Star Bulk Carriers Corp.

Thank you for standing by, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Starbalk Carriers Conference Call on the second quarter 2025 financial results. With us today, Mr. Petros Papas, Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Hamish Norton, President, Mr. Simos Spirou, and Mr. Cristos Begleris, Co-Chief Financial Officers, Mr. Nikos Raskos, Chief Operating Officer, Mrs. Charis Plakantonaki, Chief Strategy Officer of the company, and Constantino Cimentiras, Head of Market Analysis of the company. At this time, all participants are in the listen-only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question and answer session, at which time, if you wish to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad and wait for your to be announced. I must advise you that this conference is being recorded today. We now pass the floor to one of our speakers, Mr. Spirou. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. I am Simos Spirou, Co-Chief Financial Officer of Starbalk Carriers, and I would like to welcome you to our conference call regarding our financial results for the second quarter of 2025. Before we begin, I kindly ask you to take a moment to read the safe harbor statement on slide number two of our presentation. In today's presentation, we will go through our Q2 highlights results, actions taken to create value for our shareholders, cash evolution during the quarter, assault update on the merger synergies, vessel operations, fleet update, the latest on the regulatory front, and our views on the industry fundamentals before opening up for questions. Let us now turn to slide number three of the presentation for a summary of our second quarter 2025 highlights. The company reported the following. Net income amounted to $40,000 with adjusted net income of $13.2 million or 11 cents per share adjusted net income. Adjusted EBITDA was $69 million for the quarter. During the second quarter, we repurchased 3.3 million shares for a total of $54 million. Our board of directors decided to continue prioritizing returns to shareholders given the company's strong position, declaring a dividend of five cents per share for the quarter, payable on September 10th. Our total cash today stands at $407 million. Meanwhile, our total debt stands at $1.12 billion. Through our own revolver facilities, we have additional liquidity of $115 million, resulting to pro forma liquidity of more than half a billion. Finally, we currently have 12 debt-free vessels with an aggregate market value of $246 million. On the top right of the page, you will see our daily figures per vessel for the quarter. Our time charter equivalent rate was $13,624 per vessel per day. Our combined daily operating expenses and net cash G&A expenses per vessel per day amounted to $6,277 per vessel. Therefore, our time charter equivalent, less OPEX, less G&A, is approximately $7,350 per day per vessel. Slide four provides an overview of the company's capital allocation policy over the last three years and the various levels we have used to strengthen the company, increase the intrinsic value for shares, and return capital to our shareholders. In total, since 2021, we have taken actions totaling $2.75 billion in dividends, share buybacks, and debt repayment to create value for our shareholders. At the same time, Starbucks has been growing the platform at opportune times through consecutive flip buyouts by issuing shares at or above NAV. On the bottom of the page, we saw our net debt evolution. Since 2021, our average net debt has been reduced by 46%, reaching a level where it is covered by the flip scrap value. Given the flip growth on a per vessel basis, it has decreased from $11.2 million per vessel to $5.3 million per vessel, a reduction of more than 53%. Slide five graphically illustrates the changes in the company's cash balance during the second quarter. We started the quarter with $437 million in cash. We generated positive cash flow from operating activities of $55 million. After including debt proceeds and repayments, cap experiments for energy saving devices and ballast water treatment systems, installations, vessel sale proceeds, share buybacks, and the first quarter dividend payment, we arrived at a cash balance of $431 million at the end of the quarter. I will now pass the floor to our Chief Operating Officer, Nikos Reskos, for an update on synergies and our operational performance. Thank you, Simo.

