Paramount Global

Good afternoon. My name is Nadia and I'll be the conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to Paramount Global's Q3 2024 earnings conference call. At this time, all lines have been muted to prevent any background noise. After the speaker remarks, there'll be a Q&A session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star fill it by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, please press star fill it by two. In order to get as many of the questions as possible, we ask that you please submit yourself to one question. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Jamie Morris, Paramount Global's EVP Investor Relations. You may now begin your conference call.

Good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to join us for our third quarter 2024 earnings call. Joining me for today's discussion are Paramount's co-CEOs Brian Robbins, Chris McCarthy, and George Cheeks, and our CFO, Navin Chopra. Please note that in addition to our earnings release, we have trending schedules containing supplemental information available on our website. Before we start this morning, I want to remind you that certain statements made on this call are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties are discussed in more detail in our filings with the SEC. Some of today's financial remarks will focus on adjusted results. Reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures can be found in our earnings release or in our trending schedules, which contains supplemental information, and in each case can be found in the investor relations section of our website. Now I will turn the call over to Chris.

Thank you, Jamie. Good morning, everyone. I'm Chris McCarthy, and I'm joined here by my fellow co-CEOs, George Cheeks and Brian Robbins. Together, we'll share the results of another very strong quarter, demonstrating the progress we're making against our strategic plan. Then Navin will take us through the financials. Okay, let's start with some headlines. We are pleased with our very strong performance this quarter, fueled by our hit content and our focus on execution. In DDC, we saw Pluto reach record engagement, and on Paramount Plus, we had 3.5 million subscribers, reinforcing our position as the number four global streaming service. Paramount Plus continued its momentum with revenue growth up 25% year over year. This quarter marks the second quarter in a row where DDC achieved profitability with adjusted to OEBIDA improving more than a billion dollars over the past four quarters. And we remain on track to reach Paramount Plus domestic profitability in 2025. We also made progress in streamlining our organization as we continue to successfully execute cost reductions that will result in $500 million in annual run rate savings. And at the same time, we have not slowed down on doing what we do best, continue to produce some of the biggest and broadest hit films and television series. In addition, the Sky Dance transaction achieved a few key milestones, including the conclusion of the Go Shop period, the expiration of the HSR waiting period, and on November 4th, we followed our S4 registration statement with the SEC. We continue to expect the deal to close in the first half of 2025, subject to regulatory approvals and other customer conditions. And now I'll pass it to George to update us on distribution and advertising.

Thanks, Chris.

I'll

start with distribution. In an evolving landscape, we continue to renew longstanding agreements with key partners, including a number of distribution renewals this year. Our track record of getting deals done speaks to the power of our entertainment news and sports content, and we'll continue to work with our partners to innovate and deliver for audiences. As an example of that, our Paramount Plus ad-supported tier is now available to charter customers, enhancing the value we're delivering across linear and streaming. Now, it's early days, but we're pleased with the response so far. Now, turning to advertising. Q3 benefited from record political spend, as well as the return of NFL and college football. Digital ad growth remains strong, showing notable increase in demand year over year, which reflects our valued position from a price, quality, and scale standpoint, and will continue to drive growth. The scale of our digital advertising platform, spanning Paramount Plus, Pluto, as well as other digital properties, is one of the largest addressable footprints in the domestic marketplace, and it represents nearly half of our national domestic advertising revenue, when you exclude sports. Major brands continue to tap into the power of Paramount. Recently, we launched The Summit, a new offering that connects our key ad partners with priority Paramount launches across theatrical, linear, and streaming. For our first Summit partnership, we brought Pepsi together with Gladiator 2. The campaign launched with the NFL on CBS and included immediate blitz across all Paramount global linear, digital, and social platforms. Yet another example of how we're leveraging our creative assets and capabilities to deliver unmatched impact for our biggest advertisers. I also want to touch on our ongoing dispute with Nielsen. We remain engaged with them, and we're hopeful for a resolution. So far, we're encouraged by our partners' willingness to lean into innovation and adopt alternative measurement solutions. Bottom line, our brand and agency partners are the number one priority, and we're proving every day that content, scale, and value are what matters most to advertisers. And with that, over to Brian for an update on our strategic plan.

