Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Good morning and welcome to the Old Dominion Freight Line first quarter 2024 earnings conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to hand the call over to Jack Atkins, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Andrea, and good morning, everyone, and welcome to the first quarter 2024 conference call for Old Dominion Freight Line. Today's call is being recorded and will be available for replay beginning today and through May 1st, 2024 by dialing 1-877-344-7529. access code 5260631. The replay of the webcast may also be accessed for 30 days at the company's website. This conference call may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements, among others, regarding Old Dominion's expected financial and operating performance. For this purpose, any statements made during this call that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words believes, anticipates, plans, expects, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You are hereby cautioned that these statements may be affected by the important factors, among others, set forth in Old Dominion's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in this morning's news release, and consequently, actual operations and results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. As a final note before we begin, we welcome your questions today, but ask that you limit yourselves to one question at a time before returning to the queue. Thank you for your cooperation. At this time, I would like to turn the conference call over to Mr. Marty Freeman, the company's president and chief executive officer, for opening remarks. Marty, please go ahead, sir.

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our first quarter conference call this morning. With me on the call today is Adam Satterfield, our CFO. And after some brief remarks, we will be glad to take your questions. Old Dominion's financial results improved during the first quarter of 2024, despite the continued softness in the domestic economy. While the improvement in our results was modest, we produced year over year increases in both revenue and earnings per diluted share for the second straight quarter. Our earnings per diluted share of $1.34 also represents a new company record for the first quarter. To produce these results, our OD family of employees continue to execute on long-term strategic plan that helped create one of the strongest records of growth and profitability in the LTL industry. This was evidenced by our team's ability to once again deliver 99% on-time service and a 0.1 cargo claims ratio for the first quarter. Consistently delivering superior service at a fair price is the central element of our strategic plan, and we have created a best-in-class value proposition as a result. This value proposition continues to create opportunities for us to win market share over the long term and has also helped strengthen our customer relationships. Our customer retention trends have remained steady over the past two years despite a domestic economy. that has been sluggish for longer than we originally anticipated. Our customers have had fewer shipments to give us as a result of the slower economic environment, but we are strongly positioned to respond to their needs when demand eventually improves. Demand can very quickly change in the LTL industry, and the OD team has experience in dealing with these challenges that rapid growth can present. This is why we focus so intently on our long-term market share initiatives and make decisions to help us achieve these goals, despite the cost implications that may impact us in the short term. Our capital expenditure program is a prime example of this, as we have invested $757.3 million in total capital expenditures in 2023 and expect to spend approximately $750 million this year to stay ahead of our growth curve. The resulting depreciation has created some short-term cost headwinds that slightly impacted our first quarter operating ratio, but we have improved our fleet and also have approximately 30% excess capacity in our service center network to support future growth. The LTL industry has seen significant disruption over the past nine months, but we believe the strategic advantages that we have allowed us to outgrow our industry for decades and will continue. Other carriers may be able to add service centers or purchase more equipment, but what has differentiated us from other carriers is not so easy to duplicate, which is our culture and our OD family spirit. Our people are the most important element of our strategic plan, and our entire OD family of employees is committed to a culture of excellence. We invest significantly in our employees to help ensure that we are regularly educating and training our team. We have trained one-third of our current drivers through our internal OD truck driving training program, and we intend to keep using this program to produce safe and qualified drivers. We also continue to invest in our management and sales training programs, which we believe will help produce the next generation of OD leaders. These are additional examples of decisions that create short-term costs but are more willing to incur these costs to be prepared for our future. Our consistent investments in our people, our service, and our network are the key reasons why we have one more market share than any other carrier over the past 10 years. Having each of these elements in place is also why we continue to believe that we are the best positioned company in the LTL industry to benefit from an improving economy. Delivering superior services is ultimately what wins market share in our industry. And I can assure you that everyone on OD's team is more committed than ever to deliver superior service to our customers and ultimately add value to our supply chains. We also have the financial strength and consistent returns to support investments needed to help achieve our long-term vision for profitable growth. As we continue to execute on a proven plan to achieve this vision, we believe we can drive further improvement in shareholder value. Thank you for joining us this morning, and now Adam will discuss our first quarter financial results in greater detail.

