Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Good day and welcome to Rhythm Pharmaceutical's fourth quarter and fiscal year 2024 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there'll be a question and answer session. Instructions will be given at that time. As a reminder, this call may be recorded. I would like to turn the call over to David Connolly, IR and Corporate Communications. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Michelle. I'm Dave Connolly here at Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. For those of you participating on the conference call, our slides can be accessed and controlled by going to the investor section of our website, ir.rhythmtx.com. This morning, we issued our press release that provides a full quarter of 2024 and full year 2024 financial results and a business update, and that press release is available on our website. Our agenda is listed on slide two. On the call today are David Meagher, our chairman, chief executive officer and president, Jennifer Lee, executive vice president, head of North America, Hunter Smith, chief financial officer, and Jan Mazzebro, executive vice president, head of international is on the line joining us from Europe. On slide 3, I'll remind you that this call contains remarks concerning future expectations, plans, and prospects, which constitute forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements. as a result of various important factors, including those discussed in our most recent annual or quarterly reports on file with the SEC. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent our views of today and should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent dates. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update such statements. With that, I'll turn the call over to David Meeker, who will begin on slide five.

Thank you, Dave. Good morning, everybody. Thank you for joining. So we pre-announced strong fourth quarter earnings in advance of the JPM conference. We are entering 2025 well capitalized, having recently raised $75 million in gross proceeds from our ATM program, which extends our cash run right into 2027 through multiple inflection points. And we have completed enrollment in our phase two daily oral Bivomalagon study. We feel incredibly positive about how the opportunity in genetically driven impairments to the MC4R pathway signaling is evolving. As we have highlighted many times, ultra-rare disease opportunities like BBS, where there is a significant unmet medical need, a high percentage of undiagnosed patients, and where the availability of a precision therapy can accelerate the number of patients getting to a diagnosis, these opportunities will continue to grow at a steady pace for a decade or longer. The U.S. opportunity is taking shape, and we will continue to expand internationally. We could build a business around the BBS opportunity alone. We are excited about the progress we are making with our next-generation compounds, Bivomelagon, a once-daily oral pill, and the weekly sub-Q injection, RM718. Now, our goal with the next-generation opportunity is not just to extend patent life, but to actually make a better drug. Both products have robust activity in preclinical models and have no cardiovascular activity in the appropriate models. Both are MC1R-sparing, so no hyperpigmentation, and significantly more convenient. Whether there is an opportunity to improve on efficacy remains to be seen. The Bivomelagon Phase II study is fully enrolled this quarter and will read out in the third quarter, and the 718 program is beginning to enroll this quarter. Slide 7 is the now familiar design slide for a Phase III trial of set melanotide and acquired HO, and we continue to receive the majority of our questions here. What is the timing of the readout? What is the expected percent change in BMI? We have guided to the trial reading out in the first half, and we can now be more specific that it will be a second quarter readout. Our updates remain consistent with what we have said. Our dropout rate remains below 10%, which I think is an incredibly strong metric. Patients are rolling over into the open label extension. They do remain blinded to their original assignment. And only one patient has not rolled over because that patient wanted to start a family. With regard to the percent change in BMI, it is a blinded phase three clinical trial. We have, however, reminded people that the current fervor around percent change comes out of the many trials being run in a general obesity space with some version of a GLP-1. These trials have similar designs, so comparisons can be made across trials, although this is always imperfect. When we look at set melanotide in HO, it is an apples and oranges comparison. The biology is fundamentally different. We are replacing a deficit in the hormone alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The GLP-1 approach is to provide pharmacologic doses on top of intact physiology. Our trial enrolls 4-year-old patients and 60-year-old patients, and we measure the same endpoint, the percent change in BMI at 52 weeks. In our Phase II trial, the youngest patient, age 6, lost approximately 35% of their BMI at 16 weeks, whereas the oldest patient, 24 years old, lost 14%. Now, the 24-year-old patient actually lost more weight, but on a percent basis, it was a smaller change. So these are variables which will impact the final number. That said, all of our data to date, the Phase II study, which was predominantly pediatric patients, and the French pre-approval early access data, which was all adults, suggest we will do well on the primary. The secondaries will break out the pediatric and adult patients, so the full story can be clearly understood. The Japanese cohort of 12 patients, for which we recently completed enrollment, will read out independently from the pivotal cohort, so there is no impact on timing of top-line data and subsequent regulatory filings in the United States and Europe. We expect the Japanese cohort will read out in the first half of 6. If successful, these data will enable us to seek marketing authorization in Japan, where there is a higher prevalence of certain brain tumors and hypothalamic obesity than in the U.S. or Europe. A reminder on slide 8 that the opportunity in the HO is significant, and we continue to learn more. We affirm our original estimates, which we believe were appropriately conservative. The populations reflected on the slides with 5,000 to 10,000 patients in the U.S. and a similar range in Europe and 5,000 to 8,000 patients in Japan represent a pool of patients who may be largely diagnosed and concentrated in the endocrinology specialty call point. There's an additional pool of patients with injury to the hypothalamus where the diagnosis is not so clear, and they are likely to remain undiagnosed. We look forward to expanding our understanding of this patient population. Now, the path to building the future of rhythm is clear. We have opportunities to further explore genetically driven impairments in the MC4R pathway. The M&A trial is enrolled and will read out in the first half of 2026. There are genes coming out of the Daybreak trial, which with a little more work can also be targeted. Prader-Willi syndrome is a challenging disease, but there's a sound biologic rationale as to why an MC4R agonist can work in that disease. This quarter, we have initiated, as you know, a new 26-week open-label Phase II trial to evaluate set melanotid and Prader-Willi syndrome. We plan to enroll up to 20 patients, 6 to 65 years old, in the signal-finding study. and patients will be dose escalated to five milligrams a day, which is significantly higher than the dose we used in the first attempt at Prader-Willi, and they'll be dose escalated to that five milligrams as tolerated. So we are conducting this trial at a single US site under an investigator with deep experience in Prader-Willi syndrome, and we look forward to updating you on that progress. The other pillar which is emerging as an incredibly exciting opportunity is that related to injury to the hypothalamus or failure of the hypothalamus to develop. We have focused on tumors and their associated treatment, which may lead to injury, but there are clearly many more ways the hypothalamus may be injured, leaving the patient with acquired HO. We look forward to learning more about set melanocytes activity in patients with developmental abnormalities related to congenital syndromes involving this area of the brain, and we are on track to enroll the first patients with congenital HO in an independent 39-patient, 34-week sub-study in the first quarter of 2025. Finally, we anticipate doing much, if not all, of the supplemental indication expansion work with one or both for our next generation compounds with patent lines which extend past 2040. We have completed enrollment in the Phase II Bivomaligon trial and acquired HO this quarter, and we anticipate the data readout to be in the second half of 2025. Also, we will begin enrolling patients with acquired HO in Part C of the Phase I trial of RM718 this quarter, and are aiming for a data readout before the end of the year. So in summary, 2024 was a year of execution, and 2025 is a year of readouts, which could prove to be transformative for Rhythm, in addition to some critical trial initiations. I will now turn the call over to Jennifer.