Thanks, George. We are pleased with the progress we have made in advancing our business by transforming D2C and streamlining our organization to reduce costs. Starting with D2C, the segment was profitable again in the quarter. Sports, including the return of the NFL and UEFA, originals like Mayor of and Tulsa King, as well as post theatrical releases, such as Acquire Place Day One and IF, all drove acquisition in the quarter. For Pluto, we're continuing to see a strong performance. Years date, Pluto delivered its highest consumption ever of 5% to 5.6 billion viewing hours. Growth is being driven by increased use of video on demand with more available content, enhanced discoverability, and a better user experience. And as we said before, we are evaluating potential partnerships in streaming through a lens of creating value for the business and our shareholders over the long term. And given the complexity, we are being deliberate and thoughtful in our approach and assessment. Moving to streamlining our organization, we have made progress on realizing 500 million in non-content cost savings, which will reduce our US-based workforce by 15%. To date, we have executed 90% of these reductions and expect to have the remaining completed by the end of the year. Our objective has been to unlock operational efficiencies and right-size the cost base while continuing to invest in the growth levers that are the key to future, including content, streaming, and advertising. In addition, we remain diligent as we optimize our asset mix. The sale of our equity interest in Biocom 18 is a great example, which will result in an attractive financial return on our investment. We expect the sale to close in Q4. Now let's move to the core of what we do best, making some of the biggest and broadest hit films and TV series. I will pass to Chris to kick us off.

Thanks, Brian. Let's start with Paramount Plus, where this fall we kicked off one of our most ambitious flights to date, seeing the return of our biggest hit series, like Mary Kingstown and Tulsa King, which returned to great fanfare, each quickly soaring into a top 10 streaming original across all ESSOD services. And Tulsa King also broke records as the number one global debut in Paramount Plus history. Internationally, where we have South Park exclusively for ESSOD, it ranks as a top five star driver and the number two engagement driver. And we're excited to have the South Park series return to Paramount Plus here in the U S starting in June of 2025. We're confident this momentum will continue throughout the quarter with the return of Lioness, which premiered October 27th and is off to a great start, scoring as a top five global series premiere in Paramount Plus history, followed by Lambman, a new series from Taylor Sheridan, which will premiere November 17th and stars Billy Bob Thornton, Demi Moore, and Jon Hamm. This series has all the makings of a great big hit and promises to do for the oil industry what Yellowstone did for ranching. Now moving over to our premium tier, this quarter marks the beginning of a new adrenalized Showtime slate with cinematic high stake originals and the return of some fan favorites, starting with the Agency, a new global espionage series from executive producer George Clooney, starring Michael Fassbender, Richard Gere, Jeffrey Wright, and Jodie Turner Smith, which will premiere later this month. And that's followed by the return of Showtime's most successful franchise ever Dexter with a new origin story titled Dexter Original Sin. And on cable, we also saw some impressive results. The Challenge, the series that created the reality competition genre, celebrated its 40th season with the highest share in franchise history, up 60 percent versus the previous season. This was followed by the MTV Video Music Awards, which attracted its biggest audience in four years on linear. And on social, it broke records as the number one most social entertainment telecast in television history, besting all entertainment and sports. And on The Daily Show, the return of Jon Stewart continues to pay off, having won our second Primetime Emmy in a row. And on Monday nights with Jon of the helm, The Daily Show remains the number one late night show across linear and social. And it's working hard for us on Paramount Plus with engagement up 10x. And Jon's not going anywhere. As we just announced, he's extended a stay through 2025. And to continue your momentum, this Sunday, Yellowstone, one of the most eagerly anticipated shows of the year, will return on the Paramount Network in the U.S. And internationally on Paramount Plus, where it's been the number one star driver and the number one engagement driver for the full year to date. And now I'll turn it over to George to walk us through CBS Entertainment, Sports and News.