Thank you, Marty, and good morning. Old Dominion's revenue for the first quarter of 2024 was $1.5 billion, which was a 1.2% increase from the prior year. This slight increase in revenue was primarily due to a 4.1% increase in LTL revenue per hundredweight, those partially offset by the 3.2% decrease in LTL times per day. Our quarterly operating ratio increased 10 basis points to 73.5% as compared to last year, while our earnings per diluted share increased 3.9% to $1.34. On a sequential basis, our revenue per day for the first quarter decreased 7.0% when compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, with LTL tons per day decreasing 5.5% and LTL shipments per day decreasing 5.2%. For comparison, the 10-year average sequential change for these metrics includes a decrease of 1.3% in revenue per day, a decrease of 1.0% in tons per day, and a decrease of 0.3% in shipments per day. The monthly sequential changes in LTL times per day during the first quarter were as follows. January decreased 3.9% as compared to December, February increased 1.9% from January, and March increased 2.4% as compared to February. The 10-year average change for these respective months is an increase of 0.8% in January an increase of 1.5% in February, and an increase of 4.8% in March. Please remember, however, that Good Friday was in March this year, and the average sequential change for March when that is the case is an increase of 2.5%. While there are still a few workdays remaining in April, our month-to-date revenue per day has increased by approximately 5.5% to 6% when compared to April of 2023. Our LTL tonnage per day has increased by approximately 2% to 2.5%, while LTL revenue per hundredweight has increased by approximately 4%. Our LTL revenue per hundredweight excluding fuel surcharges has increased approximately 4.5%, which is trending lower than our growth rate in the first quarter. We want to be clear that the slowdown in this metric does not represent any change in our pricing philosophy or change in the overall pricing environment. Certain mixed changes are impacting this metric in April as the change in our LTL revenue per shipment is more comparable with the first quarter. Nevertheless, we will continue with our long-term, consistent approach of targeting yield improvements that exceed our cost inflation and support our capital expenditure program, and we believe we can achieve those initiatives this year. We will provide the actual revenue-related details for April in our first quarter Form 10-Q as usual. Our operating ratio increased 10 basis points to 73.5% for the first quarter of 2024 as the impact from the increase in our overhead costs more than offset the improvement in our direct costs. Many of our fixed overhead costs increased as a percent of revenue due to the flatness in revenue and the significance of our capital expenditures over the past year. This is most evidenced by the 50 basis point increase in our depreciation cost as a percent of revenue. We were pleased, however, that the improvement in yield and ongoing focus on operating efficiencies helped us improve our direct operating cost as a percent of revenue by approximately 100 basis points. This change included improvement in our operating supplies and expenses that offset a slight increase in salaries, wages, and benefits as a percent of revenue. Our team continued to efficiently manage our variable costs while also delivering best-in-class service standards, which is not easy to do in an environment with lower operating density. We continue to believe that the keys to long-term operating ratio improvement are the combination of density and yield, both of which generally require a favorable macroeconomic environment. Once we have those factors working in our favor again, We are confident in our ability to produce further improvement in our operating ratio and will continue to work towards our goal of producing a sub-70% annual operating ratio. Old Dominion's cash flow from operations totaled $423.9 million for the first quarter, while capital expenditures were $119.5 million. We utilized $85.3 million of cash for our share repurchase program during the first quarter. while cash dividends totaled $56.6 million. Our effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2024 was 25.6% as compared to 25.8% for the first quarter of 2023. We currently anticipate our effective tax rate to be 25.4% for the second quarter. This concludes our prepared remarks this morning. Operator, we're happy to open the floor for questions at this time.

We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then 1 on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then 2. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble the roster. And our first question will come from Ravi Shankar of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thanks, Moni, everyone. So great summary of kind of where we got to this point. Is 2Q the quarter where kind of we see the best of what this industry looks like in a post-yellow environment, kind of if tonnage picks up and you have 2024 pricing that comes in, kind of how do we expect 2Q or to trend versus seasonality? Thank you.

Yeah, I think that's a difficult one to answer. It's obviously dependent on the top line. Typically, the second quarter is when we see the biggest acceleration in revenue. Historically speaking, the 10-year average increase in revenue from the first to the second quarter is 8.7%. We're not starting out with that type of growth in April. Things still feel good to us and We're finally seeing some year-over-year revenue growth, but it's not quite at the levels of getting back to seasonality. We have been encouraged that we've seen our volumes increasing really into February, into March, and have essentially increased thus far into April, but again, not at what those normal seasonal levels are. So to kind of frame up the second quarter, operating ratio guidance, it's going to be very dependent on what the top line does. If you think about last year at this point in time, we were at a point where we weren't looking at any sequential revenue growth and we were targeting margins to be flat. If we were able to grow at what the normal seasonal levels would be on the top line, that would be that 8.7% sequential growth would be about 12% year-over-year growth. Obviously, we're a ways away from that. Where we are at this 6%, I would say we probably are somewhere in the middle of that sliding scale. If we were to stay at 6% year-over-year growth, then I would probably put us somewhere at a target of maybe about 150 basis points of improvement from the first quarter. Like always, the second quarter is going to be dependent upon how much acceleration we see. While we're encouraged by some things, we're not ready to make the call to say that things are definitely accelerating and that we can hit some of those sequential points as we go through May and June. Obviously, hopefully, we'll continue to see some acceleration there. That will create operating density for us and will allow us to improve our margin from the first quarter to the second quarter. Thank you.

The next question comes from Daniel Umbro of Stevens. Please go ahead.

Okay, great. This is Grant on for Daniel. Thanks for taking our questions. There was a question, there was a comment in the release around some recent developments that suggest overall demand for your services may be improving. Could you maybe just provide a little more context around, you know, what that comment was referring to? Is that more of a wait for shipment comment that is maybe impacting some of your yield metrics in April that you discussed earlier? And maybe if you could also just provide a bit of an update on the underlying demand environment. Thanks.

Yeah, I would say right now underlying demand has felt relatively consistent, but it does feel like things are improving a bit. And obviously, like I just mentioned, we've seen some sequential acceleration. Obviously, January was hit pretty good with winter weather, and we saw the impact of that. but we increased from there through February and then saw again some of the sequential improvement in shipments through March and thus far into April. But I feel like there's several factors that are starting to turn. We've been in a long, slow cycle for going back to April of 22, and maybe to borrow a line from Taylor Swift, is that over now we're kind of waiting to see But we saw ISM inflect back above 50 for the first time. Like you mentioned, our weight per shipment has increased again. We saw a little bit of a change from January to February. It dropped a little bit, but then it came back in March. And at this point through April, we're up a little bit higher. So, you know, you sort of balance that with conversations that we've had from customers and we look at our national accounts reporting on wins and losses, there's a lot of good things that feel like they're developing. If history repeats itself, usually a couple months after that ISM reflects or inflects the positive, we start seeing some improvement in our industrial activity as well. That's something that will steal our retail outperforms our industrial business in the first quarter. If that's something that we can start seeing some recovery there, all of those things and factors hopefully will be increasing the demand for LTL service. And we're certainly in a position to take advantage of that opportunity as it presents itself.

