Sanofi

This meeting is being recorded. 2023 results followed by a Q&A session. As usual, you can find the slides to this call on the investor's page of our website at sanofi.com. Moving to slide three, I would like to remind you that information presented in this call contains forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially. I refer you to our Form 20F document on files with the SEC and also our document d'enregistrement universel for a description of these risk factors. With this, please advance to slide four. Our speakers on the call today are Paul Hudson, Chief Executive Officer, Jean-Baptiste de Chatillon, Chief Financial Officer, Oumman Achrafian, Global Head of R&D, and Julie van Ongeval, Global Business Unit Head, Consumer Healthcare. The Global Business Unit has Brian Ford, Thomas Triomphe, and Olivier Charmet will join for Q&A, to which you have two options to participate. Option one, click the raise hand icon at the bottom of your screen, or option two, submit your question by clicking the Q&A icon at the bottom of the screen. And with that, I'd like to turn the call over to Paul.

Well, thank you, Eva, and thanks to everyone for joining our call today. Before we discuss this quarter's highlights, I want to start by updating you on other announcements we made this morning. We've reached an exciting moment in the transformation of our company here at Sanofi. Our play to win strategy is working and we've made significant progress over the past years to transform our R&D efforts with a sharp focus on best in class or first in class medicines and vaccines. These efforts are reflected in our results. We're driving solid performance, seeing strong market demand for recent launches, and advancing our innovative pipeline. Sadovia has delivered an unprecedented cadence of positive news and data readouts this year. We see significant growth potential in our pipeline and increasing our R&D investment accordingly to ensure we fully capitalize on the growth opportunities ahead of us. Oumar Esrafian, our new head of R&D, will share his vision and first impressions in a few minutes. This morning, we're also announcing an important next step in our journey, our intention to separate the Sanofi consumer healthcare business at the earliest in Q4 2024 through the creation of a publicly listed entity headquartered here in Paris. This milestone is a win-win. It allows Sanofi to become a pure play by a pharma company. We'll be more agile, more focused on our key areas of strength. At the same time, it allows Sanofi CHC to be in a better position to pursue its own business strategy, resourcing in capital allocation. You'll hear more from Julie Van Angeval later on the call. We're excited by these new developments that will unlock value, coupled with the current strong business momentum with increasing sales from our growth drivers in specialty care and vaccines, no meaningful LOEs until the end of the decade, and expected benefits from accelerated investments in R&D. We will discuss these strategic announcements in more details later on the call, but let me now turn to a brief review of the quarter three results that exemplify our successful strategy execution towards sustainable growth from innovative medicines. We delivered another quarter of double-digit growth in specialty care, mainly driven by the outstanding success of Dupixent and our performance in rare diseases. In vaccines, sales exceeded 3 billion in the quarter, supported by the unprecedented demand for Bay Fortis. We continue to lead the influenza vaccines market with our successful differentiation strategy around premium products such as flu zone high dose. General medicine sales were lower due to price erosion in most markets, including in the U.S., and we continue to divest non-strategic products. Our standalone consumer healthcare business continued its positive performance in the past quarters. In summary, the underlying strength of our growth drivers more than offset the expected impact from our Baggio generic entries. As a result of our continued strategic execution, almost two-thirds of sales are now coming from specialty care and vaccines. Moving to slide eight and the impressive uptake of our key launches, Altuveo is capturing 40% of all the switches in the US haemophilia A market at the end of Q3. And the number of total patients more than doubled versus Q2. During the quarter, Altuveo was also approved in Japan and Taiwan. There is tremendous momentum for Pape Fortis, which we believe to be one of the fastest uptake of any pediatric immunization ever. And it has resulted in unprecedented demand across the launch regions. Our teams are working around the clock in contact with all the stakeholders to secure supply to protect all infants against RSV. For TZL, we're making steady progress around patient screening and enrollment in our support program. This month, phase three data from the PROTECT study was presented at ISPAD in Rotterdam. showing the potential to slow the progression of stage 3 type 1 diabetes. The full data set was also simultaneously published in the New England Journal of Medicine. We are hopeful to be able to expand TZL's current label, leading also to a significant upside of TZL's commercial potential. As a result of the successful sales ramp up in the quarter, we're raising our sales expectations for these three innovative medicines to exceed 500 million euros combined in the second half of 2023. With sales of more than 2.8 billion euros in Q3, Dupixent reported another quarter of impressive growth. The strong brand performance continues to be fueled by demand across all geographies, newly approved indications, and demographics. Total sales are now annualizing at more than 11 billion euro, and we remain very excited about the growth outlook for this unique medicine. As many as 750,000 patients are now benefiting from access to therapy with Dupixen. During more than six years since its initial launch in AD, Dupixen has set a very high bar for both efficacy and safety, including for patients as young as six months. We continue to build on this remarkable body of evidence with the recent inclusion of five-year atopic dermatitis safety data in the U.S. and the EU labels. And we are persistent in our ambition to lead with science to address larger patient populations through label expansion into new indications based on our deep understanding of the type 2 inflammatory pathway with Dupixent. On site 10, we continue to drive growth with our differentiated flu vaccines that now make up more than 70% of the total flu sales. As highlighted during our Q2 call, the flu vaccines market is increasingly competitive, especially for standard-dose flu vaccines, coupled with vaccination rates that remain below the pre-pandemic level. Despite these unfavorable market dynamics, we expect to deliver flu sales in 2023 at a level that will be among the top three in Sanofi's history. We remain confident in future cell dynamics driven by the demand for vaccines that offer protection against the severe consequences of flu. Moving to slide 11, we continue to leverage external innovation in building up our leadership in immunology. Earlier this month, we announced a major collaboration with Teva on a novel anti-TL1A therapy with a differentiated target profile. Phase 2B is currently ongoing, and while time will tell if we deliver on the target product profile, we believe this molecule has the potential to be best-in-class treatment to address unmet medical need in the large market of inflammatory bowel diseases. Similarly, in vaccines, we entered into an agreement with Janssen Pharmaceuticals earlier this month to develop and commercialize a potential first-in-class candidate against extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli, also known as XPEC. A large Phase 3 trial is already ongoing. E. coli is a significant cause of sepsis, mortality, and antimicrobial resistance in older adults. As the number of cases is rising in an aging population, a novel expect vaccine represents an excellent strategic fit with our portfolio of marketed products and pipeline candidates. We aim to leverage our expertise in vaccines to make this solution available to protect a broad population of seniors above 60 in the future, comparable to the protection of adults against shingles or PCV, for example, today. I now hand over to Jean-Baptiste for a brief look at the Q3 financials.