For CBS, fall means football and the launch of our new Primetime schedule. The network's coming off a record setting 23-24 NFL season, as well as the top rated Primetime schedule that includes the return of last year's number one show. In the first five weeks of this season, the NFL on CBS is averaging more than 20 million viewers. That's up 5% from last year. And streaming of the games on Paramount Plus is up over 50% year over year. CBS Primetime, which just launched its new season, is off to a great start. Tracker's once again the most watched series on TV. Matlock is the number one new show. And Georgian Mandy, a spinoff of Young Sheldon, is the most watched comedy. And our shows are winning across platforms. Matlock's first episode reached more than 22 million viewers in its first 30 days. Tracker's season two premiere delivered over 15 million multi-platform viewers in just its first seven days. That's up 25% from its time period premiere last year. Now turning to news, the total minutes watched on our CBS News 24-7 streaming network continues to grow. Up 56% over 2023 and up 78% versus third quarter last year. We expanded and rebranded the platform with more live programming and the increased presence of key CBS News talent. All of this speaks to the collective power of broadcast and streaming, working together to aggregate more unduplicated viewership while optimizing the value and efficiency of our content investments. Our programming strategy remains laser focused on entertainment, news, and sports that excel on both CBS and Paramount+. Over to you, Brian.

On the Paramount Pictures front, at the end of the second quarter, A Quiet Place Day One opened to nearly 100 million worldwide and set the franchise record for the biggest opening at the global box office. To date, the film has grossed 261 million worldwide. Transformers 1 also debuted as the first animated Transformers film in nearly four decades, grossing 127 million at the global box office to date. And most recently, the October release of Smile 2 from homegrown talent Parker Finn saw a record breaking global premiere, out earning its predecessor's debut weekend. It also makes Smile 2 Paramount's fourth number one opening this year after Mean Girls, Bob Marley One Love, and IF. We're confident that the rest of Q4 will build on this momentum thanks to an impressive roster of upcoming releases, including next up Ridley Scott's Gladiator 2, one of the most anticipated films of the year with a phenomenal cast, including Alma Scal and Academy Award winner Denzel Washington. Early tracking and first reactions are generating optimism and excitement for the movie's release and award season prospects. Now, rounding out our diverse slate, we're excited to be bringing audiences the journalistic thriller September 5, which has been on the festival circuit generating awards buzz. Also the third installment of fan favorite, Sonica Hedgehog, with Jim Carrey and the original cast reprising their roles. And then Better Man from the director of The Greatest Showman, Michael Gracie, and based on the life and music of Robbie Williams. And looking ahead to 2025, we have a fantastic, robust lineup with something for everyone. That includes an eighth Mission Impossible, the reboot of the Naked Gun franchise starring Liam Neeson, new installments of beloved animated franchises like Smurfs and SpongeBob, which is celebrating its 25th anniversary, and Running Man from director Edgar Wright and starring Glenn Powell, to name just a few. Taken together, all of our content reinforces that we have so much to be excited about in this period of evolution and transformation for our business and the industry. It is what continues to create value for our partners, investors and the broader media landscape, both now and well into the future. With that, let me turn it over to Naveen for more detail on our Q3 financials. We'll then look forward to taking your question.

