Star Bulk Carriers Corp.

Thank you for standing by, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Starbuck Carriers Conference Call on the First Quarter 2024 Financial Results. We have with us Mr. Petros Papas, Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Hamish Norton, President, Mr. Simo Spiro, and Mr. Christos Bugleris, Co-Chief Financial Officers, Mr. Nikos Reskos, Chief Operating Officer, and Mrs. Haris Plankantanaki, Chief Strategy Officer of the company. At this time, all participants are on a listen-only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question-and-answer session, at which time, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad and wait for your name to be announced. I must advise you that this conference is being recorded today. We now pass the floor to one of your speakers today, Mr. Christos Begleris. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, operator. I am Christos Begleris, co-CFO of Starbuck Carriers, and I would like to welcome you to our conference call regarding our financial results for the first quarter of 2024. Before we begin, I kindly ask you to take a moment to read the safe harbor statement on slide number two of our presentation. In today's presentation, we'll go through our Q1 results, cash evolution during the quarter, actions taken to create value for our shareholders, an update on the Eagle Belt integration, vessel operations, fleet update, the latest on the ESG front, and our views on industry fundamentals before opening up for questions. Let us now turn to slide number three of the presentation for a summary of our first quarter 2024 highlights. For the first quarter, the company reported the following. Net income amounting to 75 million with adjusted net income of 73 million or 87 cents adjusted earnings per share. Adjusted EBITDA was 123 million for the quarter. For the first quarter, as per our existing dividend policy, we declared a dividend per share of 75 cents payable on or about June 6th, 2023. Since 2021, dividend distributions and share buybacks are over 1.2 billion and 0.4 billion respectively. Our total liquidity today stands strong at 472 million. Meanwhile, our total debt stands at 1.45 billion. On the top right of the page, you will see our daily figures per vessel for the quarter. our TCE rate was 19,627 per vessel per day. Our combined daily OPEX and net cast GNA expenses per vessel per day amounted to 6,185. Therefore, our TCE less OPEX and cast GNA is around $13,442 per vessel per day. Following Eagle shareholders' approval, on April 9th, the EagleBulk transaction was completed and each EagleBulk shareholder received 2.6211 Starbucks shares per share of Eagle. EagleBulk's convertible notes will be exchangeable at the conversion rate equal to 83.67 shares of Starbucks common stock when it matures on August 1st, 2024. Cash received following the Eagle merger amounted to $104.3 million. Currently, we have 161 vessels on a fully delivered basis, including the five new building CAMSROMAX vessels we have announced. During 2024, we have sold eight vessels for total gross proceeds of $150 million. Four of these vessels, namely Star Audrey, Star Pixis, Stellar Eagle and Crowned Eagle are expected to be delivered during Q2 to their new owners. Slide 4 graphically illustrates the change in the company's cash balance during the first quarter. We started the quarter with $262 million in cash and generated positive cash flow from operating activities of $114 million, including debt proceeds and repayments. CAPEX payments for energy-saving devices and ballast water treatment system installments, and the Q4 dividend payment, we arrived at a cash balance of $269 million at the end of the quarter. Slide 5 provides an overview of the company's capital allocation policy over the last three years and the various levers we have used to create shareholder value. On the top left, we show our net debt evolution. Since 2021, we have reduced leverage in the company by 43%. Over the same period, we have declared consecutive quarterly dividends totaling 1.2 billion. We have taken advantage of historically elevated S&P values to sell some of our older and less efficient vessels using the equity proceeds to buy back our shares at attractive values. Since 2022, we have bought back $423 million worth of Starbucks stock. 20 million shares, valued at $380 million, were bought in the fourth quarter of 2023 from Oak Tree. Given that our shares at the time were trading at a significant discount to net asset value, and we used process from vessel sales at net asset value, we have taken advantage of the arbitrage to create shareholder value. Combining all of the above, we see that we have focused on returning capital to shareholders, while at the same time deleveraging the balance sheet and buying back shares when there are opportunities to do so accretively. In total, since 2021, we have taken actions of $2.1 billion to create value for our shareholders. I will now pass the floor to our COO, Nikos Reskos, for an update on the EagleBalk transaction integration and our operational performance. Thank you, Christos.