Thank you, David. So 2024 was a solid year for MCV sales in the U.S., with consistent growth throughout the year. Over the years, we have fine-tuned our process to find patients, get them to an accurate diagnosis, and ensure access to therapy. Once on therapy, we work with patients and their healthcare providers to support maintenance on therapy. More than two years in from launch, the system we have put in place is working and will also help future potential launches. New prescriptions received in the fourth quarter were consistent quarter over quarter. We are seeing continued success in approvals and reauthorizations, and our tailored support to patients and families are enabling patients to receive the long-term benefits of maintaining on therapy. Within the fourth quarter, the increase in the number of patients on reimbursed therapy was attributable to a number of incrementally positive trends that, when combined, added up to a strong growth. For example, in addition to the steady level of approvals for reimbursement from Scripps received, we saw fewer discontinuations for patients who are on reimbursed therapy, several switches from our free drug program to reimbursed therapy, and some later stage appeal wins during the quarter. While none of the quarterly metrics in each of these categories would stand out as a significant change on their own, when taken together, it resulted in a strong quarter. Turning to slide 12. In December, the FDA approved a label expansion for MCFRI to include children as young as two years of age with obesity due to BBS or POMC PCFK1 or leopard deficiency. This approval sends a strong message that helps us differentiate the root cause and impact of these rare MC4 pathway diseases. With this insatiable hunger, most patients develop early onset obesity before the age of five. Obesity in childhood, if left untreated, may lead to severe and long-term health complications. Intervention at a young age can be critical, as treating obesity early can lead to better health outcomes. We are excited about what this label expansion means for patients like Ben and their families. Ben was diagnosed with biallelic leopard deficiency when he was two years old, and up until then, he was seen by approximately 20 different doctors. His mother outlined Ben was constantly crying for food, even when he had a snack in his hand. Even though the doctors did not know it, she knew something was not right. Ben enrolled in our phase three pediatric trial when he was three and a half years old, and his BMI went from 36.8 to 30. Ben, who is now on commercial therapy, and his entire family have more freedom now, that their lives do not revolve around food. This story is one example of emcephaly making a positive impact on a young child and his family. Moving to slide 13, our teams are preparing for a positive outcome in our phase three trial in acquired hepatobiotic obesity and the next potential launch. Market research to gain insights from physicians, payers, and patients and families is ongoing. We're actively engaging with patient advocacy groups, and our teams are executing physician engagement efforts in 2025. We look forward to sharing more details with you as we progress with potential FDA submission and launch. Now, I'll turn the call over to Yann.