Thank you, Brian. Good morning, everyone. Q3 demonstrated the progress we've made in transforming Paramount for the future. We delivered adjusted EBITDA of $858 million in the quarter, up 20% year over year, reflecting significant improvement in our D2C business, which continues to deliver healthy top line growth and improved operating leverage. As always, you'll find a comprehensive review of financial results in our press release. For today's call, I'll focus on a few areas of note, starting with advertising. Total company advertising grew 2%, powered by direct to consumer, which delivered strong growth of 18%, an acceleration versus the 16% growth we saw in Q2. D2C advertising growth was driven by a double digit increase in sold impressions and higher CPMs. And these trends have continued in Q4, where we expect another quarter of double digit D2C advertising growth. In TV media, advertising revenue declined 2%, an improvement versus last quarter, reflecting the return of football and higher political spend. Similar to last quarter, international advertising benefited from the recognition of revenue that was under-reported by an international sales partner in prior periods. Looking ahead, we expect TV media advertising growth in Q4 to be similar to the reported growth rate in Q3. And Q4 growth will benefit from record political spend, but will also have less sports inventory compared to the prior year. Our forecast for Q4 does not assume any additional revenue true-ups from the third party under-reporting. Next, let me turn to affiliate and subscription revenue, which declined 1% in Q3. Now, as a reminder, last year's third quarter included Showtime -Per-View events that did not recur this year as we exited Showtime sports at the end of 2023. This comparison reduced the Q3 growth rate by 270 basis points. Absent the impact of Showtime -Per-View, affiliate and subscription revenue increased 1%, with growth in -to-consumer more than offsetting declines in linear. In the TV media segment, affiliate revenue declined .6% -over-year, reflecting ecosystem trends and the Showtime -Per-View headwind I just mentioned. DSE subscription revenue grew .8% in the quarter, with Paramount Plus subscription revenue up 27% -over-year. Paramount Plus added 3.5 million subscribers in the quarter, reaching 72 million subscribers overall. Subscriber trends benefited from the expansion of an international hard-bundle deal and the return of NFL and college football new originals and theatrical releases. And in Q4, we expect continued subscriber growth at Paramount Plus, driven by a strong slate of originals and the CBS fall schedule. Unlike Q3, we do not expect to add new hard-bundle partnerships in Q4. Global ARPU for Paramount Plus grew 11% in the quarter. ARPU growth was tempered by the lapping of last year's price increase and a -than-expected shift in the mix of our subscriber base toward our essential tier and hard-bundle subscribers. Additionally, the price change we announced in August of 2024 will take some time to be reflected in ARPU due to the grandfathering of existing essential tier subscribers. And these dynamics will continue to influence ARPU growth in Q4. The combination of continued healthy revenue growth and expense discipline in Q3 help deliver our second consecutive quarter of -to-C profitability. In Q4, we expect continued top-line growth. However, the timing of content marketing spend will result in a quarterly loss for the -to-C segment. That said, we like the trajectory of the business over the last few quarters and believe we're well positioned to reach Paramount Plus domestic profitability in 2025. Next, I'll touch on licensing. Licensing and other revenue declined 9% in the quarter, primarily reflecting a lower volume of licensing in the secondary market and lower home entertainment revenues. Now, as I've previously noted, licensing revenue can be fairly uneven from quarter to quarter. And for the full year 2024, we expect licensing revenue to decline relative to 2023. More than half the -over-year decline will come from made for third-party productions. And these productions are strategically valuable, but the scale of our business has been impacted by the decision to steer more content to internal platforms. A smaller part of the -over-year decline in licensing is related to our second run and library licensing activity, partially reflecting lingering strike impact on the business. Even though we'll benefit from the return of the CBS fall slate in Q4, it will take longer than expected to return to our pre-strike level of output. Turning to the balance sheet, in Q3 we deliver 214 million of free cash flow and reduce leverage to 3.8 times. Free cash flow in Q4 will be negative given the timing of content spend and the headwind of approximately 150 million of cash restructuring payments. However, this shouldn't negatively impact leverage as we expect to receive nearly 500 million of proceeds from the Viacom 18 transaction, which is expected to close this quarter. Putting it all together, we remain on track to achieve our key financial goals for 2024. That includes significant growth in total company OYBATA enabled by the progress in D2C profitability you've seen over the last few quarters and the execution of cost savings initiatives across the company. Similarly, our expectations for full year free cash flow growth remain unchanged. Overall, I think 2024 will demonstrate meaningful progress in the ongoing transition of Paramount, encompassing streaming growth, enhanced cost efficiency, and of course, continued investment in our renowned content portfolio. With that, operator, please open the line for questions.

Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star, fill it by one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to remove your question, please press star, fill it by two. When the parent asks your question, please ensure your phone is unmuted locally. We ask that you please link yourself to one question. Our first question goes to Ben Swinburne of Morgan Stanley. Ben, please go ahead.

Good morning. Brian, you talked about being deliberate, given the complexity around direct to consumer and partnerships. I just wondered if you could talk a little bit more now that you guys have been working on it as to sort of what you're solving for, what are the key variables you're looking for, what would lead the company to kind of pull the trigger on either a partnership or a change in how you're kind of working internationally. I think that's been kind of one of your focus areas in streaming. And then, you know, Naveen, it's been I think almost a year since you talked about domestic streaming profitability next year. Given the progress we've seen this year and the cost action you've taken, you know, how far away are you from overall D2C profitability? Any way to kind of update us and dimensionalize sort of the international versus domestic D2C situation as we look at 25 would be helpful. Thank you guys.