Appreciate it. Thanks, guys.

The next question comes from Jordan Alliger of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Yeah, hi, morning. I'm just curious if you could talk to a little bit more the yield side of the equation, perhaps a little more color around mix, core pricing you're seeing as your contracts come up, and I guess broadly, is this any way, is the yield deceleration, I don't know, is it tied in some way to more intense competition out there given industry spare capacity? Thanks.

Yeah, that's why we wanted to be clear with the comments earlier that we don't see this in any way as being a reflection on the overall environment. And certainly there is no change with respect to what our yield management initiatives are. We continue to target trying to achieve yield improvement that ultimately leads to our revenue for shipment outperforming our cost for shipment. That's something we've been able to achieve and we've targeted 100 to 150 basis points in the past and obviously with the weakness in the volume environment over the past year, we weren't able to achieve that positive spread in 2023, but we kept on investing and that's created more cost and we're continuing to invest this year. I do think we're getting close back to this point and perhaps it will inflect back in the second quarter. to where we do see a positive spread, probably not to that full 100 to 150 basis points delta, but I do think that we can see our revenue per shipment now going back above what our cost per shipment change would otherwise be. But we're continuing to work through contracts as they're coming due. We're winning some new business. Sometimes that can come on board when you look at things on a 100-way basis, that number can skew and be skewed by multiple factors, be it the weight per shipment, the length of haul, which has been decreasing, the class of freight as well. There's multiple things that can move that number around, and the year-over-year growth is just a little bit slower in April than where we were in the first quarter. But our revenue per shipment overall is what matters the most, and that's performing pretty consistent with where we were. in the first quarter, at least from a core basis. It's a little bit higher right now, including the fuel, but on a core basis, looking at revenue per shipment, ex-fuel, pretty close to where we were in the first quarter. I still feel good about the environment and certainly seeing the activity that we've had internally and the increases that we continue to achieve, we feel good about things and especially the line of sight to seeing some positive spread, once again, of rev per ship outperforming the cost per ship.

Thank you.

The next question comes from Bascom Majors of Susquehanna. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking my questions. I think your long-term shareholders can be happy with the discipline you've held through this two-year protracted down cycle on sticking to your guns and strategy and waiting to really monetize the capacity and the better part of the cycle in the future here, especially with all the changes in the competitive landscape and capacity moving around in some of your peers. But as you look forward and wait for that inflection, are there things you are looking for in that the market may have changed and the strategy does require a tweak here or there. I'm just curious internally what you're watching for to see that things may have shifted in some way, shape or form in the way that customers are viewing OD. Thank you.

Yeah, I think certainly time will tell and it's something that we continue to watch and The business levels, our market share trends, all of those pretty much have been in line with what we would have otherwise expected. When we go through a slower economic environment, it's something where our market share is generally flattish and a little hard to track market share right now with the disruption post-Yellow's closure. Maybe the way I look at it is slightly different than the way some of you do, but If I compare at least what we have from a fourth quarter reporting where all the public carriers are reported, it looks like we're in really good shape if you compare back to the second quarter, so kind of before and after that event. We've gained some market share relative to the other public carriers combined, and The largest carrier in the space has gained the most shipments. Again, second quarter to the fourth quarter, not looking at just a year-over-year percent change, but pre-event, post-event, they have. Then there's one other carrier that's grown about the same as us, just a little bit higher shipments per day. Then all of the other public carriers are pretty flat when you look otherwise. A lot of what we have seen historically is similar types of trends, and then when the economy starts inflecting back to the positive, that's the time when OD's model shines the brightest, and we think that will happen once again. Once we get some economic recovery, if you will, some real economic improvement where we've been running against the wind for the past two years, we get some tailwind from the economy. I think you will see that volume growth come through our network and we'll be able to leverage that improvement in operating density to drive that with improved operating ratios. We don't believe at this point that anything will be any different. Like Marty said earlier, we're really pleased with our customer retention trends, the way that we've seen business levels change over the past year and a half and it's been slower. we're in place and ready to respond to our customers' needs when they see their businesses inflecting back to the positive. So all the things are in place. We just need a little bit more improvement in the underlying freight demand environment to capitalize on it. And certainly feel like we're closer to that event changing and that inflection point. And there have been some green shoots that if you're looking at things from a a glass half full kind of standpoint, which I typically do, that you can read through and see some potential opportunity for perhaps later this year. We're definitely in place. We feel like all the pieces are there. We said it earlier, anyone can go out and you can buy terminals, you can buy equipment, but the thing that differentiates us the most is our people and our culture. Those are things that cannot be be duplicated, certainly not in any short period of time. And I think the commitment that we have from each of our employees to excellence and delivering superior service for our customers is what will allow OD's model to continue to shine into the future and allow us to achieve our long-term market share initiatives.

Thank you, Adam.