Thank you, Jennifer. We are pleased with the growth in the international region for the fourth quarter of 2024 and for the year of 2024. We have achieved access for MCV in more than 15 countries outside the U.S. for patients with POMC-Lipar, BBS, and HOA. through either reimbursed access or named patient cells. Germany, with the BBS launch now well established, and France, with paid early access programs for POMC-LiPAR, BBS, and HO, remain the main drivers for the region. In Germany, our BBS launch is steady and mirrors the consistent growth pattern of the U.S., and we continue to expand the number of centers treating BBS patients. France is also contributing with both the pre-EMA approval paid early access program for HO and the paid early access programs for POMC-DPR and DBS. We continue to receive positive feedback from the physicians treating patients in France under these programs. Specifically, patients with either acquired or congenital hypothalamic obesity are responding well to set melanotide. Also, like in the U.S., the marketing authorization for pediatric patients has led to reimbursement for patients as young as two years old in many countries, including the U.K., Spain, and Italy. Today, we announced a new strategic partnership in Turkey, where there is a significant unmet need. The prevalence rates for rare diseases in general, and POMC, Lipar, and DBS in our case, are greater than the rest of Europe. providing us an incremental growth opportunity. Our partner is Trispera Pharma Solutions, an entity very well known to us. We began working with them as a consultancy a few years back and recently formalized this new partnership. Trispera has deep experience in relationship with rare disease community and MC4R pathway disease experts and centers of excellence in Turkey. Last but not least, in Japan, we are beginning to build out operation in anticipation of success in acquired hypothalamic obesity. With a significant unmet need and a prevalence per capita greater than in the US or in Europe, Japan represents a major opportunity for RISM. Overall, 2024 has served a foundational year in expanding access to M-SERI across the international region, met with enthusiasm among scientific and medical experts, clinicians, and patient advocacy groups, and recognized MCV as a precision medicine for certain rare neuroendocrine diseases.

Thank you, Yann. Before getting into Q4 and the year-end financial results, I want to start with our balance sheet beginning on slide 17. Rhythm ended 2024 with $320.6 million in cash and cash equivalents. We raised gross proceeds of $75 million through the sale of approximately 1.3 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $56.30 under our at-the-market or ATM equity offering program during the fourth quarter of 2024 and continuing into January of 2025. The $320.6 million of cash on hand includes about $40 million of gross proceeds raised in Q4, but not the additional gross proceeds of $35 million raised in January. We expect this level of cash to be sufficient to fund planned operations into 2027. We'll pass several meaningful milestones and data readouts, including the pivotal Phase 3 data readout in acquired hypothalamic obesity, as well as the data readouts for both the Phase 2 trial of Bivomelagon in HO and the Phase 1 Part C study of RM718 in HO. We also anticipate data from the single site Prader-Willi trial, as well as data from the Phase 3 Emanate trial within this timeframe. Let's now review the snapshot of the Q4 and full year P&L on slide 18. We pre-announced preliminary unaudited revenue from global sales of MCIVRI in January, reporting that net revenue from global sales of MCIVRI came in at $41.8 million in Q4 and $130.1 million for the full year 2024, as compared to $24.2 million and $77.4 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2023. Gross to net in the U.S. remained consistent at about 85% for both the third and fourth quarters of 2024. Cost of sales during the fourth quarter was $3.8 million, or approximately 9% of net product revenue, versus 11.5% of net product revenue in the third quarter of 2024, and 13.4% in the fourth quarter of 2023. COGS, as a percentage of revenues, decreased in part due to capitalized costs associated with higher inventory produced versus products sold in the quarter. The largest component of COGS remains the 5% royalty on MCIVRI, which we paid at Ipsif. R&D expenses were $41.2 million for the fourth quarter, compared to $29.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Sequentially, quarter over quarter, we experienced a 9% increase in R&D expenses due to increased costs associated with the ongoing trials of Vivomelagon and RM718, and the new Phase II set melanotype trial in Prader-Willi, which began this quarter. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to acquisition costs related to Bivomelagon. SG&A expenses were $38.1 million for the fourth quarter of 24 as compared to $32.4 million for the fourth quarter of 23. Sequentially, SG&A expenses increased by almost 8% compared to Q3, primarily driven by increased headcount and marketing costs. For the fourth quarter of 2024, weighted average common shares outstanding were $61.6 million and almost $61 million for the full year of 2024. Cash used in operations was approximately $19 million in Q4 and has averaged approximately $28.5 million in the last four quarters. Fourth quarter operating expenses included total stock-based compensation of $10.6 million for the quarter compared to $11 million in the prior quarter. Reported GAAP EPS for the fourth quarter was a net loss for basic and diluted share of $0.72, and this includes $0.02 per share from accrued dividends on convertible preferred stock of $1.3 million. As a reminder, this ongoing accrual will be $1.3 million per quarter. Some highlights from the quarter and the year are broken out on slide 19. As mentioned, Q4 revenue from global sales of MCIVRI was $41.8 million. U.S. revenue in the fourth quarter was $31.7 million of that, accounting for 76% of revenue during the quarter. For the year, U.S. sales accounted for 74% of revenue. As we detailed in January, the sequential quarter-over-quarter revenue growth of greater than $8 million was evenly split by an increase in the number of U.S. patients on reimbursed therapy, which Jennifer spoke to, and increased inventory stocking during the fourth quarter by our specialty pharmacy. Such inventory moves are not unusual in the fourth quarter of a calendar year. Our U.S. GAAP OpEx. for 2024 totaled $382.3 million, and that included $39.7 million in stock-based compensation, as well as $92.4 million in consideration for the acquisition of the global rights to BIVM Elegon from LG Chem. For the year, non-GAAP OpEx came in at $250.2 million, which is at the low end of our $250 to $270 million guidance range. Consistent with years past, we are not giving revenue guidance, but we are offering guidance on non-GAAP operating expenses. For 2025, we anticipate approximately 285 to 315 million in non-GAAP OPEX comprised of non-GAAP SG&A expenses of 135 to 145 million and non-GAAP R&D expenses of 150 to 170 million. The overall increase in expected non-GAAP OPEX for 2025 is due to anticipated increases in SG&A as we grow our organization in preparation for launching MCIVRI for the treatment of hypothalamic obesity in the United States and subsequently in Europe and Japan. Increased R&D spending is anticipated due to ongoing trials and development of Bivomelagon and RM718 in HO, set melanotide in the new Prader-Willi trial and expansion of our medical affairs programs. We believe this increased level of investment in our business will drive long-term growth in shareholder value. One final point, we will pay $40 million in cash to LG Chem in July 2025. This is the second and final tranche of the license fee for Bivomelagon. This payment is included in our cash-out guidance, but not our 2025 OpEx guidance, as this amount was recognized as R&D expense in 2024. With that, I'll hand the call back over to David. Thank you.