Slide six provides an update on the integration and synergies. We are now closing the first year marks in stable acquisition, near completion of our strategy in realizing significant cost savings in operating and jar and administrative expenses. Over 53 million of cumulative cost synergies have been achieved since April 2024. Cost synergies achieved during Q2 2025 stand at approximately 13 million. The operating expense in G&A savings for the ego fleet are approximately $1,990 per vessel per day. We expect to complete the phase out of third-party crew managers by Q3 2025 and replacing with our crew platform, hence meeting our targeted cost optimization. Please turn to slide seven, where we provide an operational update. Operating expenses for Q2 2025 start at $4,928. Net gas G&A expenses were $1,349 per vessel per day for the same period. In addition, we continue to rate as a total amongst our listed peers in terms of ride ship safety score. Slide eight provides a fleet update and some guidance around our future dry dock and the relevant total of hard days. On the bottom of the page, we provide our expected dry dock expense schedule, which for the remaining of the year is estimated at $33 million for the dry docking of 30 vessels. In total, we expect to have approximately 1,000 of hard days for the same period. On the top right of the page, we have our capex schedule, illustrating our new building capex and vessel energy efficiency upgrade expenses. Based on our latest construction schedule, our five Capsamax new building vessels constructed in the shipyard are expected to be delivered during 2026. For these vessels, we have secured $130 million of debt financing against the new building installments. In line with our MO carbon reduction regulations, we will continue investing in upgrading our fleet with the latest operational technologies available, aimed at improving our fuel consumption and using our environmental footprint, enhancing the commercial attractiveness of the dry dock fleet. We gather energy saving technologies, the recovery program, we have so far completed 47 explanations, with another 13 plans for 2025. Please turn to slide nine for an update on our fleet. On the vessel sales front, we continue disposing of non-Eco vessels opportunistically, reducing our average age and improving overall fleet efficiency. During the second quarter, we agreed to sell and deliver to the new owners some of our less efficient Supermax and Capsamax vessels, Tuffin Bulker, Star Canary, Star Patrol, Oriole and Star Georgia. Furthermore, during the second quarter, we have further agreed to sell Star Knight, Star Runner, Star Deni, Star Gold, Star Piper and Star O, which are expected to be delivered to the new owners by the end of the year. We expect to receive an aggregate net sales of $104 million during Q3 and Q4 2025. Following the roll over of vehicle bulk, existing chartering contracts, we now have a total of eight chartering vessels. Considering the information changes on our fleet links, we operate one of the largest dry bulk fleets amongst US and European listed peers, with 142 vessels on a fully delivered basis, and with an average age of 11.9 years. I will now pass the floor to our Chief Strategy Officer, Haris Plakadanaki, for an update on recent global environmental regulation developments.

Thank you, Nikos. This turns to slide 10, where we highlight progress on our ESG priorities. In anticipation of the 84th session of the IMO Genepis C in October 2025, we continue to assess the impacts of the draft Centro framework approved by the IMO last April, and we research future strategies to ensure timely and efficient compliance with the four common global regulations expected to take effect in January 2028. On the tuning the maritime front, we have reviewed compliance options and selected local strategy for 2025-2026, entering a pooling agreement with an external party to cover 100% of the response to the deficit for 2025, and partially for 2026, given the cost effectiveness of purchasing circles used. Starbuck remains committed to supporting the professional development of the next generation in the shipping industry. A total of 33 university students from Britain of Rome are current undertaking internships across various departments of our company. During Q2 2025, the company renewed its social responsibility commitment, including the sponsorship of athletes from Greek and national skates to teaching, and our continued support of the unit of Greek shipowners scholarship programs. In preparation for the company's annual list of reports to be published in the third quarter of 2025, we are conducting a new impact analysis of our each material topic, engaging our internal stakeholders in accordance with the global report release and standards. We confuse investment in digitalization and cybersecurity, including the rollout of Starlink and onboard firewalls across our fleet, while actively exploring applications of AI technology and innovation. I will now go to the floor to our head of market analysis, Constantinos Maldira, for a market update and his closing remarks.