The next question comes from Amit Mahotra of Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

Thanks, operator. Hi, everybody. Adam, I just want to go back to the OR comment on the second quarter. I mean, if I just look at revenue per day, I assume it should accelerate, given maybe easier comps, rest of the quarter or so. You're growing maybe revenue. mid to high single digits in the second quarter. And so the implied, you know, incrementals on that are like 25 to 30% to get to the OR in 2Q. And I would have just imagined with all the pricing that's been taken in the industry and, you know, the front end loaded nature of the cost, like we could do better than that. I don't know if that's a fair view or not, but I'd love to get your opinion on that. And then maybe more higher level on the OR You know, you've got, I think right now, probably 18% of your revenue is direct cost if I'm doing my calculations right. And it's been as low as maybe 16%. So you've got a couple hundred basis points there. And then there's obviously leverage on mix and variable costs. Can you just talk about kind of the levers to improve margins over the next couple of years if we do get a recovery? Because there is this view that, you know, there's not much more to go when you're already doing a 72, 73 OR.

Well, if you remember, we had done a 69.6 and a 69.1 in the second and third quarters of 2022 when we had more revenue growth going on and felt like we had room to go from there. So nothing's changed with respect to where we feel like we can take the operating ratio long term, which is part of the reason why we repeated the goal of being able to achieve a sub-72 annual operating ratio, but there's a few things to try to unpack from that question. I would say that when we're initially in the upswing, get into the environment where we start seeing revenue growth again, eventually when you get into it, that's periods of higher incremental margins for us, but you've got to get to the point where you've got enough revenue to recover some of the fixed overhead costs that and the increase in some of the other variable costs that go along with preparing for growth. We've already instituted some of those costs. For example, we've added about 500 people since September of last year. We were averaging 51,000 shipments per day in September last year, and now we're at about 48,000. We've tried to continue to do all the things to get ahead of anticipated growth, and we're having to manage all of those costs, and we do. We manage the efficiency of all elements of our operation and try to manage and match all of those costs with our revenue trends. But I would say that the uncertainty with the second quarter is just whether or not revenue will continue to accelerate or what we end up seeing. If we continue to improve from here, that's going to be an improvement in operating density, and that will drive further improvement in our direct cost performance. If you pull our operating ratio in the first quarter apart, I think you may have said it in the inverse, but our direct cost, which are all the costs associated with moving freight, most of which are variable, we're about 53% of revenues. Our overhead costs, which are more fixed in nature, is between 20% to 21% of revenue. Those costs are somewhere around $300 million, a little bit higher than that in the first quarter. That $300 million is going to be there in the second quarter. It's probably going to be closer to $305 plus or minus. You've got that base cost to bounce around. Those being at 20% to 21% to one of your other points, That's been as low as 16% in the past when you're really leveraging up, in particular, all the investments that we've made in capital expenditures and driving an improvement there. On the direct cost side, though, that 53%, just as late as the third quarter of last year, those costs were around 51%. That was still in a tough operating environment. We definitely have got further room for improvement from a direct cost basis, and then obviously there's a lot of leverage there on the overhead side, and those factors are what gives us confidence that we can get the operating ratio back to a sub-70, but we're not gonna make decisions that would help cost in the short run that may jeopardize the opportunity in the long run. The reason we've been able to outgrow our competitors in strong growth periods like 2018, 2021, where our tonnage growth can be a thousand basis points or more higher than the industry is because of the decisions we make in tougher times. We've got the financial strength to be able to invest in service center growth, to be able to invest in our equipment, to invest in employees and do all the things to be ready for that growth. And that's why oftentimes in those strongest growth periods, we're growing double-digit volumes, and a lot of our competitors are flattish in those periods. So all those same strategic advantages, the pre-investment ahead of the growth curve, all of those continue to be in place, and we'll get the most leverage on them when we get into a real accelerating and growth environment again.

But, Adam, if I could just quickly follow up on that for a second, because the strategy seems to be, you know, we're going to sit around and wait for somebody to screw up. and that's when the market share opportunity is going to come. And that may have been the case for the last 10 or 15 years, but what's plan B? Like what happens if no national player screws up because everybody's focused on service and they actually deliver? What is the plan of action then?

Look, we're not just sitting back doing nothing. We're fighting every day to get better and working with each one of our customer accounts to make sure that that we're in there, we're having conversations about how we're going to be able to grow with them. But we also don't have to feel the need to go out and try to chase volume, which many of the competitors have done in the past. And then they get their network full and they're unable to grow. So the point that I was making earlier about there's not been as much growth when you look at what has happened sequentially over the last couple of quarters, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter. And when you look, I see that our share has improved from second quarter to fourth quarter, from third quarter to fourth quarter as well. So we're doing this in an environment that is not creating a lot of freight activity. I think that when we get out of this environment, I think that the time to challenge our model would be if we're in an environment where There is robust economic growth, and we're not able to achieve anything, but we are a long ways from there.

Thank you very much. Appreciate it.

The next question comes from Eric Morgan of Barclays. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to follow up on the demand environment and, in particular, how you would characterize the depth of this two-year slump in volumes. You know, obviously the industry has underperformed industrial production quite a bit since early 22, but if we benchmark 2019 and try to kind of look through the pandemic, you know, both are kind of somewhat flat. So just curious if we think we've overcorrected and could see a bit of a catch up on the upside if there is some macro improvement or if you think maybe we're more in equilibrium now and should see more of kind of industrial production type growth from here. Thanks.

