Quantum Computing Inc.

Ladies and gentlemen, greetings, and welcome to the Quantum Computing Inc. fourth quarter 2025 shareholder update call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Please note, this conference is being recorded. Following management's remarks, the call line will be opened for questions. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Raz Krishnan. with IMS Investor Relations.

Thank you, and I want to welcome everyone to the Quantum Computing Inc. Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Shareholder Update Call. Before we begin, I'd like to remind everyone that this conference call may contain forward-looking statements based on our current expectations and projections regarding future events, and are subject to change based on various important factors. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this call. For more details on factors that could affect these expectations, please see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. On the call today, we have Dr. Yuping Huang, CEO and Chairman, and Chris Roberts, CFO. The team will provide an update on the business, followed by a question and answer session. With that, I would like to turn the call over to management. Please go ahead, Yuping.

Good afternoon and thank you for joining us for Quantum Computing Inc's fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings call. 2025 was a transformational year for QCI. We made meaningful progress advancing our strategy to build a vertically integrated photonics and quantum optics platform capable of supporting scalable commercial applications across AI high-performance computing, cybersecurity, and remote sensing. Over the course of the year, we achieved several key milestones. We completed and opened our thin-field lithonibate photonic chip fabrication facility, marking an important step towards domestic, scalable production of high-performance, specialized for tonic integrated circuits. We continue to expand our foundry services business, which has now begun to generate early revenue and a customer engagement. And we are in planning phase for our second fabrication facility, which is what we call Fab 2. We strengthened our leadership team and board, adding experienced directors and executives with deep expertise in scaling advanced technology companies and driving both organic and inorganic growth. I was appointed CEO effective January 1, 2026, after serving as insurance CEO since May 2025. And we welcomed Chris Roberts as our new chief financial officer and Eric Schratz as a new independent board member. Each brings deep expertise and executional focus as we scale the business. And importantly, we recently completed the acquisition of Lumina Semiconductor Inc., or LSI. which enhances our design, fabrication, and packaging capabilities and accelerates our path to scalable manufacturing. AOSI also contributes an established customer base and steady revenue to the combined organization. Those accomplishments reflect the steady execution of our long-term strategy and the position as well as demand for energy efficient room temperature for tonic and quantum solutions continue to grow. Turning into the fourth quarter. Revenue in the quarter reflects early contributions from our foundry service business and increasing customer engagement across our product portfolio. As many of you know, QCY operates FAB1 as a rapid prototyping facility dedicated to thin-film lithonibate photonic integrated circuits in support of our quantum machine development roadmap. This facility is not intended to serve as a large-scale commercial production foundry. But it does generate revenue by providing funding services to our customers, but mainly functions as an internal innovation engine that feeds validated designs and process knowledge into downstream manufacturing partners as technologies mature. Fab1 enables rapid design, fabrication, test, iteration cycles for advanced photonic devices centered to Q-size quantum architectures. It allows us to explore novel thin-field lithium-ionate-based components, validate system-level concept, and de-risk emergent designs ahead of volume manufacturing. Fab2 is intended to provide a domestic vertically integrated processing capability to support QCI's internal technology roadmap, particularly the development and scaling of our photonic quantum machines and quantum-enabled systems. It will focus on producing specialized quantum and nanophotonic chips and will complement, not compete with, the broader silicon photonic ecosystem. We expect to engage external foundries as partners as technologies scale. By combining internal vertical integration with external foundry partnerships, QCI aims to strengthen supply chain resilience, accelerate innovation, and support the responsible scaling of advanced photonic and quantum technologies. In December 2025, we announced the acquisition of ALSI, which closed in February 2026. This subsidiary brings an existing customer base and additional semiconductor capabilities that expands our addressable market and strengthen our ability to deliver integrated photonic solutions at scale. Integration efforts. are underway and we are focused on aligning teams, processes, and the customer programs to accelerate growth in 2026 and beyond. From a product perspective, We continued advancing our quantum authentication and networking technologies, as well as our direct platform and remote sensing initiatives, which remain areas of strong interest across government and commercial customers. In the fourth quarter, we also unveiled our photonic-based reservoir computing system. NeuronWave to super compute 2025. NeuronWave represents a significant milestone as it is designed to integrate with existing computing infrastructure and address emerging AI workloads with improved energy efficiency. We also announced a strategic collaboration with PoE technologies to develop next-generation high-speed thin-thin lithium-ionate modulator-based optical engines designed to support AI network infrastructure. Importantly, we continue to expand our global reach through continued industrial engagement. We recently participated in many conferences which just in the fourth quarter included Optical Quantum Industry Summit, Super Compute, and Q2B Silicon Valley. Finally, during the year, we formalized and communicated a focused multi-year technology roadmap, which is available on our website. This roadmap is centered on scalable room temperature for tonic and quantum products, systems, and solutions. Our vision is to bring quantum technology into real-world applications. That means putting the power of quantum technology into the hands of people by moving it out of the laboratory and into enterprise, government, commercial, and consumer environments through chip-integrated low-power deployable systems. At the core of our roadmap are three capabilities that define our platform, capture, compute, Communicate. Capture information through quantum sensing and photonic data acquisition. Compute through photonic and quantum processing systems, including our direct platform and photonic AI capabilities. Communicate through quantum secured networking authentication and encryption technologies. This framework aligns our product development manufacturing strategy and go-to-market efforts around delivering practical, scalable, quantum-enabled products and systems. Importantly, this roadmap represents our transition from a development stage company to a commercial manufacturing-driven platform business. We are evolving from a technology innovator into a company capable of delivering repeatable high-performance photonic and quantum hardware at an industrial scale. Our differentiation remains clear. Unlike cryogenic quantum systems, Our platform is built on thin-film lithonibate photonics, enabling room temperature operation, lower power consumption, smaller form factors, and a lower total cost of ownership, which we believe are critical for broad adoption. As we progress our chip manufacturing capabilities over time, we expect to support global deployment of chip integrated quantum systems across high performance computing, telecom defense space, and enterprise markets. Our roadmap is designed to move QCI from innovation to industrial-scale production, positioning us to deliver practical quantum technologies that are accessible, scalable, and commercially viable. Overall, we accelerated 2025 with a strong balance sheet supported by significant capital raised during the year. a growing commercial foundation through foundry services and product development, a expanded technology platform following the integration of ALSI, and a clear path toward scaling revenue through a combination of semiconductor services and quantum-enabled products. Like many companies across the broader technology AI and quantum sectors, we have experienced recent volatility in our share price, which we believe reflects broader market conditions rather than any change in our underlying business performance or long-term outlook. Our focus remains squarely on executing our strategy advancing our technology roadmap, and building a sustainable commercial business. We believe the long-term fundamentals for photonics, quantum technology, and AI infrastructure remains strong, and we are well positioned within these trends. With that, I will now turn the call over to our Chief Financial Officer, Chris Roberts.