Slide 6 illustrates a summary of the EagleBalk transaction integration. The merger with EagleBalk will allow us to leverage our strong global presence of the combined entity with offices in Singapore, the U.S., Greece, Denmark, and Cyprus. The respective Singapore offices are to merge into one and continue as a commercial and technical management hub covering the Asia-Pacific. The Stanford office is to continue both on commercial and technical management, covering the Atlantic and the US markets. Together with the Athens headquarters in Europe, we will maintain presence in Copenhagen for chartering operations covering the Atlantic, continent, and the Med area. We are creating a new integrated commercial team managing the second largest Ultramax-Supramax fleet globally to combine capabilities and aim for improved time chart performance. We also aim to rebalance employment strategy and include voyage business. We have already refinanced the ex-Eagle debt facility, resulting in interest cost savings of $3.2 million per year. We have executed new insurance agreements for the ex-Eagle vessels, saving $1.9 million per annum in insurance premium costs. Crewing will be gradually taken in-house, with an expected cost reduction of about $600 per vessel per day during the next 18 months. Significant synergies are expected from the centralization of procurement of all stores, spare parts, and lubricants. Dry docks of ex-EGLE bulk vessels will benefit from stable, competitive pricing agreements with service providers and shipyards globally. Marine safety quality and technical maintenance standards, processes, policies, and systems are to be applied across the combined fleet, aiming to align with the Starbuck Rideship Safety Score and Port State Control performance. Lastly, systems integrations are underway to enable efficiencies amongst offices and departments and create further synergies. Turning to slide seven, we provide an operational update. Operate expenses was at $4,962 for Q1, 2024. Net cast GNA expenses were at $1,223 per vessel per day for the same period. In addition, we continue to rate at the top amongst our listed peers in terms of ride ship safety score. Flight date provides a fleet update and some guidance around our future dry dock and the relevant total off-hide days. On the top right of the page, we provide a CAPEX schedule illustrating our new building CAPEX and vessel energy efficiency upgrades, with 100% of our fleet by now being ballast water system fitted. Our expected dry dock expense for the remainder of 2024 is estimated at $42.4 million for the dry docking of 51 vessels, including 12 ex-Eagle Belt vessels. we expect to have approximately 1,250 off-yard days for the same period. Based on our latest construction schedule, our new building vessels are expected to be delivered during Q4 of 2025, Q2, and Q3 of 2026. In line with the EXI and CII regulations, we'll continue investing in upgrading our fleet with the latest operational technologies available aimed in improving our fuel consumption and reducing emissions. our environmental footprint, and further enhancing commercial attractiveness of the Starbuck fleet. Regarding our energy-saving devices, programmed during the quarter, we have completed and tested retrofits on four vessels, with 19 more vessels planned for retrofit by the end of 2024. The above numbers are based on current estimates around dry dock, retrofit planning, vessel employment, and yard capacity. Turning to slide nine, for an update on our fleet sales. On the vessel sales front, we continue disposing of vessels opportunistically at historically attractive levels, having agreed during Q1 to sell seven vessels for a total gross proceeds of $134 million, reducing our average fleet age and improving overall fleet efficiency. During the second quarter, we have further agreed to sell one more vessel, the Crown Deagle. We took delivery of three out of the six long-term chartering echo vessels that will be delivered to us throughout 2024, and specifically two Chunaishi Zusan Camstramaxes and a Chunaishi Cebu Ultramax. The Eagle Bulk existing chartering contracts have been rolled over to Starbuck following the merger. We have five firm shipbuilding contracts with Quindao Shipyard for the construction of 82,000 deadweight Camstramax new building vessels. Considering the formation changes in our fleet mix, we operate one of the largest dry boat fleet amongst US and European listed peers, with 161 vessels on a fully delivered basis, and an average age of 11.3 years. I will now pass the floor to our Chief Strategy Officer, Haris Plakatonaki, for an ESG update.