Yes, thank you, Paul. Moving to slide 13, on looking at our year-to-date performance, sales grew 3.9%, driven by the strong performance of DuPix and Sarkisaz, strong recovery of the booster vaccine franchise, and by our six recent launches. R&D expenses grew 1.6% at constant exchange rate, and benefited from a favorable comparison, as we booked some provisions following the termination of the Amstel-Nestron program last year. The BOI margin decreased 0.6 percentage points to 31.4 due to the significant impact from the OVAGIO LOE, our last significant LOE until the end of the decade. We are also analyzing the LIPTA-EU agreement including a faster repayment of the antibody alliance development balance, now at 20% of the Regeneron profit. EPS was up 4.9% during the first nine months, helped also by the financial income due to higher interest rates on investments. On slide 14, we are providing an updated H2 business outlook. We expect dupixen to continue to grow, driven by demand, while Obagio cells are expected to be impacted by the entrance of generic players in Europe in Q4 on top of U.S. and Canada. Our expectations regarding the split of flu cells between Q3 and Q4 are now 70% on 30% compared to previously two-thirds on one-third. Total GenMed cells are expected to decline in the mid-single-digit range. Importantly, as mentioned by Paul earlier, we have raised our expectation for sales from our three new launches combined to exceed 500 million euros. On the P&L, we expect the final COVID revenues of 400 million euros in Q4 to be booked in the vaccine's other revenues line. OPEX should continue to grow at constant exchange rate, driven by investments behind our key launches, increased R&D spend, as well as costs related to CHE standalone. And changed are our expectations on capital gains on annual tax rate. In Q3, we recorded around 100 million euros of capital gains. Based on the ongoing strong performance of the PICS and supported by the recent launches, more than offsetting the of the pricing headwinds, especially in GenMed, we are reaffirming our full-year 2023 guidance with EPS to grow mid-single-digit at transport exchange rate. On a reported basis, we continue to experience headwinds from currency, approximately minus 6% to minus 7% for the full year based on October average exchange rate. I now hand back the call to Paul.