Thank you, Harris. Please turn to slide 11 for a brief update of supply. During the first half of 2025, a total of 18.1 million deadweights were delivered and 2.2 million deadweights were spent on the fleet. That brings 15.9 million deadweights, or .5% year to date, and .9% over the last 12 months. The new building remains modest, at .8% of the existing fleet. Contracting activity was soft in the first half, falling to a nine-year low of just 9.7 million deadweights. Limited capacity up to second half 2027, high security costs and uncertainty over future re-incorporation have kept new orders under control. At the same time, the fleet is aging, and by the end of 2027, approximately 50% of the current fleet will be over 15 years old. Moreover, the increasing number of vessels undergoing their third special survey is estimated to reduce effective capacity by approximately half percent per annum between 2025 and 2027. The average speed of the fleet has slightly rebounded from Q1 record lows, supported by a relatively stable bunker environment. However, speed remains below last year levels and has stabilized at around 11 knots. Furthermore, new and more carbon regulations are expected to continue to incentivize slow steaming and moderate effective supply in the mid-term. Finally, global port congestion, after experiencing a brief recovery in Q1, has now returned to long-term averages. For the remainder of 2025 and 2026, we expect congestion to follow seasonal trends and to have a neutral or slightly positive impact on the supply and demand balance. Let us now turn to slide 12 for brief update of demand. According to Clarkson, total drive of trade during 2025 is projected to contract by 0.9%, while ton miles are expected to expand by 0.2%. For 2026, trade growth is estimated at .3% in tons and .6% in ton miles. President Trump's aggressive tariff negotiations and policy shifts have added uncertainty to traditional forecasting models. Nevertheless, the global economy showed considerable resilience in the first half of the year. In his latest report, the IMF upgraded global GDP forecast following easing trade tensions and recent U.S. deals with the EU, Japan, and other nations. World growth was revised up by .2% of points to 3% for 2025 and .1% for 2026, while U.S. and China GDP forecasts for 2025 were upgraded by .2% and .8% respectively. Similar upward revisions in trade forecasts should be expected over the coming months, especially if the trade through between the U.S. and China is extended over the next quarter. During the first half of 2025, total drive-out problems underperformed due to strong declines in coal and grain shipments. Iron ore trade was stable, while bauxite and mineral bulk flows increased significantly. During the second quarter, ton miles found support by stronger Atlantic exports, longer Pacific trade distances, and the ongoing Red Sea rerouting. Chinese drive-out imports contracted by .2% year over year in the first half, following two years of strong expansion in domestic output, imports, and rising stockpiles. However, China's GDP growth has exceeded expectations on the back of aggressive stimulus measures that began in September with a name to revive domestic consumption, stabilize the housing market, and offset the impact of tariffs. Drive-out demand from the rest of the world has experienced a strong recovery over the last seven quarters, a trend that is expected to continue, supported by lower commodity prices and a weaker U.S. dollar. During the first half of 2025, imports rose by .8% year over year, driven by Southeast Asia, India, and Middle East demand. Iron ore trade is projected to contract by .2% in tons and by .7% in ton miles during 2025. Chinese feed production fell .2% year on year during the first half, driven by Q2 output reductions to address overcapacity. However, iron ore imports are expected to gain support as pot stockpiles have declined in recent months and domestic iron ore production contracted by .4% year to date. Furthermore, record high steel exports have partially offset weaker domestic demand, while steel production in the rest of the world was stable year over year. By late 2025, iron ore ton miles will receive support from new high-grade Atlantic iron ore mines that are expected to gradually replace lower quality imports and Chinese domestic production. Coal trade is projected to contract by .8% in tons and by .6% in ton miles during 2025. Export volumes pulled back during the first half after reaching new record highs during the second half of 2024. Chinese and Indian thermal electricity production declined, domestic coal production increased and stockpiles reached all-time highs. Weak coal fundamentals and rising renewable energy production in China create downside risks. However, global focus on energy security, strong demand from Southeast Asian economies, and the recovery of Australia coal ton miles should gradually provide support on coal trade. Great trade is projected to contract by .1% in tons but to expand by .9% in ton miles during 2025. During the first half, total grain volumes dropped by .7% year over year, driven by a sharp decline in Black Sea and European exports and weaker Chinese demand. Latin America exports remain relatively flat at elevated levels following a strong Brazilian soybean season and increased volumes from Argentina. Moreover, falling commodity prices, a weaker U.S. dollar, and pent-up demand are expected to boost grain trade activity during the rest of 2025 and 2026. Minor bulk trade is projected to expand by .1% in tons and by .6% in ton miles during 2025. Minor bulk trade is closely tied to global GDP growth and has benefited from improving outlook across major economies. Favorable price arbiters continue to fuel Chinese steel exports and backhoe trades, while box-side exports from West Africa expanded by 31% in the first half, generating strong ton miles for the K-size fleet. As a final comment, despite ongoing global geopolitical uncertainties, we remain optimistic about the -long-term outlook for the driver market, supported by favorable supply outlook, stricter IMO environmental regulations, and China's accumulating stimulus measures. We remain focused on actively managing our diverse crop-defeated fleet to capitalize on market opportunities and deliver value to our shareholders. Without taking any more of your time, I will now pass the floor over to the operator to answer any questions you may have.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, if you do have questions, please press star followed by one. You will hear a tone that your line has been acknowledged. Please make sure to lift the speaker on the handset of your speaker before pressing the keys. And your first question will be from Chris Robertson at Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Good morning, everybody. Thank you for taking my questions. Good morning. Uh, yeah, just given the recent strengthening in the mid-size segment in terms of the rates, do you have any expectations around further divestment of older tonnage in kind of the smaller segments, or do you expect to target maybe one particular segment or another or just particular age profiles going forward? Disposal of the smaller ships?