Haris Plakatonaki Thank you, Nikos. Please turn to slide 10, where we highlight our continued leadership on the ESG front. The Starbucks Asset Analytics ESG Risk Smart Score has further improved from 21.3, medium risk, to 19, low risk, maintaining Starbucks' number one ranking among U.S. listed peers, and positioning the company as one of the best performing companies globally in the category transportation shipping. During Q1, 2024, we began along with our partners, the scoping of work and initial projects with the Maritime Emissions Reduction Center to develop and adopt new and existing solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the global field. The center was granted the Motivation Award at the ESG Sipping Awards International 2024. On the regulatory front, MPC-81 has progressed discussions related to IMO's mid-term market-based measures, which are set to come into force in 2027. We are continuously assessing the impact of upcoming environmental regulations and considering action plan options for suppliers. As part of several programs to enhance diversity and inclusion, our first female cadets have embarked on board one of our Newcastle MAX vessels. We continue the development of Starlink, along with the installation of firewalls on board our vessels, and have embarked on a project to equip our vessels with a cyber-route technology to digitalize and advance the monitoring of onboard systems performance and security. On the governance front, and as part of our enhanced code of business conduct and ethics, we have launched a new online whistleblowing platform on the company's website to encourage open reporting by employees, crews, and third parties, safeguard confidentiality and anonymity, and improve the handling and monitoring process of any received loan reports. I will now pass the floor to our CEO, Petros Papas, for a market update and his closing remarks.

Thank you, Haris. Please turn to slide 11 for a brief update of supply. During the first four months of 2024, a total of 12.1 million dead weight was delivered and 1.6 million dead weight was sent to demolition for a net fleet growth of 10.5 million dead weight or 2.9% year-on-year. Uncertainty on future green propulsion, high shipbuilding costs and limited shipyard capacity until late 2026 have helped keep new orders under relative control. The order book presently stands at a low level of 9.3% of the fleet. Furthermore, vessels above 20 and 15 years of age stand at 8.8% and 21.2% of the fleet, while scrap prices stabilized at elevated levels and should make demolition of overage and energy inefficient tonnage an attractive option during seasonal downturns over the next years. The average steaming speed of the dry bag feed decreased to a new record low level in January due to downward pressures from inflated bunker costs and new environmental regulations. Having said that, over the last two months, speeds have rebounded to 11.2 knots following the higher freight rate environment and a stabilization of oil prices. We expect emissions regulations, including EXI and CII, to increasingly incentivize slow steaming, retrofits, and to help moderate supply over the next several years. Global port congestion followed a strong downward trend over the last two years that gradually inflated available supply by approximately 5%. During the first quarter of 2024, congestion appears to have fully normalized on all sizes and going forward we expect it to follow seasonal trends. Moreover, Panama Canal constraints since mid-2023 and rising tension in the Red Sea continue to cause strong inefficiencies for trade with a positive effect on the supply and demand balance of 2024. As a result of the above trends, nominal fleet growth is unlikely to exceed 2.5% per annum over the next couple of years. Let us now turn to slide 12 for a brief update of demand. According to Clarkson's, total dry bulk trade during 2024 is projected to expand by 1.6% in tons and 2.4% in ton miles. During the first quarter of 2024, total dry bulk volumes increased by approximately 5.5% year-on-year, supported by iron ore, coal, and record minor bulk exports. While ton miles increased at a faster pace due to favorable conditions in Brazil and canal inefficiencies. The IMF is projecting global GDP growth at 3.2% for 2024 and 2025, the same pace as in 2023, with China projected to slow down to 4.6% and 4.1% respectively. Nevertheless, Chinese GDP increased by 5.3% in Q1, faster than initially expected, while dry bulk imports were up by 8.2% compared to last year. The country's full economic recovery from COVID-19 has yet to unfold due to the struggling property market, but has received support by strength in infrastructure, manufacturing, and exports. Dry bulk demand from the rest of the world is experiencing a strong recovery over the last quarters that is expected to continue as it receives support from lower commodity prices and expectations of easing monetary policy. During the first quarter, imports were up by 2.9% year-on-year, with the increase coming mainly from India and Far East countries, while imports from Western economies are also moving higher following two years of contraction. Iron ore trade is projected to remain flat in tons and to expand by 1% in stone miles during 2024. China's steel production declined by 3.1% year-on-year during the first quarter. Weak domestic consumption is forcing steelmakers to export excess output and some Western economies are raising tariffs as a response. At the same time, domestic iron ore production and imports increased by 15.7% and 7% respectively and have helped food stockpiles higher. On the other hand, steel production from the rest of the world has been on a strong upward trend since September and increased by 7.2% during the first quarter. Coal trade is projected to contract by 0.3% in tons and by 2.5% in ton miles during 2024. Global focus on energy security has inflated coal trade, while Atlantic exporters, have redistributed regional quantities east with positive effect for ton miles. Chinese imports surged 61% during 2023 and remained strong during the first quarter of 2024, supported by a 4.1% year-on-year decline in domestic coal production and a 7.4% year-on-year increase in thermal electricity generation. Furthermore, India is emerging as a leading buyer of coal during the last quarters, as consumption has outpaced domestic production and has led to a strong increase in imports. Grains trade is projected to expand by 2.1% tons and by 5.2% ton miles during 2024. Exports from Latin America increased by approximately 14% during the first quarter, following strong Brazilian soybean exports exports and recovery of Argentinian volumes. Moreover, Ukraine increased exports to the highest level since the start of the war, while lower grain prices, improving crop forecasts and increased focus on food security is projected to support grain trade in the medium term. Miner bus trade is projected to expand by 3.7% in tons and by 4.7% in ton miles during 2024. Mineral back trade has the highest correlation to global GDP growth, and the recent strength in the container market provides a positive indicator for short-term prospects of smaller sites. The positive price arbitrage continues to incentivize Chinese steel exports and backhoe trades, while bauxite exports out of West Africa continue to expand at a high price, pace, and generate strong ton miles for cape-sized vessels. As a final comment, the long-term prospects of the dry bulk market remain positive due to favorable supply dynamics, increased inefficiencies in trade, and a recovery of demand supported by large global infrastructure investment needs for the world's green transition. Starball expects to take advantage of the recent strength in the dry bulk market, having mostly maintained its diverse scrubber-fitted fleet in the spot market, and thus continue to create value for its shareholders. Without taking any more of your time, I will now pass the floor over to the operator to answer any questions you may have.

