So for this year, Q2 23, that was three cents of unfavorable weather. But I would note last year we had more favorable weather for us. That was four cents last year in Q2 of 22. So when you compare those two, that's a seven cent swing in our earnings due to weather period over period for second quarter. In addition, you're all familiar with our equity issuances, so there's about three cents of drag with relation to shares outstanding impacting results for, again, Q2 23 versus 22. In addition, as we had talked to you at the end of Q1, we had just concluded hearings in our Montana rate review and reached a settlement there, so we provided a bit more detail, I would say. As you all know, we do not have guidance out for 23 and won't update you on our expectations fully until we see an outcome from the Montana Commission. But what we have done here is quantify the impacts of the Montana settlement to both our Q1 and Q2 23 earnings if it were approved as is with no adjustments. Again, this is meant to give you a bit of an indication of what we see as the impact of that settlement to our financial statements. So in 23, this would include impacts at both the revenue line and tax implications and would contribute about 15 cents to our Q2 earnings based off our estimates, again, if the settlement were approved as is. So slide four provided you a bit of that color, again, comparing quarter two versus of 23 versus 22, 22 cents there. There's definitely variability in weather and how that impacts our performance. I'll dig into that in a little bit further detail in slides coming up. But you think about that 7 cents plus 3 cents of equity drag And if we were able to record the impacts of that settlement contributing another 15 cents and you see a more comparable number as to how we think about that. Then on slide five, again, you're all familiar with our Q1 results. We had favorable weather then and some solid results. Brian talked about the customer growth that we continue to see underlying that. So you would see the impact of the settlement. Again, the Q1 would have been 20 cents. That would bring that to 35 cents total on a year-to-date basis. And you can see on a non-GAAP basis versus the numbers that you would see year-to-date at this point, $1.40. You adjust that, we'd be $1.75 at halfway through the year. And so that gives you some indication of how we are thinking about our earnings, both on a, as we conclude, half-year basis and from a 23-perspective. So with that, I would take you to slide six and dig a bit more detail into the detail of the quarter results. So from a net income basis, $19.1 million of net income as compared with $29.8 million in Q2 of 22. That's a $10.7 million reduction. And on an earnings per share basis, 32 cents compared to 54 cents. That's a 22 cent difference. Again, that's the color I just gave you a bit explaining and bridging that difference of 22 cents from last year's performance. Slide seven breaks that down. You can see we had favorable utility margin overall of what actually falls to the bottom line for us. And that was driven by favorable on the electric side, offset by unfavorable on the natural gas side. And I have a slide upcoming that will give you a bit more detail on that. And then you can see a continued push of what I would call the cost of running the business. So operating costs, interest and depreciation leading us to the 32 cents of earnings contribution from a second quarter basis. Slide eight. provides a bit more detail of the margin performance. And I would always highlight the positives, right? So first positives, interim rates, and the criticality of the Montana Commission's decision with regard to that. And again, those interim rates are just over 31 million and our settlement overall is about 81 million. So you can see the impact there in Q2 of that contribution. I also would mention our property tax tracker, and that's not something we've talked about a lot, but I think most of you know from a bill comparability perspective, in Montana, we collect property taxes or ad valorem taxes for the state, and that's about 15% of our customer bill. In Q2, we typically negotiate our valuation with the Department of Revenue, a variety of factors in that, but we saw a decrease in that valuation versus the prior year. We haven't a tracker in place. It's not a full tracker because it contains a haircut. And typically that haircut is one minus the tax rate and has been detrimental to us this year. We happen to have a positive from that in negotiating a lower valuation. So you can see 3.3 million versus last year in Q2, a positive there in the margin line. And then PCAM is the next item here showing favorability, $3 million favorable again versus Q2 of last year. And PCAM has not been my favorite thing to talk about in the past. So I do have to take a moment and highlight the positive there. What we saw is certainly consistent with the shoulder season weather forecast. impacting us volumetrically in loads, the flip side of that is we also saw more moderate pricing. And then more importantly, the impact of that interim rate base being much closer to what is the final base we've agreed to and a reasonable amount to have the 10% sharing around. So that's 4 cents of favorability for us when comparing to 22. And not that I want to relive it, but for 22, to full year impact, I'll remind you that we had 10 cents of drag from that PCAM mechanism. So when we're thinking about 23, seeing prices moderate, importantly, that's a huge impact on our customers and their bill and the amount that that 10 cent is compared to, but also how we think about dragging our earnings To see favorability here in Q2 and to think about what that impact was last year, this is certainly one of the things I'll say as a positive for Q2 and how we think about that. Then moving more to the right side of the bridge here, you see detriments primarily related to weather. I would highlight both the electric transmission and retail benefits. electric and gas volumes all impacted by weather. When we think about our transmission business, the ability to move power across our lines to elsewhere, a full wet spring, certainly we saw less demand for that. Having been in Missoula, Montana yesterday, I can tell you that weather has changed. It was quite warm in our service territory, but that certainly drives demand on the transmission side. And we have a little bit of a rate change there as well versus last year in that formula rate. And then you can see the lower electric and retail volumes, both electric and natural gas. I would tell you that we underlying see customer growth there. But in a shoulder season, you can also see the impacts to what ultimately ends up being margin. I would also mention we have irrigation loads. And that's something that with a cool wet spring, we didn't see come through. And so impact there and also a little bit of softness in the industrial side. We do have some Bitcoin miners on our And we saw a little bit lower loads there. So overall, again, a bit of favorable on the utility margin that falls to the bottom line, but a lot of moving pieces in there for the quarter. I'll move on to slide nine and talk about our operating administrative and general costs. And again, I think us and everyone else is impacted by pressures of these lines. We are focused on maintaining a sustainable level of operating costs. And I think managing a lot of the business in a very reasonable way, you see the largest impact here is really the compensation and benefits of our people. That cost of labor impacts us and everyone else, and it's something we certainly expected for 2023. And you can see that is the most significant driver in our operating costs versus 2022. Slide 10, again, I highlighted this at the beginning, but this is our reconciliation non-gap for hopefully you to get a picture of what the weather piece that we adjust out. And again, our weather model isn't perfect. You'll see that there's cooling degree days and heating degree days, both in a shoulder season like this. But while it may not be perfect, it is consistent. And we try to give you our best view into our estimate of weather impacts to us. You'll see in 2023, 32 cents on a gap basis, adjusting out unfavorable weather of 3 cents gets us to 35 cents. And then what I mentioned earlier in bridging that 7 cents gap in Q2 of 22, we had 4 cents of favorable weather that we backed out. And then moving on to slide 11, I'll just mention our cash flows and financing plans. Again, the impact of interim rates has been significant to us at both the base rates that we will earn on and also adjustment to that PCAM mechanism. You can see some favorable cash flows here. We had also previously announced our plans for $75 million of equity using our ATM remaining availability there in 2023. We did start that program up in Q2. and issued approximately 10.8 million. And we do expect to issue the remainder in 2023. With that, I'll move to slide 12. And again, reiterate that while you're all awaiting a full update from us, and we do expect to do that, we are awaiting the commission's decision, and it is a very significant outcome for us. So with that, we won't be providing a broader update at this point. But while Q2 results are certainly impacted by weather, The results were otherwise consistent with our expectations, and we await the Montana Commission's decision to provide that update. But as you can see with the cost of our business, that settlement is critically important to us in the sense of being able to cover the cost to serve our customers. And we feel good about what we placed in front of the commission. And we will be checking in with you after we receive that update. And with that, I will turn it to Brian.