Hi, Chris. The intention is to continue disposing of smaller vessels, smaller, older, and inefficient vessels going forward. And that is also a kind of a head in case the market does not go the way we think it will.

Got you. Um, I guess as a follow up to that, when you think about vesting in the fleet on the vessels that you do decide to keep, you know, there's obviously the current technologies out there, like different paints and whole treatment and things like that. But what other technology options are you guys looking into or you expect to maybe come onto the scene over the next few years that will help continue to improve efficiency of the current fleet without having to invest in alternative fuel technologies and other more expensive options?

Hi Chris, this is Nikos. We're looking at various technologies and testing all sorts of, from hull cleaning robots to testing carbon capture technology. We think this is going to be a long game until we are able to replace engines to new fuels. So we are looking at various options of how to optimize performance. We're lately changing propellers on the bigger ships for the game with efficiency devices, EFTs, we're able to reduce consumption by about 10%. So there are measures, there are investments to be made with a short return on investment horizon. And we see this as being the trend for the next, let's say, five to seven years.

Great, that's helpful. Thank you for telling my questions. I'll turn it over.

Thank you. Once again, ladies and gentlemen, if you do have any questions, please press star one on your telephone keypad at this time. Thank you. And next question will be from Omar. Please go ahead,

Omar. Hey guys, good afternoon. I just wanted to ask about the market and you touched on it a little bit. But you know, we have seen a bit of a resurgence here, perhaps not maybe substantially, but definitely an improvement from the first half, which maybe seems a bit unexpected, I would say for this time of year. Can you give us just a sense of what's behind this move from your angle? And especially given that we're seeing it across all segments, what's it telling us about seasonality and perhaps maybe your outlook as a result of what we're seeing today?

Hi, Omar. Yeah, seasonality is a factor. But also keep in mind that June exports actually reached a no time high. So that actually was the beginning of the better market that we saw. We think that part of it is expediting import exports prior to potential effects of the tariffs. And we also have another theory in this office, which we call ocean imbalance. We realized at some point a couple of months ago that there were many vessels in the Pacific, many more than usual and lesser vessels in the Atlantic. And that actually started an upturn in the Atlantic. And also think about it physically, when there are less vessels than what's required, they need to ballast. And therefore that adds into the inefficiencies. Also, we saw some extra grain exports from Brazil, and that helped as well. Now, as far as the future is concerned, we're pretty positive about Q4. As we've said in the past, the second half of the year, there's more trade than the first half of the year, with the well-known 46% ratio between the two halves, 54 for the second half. That, of course, changes all the time. Then we see a number of iron ore shipments coming from Brazil and Australia in the second half of the year. The US soybean season is starting. Coal seems to be doing a bit better than previously. Of course, the ocean imbalance is going to remain. This is not something that is mended immediately. One question we have about Q4 is the tariffs. What effect they will have and what is going to happen there, but that's something nobody can tell. If you want to go further for 2026, I could talk to you for the next 10 minutes, but we generally are looking forward to a relatively good year for 2026. If you want me to expand, I could.

Thank you, Patrick. That's helpful. I appreciate the detail there. Maybe just for a point of clarity, you mentioned at the beginning of your answer to my question that June exports hit a high. You're referring to a specific commodity or was that just naturally a seaborne trade? I'm referring to Thomas Traded. Maybe just a bit more of a financial question. Obviously, the stock has done well this year and recently. You've been fairly active buying back the stock you just recharged with the $100 million buyback. How do you view the use of the buyback here in the second half? Obviously, you're fairly active the past few months. The stock has reacted favorably. Do you continue this path or do you go back to the idea of the dividend taking up a bigger percentage of the free cash flow?

Omar, it's Hamish Norton. We are basically going to try to do what's the basically how we think. If our stock gets cheaper, we'll probably use cash flow to at least cash from ship sales to buy back stock and maybe some cash flow as well. If our stock does well, we'll probably use cash to basically build up a reserve on our balance sheet for opportunities that we think may get quite good later on. At this point, we're probably not going to buy ships because we think that the pricing is a little high for building up the fleet. We do think there will be some opportunities in the foreseeable future. So, probably we will not increase our dividend above roughly 60% of cash flow and it may not be that much.