Thanks, Hunter. So hopefully what you've heard is Rhythm's in a really good place. We're established commercially and we're growing. We've got exciting developmental programs, which all potentially open up significant opportunities for us. And we've significantly strengthened our balance sheet, putting us in a really strong position to execute on what's in front of us. So we feel good about where we are. With that, we'll open it up to Q&A.

Thank you. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star 1-1. If your question has been answered and you'd like to remove yourself from the queue, please press star 1-1 again. Our first question comes from Derek Arcilla with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, and congrats on the progress. Just two questions from us. Just first, could you comment on whether you're going to share the SAD-MAD portion of the RM718 study separately, or will that kind of be wrapped into the second half 25 update with Part C? And then just on MCV phase 3 trial and HO, I was wondering if you could just remind us the mix of adult and pediatric patients you expect, and ultimately, will the split be the same in the Japanese cohort? Thanks.

Yeah, so for the SADMAD piece of it, I think it is likely we don't have specific plans to present that as an independent breakout. So you're right, we'll probably do that in concert with the Part C of that trial. But what I will say about that is it's a little bit of no news. For SADMAD opportunities, as long as you're progressing, you can assume that things are going well there. So we feel good about where we are with the data that's coming out so far on 718. For phase three, the HO adult-ped split, we did not, the regulators wanted more adults in the trial, so we were very focused on that, and we got multiple additional adult centers to participate. We're about 50-50, but like I said, we did not tap the number of peds or adults to lock the number to have it be exactly the same. The split's going to be roughly even, 50-50.

Next question.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Seamus Fernandez with Guggenheim Securities. Your line is open.

Oh, thanks so much for the question. So, David, you know, you're emphasizing a lot the market opportunity, NHO being quite firm at the, you know, sort of 5,000 to 10,000 patient range. You know, interested to get a sense of, you know, with success, how you would see uptake in that population just more identifiable than the BBS patient population or perhaps even the genetic population. So interested to just get a better understanding there. And then as we've spoken with some thought leaders in the space, there's a little bit of a discussion around sort of the preexisting obesity set points. as a potential contributor because of the hormone replacement dynamics of treatment with semilanotide. Just interested to know if you feel like that could have an impact on the phase 3 HO trial results in any direction given the mix of patients that you just talked about in the phase 3 study. Thanks.

Sorry, James. I didn't quite understand the second question there. So you're saying that the variations in endocrine replacement impact their outcomes?

More that there was a preexisting set point prior to the injury. Oh. And that, you know, it could sort of limit the magnitude of benefit depending on the timing of that injury.