Hey Ben, how you doing? This is Chris. I'll take your first part of the question and then I'll pass to Naveen for the second part of that. First, let me start by saying that we're very proud of the success that we've had with Paramount Plus. This quarter saw revenue growth up 27%. It's our second quarter of profitability and for 2025, we're on track for full year domestic profitability. So we feel good about our position and our ability to remain a standalone. Now, that being said, you can absolutely count on us to be opportunistic. We're looking at partnerships from a strategic lens to drive more value and you can be sure that in deciding that we'll take key factors into consideration, but the ultimate value will be is this going to drive increased value for our business today, our consumers and our investors. But as it stands today, we have a momentum driven by our strategy, our execution and are driven by our hit content. And so we feel good about our position as a standalone and we'll continue to look for opportunities. Abin?

Great. Thanks, Chris. And hey, Ben. With regard to your question on D2C profitability in 2025, as you said, we've made tremendous progress this year. Chris mentioned some of the stats. I think it's fair to say that progress has been really multi-dimensional between subscriber growth, improvements in ARPU, strong digital advertising growth, and by the way, some real efficiency improvements on the marketing side of the equation. So I think we're well set up for 2025. And as you heard us say, we do continue to expect the business to get to domestic profitability next year. In terms of how that translates to the segment as a whole, I'd note a few things. First, domestic, we do expect to be profitable next year. Pluto is already a profitable business. And so the real variable is what the P&L for the Paramount Plus international business looks like. And I've generally described that as tracking somewhere in the sort of 12 to 18 months behind the domestic business, just given the relative maturity and the timing of when we launched internationally versus domestic. And I think that's still the right way to think about the business as a whole. And obviously, we'll keep you updated on progress as we continue to move down that path.

Thanks, Ben. Operator,

next question. The next question goes to Brian Kraft of Deutsche Bank. Brian, please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning. I guess the last answer, Naveen, was a good segue to my question, which was you've been making various moves in international markets, but I think you've also been reviewing the strategy on a -by-market basis. So I wanted to ask if at this point there is a clear path forward yet for Paramount Plus in international markets, and if so, if you could talk about what that looks like and how it's differed from the approach up until now. And then just a housekeeping question, Naveen, and sorry if I missed it, but would you be able to quantify for us the impact of the revenue for prior period international ad sales under that partner under reporting? Thank you.

Hey, Brian. How you doing? This is Chris. Listen, let me start by saying we think it is very important to globally monetize our content in the widest possible basis, and our success today really proves that out. Now, we're taking a -to-market approach when we're looking through the lens of how do we drive the most value. In some cases, that'll be an owned and operated situation where we control. In other cases, it'll be a hard bundle with a market leader. And in other cases, it may make more sense for us to really go in a licensing model. But you can rest assured our goal here is to maximize the value for our hit content and look at all opportunities very opportunistically through that lens. And now Pashtun Naveen for the second half of that.

Yeah. Brian, would just like to you a question on the size of the underreported revenue in Q3. It is a relatively important factor in the -over-year trend for international advertising, similar in magnitude to Q2. Actually, I think a little larger in magnitude in Q3 versus Q2. You know, it's, I'd size it in the call it plus or minus 50 million range. And importantly, as I said in our prepared remarks, our forecast for next quarter assumes that there is no further true-up required due to the underreporting.

Thanks, Brian. Operator, next question, please. The next question goes to Rich Greenfield

of Lightshed Partners. Rich, please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking the question. I've got a couple. First on Nielsen, I think you dropped, I think it's been, you know, now over a month, maybe it's been five weeks. I think the last time you had an impasse, it was only like 14 or 15 days, was, you know, I think there's been a lot of speculation in the market that you've saved or that you're in the run rate savings are hundreds of millions of dollars on the cost side. But on the other side, I want to understand what's happening in terms of not being able to sell advertising against Nielsen data. Have you seen any material impact in Q4 from not having Nielsen data and I guess related to any top advertisers that have left CBS or your cable networks because you can't sell against Nielsen and I think you're using video lamp? And then just maybe a housekeeping question for Chris or George, I guess. On the TV media side of the equation, I think everyone's trying to understand sort of the potential of cost cutting longer term. Could you just give us a sense in TV media today, how many employees roughly do you still have in that division after all of the cost cuts that you've done to date? Thanks.