Thank you, Yupeng. Revenue for the fourth quarter totaled approximately $198,000 compared to $62,000 in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year increase was driven primarily by hardware sales and services associated with our FAB1 facility, which began contributing revenue during the fourth quarter. As we previously mentioned, We completed the acquisition of Luminar Semiconductor Inc. in February 2026. We expect this business to begin contributing revenue in the first quarter of 2026. Operating expenses for the fourth quarter totaled $22.1 million compared to $8.9 million in the same quarter last year. The increase in operating expenses is the result of substantial growth in personnel for research and development, engineering, manufacturing, and sales and marketing as we can position the company for long-term growth. M&A expenses in the fourth quarter also contributed to the higher expenses. We are scaling our organization across the board to support this expansion, including all functional areas of the company. As a result, SG&A is expected to grow in the near term as we invest in the resources and personnel necessary to advance our technology and execution capabilities. The company reported a net loss of $1.6 million for the fourth quarter, or one cent loss per share, compared to a net loss of $51.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. The decrease in net loss this quarter was primarily due to a gain of $7 million from the mark-to-market of a derivative liability, plus interest income of $13.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the company reported a net loss of $18.7 million, or 11 cents per share, compared to a loss of $68.5 million, or 73 cents per share, in the year ended December 31, 2024. As Yuping mentioned earlier, We continued to strengthen our balance sheet during the fourth quarter. In October, we announced that QCI entered into securities purchase agreements with a group of institutional investors for the purchase and sale of 37 million shares of common stock in a private placement, resulting in gross proceeds of $750 million before deducting offering expenses. That brings the total of capital raised in 2025 to $1.55 billion. As a result, we ended the year with cash and cash equivalents of $738 million and investments of $783 million on our balance sheet, roughly $1.52 billion in total. Our interest income for the 2025 year was $20.7 million, a substantial increase from $423,000 in 2024. As of December 31st, 2025, total assets stood at $1.6 billion, up from $154 million at year-end 2024. Stockholders' equity rose to $1.6 billion at 2025 year-end, reflecting our strengthened financial position. Now, I'll turn the meeting back over to Yupeng.

Thank you, Chris. As we look ahead to 2026, our priorities are clear. Scaling our foundry services business and increasing customer engagements, advancing our product portfolio toward a broader commercialization, successfully integrating LSI and capturing synergies across our platform. and continue to execute with discipline while preserving capital. We are building a differentiated technology platform based on room temperature, low-power photonic and quantum solutions. And we believe QCI is uniquely positioned to address growing demand for energy efficient computing, secure communications, and advanced sensing technologies. We appreciate the continued support of our shareholders, customers, and partners, and we look forward to updating you on our progress through 2026. Thank you. With that, we will now open the call for questions. Operator, please go ahead.