Yeah. Let me take that question first. I mean, that's a really interesting question. I think the way, you know, again, we're learning, right? When we entered into HO, nothing really worked. Nobody really understood what the underlying biology was. And then, you know, we have this result where essentially every patient who took the drug, small number of patients, took an MC4 agonist, had a response, which suggests that the problem in HO is in fact signaling through this melanocortin-4 pathway. And what I highlighted in my, you know, prepared remarks was, you know, one major difference between the GLP-1s and ourselves is we're replacing a deficit. So in a sense, in theory, restoring normal physiology. And, you know, we have examples of that, which is, you know, our lean mass, particularly in, you know, teenage boys where you'd expect them to be gaining, you know, muscle mass, they did. They gained well. And so I think there's some support for the idea that we're going to restore your normal physiology and then you are who you are. So back to your question of, if you were obese prior to getting your tumor and enveloping your insult, in theory, we could get you back to where you were before, but our drug is not a drug for general obesity. So that underlying deficit or your underlying normal physiology aren't likely to be impacted. So I think that is true. And I think what we've talked about internally and with experts and the like is our hope, and we have some anecdotal evidence of this, is we'd like to get you back to where you were before your injury. I think that's a very reasonable expectation, and that would be a huge restoration of health. So hopefully that answered the question. Yep, that was perfect. Okay, and then on the... uptake side of this. Yeah, we're not guiding. And also, I mean, as Jennifer said, we're early here. We're learning along with all of you, you know, as we do our own research and the like. What we can say is this is fundamentally different than BBS. Meaning, so yes, we expect a different uptake than we saw with BBS. These patients, as we've highlighted, we know concentrated in the endocrinology polyp point. The reason they're concentrated in the endocrinology polyp point is because The vast majority, 80-85% of these patients have pituitary insufficiency, and they need to be managed by an endocrinologist to make sure that that aspect of their health is being appropriately managed. And that's also especially where they recognize this entity. So concentrated, larger number of patients, higher percent diagnosis, all of that will lead to a faster uptake. Now, that said, counterbalancing that, which is always true, This isn't you write a script and you go to your local pharmacy. So it's not going to launch like some drugs do. We'll have prior authorization. We'll still have to go through the reimbursement challenges that we have. We're not changing the price. So it's still going to be priced at a level where payers are going to be looking at it carefully. That said, we've been encouraged by the feedback from payers initially, and so we expect that to go well. But those are balancing factors that are, you know, what causes us to be a little bit different from maybe a more easily accessible specialty opportunity.

Great. Thanks so much.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Phil Nadeau with TD Cowan. Your line is open.

Good morning. Thanks for taking our questions. Two from us as well. Um, diving into the HO pivotal data a bit more deeply in your prepared remarks, you said you expect SIPP Melanotide to do well, uh, on the primary endpoint. I'm sure the question we're going to get from investors is what does management think well is, I guess, in the spectrum of 5% weight loss, which is the regulatory hurdle to 25, 25% BMI reduction, which is what you saw in the, um, the long-term extension kind of where in that, in that spectrum is, is, is quote well. That's the first question. Then second one for Hunter. In terms of Q1 trends, just trying to assemble all the data points you gave us, it sounds like there was $4 million of inventory billed in Q4. Is that likely to be destocked in Q1? And therefore, is a modestly down quarter over quarter possible? Or is that going to be absorbed in the channel and bled out more slowly? Thanks.

So I'll take the second question first. And I would say, yes, we absolutely anticipate the you know, the destocking to occur in this quarter. Got it. Thanks. You know how it is, Phil. I mean, Q1 for all companies like us, especially when you have a single specialty pharmacy, can always be a little wonky.

Yep.

Got it.

Thank you.

Yeah, and Phil, so the question of what does management think our percent change? I mean, the reason, and as I highlighted, we've had this question in a sense endlessly, and it's understandable. And I tried to highlight that I think it's coming to a large extent out of how we've all been conditioned by the GLP-1 world. And, you know, this world's fundamentally different. And I tried to give you some examples as to why, you know, those comparisons are challenging. So that said, what do we know? We know that in a small number of patients in Phase II and in the, you know, this early experience in France, essentially everybody who's taken the drug has responded well. And we know that the average numbers are 20% plus. at one year and for both of those groups. We also know that we have patients who I gave you the example of the 24-year-old who at 16 weeks, right, he lost more subsequently, but at 16 weeks, you know, had lost less on a percent basis than a very light, a much lighter individual who lost a larger percent of his BMI, but, you know, a smaller overall absolute amount. So those are just variables that are really hard to predict. We have a larger number of adults in this trial. Now, I have no fear. And the adults have looked like they respond well. I think that was an incredibly powerful part coming out of each of them. So this long answer to your question is, I mean, what we've said is, you know, 5% is the regulatory hurdle. We'd be incredibly disappointed for less than 10%. I feel incredibly good about, I know this drug works. I have, you know, the ability to project, you know, what percent change. you know, we're likely to see becomes much more difficult beyond that.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Whitney Ijem with Canaccord Genuity. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I just wanted to follow up on Seamus' question around prevalence in HO. And I guess some of the commentary earlier on the call just around the prevalence numbers that have been quoted, I think, largely being based on cranial parengeoma data. So is there any work that, I mean, I know there's work, so can you speak to any of the work ongoing in terms of the prevalence that might come from other etiologies, including the congenital form?