Thank you. Again, at this time, we will be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in place. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question for participants using speaker equipment. It may be necessary to pick up your hands before pressing the start key. Our first question comes from the line of Omar Anokta with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.

Thank you. Hi, guys. Good afternoon. Just a couple questions for me. And you've been asked this before, I recall. You were asked shortly after the EGLE announcement. Just in general, how you view the Starbuck fleet from here, Petros, you just talked about the diversified, just towards the end of your comments, you mentioned the diversified fleet. You know, you've been more dynamic recently. Obviously, the demerger, you've sold some ships. Post-merger now, you're a bit bottom heavy on the super ultra side, obviously giving you more exposure to the minor bulk trade. I guess in general, as we think of you being more dynamic with the fleet, are capes a place, a cape size vessel, is that a place you'd like to see a higher ratio of STARS fleet going forward, or do you prefer to build or increase the sub-CAPE ratio of the fleet? Sorry for the long-winded question.

Thank you, Omar. Well, it happened that this is a supramax, ultramax fleet. Next merger may be a CAPE fleet. Who knows? For the time being, you're right. We are smaller vessel heavy. But that also gives us an opportunity in the sense that during high markets like this is, one can sell older vessels of the fleet, and that way keep the average age at a better level. So I think that going forward, you may see us sell some of our less efficient and older vessels, and that may help. kind of rectify the account until we make our next move.

Makes sense. Thanks, Petros. And maybe just to follow up, in terms of just the debt load at the moment with the company, you have $1.4 billion of debt and you've got $470 or so of cash. How are you thinking about that amount of debt in general? Are you comfortable keeping it at that level You have on slide five the 43% reductions in that debt since 21. Do you feel the need to keep that trend going and lowering that figure, or are you okay with the current balance?

For the moment, Omar, we're continuing to delever at basically the same absolute rate As we've been delevering for a while, we're paying down $250 million in debt a year, and for the foreseeable future, we're going to keep doing that. Obviously, at some point, we get to net debt zero, and we'll figure out something to do then, but We want to set the company up to be able to get into the era of decarbonization, and we think you need a strong company with a strong balance sheet to do that well.

Yeah, I agree. And then I guess just on that, potentially getting to net debt zero, is that in any way – shift or change the dividend policy approach or the minimum cash requirements you're looking to keep?

We have no current plans to change any of our capital allocation policies. If the world changes, the policy may change, but for the moment, the policy is our policy.

Okay. Okay. Very good. Thanks, Hamish. And thanks, Patrick. I'll turn it over. Thank you, Omar. Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Ben Nolan with CFO. Please proceed with your question.