All right. Thanks, Crystal. On slide 13, we talked about the Montana rate review, and we've spent a tremendous amount of time talking about this already in earlier calls. Obviously, no settlement's been reached, and we're waiting on an outcome from the commission on that settlement. The one thing I want to say about the settlement itself is just to remind folks that all parties to the settlement are the only parties that provided any testimony on revenue requirements. So Those interveners who were opposed to the settlement didn't even provide testimony on revenue requirements. So something that I'm sure the commission's considering as they make their decision. Secondly, just anticipated next steps. All the briefings been done as we wait for the decision here during the third quarter. And I could argue that could be in August is any time in the third quarter. So we're waiting patiently for an outcome there. As I move on to slide 14, really talking about the South Dakota rate review. You know, it's the first rate review we've filed since 2015. So much like Montana, it's overdue in terms to come in to get recovery of the significant amount of investment we've been making in all of our jurisdictions. And in South Dakota, $267 million has been invested during that time period. I think many of you know just over $80 million of that is associated with the Bob Glanzer plant that was built. So that's a big part of it. But a lot of T&D investments have been made as well. As a matter of fact, 99% of the requested increase of that $30 million approximately, 99% of the increase is associated by that investment. We've done a really nice job. in their jurisdictions to manage our costs. And so it's really a function of getting a return on the return on our investments we've been making. Speaking of investments, on page 15, from a capital investment perspective, you know, the five-year history here, again, a pretty impressive 16% CAGR of that investment over that time period of $2.1 billion, a tremendous amount of investment still necessary in our system. The next five years, looks to be $2.4 billion, and two-thirds of that continues to be investment we need to make in our T&D business. You've heard me talk about capacity challenges at this company. Certainly on the supply side, there will be capacity investments. We don't know what those are beyond Yellowstone County and But those will be coming as well. Those are not included, obviously, in that $2.4 billion. But of that amount, two-thirds, again, T&D, tremendous amount of investment there. And that rate-based growth is going to be approximately 4.5% over that five-year period. And with that, just in concluding, I think in fairness to our customers, too, we shouldn't be waiting. this long from a rate case perspective, we want to see increases that are more in line with inflation and try and manage those cost increases to be less than inflation. And matter of fact, we need to be also fair to our investors and come in for more timely recovery of our investments we're making. And obviously for returns associated with those investments. So you'll see us obviously manage these rate reviews that we're currently in, but being more, you know, More tentative to what our actual returns are versus our authorized returns and likely being more frequent filers. And so with that, I will turn it over to Travis to handle any Q&A.