So it's a work in progress. You're hearing increased confidence around those numbers that we put out because this work is supporting the fact that we're at least that good, we believe. You know early things which we can highlight. I will say that or aspects of that initial modeling. We're looking at we Entered with the assumption that cranial fringioma was going to be the majority of cases. That's not necessarily true There's clearly many more tumors which are contributing significantly to this population And so that's coming out of some of this early claims work, which you know, we'll see where that takes the ultimate numbers the other thing was we Did our initial calculation with taking a 20-year period post-injury. We know these patients live longer. So if you have your tumor at age 15, you don't die at 35. You tend to live a much longer life. And then seeing that the adults respond well, also, I think there's you know, that part of the model we may have been conservative on. So those are things we'll continue to look at and we will come out and update these numbers as we get more confidence there. And the last thing I will say, which I again highlighted briefly in prepared marks was, you know, we're measuring what we can see, what the system can see. There's clearly an undiagnosed pool here and, you know, we talked about injury and it's still way, I mean, that's a case report, you know, world today and it's way too early to say, you know, maybe it's not nothing more than a case report, but I am quite confident that if you have a head injury and you suddenly start gaining weight, nobody's thinking you have acquired hypothalamic obesity.

So that's a population that is likely undiagnosed today. Is that helpful? Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Tazeen Ahmad with Bank of America. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. David, I wanted to ask a little bit more detail about, I know what you said about your thoughts about not really, you know, being able to project what results you'll get other than knowing that this is an active drug and that it works over time. But what have doctors told you about what they'd like to see in terms of percent weight loss in order for them to want to be using it right away in HO patients? And then my second is more of a financial one. You completed your ATM, but you do have this HO data set readout coming up very soon. Would you rule out doing a cash raise after that data set reads out, assuming that it's positive? Thanks.

Yeah. Thanks, Justina. I'm sure I can answer that question, of course. But to be honest, we're not asking the doctors that question. very direct question, would you use it if we had a 12% or not use it if it was 12% and you would use it if it was 15% or 18%? What the doctors are telling us is nothing in general works in this. Now, we all know there's case reports out there and small series with GLP-1s and I've quoted what some of the doctors have said that about 20% of HO patients will have some response to a GLP-1 and that response tends to be less than 10%. So, I think where the doctors are, certainly the doctors who are knowledgeable and, you know, actively understand this problem and following them is, if this is approved, labeled and indicated for this indication, and is anything like our experience to date, it will be an amazing difference for these patients today in terms of what they're experiencing. So I just can't give, I have no idea why, you know, projecting a percent outcome in a clinical trial, of course, you know, incredibly difficult, but I really think it's the wrong question, and I think it's not what the majority of doctors who are treating these patients are focused on. They want to know, does it work consistently, and does it work better than what they've had in the past?

And, Tazin, to your second question, and thank you very much for the question. First of all, you know, I'm sure you're hearing, and I want to reiterate that we have very, very high confidence in this data readout that's coming up, and we're at the same time, given the uncertainty of the broader market conditions, as well as the vagaries of market reactions to data, we thought it prudent to extend the runway to a period where we didn't absolutely have to do a raise following the data. And we're now in that position, and we're very happy to be here, and we think it benefits our overall operational flexibility. Our investment program for the coming years is generally associated with Bivomelagon and RM718 and indication expansion. So the need to invest more and the need to raise more will be driven largely by success in those programs, which is exciting. And so we're not in a position today where we would say, no, we're done raising money or anything like that. Having said that, we want to be in a position, which we are in, where we don't have to do a raise following the data readout.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from Joseph Stringer with Needham & Company. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking our question. Just on the phase 3 HO trial, the inclusion criteria has slightly different age groups compared to the open-label Phase II or Phase III, including four- to six-year-olds, and then also patients older than 40. So can you describe what impact the inclusion of each of these groups of patients could have on the Phase III BMI primary endpoint, both in terms of magnitude of effect and overall data variability? Thanks.