Well, thank you, JB. Now let's turn to our next chapter of Play to Win. Since we outlined our Play to Win strategy in late 2019, we have delivered everything we said we would do, With Dupixent, we created a mega brand. In R&D, we lead in innovation based on our commitment to first- or best-in-class medicines, and we're building on our core key area of strength around an industry-leading immunology pipeline. Our vaccines business has delivered the mid- to high-single-digit growth as per our guidance, and we have streamlined the GenMed portfolio, adjusted the geographic setup, and go-to-market model, and we've transformed the CHG business with the consumer at the center. Following this tremendous progress, we have now reached a point where we must accelerate our investments in R&D and, with the proposed separation of consumer healthcare, have an opportunity to take further steps toward becoming an R&D-driven pure play by a pharma company. It's with great pleasure that I now hand over to Hooman, head of R&D, who will share more insights into our R&D journey and our pipeline's potential. Huma and I have been working closely together and the team and I value the unique and certainly fresh perspective he is already bringing to the company. Huma.

Thank you, Paul. I'm thrilled to join Sanofi and I'm looking forward to working closely with our teams, building on the significant progress that's been made over the last four years and actively reshaping the discovery and development portfolio. It's been just over four weeks that I've been working at Sanofi. I'd like to use this opportunity to share some of my early observations on both the organization and the rich and diverse pipeline using amitilamab, recent differentiating data presented at EADD a couple of weeks ago as an illustration of how we're poised to embrace the next chapter of our accelerating growth journey. My focus as a new head of R&D is to ensure that we continue developing breakthrough medicines and vaccines to improve people's lives, while sustaining growth in our key therapeutic areas, driving shareholder value. I also want to continue to position the company and further focus it as a scientific and innovation leader, offering meaningful therapeutic and innovative options to patients globally, adding value to society. Our pipeline today is centered around six major therapeutic areas, benefiting from a broad range of proven mechanisms of action and technology platforms. We're building on an industry-leading immunology pipeline with the ambition to be the leader for the next 25 years But I'm equally excited about our presence in neurology, rare diseases, and vaccines. This commitment is reachable thanks to our talented and dedicated international team, many of whom I've had the pleasure of meeting at various R&D sites and town halls globally during my first few weeks on the job. Sanofi is strongly deploying AI, data science, and computational expertise throughout the R&D engine to further accelerate our efforts and deliver better and faster options to patients. As part of these efforts, leveraging my recent background, tapping external innovation, especially for the early to mid-stage asset, will be thoughtfully considered while ensuring strategic, scientific, and financial rationale remain stacked up. As you'll see on slide 19, as we transform and modernize the company for the long term, the teams also keep delivering clinical performance and creating value in the short term. We're extremely proud of the progress we've made in immunology with the success of Dupixent, and the leadership we've built in type 2 inflammatory disease. We're determined to expand our immunology portfolio beyond type 2 and to drive innovation by deploying disruptive technologies for the development of first and best-in-class medicines. We continue to reinforce our development organization to drive these programs relentlessly through execution efficiency. And as you can see on slide 20, I'm happy to share with you some of the recent positive data that were delivered at the time that I just arrived. Amlitalimab's positive phase 2b data was recently presented at the EADB Congress, where the scientific community has been impressed by both strong efficacy and safety data. Amlitalimab has a unique non-depleting mechanism of action targeting OX40 ligand with a potential to restore immune homeostasis with a sustained effect and with infrequent dosing. In this phase 2B study, amlitilumab showed statistically significant improvements in the primary endpoint of percentage change in eczema area and severity index, otherwise known as EASI, score at weeks 16 and 24, as well as clinically meaningful and nominally significant improvement across all key secondary endpoints at week 16, and notably maintained at 24 weeks. As indicated in this slide, 45% of patients treated with amlitilumab, 250 milligrams, with a loading dose achieved IGA zero stroke one at 24 weeks. The strong FSCU results combined with a reassuring safety profile improve our confidence in amlitilumab's potentially best-in-class profile for the treatment of AD, providing signal to pursue a differentiated dosing regimen that could be very meaningful to patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. These data from the form the basis for our advancement into phase three clinical development, which we expect to begin in the first half of 2024. Slide 21. As you can see, the company has made tremendous progress with its R&D transformation over the past few years. Clearly, we have now arrived at a point where our innovative pipeline requires increased funding to fully exploit the potential of these transformative assets and to make them available to patients as soon as possible. We look forward to sharing more of our excitement by the recent flow of positive pipeline environments at the upcoming R&D day on December 7th. And with that, back to you, Paul.