Excellent, Brian. Thank you. If you're joining us by computer today and would like to ask a question, please signal your intent by using the raise hand button that's typically found within the toolbar at the bottom of your screen. You can also press alt Y on a PC or option Y on a Mac to raise your hand. Please ensure that your microphone is unmuted if you are in a queue to ask a question. If you are dialed in by phone, you can press star 9 to raise your hand and star 6 to unmute. Again, star 9 to raise your hand and star 6 to unmute. If you have not provided your name and your Zoom ID or you're dialed in by phone, please be listening for us to announce your Zoom ID or the last four digits of your telephone number to notify you that your line is open and ready for your questions. Again, please just make sure your line is unmuted on your end. We will take our first question from Char Prezza at Guggenheim. Char, your line should be open. All right.

Hey, guys, can you hear me? Hey, Charlie. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Brian, I just want to kind of just dive into this a little bit more. And I think you kind of modestly, you know, you sort of did touch on it a little bit. But I guess why is the Montana case getting delayed? How is sort of the work sessions been going? And is there any indication, just so investors can get a little bit of relief here, that maybe a final order could deviate from the settlement you entered to with the case's primary intervener? So maybe just a little bit more color on the process.

That'd be great. Yeah, I would argue that we're really not seeing any delay associated. This is not unusual to see this kind of timing. I think we'll see something relatively soon. I don't know when the schedule is actually going to be for decision, but I do expect it should be relatively soon. I think that, as you saw on the hearing itself, the commission did a fantastic job. President Brown did a fantastic job of running this process. the hearing itself. And I just think we've seen very, very good response from the commission in terms of on other issues. And I expect that we'll find on this, we'll hear something relatively soon. And I think regarding the settlement itself, I think, as I pointed out on the call here, the settlement, the parties that all agreed on this agreed on all the revenue requirement matters. We covered many different topics. We've struck a very good balance amongst the parties. I think it's very compelling in front of the commission. That doesn't mean they can't try to do things. I certainly, that has happened in the past, but I anticipate in light of the very good settlement that's been put in front of them, it's going to be difficult for them to make any adjustments.