Yeah, I mean, certainly the past two years have felt more like the 2009 recession. When you look back last year and see double-digit tonnage in some periods and overall for the year, we were down 9%. It was a very tough operating environment, but again, we continue to try to to power through it and position ourselves for future market share opportunities. And I think that's what we've done, managing all of our other incremental costs along the way to keep producing what is by far and away the best operating ratio in our industry. And so, you know, I think that when you get back to an environment where transportation in general, the truckload market in particular has been incredibly weak, I think there has been some spillover of volumes that have gone into that industry, just given the overall weakness there and players that are willing to move freight, take some maybe large, heavy-weighted LTL shipments for cost or less than their cost to operate just to keep the trucks rolling. That's been another challenge, if you will, that we've had to contend with. That will all change as the economy improves, just like we've seen in prior cycles. I think that our industry will be tight once again. I continue to believe that despite some other carriers adding service centers, that we will be a capacity challenge industry in the future as well. Ultimately, all of the service centers and door capacity that existed with Yellow, Not 100% of that is going to come back into the market as we've already seen with the process that it's played out over the last nine months. Those are all things that we think will end up creating opportunities for us again. I think that once we have that tailwind coming at us from an overall industry demand standpoint, that we'll be able to capitalize. be able to significantly grow our volumes like we've been able to do in the past, and then leverage that growth through the operating ratio. If you look back in any periods past when we lost the operating ratio in any given year or period, and go back to 2009 and look at that, we lost the operating ratio, deteriorated 270 basis points that year. Once we get the power of leverage in the model, we more than recover anything that we've lost. In that example, in 2010, when things really were robust again, we were able to improve the OR by 360 basis points. I feel like, though, from getting to the improvement cycle, that it feels similar to 2017, where things are kind of on the edge of getting ready to start showing improvement again, and hopefully we'll continue to see some some growth as we go through the middle part of the year, some year-over-year growth and further sequential improvement. And then, you know, things really start taking off and we'll go from there. But, you know, that's the good thing about our mid-quarter updates is we're going to give it to you as we go along. So you'll see the final April results we'll put in our 10Q, the final May results from a revenue standpoint we'll publish and, you'll know it is developing versus me having to look through the crystal ball and predict when we're going to see the big inflection in revenue coming.

Appreciate it.

The next question comes from Bruce Chan of Stiefel. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks, and good morning, everyone. Jack, congrats, and Adam, I didn't take you for a swifty, but Maybe if I can borrow a line from her as well, just a question about the tortured pricing department here. We've heard from a couple shippers, you know, that there's one last push going on for lower rates, especially, you know, some of those that maybe negotiated in the first quarter of 23 and kind of felt like they missed a little bit of the ride there. Have you seen any of that? And, you know, specifically, have you seen any pull forward in bid activity early in the year? Any extra color in the pricing trends for this year? Certainly helpful.

Yeah, I've got a teenage daughter, so I can't help but hear certain types of music in the house. But on the pricing front, we've not really seen any material change in activity or bid activity. For us, it's pretty consistent through the year in terms of how bids come in. So it's pretty much just business as usual there. And again, like we said earlier, continuing to get the same types of increases, you know, on a core basis that we've seen in the past.

Okay, that's helpful. Thank you.

The next question comes from Ken Hoekster of Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you. This is Adam Roszkowski on for Ken Hoekster, the team. And Jack, I hope the other side is treating you well. So I wanted to get back to the excess capacity comment. You noted about 30%. Could you remind us of the current capacity expansion plan, maybe in the near term or the next couple years? And then average headcount was up slightly sequentially. How should we think about the headcount run rate for the balance of the year? And maybe could this serve as a potential cost lever? Thanks.

Yeah, from a headcount standpoint, I mentioned that we've added about 500 people since September of last year, so I feel like we're in good shape there. The other thing is that we are running our truck driving schools, and so some of the people that we pulled from a platform position and put them into a truck in the fall to respond to that sequential acceleration in business, we've been able to backfill those platform positions. roles with the hiring, but also have trained more drivers to have those employees and drivers in ready reserve, if you will, to respond to an increase in demand if it continues to accelerate from here. It's pretty much in balance right now with the change in full-time employees with shipments. That's something that generally is balanced over the long term. But I feel like we tried to get a little bit ahead of it, but we're cautiously optimistic about and had been for the last quarter. So that was why we went ahead and tried to invest there in that employee growth. But we'll continue to watch, and we're a little bit ahead of it. We've got different levers that we can pull if volumes are accelerating to where you don't have to to hire on a one-for-one basis with growth, but we're in a good spot. It may be kind of flattish from here, but depending on if we see further acceleration coming through, say, now to anticipate through September, then that might require some further hiring. But no real immediate needs at this point to do anything in a material way. I feel like our employee count is pretty well balanced with the volumes that we're seeing. And maybe Marty will address the service center capacity.

Yeah, from a capacity standpoint, we always try to maintain at least 25%. And, you know, with the 30 that we have now, some of that comes from what we started as a, you know, enlarging some of our docks. that we had experienced some tight door pressure in which we keep a door pressure report going on a monthly basis. But some of those things are finishing up from expansions in 2022, thus the reason for the 30%. But we always try to keep excess capacity because we're confident this economy is going to turn for us and, you know, if not this year, you know, beginning in next year or so. There's nothing worse than getting an influx and promises from customers for additional business and not having enough capacity to handle it. That's why we try to keep that 25% to 30% at all times.

Thank you.

The next question comes from Stephanie Moore of Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks. Good morning, everybody. This is Joe happening on for Stephanie. I hate to ask again on the capacity question, but you've mentioned a couple of times how you think that, you know, the strategy of the past would continue to work and that the environment itself will become tight, but with sort of all the rest of the national players, essentially copying the old dominion playbook and trying to keep a 20 to 30% excess capacity figure themselves. How are you thinking about keeping incremental capacity or adding incremental capacity? Do you think that the industry overall today, with everybody trying to be like Old Dominion, does that lead to the industry just having excess capacity more than there ever was in the prior decades?