Thank you, Herman. As I mentioned earlier, I want to say a bit more about our intention to separate our consumer healthcare business. CC was set up as a business unit in 2014, followed by the integration of the Boehringer Ingelheim brands until 2019 it remained fully integrated into the pharma organisation. You could say lacked prioritization, consumer centricity, and kept performing below the market. Our decision to create a standalone unit four years ago enabled CEC to set the right priorities, accelerate growth. Today, we've completed a standalone setup around a highly competitive portfolio and built a future-ready organization, consumer-focused and brand-led. As a logical next step to fully unlock the value of the CHC business, we believe that the intended separation would equip it best to pursue its own business strategy, resourcing and capital allocation for sustainable growth. We are reviewing potential separation scenarios and believe that the path most likely to maximize shareholder value would be through a capital markets transaction. To create a publicly listed company and headquartered in Paris, subject to market conditions, the separation could be achieved at the earliest in quarter four, 2024. We're very excited about this announcement and the future prospects of both Sanofi and THC. With this, I hand the call over to Julie to add her perspective.

Thank you, Paul. I'm very proud of what the team has achieved since we embarked on our standalone journey, cutting and embracing our complexity, elevating our consumer centricity, and building our data and digital edge, all while creating our standalone. And today, we're ready for the next chapter. We are a global leading player with a strong focus on our 15 priority brands, all with global or local top three positions, of which most are holding number one positions in their respective markets. These 15 priority brands now represent two-thirds of our business and have generated 85% of our growth in the past three years. Important to note is that we're successfully operating in the attractive 200 billion euro OTC and VMS market, growing both in value and in volume year after year. Compared to other consumer markets, the VMS and OTC market enjoys attractive margins and rather high predictability. We have built a pure play leader with over 90% of our revenues from OTC and VMS, fully leveraging our diversified footprint across categories and geographies. With our clear strategy and consumer-focused brand-led organization in place, we believe the intended separation comes at the right time to further increase our focus, agility, and speed, and effectively leverage our industry trend. With that, I hand the call over to Jean-Baptiste for the financial update.

Thank you, Julie. On slide 26, let me remind you of our success in delivering on our financial objectives during the first chapter of Play to Win, 10 consecutive quarters of growth, 540-bis BY margin improvement on 2.7 billion euros of cost efficiencies, which we reinvested behind growth drivers on our pipeline. We also deployed cash in more than 25 value-creating transactions, securing access to external innovation in R&D. So digital transformation is a key area to enable further productivity, and we are today employing insights from AI and predictive analytics across the organization. Today, Sanofi also benefits from a greatly improved cash flow generation. In December 2019, we outlined our capital allocation policy and have demonstrated discipline in executing on those priorities. Investment into organic growth through our pipeline on growth drivers remains our number one priority, followed by M&A on business development, focusing on Bolton value-enhancing opportunities to drive leadership in core therapeutic areas. We continue to grow our dividend and expect to maintain that policy, including in 2024, and regardless of the proposed CHE separation. In summary, I'm confirming that our capital allocation policy remains unchanged. On slide 28, as Paul already mentioned, given the potential we see in our pipeline, we plan to grow our R&D spending in 24, up from around 6.8 billion euros expected in 23. The spending level is already higher compared to 5.5 billion euros in 2020 and is mainly driven by the investment in vaccines, R&D, on the mRNA Center of Excellence, In pharma, we also benefited from reallocating investments, first from cardiometabolic and lately from oncology. We expect a further step up in R&D spend in 2024 as we start a number of exciting mid to late stage programs in immunology, MS, and vaccine. In 2025, we expect to be able to reallocate spending from completed phase three programs, such as tolibritinib on the COPD programs, to new programs, either internally derived or from business development. The simplification and streamlining of the GenMed portfolio continue at pace. We reached the target number of around 100 bonded product families this year, two years earlier than initially guided at our capital markets day in December 2019. More than $1.9 billion of cash proceeds were generated. Due to continued pricing headwinds across the portfolio of older products and increased competition in the market, we will no longer aim to stabilize GenMed sales in 2025 at the 2020 level, but instead we'll continue to reduce the portfolio to around 85 branded product families, thus allowing for further efficiency. On slide 13, we are launching efficiency initiatives targeting up to 2 billion euro savings across Sanofi to free up operational resources on support the accelerated R&D investments. We will be prioritizing our oncology R&D program on focus on those with first or best-in-class potential, reallocating resources on growth drivers and strategic TAs. We will also leverage procurement to generate additional savings. Lastly, we will modernize the commercial delivery by optimizing our country setup Expanding the hub strategy to increase centralization while refocusing R&D on most critical sites on technology platforms. On slide 31, we are providing a first outlook for 24 on 25. For 24 on 25, we expect continued sales growth supported by our leading franchise on launchers. Based on the strong double digit growth rate that we report again today, we expect sales to reach close to 13 billion euro in 2024. Vaccine sales are expected to grow mid to high single digit in both years after our prior guidance. On the P&L side, OPEX is expected to grow in 2024 due to a step up in R&D investments. Capital gains from product divestments are expected at a similar level as in 2023. Due to changes to global tax regulation, the company's effective tax rate is expected to increase to 21%. Looking further out into 2025, we expect to see the full benefit from the reallocation of our planned efficiencies initiative on a relatively stable R&D expenses year on year, as several large phase three trials in MS on COPD will mature over the period. As a result, business EPS in 2024 is expected to decline low single-digit at constant exchange rate or remain roughly stable, excluding the impact of the expected tax rate change, followed by a strong business EPS rebound in 2025.