Perfect. And then just lastly, maybe a little bit more of a question, Crystal, but as you're kind of thinking about the timing around issuing guidance for Could South Dakota's rate case impact, I guess, what guidance can be issued, meaning maybe only a roll forward of the capital plan versus touching on the EPS growth rate? I guess, how do we think about South Dakota in the next year?

Sure. Thanks, Charles. On the South Dakota side, I would just tell you, and we didn't put a timeline in here, I don't think, maybe Travis will correct me here, but There's a statutory six months once you file that is basically a waiting period for interim rates. So when you think about impact to 23 we filed that in mid June, the earliest interim rates would apply would be mid December so it's really not a 23 item and how we think about that that's a 24 item. and will not impact our timing of giving 23 guidance. Obviously the biggest impact to us is we think about, you know, a settlement of over 81 million of revenues versus 31 million of interim rates is that Montana decision. We're very focused on South Dakota as well, but that'll really be a 24 item. And the biggest thing I'm giving guidance is, you know, Brian mentioned in your question, you know, briefing on the legal side, You know, the attorneys have to have the last word. That took them through the end of June, early July. The commission has work to do to put together a final order. We know they're working on that. Once we see an outcome and then if we need to see that final order for any clarity, that will dictate the timing of us coming out with guidance. But we know you're all anxiously awaiting to hear from us. But the South Dakota rate review won't delay that guidance issuance.

Okay, perfect. And then Brian, just last one for me is, do you have a clear line of sight now? I think with Yellowstone, is there sort of anything else that you can see could derail it or should we just assume that it's been de-risked?

No, as we pointed out, the third quarter of 24, we aren't back to full staffing, if you will. Again, when you ask everyone to leave and now you've asked everyone to come back, we're getting there. And I think the timing's been delayed a little bit, but anticipated to still the third quarter. So we feel good about getting the plant done. You saw the percentage of spend. So the amount of work between now and then is a lot of finishing work, as you'd say. But I think we feel very good about the process and primarily having that resource. hopefully in time for, you know, peak weather in the summer, but definitely needing it before the winter season and the end of 2020. Got it. Perfect, guys. Thanks for taking my questions.

See you soon.

Bye.

Thanks, Charlie. Thanks, Charlie.

Okay, we will take our next question from the line of Jeremy Tonette at J.P. Morgan.

Hi, this is Robin on for Jeremy. Can you hear me?

Hey, Robin. Yeah, we can hear you.

Hey, so you mentioned your goal to maintain sustainable operating costs. Was the negative six cent year over year headwind from increased labor and benefit costs driven more by one time items or more structural expenses? And based on the current Montana rate case settlement, any color on 2023 O&M expenses or O&M growth trends more broadly?

So I would take your question in two parts in the sense of, is it structural or one-time items? It's definitely structural. And I would, since I don't have 23 guidance out, I would point you back to my 22 bridge where we laid out that we needed to get to a more sustainable level of operating costs. And while we managed the rest of the business, we benchmark ourselves on an electric OANG perspective. With our SMIT cap peers and even some larger cap, both on a rep per revenue and per customer basis, we are very low. And so we know that we have to have a reasonable amount of operating costs. And the reason I lead in with that is we captured those costs through 22 from a known and measurable adjustment perspective in the Montana rate review. What you see here is structural increases in our base cost of labor. That's the biggest driver. And we do see that as something that will continue to focus on recovering our costs as we go in. I think there's probably not anyone listening to this call that didn't get a pay raise in the last couple of years. If you saw the labor markets and the tightness there, that's what this represents. From a year-end perspective, we haven't given you that kind of guidance more clearly on operating costs, but I would tell you that we would expect a little bit of moderation there versus what you see in the percentage increase on a strict quarter-over-quarter basis. But those costs are definitely structural from a labor and benefits perspective of just the cost to do business and labor costs.