I think that at the end of the day, capacity is not what wins business. It allows you to achieve market share initiatives. Having capacity doesn't necessarily mean that anyone's going to be able to grow. It just gives the ability to grow. Service is ultimately what wins share and relationships in this business as well. I think that we've been able to strengthen our customer relationships over time, our sales and our pricing teams, the relationships that they've formed with our customers, the consistency of our business practices, the consistency of our yield management. practices as well, all that goes into forming strong bonds between us and our customers. And so we continue to look at ways that we can add further value to our customer supply chains, and we look for ways that we can continue to execute on a continuous improvement process, which is a central element of our foundation for success. So we've got a better service product. than anyone else in our industry. We're proud that we've won the MassDO Quality Award for 14 years in a row and the service gap between us and the others actually got wider in last year's analysis. That's something that we'll remain focused on and keep trying to do things that our customers are asking from us and to be able to deliver that superior service at a fair price to our customers as well. The competition that is trying to emulate us, I guess that's one of the things about imitation being the most sincere form of flattery. We'll continue to watch and see what they're doing, but it's something that people have been trying to emulate for years, and we're not sitting still to let someone try to come up and catch us. We're working hard every day to get better, to make sure that service gap and the overall value gap that we add continues to get wider.

Great. And maybe just on that point, have you heard any maybe anecdotes from customers lately, you know, on any service issues, or is the environment just still too weak right now for that to really become an issue?

Yeah, haven't heard anything out of the ordinary, things that we wouldn't. normally here, but the reporting, we've had some improvement in the national account reporting that we get with wins and losses. And service issues are starting to increase, I would just say, generally. We're starting to see those start to pick up. So just something that's kind of on the precipice of one other item that's kind of changing in our favor. Got you. Thanks so much for the call, Eric.

The next question comes from Jason Seidel of TD Cowen. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Hey, team. A couple quick questions here. Number one, you know, when we're thinking about sort of either the tonnage or market share, you know, it seems that, you know, pre-pandemic, it was more of a just-in-time supply chain, and that shifted a little bit to just-in-case. Now it seems like we're probably moving back a little bit more towards the JIT. Is this something that just sort of favors your operational model and service standards? And if it does, should we expect you to sort of get back to sort of the old ways of old dominion of sort of being the market share leader?

Yeah, I think so, Jason. I agree with you. And I felt like post-pandemic we were going to stay in more of a just-in-case type of inventory management style, but Once things get tight and you start managing cost, you have to look at all elements. Managing tighter inventory is one way for shippers to improve their overall bottom lines. We've seen that trend work its way back to the JIT. We've had anecdotal feedback from customers that have come in and visited us as well that may have had elevated inventory levels that they have now worked through. Hopefully, that will be a good thing for us. It generally is. Obviously, if you're managing tighter inventory, you've got to rely on a shipper that can deliver on time and without damage. If you don't have excess inventory sitting around, you can't afford to have a shipment come in that's completely damaged, and you've got to deal with a return and reorder type of situation. And so that has supported our ability to win market share over time. It's something that we think will continue to allow us to win market share as we go forward. And it works both with our industrial and our retail customers, but on the retail side with the on-demand and in full programs that many retailers have put in place to manage their inventory. That's a tremendous opportunity for continued growth in our business as well. We're able to meet the expectations of those retailers and take the vendor controlled freight and make sure that we hit those delivery windows and we're doing it 99% of the time. and without any type of damage. So we're minimizing, in some case, millions of dollars of chargebacks for retail-related customers that are delivering into those big box retailers with those on-time and full programs in place. So a lot of good opportunity when we look down the long-term curve, and it's why we're so confident in our ability to keep winning market share into the future. I feel like we continue to have a long runway for growth and And that's what dictates and determines our capital expenditure program. We look at where we see growth coming from. A lot of that is based on customer conversations that we're having for how their business levels are going to be changing into the future as well. And that dictates how we continue to expand out our network. So as long as we have line of sight, into the next five years of growth. And that's generally what we're kind of pre-investing for. We will continue to invest the money into our real estate program and further expand the service center network. But it's all grounded on a line of sight into market share opportunities. It's not just a build it and hope they come.

Right. That makes sense. If I can just follow up with a clarification on something you talked about. your growth rates month to date in April. But did I miss, did you guys give how that compares to historical averages?

In terms on a sequential standpoint or?

Yeah, because I think you mentioned the sequential gain in tonnage in April, but I don't know if I missed the historical average comp.

Yeah, so far, I mean, obviously we're not completely done, but we're somewhere around 48,000 shipments per day. So just up slightly from where we were in March. We'll see. Hopefully, that will increase a little bit, that average count, if you will. When we look at what normal seasonality, the 10-year average is a 0.4% increase from March into April for shipments. But recall that we had the Good Friday is in there in March this year. So in years where that is the case, it would be a 2% increase from March to April. So right now, trending lower than that 2% growth, but when you look back at kind of what we were able to achieve in February and March, again, consistent growth and On the tonnage side, we saw the 2% sequential growth from January to February, and then about 2.5% from February to March, demonstrating a little bit of pickup in weight per shipment there that helped that metric. That metric was essentially in alignment with the 10-year average, or rather the adjusted average that reflects Good Friday being in March. It's good to see that we're finally seeing month over month improvement there versus, I've mentioned before, from April of 22 through December, we were kind of in a declining environment and then just flat from December at 47,000 shipments per day, December 22 all the way to August when we had the big industry event and that acceleration that we saw pretty much that step function change that happened on an immediate basis. Makes sense.