Yeah, no, thanks, Joy. None, again, and I say that cautiously, meaning that we had patients down to six. I think the difference between four and six is negligible. I think, you know, the four-year-old will do as well as the six-year-old. The French data was incredibly helpful. These were the eight adult patients we reported out at TOSS. They had, if you remember, they had a mean age of 30. So some were significantly older than 30. And on average, they were 11 years out from their insults. So that provided strong support for this concept that this isn't a problem that only works if you can get it in in the first one to two years post-injury. It really looks like it doesn't matter how far out you are. Once you've injured your hypothalamus, you're living with impaired signaling to the MC4R, you're living with it. And if we can intervene with an MC4 agonist, then we've got a good chance of helping those people. So I don't think either end of the spectrum is going to have any impact on how we're going to do. And one other thing I'm just going to offer up because I know, again, people are appropriately focused on sort of what could the percent change be. And another thing to remember is in that phase two trial, the patient who did least well at 16 weeks, meaning they had about a 4% decrease in their BMI, that was the only patient who took the drug, who did not lose 10% or more, was on track to lose 10% or more by 16 weeks. That patient, when you looked like they were the least good responder, when you looked at their DEXA scan, they had like a 20 plus percent increase in their lean body mass and a 15% decrease in their fat mass. So from a health response standpoint, arguably that was one of our best responders. So again, back to this idea that we're replacing a deficit, restoring more normal physiology, and allowing you to do what you should do. So teenage boys should put on lean muscle mass.

Other groups will behave differently. Does that help, Joey?

Thank you.

Our next question comes from Leland Gershill with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for the update. And we have two questions. First, Dave, just wanted to ask, you know, it's early days, but since the label expansion to younger patients, just wanted to see to what extent expansion into the younger ages is becoming a component of commercial uptake. And then also wanted to ask, as you look to enroll patients with congenital HO, if you could just review with us kind of maybe the similarity and differences in the way those patients are identified. versus your other historical congenital congenital therapies. Thanks.

Yeah, let me take a second person, and then Jennifer can comment on the two- to six-year-old opportunity. So we're learning about the congenital HO opportunity, and again, this was brought to us by doctors who are following large populations here, and what they observed is, you know, patients with this area of the brain not developing appropriately, and there's a variety of different syndromes, quote-unquote, depending on how they present. But it's clear that there is some percentage of these patients who have obesity, and the very early data in France suggests that some of those patients respond to an MC4R agonist. So our challenge, and the literature just is not very helpful here yet, understanding the percent of patients with one of these congenital syndromes who have obesity and then one step further which is that that obesity is related to hypothalamic impairment and I think the challenge here is unlike an injury setting where you have it before and after these of course are congenital they start at birth and they emerge over time their pituitary insufficiencies emerge over time it's not like they're born with a full-blown picture so As obesity might emerge, you can imagine that a doctor looking at that patient wouldn't necessarily connect it to that you have this congenital syndrome and, oh, your obesity is related. In today's world, it's equally likely they just think you have obesity on top. So that's our challenge. I think we're going to learn a lot over the next year. Like I said, there's a lot of enthusiasm around this. As we talk to physicians, again, it's a little bit like HO. Yes, I have these patients. And, you know, yes, I would love to have something to do for them.

Very early, as you said.

The point about the potential opportunity for the pediatric expansion, one, I would say that in Q4, really the indication came quite late in the year, so it didn't have an impact in terms of the outline of the revenue that we released. Moving forward, we are very happy to have this as an option for patients who are two plus years of age. And as I outlined during my story around Ben's background, the impact can be significant for these patients. However, we don't feel like it's going to be a significant market opportunity just in terms of significant increase or impact on revenue. We are more happy to have this as an additional piece of information that really further differentiates our patient population in terms of the need, which is shown by the ability to actually get approval for two-year-olds plus. So that consistency and differentiation of our patient population and obstetrics is what we're really focused on moving forward.

Great. Thank you. Next question.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Dennis Ding with Jefferies. Your line is open.

Good morning. This is Anthea on for Dennis. Thank you for taking our questions. Two from us. On the upcoming phase 3 HO trial, could you talk a little bit about GLP-1 use at baseline and if drop-ins are allowed throughout the trial and how you anticipate that to impact efficacy? And then on the phase 2 Do you see any read-throughs from the semilanotide trial in terms of efficacy as well as enrollment and the adult pediatric fix? Thank you very much.

Sorry, which phase two trial? Oh, for BIVA. Read-through in terms... Say it again. What's the question about the BIVA trial?

Yes. Do you see any read-throughs from the semilanotide trial in terms of efficacy and then also in terms of enrollment and the adult pediatric fix?

Yeah. So that's a 28-patient for-arm, so seven patients for-arm blinded trial. So we have obviously no insight into the efficacy at this point. We didn't restrict it. It's 12 and older, so it's a slightly older population. We're still developing the pediatric formulation for BIVA, which we're making great progress on, and that will be part of our next trial, but we don't have that part of the population. So that's all I can say now about the mix of patients who are at the end and 12 and With regard to GLIPS in the Phase 3 trial, so about 25% of the patients had previously been on a GLIP and or were continuing a GLIP. If they continued a GLIP, they could not have had weight loss of 2% or greater in the prior three months. And so you had to be stable on it. And you cannot add a new weight loss medication during the trial.