Hey Rich, it's George. I'll take this. So starting with Nielsen, I want to level set, this really is not about affordability. It's about getting the value we need for what we pay. And I think it's important to consider all of this in the context of the media industry. I mean as we all know, linear audiences, especially basic cable linear, are declining and shifting to streaming. This of course is going to affect how we look at the appropriate spend here. I mean for example, we wouldn't want the Nielsen fee for certain networks to be greater than the ad revenue those networks actually generate. Now as to your point on impact, we haven't seen any adverse impact on ad revenue to date and we don't expect a material impact in Q4. But I do want to be clear Rich, that we do recognize that Nielsen can be a valuable resource, it's just that the economics have to make sense for the business. Now as to your second question, you know, setting right now the number is about 6,000 plus in domestic and about 3,000 plus. Now you have to remember that that also big sports production infrastructure and our 27 local stations, which obviously requires a lot of employees as well. But you know, as Chris mentioned before, we're a very important organization.

Is there a second question about TV media?

Just answer it.

Oh, I'm sorry. Operator, next question please.

The next question goes to Stephen Carhall of Wells Fargo. Stephen, please go ahead.

Thank you. So another one on streaming, the S-Core indicated that one of the parties might have been interested in a combination or even licensing Paramount Plus. And you know, you've done bundles, we've seen a lot of bundles in the industry. I don't think we've actually seen any app integration or streaming integration deals. So I'm wondering how you think about that. You know, one of your peers also has a streaming product that has a lot of sports, has a good film library, seems like very strong customer overlap. So how do you think about the opportunities in streaming to go beyond just, you know, deeper from a consumer perspective? And then Naveen, just an accounting question. What's the method for allocating content costs like sports and series between DTC and TV media when they air on both, you know, you're growing revenue and subscribers so strongly at Paramount Plus and you've given the domestic profitability guidance. So just wondering if there's a way for us to think about how content expense grows there since it's shared between the two segments. Thank you.

Hey, Steve, it's Chris. I'll take the first part of that question and then I'll pass to Naveen. You know, as we talked about, we are seeing real momentum at Paramount Plus and across Pluto. We've got great growth, second quarter profitability and on track in 25. So we feel really good about the position and frankly our ability to remain as a standalone. Now you talk about bundles and, you know, we've got some great partnerships and some great bundles in the way of Walmart and with Delta Airlines. Now these are ones that are very specific that add incremental value to us. They bring new consumers and really enhance the value proposition from a total business perspective for us. Now that being said, you can always count on us to be strategically looking through the lens of creating value. Now part of that exercise is really to be opportunistic about both looking at things from a market to market perspective and from a broader partnership perspective. And in doing that, we ask ourselves, you know, is this the right market or is there something better that we can get and something more value? And you can count on us to continue to do that. But as of today, there's no change. We feel great about where we are and we feel really strong about the position moving forward. Naveen?

Thanks, Chris. Steve, the question regarding how we allocate the cost of content that is shared between our streaming business and our traditional linear businesses, I think there's a couple of important concepts to understand. Number one, it does differ somewhat based on the type of content, but it's all based on the principle that the allocations of that cost should reflect the relative value of the content windows that each of the platforms has rights to. So what that means is that effectively as more of the viewership moves to streaming, you will see more of the cost being allocated to streaming and moving away from linear. And that's certainly been reflected in the way that we do that allocation for sports, for movies, you know, library and the like.

Thanks, Steve. Operator, next question.

The next question goes to Michael Morris of Guggenheim. Michael, please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning and thanks for all the answers. I wanted to ask first about the DTC trends and specifically you said you were pleased with the response so far from charter customers. I'm hoping you can share a little bit more detail on whether the third quarter results reflected the full impact from that charter partnership at both TV and at DTC and anything you can share about customer activation and any churn from charter subs who are already Paramount Plus subs. Those types of things, I'd love to hear any additional detail you can share. And then secondly, it was a very strong EBIT.quarter, you know, growing 20% year over year. It kind of begs the question whether we should expect any incremental cost in 4Q to maybe offset the strength that you had in the third quarter, whether this outperformance kind of flows through to the full year. Thank you guys.