Appreciate the answers. Thanks, guys.

The next question comes from Brian Offenbeck of JP Morgan. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks. Good morning. I appreciate you taking the question here. So, Adam, just wanted to ask a little bit more about how you view the truckload market here. I know in the past you said you thought some of the freight moved over. I think you mentioned that earlier. But how much of that went over I guess with the disruption with yellow, do you still think that, you know, can come back to LTL and tighten that up? So is that kind of above and beyond what you normally see, you know, from a cyclical perspective? And maybe on a related topic, are you seeing anything interesting in terms of April, excuse me, weight per shipment? Is that sort of a leading indicator that you're watching to see, you know, for early signs of stabilization improvement? Thank you.

Yeah, this is Marty. I agree with Adam that some of this yellow freight did move over to full truckload carriers in the form of stop-offs where they take three or four shipments along with a 75% load and charge a couple hundred bucks to do stop-offs. They don't really like to do that, nor do their drivers like to do it, but I do believe this moved over there. because of the slowness in the truckload market this year and last year. And I also agree that this will move back to LTL carriers once the truckload market picks back up. And I suspect that'll happen at the same time the LTL market starts to flourish again. So that will come straight back to the LTL market.

Okay, thanks, Marty. Any thoughts on wait for... and how that's trending and how we should expect that throughout the rest of the year?

Yeah, we hope to see it continue to increase. That's typically an indicator of an improving economy as well. Like I mentioned, it increased from February to March. It's increased a little bit from March thus far into April as well. So that's something that we're probably on the low end of the scale in terms of how that metric changes. It got a little skewed, if you will, with post yellow and some of the incremental freight that we saw there. Historically speaking, in a strong demand environment, we've been closer to 1,600 pounds as an overall average. We're still down around 1,515 pounds. We definitely have got some room to grow there and That, too, creates, and that's part of the leverage that you get from an operating ratio standpoint is weight continues to increase. You're getting more revenue per shipment, and that will help overall offset and kind of close that gap that we've seen with cost per shipment over the past years. The cost, relatively speaking, should be very similar, but you're just getting more weight and more revenue per load, if you will.

Okay, appreciate it. Thank you very much.

The next question comes from Tom Wadowitz of UBS. Please go ahead.

Yeah, good morning. I wanted to, you know, it seems to me like I guess the freight environment improvement is a key, you know, catalyst for what you're going to see on the tonnage side and give you a chance to, you know, benefit from the capacity and service you can offer. What have you seen in terms of industrial customers versus the kind of retail and consumer customers, whether there's any kind of difference in behavior or trend or optimism? And I guess related maybe more to the retail side, it's been surprising that container imports have been pretty strong for a number of months, and yet the domestic freight environment seems like it's still pretty soft. So I don't know if you have any thoughts on what might be going on there, if there's some inventory, but I guess any color on differences in customer segments or maybe why the imports aren't translating to domestic activity so much. Thank you.

Yes. Overall, the retail continued to reflect, or the industrial rather, reflect the weakness that we've seen in the industrial segment. In the first quarter, we had 1% revenue growth, but it was actually a slight decrease when you look at just our industrial-related accounts grouped together. A little bit better performance on the retail side to offset that in the first quarter, but again, hopefully that's something now that we've seen ISM. trend back above 50. It had been below 50 for 16 months. I mean, just this long, incredibly slow environment that we've been slugging through. But generally speaking, that indicates that improvement in that industrial environment, if we can stay above 50, should be coming. And that could be sort of in that May So it's something that we'll continue to watch. But the retail continues to perform. We've also seen an improvement in the business that's managed by third-party logistics companies. And that's kind of in the early stages as well. But seeing some improvement there I think is a good sign. Oftentimes the three PLs that have the systems, they're able to identify some of those stop-off shipments that Marty was referencing earlier by being able to look through their entire inventory of capacity versus shipments. And so if we're starting to see some growth there again with those, then maybe some of that type of truck load versus LTL swing might start reversing course. But again, I think it's just a lot of things are kind of in the early stages that we've got to keep watch on and Don't want to get overly caught up in, but keep our fingers on the pulse, if you will, and continue to watch the trends and see if it manifests into increased LTL demand overall, for which I think that we will more than be able to win our share.

The next question comes from Scott Group of Wolf Research. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks. Good morning. So, Adam, I know we're at the hour. There have been a lot of questions on price already, so some of this may be repetitive, but obviously these LTL stocks are getting hit pretty hard today. The April yield numbers, they are what they are, but I just want to make sure, it doesn't feel like it, but are you in any way communicating any kind of change in the underlying pricing environment here, the competitive dynamic? I know you don't share pricing renewals every quarter like some of the other LTLs, but maybe this quarter could be helpful. Are they slowing? What's changing in your mind?