Okay, great. Thanks. And then on a year-to-date basis, you know, you're estimating that your pro forma EPS is about $1.75, assuming the Montana rate case gets approved. You know, do you think it's, I realize you haven't provided guidance, but just speaking high level, would it be reasonable to assume, you know, similar shaping, similar cadence in the back half for around $3.50 for the year or just any high level guidance there? Thoughts?

while we are not giving guidance. The comment I would probably make is that's probably reasonable now.

Okay, great. Thank you.

All right. Thank you, Robin. We will take our next call from Paul Fremont at Ladenburg-Fallman.

Thank you very much.

First, my first question would be on the Supreme Court constitutional challenge for Yellowstone. Can you give us any update on where that stands and whether hearings have been scheduled there?

I think from our perspective, we feel good about the decision that the Supreme Court made on On Yellowstone, that was certainly helpful, but we are already hit as a result of, I believe it resulted in the stay that we received. And so it was helpful in that regard. I would just say that we're continuing to move forward with coal strip. We have our permit that we need. And could there be future challenges on the plant? Certainly, we anticipate to continue to move forward, build the plant. I think you saw the support that we received. We have in the state for the plant and the need for our customers, and we'll continue to forge through and make that happen.

And then, Paul, just to follow up there, there's been no movement in the schedule of that Montana Supreme Court filing. So once we have something, we'll update on that, but no change in the sense of when that might get docketed.

Great. And then in terms of the timing of guidance, would that occur on the third quarter call or would there be like a special call after the Montana Commission acts?

That's a great question. And it will probably depend on exactly the direction the Montana Commission goes. So I can't give you certainty, but certainly if we do decide to do something before Q3 call, we will make you all aware of it.

And then the last question for me, with the South Dakota rape case filing, is that going to impact potentially you giving or delaying guidance for 24, or is that not going to affect that?

Paul, just earlier I made the comment, there's statutory six months on that filing before you can receive interim rates. We are working with the South Dakota Commission. We've received data requests there with regard to impacting either 23 or 24 guidance. It won't impact our timing of 23 guidance. With regard to 24 guidance, we certainly hope we can work with the commission and resolve that docket. in a timely fashion. And whichever way we go, it may either assume no outcome there or something in the lines, but I don't think it'll impact our guidance timing for 2024. But it would contain certain assumptions if we have not reached outcome in that docket yet.

Great. That's it for questions for me.

Thank you so much. Thanks, Paul. All right. The next question we'll take is from Sophie Karp at KeyBank.

Hey, guys. Good morning. Thank you for taking my question. So first, maybe on the settlement approval process here, I was just curious if we should be thinking about any specific accounting adjustments or any discrete items at my company that settlement in the quarter when you receive it.

Sophie, Crystal here. The thing I would just highlight for you, I think you're all aware that we received interim rates October 1st of 22. So pending the outcome of the settlement, the impact will be retroactive. So the thing I would just mention is there will be what I would call out-of-period impacts in the sense of we would record some adjustment related to 2022 results. And so that's the item I would highlight is there's likely impacts of that settlement that are related to out-of-period items. And certainly when we record that, we will highlight and separate what is 23 and ongoing structural versus what might be related to prior periods.

Got it. So that would basically be the difference between the interim rates and the rates authorized in the final settlement, final order.

Yeah, there's a variety of things in there. And certainly the discrete difference between interim and final is a piece of that.

Got it, got it. Okay, thank you. And then my other question was, I guess, about the weather, right? So the rather mild shoulder season for you guys and you flagged the negative impacts on volumes and margins. I was curious if you could comment on how the third quarter is shaping up so far and if there's enough weather in the summer months so far to potentially maybe negate some of that negative impact from the second quarter, from the full year results.

Well, one thing we'd say, and I think everyone can appreciate this on the call, the U.S. as a whole continues to see extremely hot temperatures. Crystal mentioned earlier we were in the high 90s in Montana yesterday. We continue to be hot throughout our service territory. And so July certainly is going to look good from a low perspective. But I can't, other than that, really can't really speak to how things will play out.

All right. Thank you. It's all for me.

Thank you, Sophie. We'll take our next question from the line of Jonathan Reeder at Wells Fargo. Hey, can you hear me okay now? You bet.