Thank you. At this time, we will be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Once again, please press star 1 if you have a question or comment. The first question comes from John McPeak with Rosenblatt Securities. Please proceed.

Thank you. Thank you, Yuping and Chris. Congrats on closing the LSI acquisition.

Thank you.

Okay. I just wanted to make sure you guys could hear me for a second up there. Great. So you have a step function revenue change happening here. Could you just remind us of the LSI revenues, how we should think about that going forward, and also their expenses a little bit as we try to take a stab at updating our models here? First question.

Would you take this question?

Sure, I'd be happy to. John, I've seen a couple of analyst reports. Let me back up. As you know, we are not in the habit of giving revenue guidance, so I want to make it clear that we're not doing that now. However, I understand the question, and there have been several analyst reports that have indicated or projected that revenue would be in the $20 to $25 million per year range. range. And I think that's a reasonable estimate right now. Okay. And in terms of the terms of costs, we have some work to do with LSI. This is a company we acquired out of the luminar technology bankruptcy. And they had a different shared services model. So we're reconstructing some things. Yeah, probably not going to be profitable at this scale, but we're working on realigning and integrating the businesses. So we really don't want to be too specific at this point because we're trying to grow both the core LevelSI business and the QCI business and develop synergistic products. So there's a lot of spending that's going on around there. I think it's safe to say that we'll be investing a fair amount of money in growing the business. We're not going to be trying to squeeze every nickel out of profitability in the near term.

Okay, that's fair enough. I just have a follow-up on Tiflin number two. You got some fabs with LSI. Um, could you give us a sense of, do you think you're going to be able to co-locate with one of those fabs? And when should we think about, uh, the expenses, um, you know, the CapEx, et cetera, kicking in for Tiflin too. And maybe, I don't know if you can gauge what that might be like typically of the size you're thinking about. And that's, that's all I got.

That's a really good question, John. Um, In terms of co-locating, let me take this in steps. The current facility we have for Fab 1 is about 9,600 square feet, and it's not possible to put Fab 2 in the same area. The space isn't there. It's not really set up that way. So what we're looking for is a larger facility facility Whether we end up doing a build to suit or acquire an existing facility and modify it, we're exploring multiple options. We're not likely to incur large costs this year because we have a lot of design and evaluation work to do. So the larger cost would be two and three years out. The cost... Really hard to estimate at this point. Obviously, it's going to be several hundred million dollars to build any kind of sizable fab. But it's too early right now to be able to give you a hard number. We're still in the design and development phase. We've engaged some experienced design firms and just beginning the process. So I don't have a hard number for you at this point. But nothing substantial is likely to happen in terms of CapEx outlays. Okay.

Well, that's helpful, I think, for us. Thank you. I'll pass it along.

Sure. The next question comes from Max Michaelis with Lake Street. Please proceed.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. I just want to go back to the Luminar acquisition that was made. You mentioned 20 to 25 million in revenue. Can you help us out in terms of that 2026 revenue versus 2025? Is it at least growing or how should we think about that?

We are expecting some growth. It's a little early at this point to say how much, but we can say that the initial customer reaction to the acquisition has been positive. QCI acquiring Luminar brings stability and substantial financial resources to the business, which their existing customer base greatly appreciated. We have been working closely with the Luminar sales team to reassure their customers and drive some additional business. So we're hoping to at least stabilize and hopefully grow the business this year.

okay yeah i uh max i if i may i wanted to add that uh in fact so right now we're about uh four weeks into the acquisition so we have already seen very good momentum okay that's good to hear um and it doesn't sound like nothing really to do on feb 2 in 2026 um

But if we look out this year, I mean, what are the critical or the crucial milestones you guys are looking to hit? If you can help share, sort of maybe from an internal perspective on you guys.

Yep. So the first one is to successfully integrate Lumina Semi. I think we have made pretty good progress so far. So I'm actually very pleased with where we are now. As you know, Max, we are a quantum company, but all of our products and technology are based on optics and photonics. What's nice is that our team members across the U.S. already speak the same language, and the synergy is already high. In fact, in some areas, the synergies are higher than what I initially expected. Several cross-site collaborations are already underway, and the combined larger team is pursuing large-scale opportunities that would have not been possible without us joining the forces. So, for 2026, Number one task is that we successfully integrate the team now that with our headcount doubled and with our product portfolio largely expanded. The second is that we will continue to push our quantum product portfolio. As I said, I would call We're really focused on transitioning from a technology innovator to a company capable of scalable manufacturing of quantum products based on photonics and our integrated circuits. And as we outlined in our roadmap that we have published online, We do have plan to roll out several products across computing, sensing, AI, and our chips. And the third would be that so we hope to continue to grow our team so that we can move up to the system level engineering for quantum. devices. We are very happy to have now lots of engineers and manufacturing technicians join us from the Lumina SEMI acquisition. The next step is that now we have the expertise in many aspects now in the same room. So how fast we can move to the manufacturing of quantum products above the subsystem level, above the component level.