And that didn't happen, but that was excluded by protocol.

Got it. Thank you. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ram Savarahu with HC Wainwright and Company. Your line is open.

Thank you very much for taking my questions and congrats on all the progress recently. I just wanted to ask if you could comment a little bit more on the recent impact of the label expansion for MCIVRI and what specific dynamics you're seeing in the U.S. market regarding patient acquisition, patient adherence, and how that compares to the ex-US experience that you've had since that label has been in place for longer outside of the US. And the second question is, if we think about the TRISPERA relationship that you have announced, to what extent is this likely to be a template or a model for future relationships in ex-US territories? Is this likely to inform to a significant extent your future ex-USBD activities, or is it very much kind of individualized to the Turkish context? Thank you.

Yeah. So, Jan, can you comment on your experience, international experience here with 2to6? Jennifer just commented on the U.S. and how you see that impacting the overall opportunity, and then, of course, how we think about distributorships and partnerships.

So, yes, thank you.

So, pediatrics in Europe, so we have now treated patients younger than six in a few countries, in France, in Germany, in the U.K., and Spain, and we'll continue to see more of that. As Jennifer said previously, the impact on revenues will not be significant, but the impact for the patients and for the caregivers and also for the the clinicians is a significant one. So in a nutshell, that's what I can say about the pediatric indication in Europe.

And then maybe you can build on this. So the way we think about distributorship, it is country by country. I mean, our general approach is to go direct where we can and then be practical and smart about where we need to leverage additional help. So maybe, Jan, just a little bit of thinking behind the decision to use that distributor in Turkey and how that might represent or be indicative of our thinking going forward.

Yes, exactly as you say, David. So I think we choose our approach country by country. Of course, in the main European countries, we are direct. For some specific territories where we believe that the expertise in the ground is better with partners, that's what we do. And we have done such with medicine in Israel, with GenPharm in the Middle East, and now with Trispera in Turkey. And I have to say that we have been very happy with these three partnerships.

Great. OK, thank you. Next question.

Thank you. Our next question comes from John Wallaban with Citizens JMP. Your line is open.

Hey, thanks for taking the question. Just wondering, in the phase two, we did see some patients who dose reduced due to AEs, you know, see a regain of BMI, which, you know, gives us confidence in the drug effect, but wondering in the phase three protocol if you're allowing dose reductions for AEs during the 52-week period or if everyone's set after the dose titration period.

Yeah, no, good question. So the protocol is set so everybody dose escalates to three as tolerated. If you can't tolerate it, then you stay a little longer at that dose to hopefully acclimate. Most patients do. Then dose escalate again. And or if you truly are having trouble, you can dose decrease. So it's a dosing paradigm that does allow titration to tolerance. Now, the vast majority of patients get to the desired dose at three. not everybody's you know needed to go to three and i know this has been a question out there i do think the ho world is going to end up somewhere between two and three um bbs weighs a little heavier to the three i think ho will be more firmly in the two to three range but individual patients and we had one in the trial who just couldn't tolerate it um and ended up stopping the drug um yeah we may lose some like that but that's quite uncommon um and again i'll remind you we've only had we've had fewer than 10 dropouts in the trial so far so that's doesn't seem to be an issue in the phase three.

Okay. And one more, if I may. You talked a little bit about the Vivamegalon and 718 being, having less activity at MC1. Wondering, can you talk about the relative activity at MC4 between the next gens and set melanotide? You say, you know, efficacy is kind of TBD if there's going to be a difference there, but can you talk about the specificity at the MC4 receptor between those three candidates?

Yeah, so the 718 and set melanotide in vitro assays, functional looking at potency, are highly similar. The potency as it was assessed for vivamelagon was done in a different assay. It wasn't done head-to-head. We're actually running that now. I don't have those full results now, so I can't comment on that within the same assay comparison. What I can say is the preclinical data, and again, it's on a milligram-per-milligram base. Obviously, an oral drug, you know, you've got bioabsorption and availability and the like, so a lot of factors. So your dosing is much higher on a milligram basis, obviously. But we can get, or they got, in an extensive set of models, similar results using the dose of bibomelagon, as we saw with setmelanotide and with 718. And the doses that are being used in the trial were built off of that understanding. So I think we are likely to be in a therapeutic range. And I'm expecting that we're going to get adequate MC4 agonism across each one of these. All right. Thanks, David. That's helpful.

Thank you. I'm sure no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back over to David Meeker for any closing remarks.

OK. Well, great. Thanks again for tuning in this morning. As you heard, we're excited about where we are. And we look forward to our next calls, which We'll be updating you on some exciting information. Thanks, all.

Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.