Yeah, thanks. Actually, first, Hamish, could you maybe dive into that comment that you made there about wanting to have a strong balance sheet to move into – decarbonizing world, or I forgot exactly how you framed it. Does that mean at some point you're going to need to replace assets for things that have much lower carbon emissions? Maybe just unpack that comment if you could.

I guess the answer is we don't actually know what's going to happen. If you don't know what's going to happen... That sounds like a really good reason to have a strong balance sheet. The more you know what's going to happen, the more you can lever up in anticipation of what's going to happen. But yes, we think that probably there will be expensive ships burning expensive fuel, getting really high charter rates. And we think it will be very good for the business and very good for us because we think it will favor large companies that can afford, you know, R&D and compliance and all the overheads that go with having a, you know, a difficult regulatory environment. But, you know, whatever it is, it's going to favor big companies with lots of resources and a strong balance sheet.

And if I may add to Amos's point, this is Christos, hi, Ben. We think it's prudent that during a healthy market, we reduce debt as much as possible so that in the future, effectively, we have more capacity to take on more debt when the prices are lower and when we want to further leverage on the upside.

Sure, yeah, and I absolutely agree with that. Sticking with sort of the decarbonization theme a little bit, I know that you guys have investigated or invested in some cases in certain early-stage R&D-type technologies. Curious if you have any updated thoughts on what that might look like, whether it's carbon capture or any particular fuel types that you think are emerging as the best candidates, any new color in that respect.

Hi, Ben. This is Nikos. For the time being, we're investing on technologies that have been tested, so basically improving as much as we can the existing fleet. You will have noted that we are continuing installing energy efficiency devices that are proven to decrease our consumption and improve the commercial appeal of each vessel. We are agnostic of all technologies going in the market. We're testing hot-leaning robots. We're testing... They both have an effect on performance. We have tested carbon capture on board of one of our vessels, but it's a matter of putting all ends to meet in order to make it into a viable commercial solution. We do believe that it is an intermediate solution until we have fuel that will be widely acceptable both in terms of supply, consumption, and of course on the engines. But for the time being, we're trying to improve the existing vessels as much as we can. But carbon capture, yes, we do have hope that this may materialize later into the year.

Okay, that's helpful. And then lastly for me, it seems like... And I appreciate the color that you guys gave on the integration of Eagle. And it seems like so far so good with respect to finding synergies, which I know is difficult in this industry. But the costs are down. The share price is up, and at least by my math, it's above NAV. So that part of the thesis has played out thus far. I'm curious if that is opening the doors for other opportunities. And Petrus, I know you talked about the next merger, what have you. Are you finding potential sellers out there that can look at that transaction and say, this is a good liquidity event for me and a way to maximize the value for my assets in the same time you guys can utilize your shares as a currency?

Well, look, everything like this helps, right? Closing one deal and doing a good job of it is clearly going to help our reputation in the market for other deals. But I don't underestimate how hard these deals are to get done. You know, we have gotten a lot of them done, but, you know, they're always hard to close and they're always low probability. That being said, we're looking at possible transactions. And, you know, we may be able to do one or more. We certainly intend to try to keep growing.

Okay. And I guess... Are you, I don't know, maybe more optimistic about that than maybe you would have been a few months ago?

I think we are more optimistic, but, you know, I hope our optimism is actually able to influence, you know, the way the world works. Sure. We're doing our best.

All right. Ben, I think that... We are more optimistic than usual also because of the environmental regulations. I think they will have an impact, a positive impact on supply. And I think this is going to happen to take place for several years going forward. So that's a good basis. for our optimism, I believe.

What the environmental regulations do in large part is make it no fun to operate a small shipping company. For a long time, for centuries, it's been great fun to operate a small shipping company. I think that's changing. The business is becoming less fun and more demanding of a large corporate organization

Yeah, well, it's always fun to have fun. So I appreciate the color. I appreciate it. Thanks. Thank you, Ben.

Thank you. And as a reminder, if anyone has any questions, you may press star 1 on your telephone keypad in order to join the question and answer queue. And it looks like we have reached the end of the question and answer session. I'll now turn the call back over to Mr. Petros Papas for closing remarks.

No further comments, operator. Thank you very much.

Thank you. This concludes today's conference, and you may disconnect your line at this time. Thank you for your participation.