Okay, thank you. Thank you.

The next question comes from Anton Legault with Wedbush Securities. Please proceed.

Thank you for the question. You mentioned the various potential addressable markets across. You mentioned quantum computing, sensing, AI, and thin film. Where do you see the largest and the most immediately addressable markets or use cases? In which market or sub-market are you most excited about this year?

For this year, I think the same thing with lithium nitrate is an area that I feel particularly excited. As you may recall, we constructed our fab last year and then we commissioned all the tools last fall and since then we have made prototype chips. And we have also utilized our resources to develop and refine recipes and the fabrication processes. And now we are really in the phase of locking down the processes and we are ready to ramp up the manufacturing so all of our current products now are designed to utilize this integrated photonic chip technology which will make our product smaller powerful ready to be produced at the scale. So I'm very excited to see what could happen with the lithium-nitrate production line. In the meanwhile, so now we are ramping up our quantum communications development and commercialization following the sale of a system to a top five U.S. bank last year. I believe that quantum communications, because this technology really address a network security issue that concerns almost everybody. if we can lower the entry point for this quantum technology. So it could be one of the very first quantum technology that can be adopted by large population.

Thank you. That's very helpful. Last one for me, if I may. You know, I know you recently completed the acquisition of LSI for just over $100 million. You clearly still have a lot of cash in the balance sheet and you have the ability to pursue strategic M&A. Are there any particular areas of interest or focus on the M&A front as you look ahead to 2026? Thank you.

Yeah, we have been following a very disciplined approach to M&A. So, Our strategy has been that the acquisition should accelerate our roadmap as we published our website and while being able to help build our customer base. So the Lumina Semi acquisition has been a move along this direction because it really helped fill some technology gaps that we had. I think the next move is to accelerate our roadmap on the scalable manufacturing. So we hope to quickly establish mass production capabilities for some of our quantum machines.

Okay.

The next question comes from Ed Wu with Ascendant. Please proceed.

Yeah, congratulations on the Luminar acquisition. My question is, is that going to make you guys much more exposed to international business?

Let me take this one. At the present time, the bulk of the customer base is domestic. There's a lot of US government contracts and business in the aerospace and defense field. But I think your larger point is that photonics technology has a global market. We will look at opportunities overseas. We do source supplies and parts from overseas. But in terms of pursuing a large overseas market, that will come in time. But in the near term, I would anticipate that the bulk of our revenue is going to be from domestic sources, certainly for the next few quarters.

Great. Well, thanks for answering my questions, and I wish you guys good luck. Thank you.

Thank you, Ed. Appreciate your support.

Okay. The next question is from Troy Jensen with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed.

Hey, gentlemen. Congrats on the grade 25. Just maybe a question for you. My belief, you guys are probably a couple years away from commercializing a photonics-based kind of quantum computer all in. But near-term, there's a lot of other cool applications and, you know, sensing. Can you talk to us a little bit about what you're doing there? Is this an area that can inflect quicker? And maybe, you know, do you guys have exposure to security applications too with quantum? Thank you. Thank you, Troy.

Yeah, I believe that general purpose quantum computing is still some time further down the road and this applies to all the approaches in terms of the practical utilities. On the other hand, I believe that there are some applications where specialized quantum computers can find significant utilities without having to construct gate-based large-scale quantum computers. And so this is actually an area that we have been working on in our direct series quantum optimization machine where we have seen that in many use cases already establish appreciable quanta advantages there. In terms of the remote sensing at QCI, so we mainly commercialize our proprietary technology in single photon detection added by the noise rejection by what we have developed over the past 10 years using optics and our way of using time-gated photon detection to reduce the background noise. So far, we have commercialized a photonic vibrometer which can measure very small amplitude vibration remotely. And in the meanwhile, so we have work with NASA as we announced in the past to explore some quantum sensing technology suitable for space deployment and in some cases for earth science applications. We are continuing such research and development and now with the addition of Lumina 17, we are looking at other optical sensing and quantum sensing opportunities by utilizing their laser technology, their detector technology, and their very strong optical packaging capabilities. This is what we are working now on the sensing side.

Gotcha.

All right, guys. Good luck this year. Thank you, Troy. Thank you.

I would now like to turn the floor back to management for any closing remarks.

Thank you. Thank you, everyone, for joining and participating in today's call. I encourage you to follow us on our social media channels. where we regularly post updates and insights into our business and technology. Should you have any questions, please reach out to the investor relations team. Have a good rest of your day. Thank you.

This concludes today's conference, and you may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.