Yeah. And again, to repeat, nothing is changing with respect to the core contract increases that we're achieving. and that we're targeting. We continue to target cost-plus increases, and we're getting those. It's just a little bit different in the mix of freight that we're seeing. We've seen a little bit of a decrease in length of haul, some change and increase in weight for shipment, like I mentioned. All those factors kind of lead to a lower revenue per 100 weight. So just looking at things on a pure per 100 weight basis, it's gone from just call it 6.5% growth in the first quarter to 4.5% excluding fuel so far in April. But we've said before, 100 weight can move around quickly and that's why internally we focus more on revenue per shipment than anything. That's what we pick up every day are shipments and That's what we've got to figure out. What's the cost to pick up a shipment? What's the cost to line haul a shipment? Cross-dock it. Everything that we do is driven on a per-shipment basis. I think we can't get back to having a positive spread of revenue per shipment versus our cost per shipment performance. That will continue to be the initiative. I don't see anything changing with respect to the pricing environment and Nothing changing that we've seen as we've gone through renewals and bids and so forth with respect to the other carriers in the industry. Obviously, we'll see what their reports when they come out, but we've not seen anything change in that regard. It's just some mixed changes that are impacting our revenue per hundredweight metrics thus far into April.

But just so I'm clear, I don't think you guys talked about revenue per shipment accelerating with this mixed shift, or maybe it is and I just didn't hear that.

No, but it's staying consistent with where we were. The rev for shipment performance in April thus far is pretty consistent with what we just had in the first quarter. we were up 3.8% revenue per shipment in the first quarter, excluding the fuel surcharge.

Okay. And then just one more question. You talked about like just the power of leverage. Now, if I take what you're saying about Q2, you're sort of saying mid single digit plus sort of top line growth and flattish OR, right? So historically we get mid single digit top line and we, we, see real OR improvement. How come, maybe it's just a timing issue, how come you're not suggesting we see the power of that leverage right away in Q2?

Well, I think that that's something that obviously, depending on how much volume growth we actually see in the quarter or not sequentially, we've invested significantly in in many factors that we detailed earlier that create short-term costs. If we can see some further improvement and if weight and shipments really accelerate from here forward, then obviously there's a lot of leverage that would therefore come from that, but But that's something that if we continue to grow revenue, it's kind of a 6% year-over-year rate like we saw in April. Then we tried to give a factor of, okay, maybe we only see 150 basis points of sequential improvement, which would still be year-over-year improvement where we were in the second quarter last year. But I think it's just going to move on a sliding scale, if you will, based on how much revenue comes in. Typically, like I mentioned, the revenue growth is between 8.5% and 9%, 8.7% from the first quarter to the second quarter. We're just not there yet. Hopefully, we see further sequential improvement in May and June. Obviously, we'll give the update for May. with our mid-quarter update as we go along, but the improvement that we see in the operating ratio is typically 350 to 400 basis points of improvement. A lot of that improvement comes by way of the direct cost. It's mainly the salaries, wages, and benefits, and our ops supplies and expenses, and that's coming from the improvement in operating density and taking advantage of all that incremental freight that's moving through the system. If all those things do develop, then obviously we can produce further improvement in those direct costs. Like I mentioned earlier, from a headcount standpoint, I feel good about where we are. It's not like we've got to scale up even more in terms of our hiring practices, but we'll probably be working more hours and doing things like that with the existing workforce. There's opportunity to scale there, but Like any other period, it's just going to be top line dependent for how much growth do we see and how much of that incremental growth we'll be able to put to the bottom line.

Okay, I appreciate that. Sorry, some of that was repetitive. Thanks, guys.

The next question comes from Jeff Kaufman of Vertical Research Partners. Please go ahead.

Thank you for squeezing me on. And Jack, congratulations. Really looking forward to working with you in this role. You know, a lot's been asked, so I just want to take a step back. It's been a weird couple of years, right? We had COVID, big up, big down, inflation. We've had inventory destocking. We've had the yellow closure. We've had a lot of growth in private fleets. All of this, I think, makes it difficult to predict anything. what's going to happen with business, but eventually we do anniversary, all these impacts and things start to resemble what might be considered a more normal operating environment. When do you think we get back to that? And where is your vision most foggy relative to what it would be without these oddities that have occurred?

Yeah, I don't have my Carnac, the magnificent hat here handy to be able to predict when things are going to change, but that's probably the most fuzziest thing is when will the inflection point happen? Obviously, it's called a cycle for a reason, and we will get back into a robust demand environment at some point, and when we do, we will be able to take advantage of that and We've built the company up. We've been growing our company for years and continue to believe that we've got a lot of growth opportunity as we look out into the future. Obviously, we put on a lot of growth. We were able to grow our revenues a billion dollars in each of 2021 and 2022 and then ran into the slowdown in the economy. We've been making our way through that very well I'm very proud of the operating ratio that we were able to produce last year in a challenging environment. We're still in an environment that we're not out of the woods yet, if you will. We still had in the first quarter a 3% reduction in tons per day and essentially had a flat operating ratio, but we're able to produce positive earnings per share as well. I feel good about the base level of operations where we are today and being able to build on what we've established. There's a long runway for growth out there when it comes to a top-line standpoint that we believe for our business. We've got further room to improve our operating ratio as well. That will allow us to achieve our vision of achieving long-term profitable growth that drives an increase in shareholder value. So all those same elements are in place. You know, there may be some different logos that have been moving around on service centers and different customers given all the disruption that's taken place over the last six to nine months. But OD stands ready, and we'll continue to add value to our customer supply chains, and we feel like we'll be able to drive significant growth in our business as we go forward.

You know, it's funny, as you were talking about the service centers, I was just thinking you can add all the service centers you want, but that doesn't make your service or your culture equivalent. Thank you for the answer. And that's a great observation.

Yeah.

This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Marty Freeman for any closing remarks.

Yeah, I'd like to thank all of you today for your participation, and we really appreciate your questions. If you have anything further, please feel free to give us a call, and we'll be glad to answer it. And I hope you have a good rest of the week. Thank you.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation, and you may now disconnect.