Hey, thanks for taking my questions. Hey, good morning. Just want to know, Brian, how should we be thinking about the potential implications of the Montana IRP? I mean, I know the conclusion that more resources are going to be needed in the early 2030s. It's pretty consistent with how you've talked about it in the past, once you have the additions of Yellowstone and the additional coal strip ownership. I know the IRP noted that the earliest in RFP would be potentially issued as mid 2024. So kind of what needs to transpire between now and then for you to move forward with, you know, an IRP and seeking more resources?

Yeah, I think one thing, Jonathan, we need to also deal with is, you know, EPA's proposed rules here are certainly could impact our coal-fired fleet. And so we need to To seriously take a look at that, we need to work with the EPA and others in the industry to fully understand how that impacts our business, but more importantly, help get to a point where we can continue to operate those coal-fired plants to help us bridge, if you will, to cleaner resources. So I think the timing associated with that IRP is appropriate. where it sits today, but we're also going to have to probably accelerate some of our plans as a result of continued pressures from the EPA.

OK, but in terms of like moving forward with like an RFP, would you be waiting to see like I know the commission doesn't kind of rule on the IRP, but I think they do make comments like would you be waiting to see what those comments are? Is it completely all internal to this analysis around EPA rule impact and stuff like that?

We will, after the rate reviews decision, we will continue to have a dialogue with commission, make sure they're aware of these challenges. You know, we have given them a bit of heads up when the rules came out. They're certainly concerned about it. So there'll be a dialogue and obviously from that we'll come forth with a plan in terms of how we address the IRP.

Okay, great. And then kind of going to one of your comments and the remarks, just given Montana's historical test year and, you know, mindful of the recently filed South Dakota rate case, how close do you think you can earn to the authorized levels, you know, when we look out to 24 and beyond, you know, or perhaps, you know, kind of asked another way, how many basis points of structural regulatory lag kind of exists for you guys?

That was like a great crystal question, Jonathan.

Jonathan, you were asking our internal dialogue here. The CEO would like to pressure the CFO on that exact topic, but I'll give you my... Last year, I think we were in the seven and a half of an earned... Are we from a 965? Obviously, we have to improve upon that. This rate case will move us. What I would suggest, and I think I've said publicly before, is around 100 bps is my guess. It will take another rate case, and we're thinking about that to continue to work on. And I think Brian started the call with saying our focus of regulatory execution is regulation. getting closer to our earned ROEs with a more reasonable amount of lag in there, given it's a historic test period. So I would tell you that this will take a huge step forward. It won't get us all of the way. And we're focused on, again, given the amount of investment, critical investment that's needed and for infrastructure, making sure that we will be in for more frequent rate increases to address that. So I would tell you after this one, I would suspect we'll be around Assuming the settlement is approved, as is, that's my caveat that I'll say to everything, probably around 100 pips of black.

I think I'd add there, Jonathan, you know, having only 75% of our deemed rate base that's eligible is to be earned upon. It's just way too low. We can't afford to put ourselves in that situation on a going forward basis. No business would have three quarters of their investment recovered. They want to be closer to 100% of that. Obviously, we just need to be more frequent to make sure that we're getting more frequent filers to make sure we can recover that investment.

Yeah, no, I agree. And I mean, the case in South Dakota, you know, seems like a pretty, pretty large case. Did that surprise folks when you filed it or, you know, had you kind of communicated the magnitude of the case coming and everything?

I think, you know, the commission is very supportive of the Bob Glanzer plant. And matter of fact, the commissioners were there for that. the opening, they understood that we would be coming in shortly after that large investment. And I think they know about the T&D investment associated that came with it. So I can't react into the headline number at all, but I certainly know they're aware of the investment we've been making to support our customers in the state.

Okay, great. Now, I appreciate you taking the time to answer my questions and good luck on the Montana outcome and as the South Dakota process progresses. Thank you. Thanks, Jonathan.

All right, we will take our next call from what I believe is a line of Paul Zimbardo at B of A. Paul, is that you?

I just see a telephone number. Hi, yes, it's Paul Zimbardo. Can you hear me okay?