Yeah, hey Mike, it's Naveen. I'll take both of those starting with the question on third quarter sub growth and specifically the impact of charter. So just zooming out a little bit, you know, the three and a half million subs that we added in the quarter, I'd note that there's contribution from both international and domestic as I noted in prepared remarks international, did have a new hard bundle that we signed so that was an important contributor. And on the domestic side, we did see some sub growth coming out of the charter bundle. So I would note that it's still relatively early in terms of time since the launch of that bundle and I expect the contribution will continue to grow over time. That being said, when we look at the first few months, if you will, we're actually quite pleased with the results both in terms of the take-up from charter subs and the impact on direct sub acquisition. So we continue to like the trends there. Then moving to your second question on fourth quarter and how that is impacted by some of the overperformance in the third quarter. Let me give you sort of a big picture answer on that too. If you think about the third quarter, the overperformance was really driven by the D to C segment which came in better than we expected. As I mentioned earlier, that's multi-dimensional but in particular, we saw some real strength in marketing efficiency that we were able to realize in the quarter. I would say that the restructuring work had a relatively modest impact in Q3 just given the timing of when those actions were taken, more of that benefit is going to be realized in Q4. So then if you think about Q4 specifically, there are some moving pieces that are probably worth calling out. First, some of the tailwinds, we will see more of that restructuring benefit that I mentioned. There will also be, as you would anticipate, some real strength in political advertising that will benefit Q4 and Q4 tends to be relative to the first three quarters of the year, the strongest quarter for advertising generally. And so I think that will benefit us relative to Q3. There are a couple of headwinds to keep in mind. We will have higher content expenses in Q4 than we did in Q3 just given the timing of sports and some of the streaming originals. And as I mentioned, we do not expect to have any incremental true ups for past period under reporting on those third-party advertising partnerships. And then there is some shift of marketing expense from Q3 into Q4. But when you put all of that together, I think the key takeaways for you should be that number one, the vast majority of the overperformance that we saw in Q3, I do expect to flow through to the full year. And number two, I think we are really well set up for 2025, particularly given the progress in D2C and the significant improvements that we have made in profitability for that part of the business.

Thanks Mike.

Operator, we will take one last question please.

Thank you. The last question goes to Michael Ng of Goldman Sachs. Michael, please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Thank you for squeezing me in. I wanted to just follow up on the last question around D2C efficiencies. You know, Navin, you talked about the marketing efficiencies. I was wondering if you could just expand on that a little bit in D2C because obviously D2C Outback was an area of positive surprise. And then relatedly, I was wondering if any of the programming charges taken earlier in the year had any potential benefit to cost amortization for D2C in the quarter as well. Thank you.

Yeah, sure. Hi Mike. I will take both of those. The D2C improvement that we saw, as I mentioned, did benefit from marketing efficiency. But there is kind of a bigger story behind that which relates to the composition of our subscriber base. We have talked about for some time now the importance of having a diverse subscriber base that spans multiple channels, the direct channel, partner-based distribution on platforms like Amazon, Roku, Apple, hard bundles both domestically and internationally, commercial bundles like what we have with Walmart Plus. And when you have that sort of -to-market approach, there are some real benefits with respect to acquisition costs in churn. And I think we are starting to see those fall into the P&L of the business. Which is why I called out the marketing efficiencies. That is enabled by the fact that we have these channels where we are able to acquire and keep subscribers very, very efficiently. And that is really flowing through to the bottom line. And then with respect to your second question regarding programming charges, yes, that does obviously have some amort benefit in future periods. But I think we are really focused on driving the top line growth, continued sub-growth, ARPU growth, and capturing these improvements in marketing and churn reduction as a way of continuing to drive the business toward profitability.

Thanks Naveen. This is Brian. And on behalf of my fellow co-CEOs, we would like to thank you all for joining the call today. We had another very strong quarter with continued strength in streaming, improving momentum in advertising, and meaningful progress in making the business more efficient, all of which sets us up well for the future. All at the same time while we have been doing what we do best which is making some of the biggest and broadest hit TV series and blockbuster films, thanks to our tremendously talented teams and creative partners. We look forward to updating you all on our progress again soon. Thank you and have a great day.

Thank you. This now concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.