Perfect, Paul. Yep, we can hear you.

Very great. Thank you all very much. Just to follow up on that $1.75 annualized question, just what does that assume for the second half of the year on a cost perspective? Because if I have it right, I think earnings tend to be a little bit first half weighted. So just curious what it assumes on the cost side, respectively.

So Paul, you are fabulous at asking the guidance question in yet another way. So the $1.75, I would say it this way, points to you for that one, is quantification of the settlement if approved as is to our first quarter results. We haven't given all of the guidance things that you're exactly asking about, which is the shaping of the back half of the year. So I would tell you we will give you more quarter or more color on that once we see an outcome from the Montana Commission. But no further details on that at this point.

Crystal, might I offer one data point?

Travis, you can always offer more than one data point if you would like.

Paul, I would just remind you, Crystal did mention this earlier, but just as you're thinking about the, you know, even if you're looking back to 2022, That PCAM pressure, we had the power markets blow out a bit in third quarter. We had that $4 million of drag just on the PCAM sharing alone in the third quarter, another $1.3 million in the fourth quarter. So there was a lot of pressure in the fourth quarter last year. In addition, the property tax in the fourth quarter that we ended up truing up once we got our mill rates in. So if you're bridging from last year to this year, I would point to more tailwinds than headwinds.

And I think what Travis is nicely pointing out is the known and knowables. And you all heard me at the end of the year where we came in just south of our guidance and things that push it outside of that range was definitely that PCAM impact of 10 cents total to last year. So when you think about, and again, assuming the Montana rate case outcome gives us that full base, you can already see the impact of power prices coming off combined with a reasonable amount of base PCAM costs. is certainly something that I think I would like to say will not be headwinds for us this year like it was the last couple of years. So that's a great point that Travis has fallen up on there.

Okay, excellent. No, message received loud and clear. No, thank you for that. And I know you got asked a little bit about it, but just in terms of the weather in the quarter and what you showed on the actual versus adjusted, the pretty large declines in electric, gas, even after you adjust out the weather. Do you think some of that could be the breakdown of a shoulder period, weather normalization? And I know you've had kind of this volatility in the past. So any color perspectives you could provide there would be helpful.

So, Paul, what I would tell you is having worked closely with the prior CFO and his frustration at times on Q2 weather model impacts and how we get better at that. Here we are talking about our Q2 and our weather model impacts, so I will tell you it is absolutely consistent. And we want to present to you an approach that is always consistent, but I would certainly not tout it as perfect and particularly in a shoulder season. When you look at, you know, light amount of both cooling and heating degree days and what the model does with that. We present to you what it spits out, but it may not fully capture what is weather impacts to us. But again, it would be consistent. So something that you guys can think about as you're looking at the numbers.

okay and sounds like the bias is towards the understating of the weather drag effectively i i would certainly say that that that is a reasonable conclusion okay great and then the the last one if i have it right you're planning to give in the the five-year capital refresh slash roll forward with the next update just if there's any flavor on the the base transmission distribution

needs any way to quantify it even in terms of miles or some kind of heuristic so we can calibrate there would be helpful thanks again it's a great clarification so i would i would clarify what we expect to update once we hear from the montana commission that would certainly be 23 guidance from an earnings perspective and how we're thinking about that earnings perspective rolling forward From a capital plan perspective, we did roll that forward at EEI last year, and consistent with our underlying planning processes and board approval, I would not expect a major capital refresh if we give that guidance earlier. The capital refresh we would do annually in that kind of November, December timeframe, and so I would separate the two a bit. The only other comment I would give there is – you know, that structural T and D investment there, there's a lot of work to be done on the system and plenty to capture there. But again, I wouldn't expect us to update that until more along the November timeframe for that longer term capital look.

Thank you all. Appreciate it.

Thanks, Paul.

Thanks, Paul.

Next question in the queue is Ida Wozniak from Siebert William Shank, or it could be Chris Ellinghaus, one of the two.

Yeah, that's a good question.

Either it's Chris or Ida has a terrible cold.

Both. First question for Brian. You mentioned that it's, you know, on a typical schedule for Montana or this is normal. Lots of things are normal in Montana, I suppose. But it's a pretty long process for a settlement to be approved sort of on a national basis, four or five months. Is there a way to improve that? upon the process in any way to have settlement reviews not take four or five months?

I think it's a fair question, Chris. I think Crystal made a good point earlier, though, that the briefing schedule brings you well into June. And so as we sit here a month, by the time that the commission staff can kind of put together a summary of everything and provide advice to the commission, it doesn't appear that unreasonable. If they could reduce the briefing schedule, again, it's around a settlement, that I think would be helpful. But I think Crystal summed it up well. The lawyers get the last word. I think that would be my recommendation. Have a settlement. Why do we need to have all of that briefing associated with it? That would be my only thing. But again, I think the hearing and even this time period that we're waiting has been reasonable compared to some delays we've seen historically.

And Chris, the only thing I would add to that is the timeliness of interim rates we receive while the commission works out This process, having received interim rates effective October 1st last year, is really critical too. Then if the commission needs to take a bit more time to fully get the order drafted, the impact to us is less significant.

And on that point, we had never received interim rates that quickly from the commission, so we certainly appreciated that.

Right. Also, Brian, you talked about the customer growth. Given where customer growth is and sort of the – I'd call it the acceleration in decarbonization in general, you know – Are you thinking that sort of the tenor of your CapEx today is adequate for what you're seeing in terms of, you know, adjustments to load growth and customer growth? Or, you know, do you see potential for adjustments to just the T&D component? Obviously, you talked about, you know, needing some additional capacity later. But do you feel like you're on the proper tenor or is there upside to that?

My perspective, Chris, and I think there's a lot of discussion in this country about gas usage and thinking about long-term investment there. We continue to see great demand in our gas business as well. And that, of course, is concerning from a capacity standpoint and from a transmission perspective, also electric transmission capacity is certainly much more important today. So I do feel upward pressure associated with addressing those needs. I have concerns there, and obviously on the generation front, my concern there is pushing us to make decisions in generation modes. At the same time, we're trying to do something from a cleaner perspective. We're being pushed to do something sooner. We're doing something sooner. It's addressing capacity and long duration capacity. We're going to be doing something that emits carbon. And so I'm trying to understand why, I understand the push to do things quickly, but with the technology where it sits today, we need a more reasonable period of time to address our capacity needs. Not 2027, we need more like 2037 to adequately do what the nation wants us to do to have cleaner generation. But I think everyone on this call knows it's going to be extremely difficult to do that in the next five years. So, Chris, I would just say there is a tremendous amount of investment this company needs to do to address our capacity needs, period.

Okay. And one for Crystal, you already gave us a really good start on the pro forma numbers, and I won't ask you to give us a guidance number, but when you do give guidance, given that you've already sort of given us a look at the first and second quarter, will you give us sort of your view of the seasonality of the remaining stub? Sure.

Sure, Chris. I think that's a reasonable answer. And just from an overall seasonality for us, I would tell you that as I think about it, while I'm not giving guidance, is we are winter and summer peaking. So we're a dual peaking utility. However, the amount of peak there, as you guys know, stays very cold, December, January, February, kind of think three months of sustained load impact versus when we see our summer peaks. Those are typically a shorter amount of time. So You know, Q4 and Q1 are really important to our earnings. Q3 as well, but a little less impactful of our summer peak. And particularly if we don't have the PCAM direct, that usually offsets some of that favorability. So that's the seasonality color I would give you as to how I think about it. And then I'll be mindful of that when we do give guidance as to how we're thinking about how that plays out the rest of the year.

Okay, great. Thanks a lot.

Thanks, Chris. And with that, we have exhausted the queue. So I'll turn it back to Brian for any closing remarks you might have. Great questions.

And I appreciate folks thanking us for taking your questions. But more importantly, we appreciate you asking them. And again, we really appreciate the support all of you provided to the company. Thank you. All right.

Thanks again for joining us. That brings the webcast to a close. You may now disconnect.