So Paul, back to you to conclude. Thank you, JB. I want to conclude by stressing again the impressive progress we've made since the launch of our play-to-win strategy in 2019. We said we would deliver, and we did. Today, we are reconfirming our 2030 goal to make Sanofi a modern science-driven healthcare company, an industry leader in immunology and in vaccines, with greater than €22 billion and €10 billion of sales by 2030, respectfully. We are confident in our improved R&D productivity, driving a pipeline made up of at least 70% biologics, and the vast majority of products being best-in-class or first-in-class, This lays a promising foundation to bring three to five products to market with two to five billion euro peak sales potential each in the second half of the decade. We're in a unique position compared to our competitors with a portfolio uncompromised by a meaningful loss of exclusivity for the remainder of the decade. We're looking forward to the long-term growth prospects opened by our decision to increase our R&D investments. With that, let's open up the call for Q&A.

As a reminder, we would like to ask you to limit your questions to two each. You have the two options to participate. Option one, click the raise hand icon at the bottom of your screen. You will be notified when your line is open to ask your question. And at that time, please make sure you unmute your microphone. Option two, submit your question by clicking the Q&A icon at the bottom of the screen. And your question will be read out by our panelists.

The first question will be from Luisa Hector from Berenberg. Luisa?

Oh, hi there. Thank you for taking my questions. So on the increased R&D investment, could you comment on essentially why now? So why has it now become clear that you need to make this step up in your R&D spend? And can you give us any of internal indicators, reasons why we should be positive in this increased spend to sort of help us understand that the transformation is happening and that these dollars will be invested wisely. So that's the first question on the R&D investment. And then maybe on Dupixent, you've got your guidance there for $13 billion for next year. So could you comment on how the formulary negotiations have gone to date and, you know, your level of confidence in that 13 billion clearly depicts them performing very well. Thank you.

Okay, Louisa, thank you. JB, maybe make a comment on the R&D investments first.

Yeah, I guess the question is why now? It's quite clear to us. We were committed to our 2025 BY margin target since we announced it and you have seen our journey towards it. As our successful readouts of the past few months continued to come in, we worked on various options on how to develop them without wanting to take investments off our launchers, bearing in mind that the headwinds from GenMed were not being reversed. So those options included phasing, selection, potential partnering, But we discussed various strategic options at our board meeting yesterday. We decided to take on the option to accelerate and fund the full potential of our promising pipeline. We believe this is the best option for the long-term value of Sanofi, our shareholders, and also for the patients who we serve.

And I'll come to you, Hooman, in a second. And, of course, we come off the back of things like amlitalimab at EADV, Dick Simon, Hooman mentioned, We, as you know, a lot of our development work is happening and discovery work is happening in immunology. And you know our probability of sex is higher. Plus, the importance to bring everything forward with some urgency is also there. So coupled with what JB said, I think the timing is good to say it now. Hooman, give us something on confidence as well. Why do we believe we'll be more successful? Thanks, Paul.

And thank you, Louisa, for your question. Coming into this with relatively fresh eyes and an objective perspective on the portfolio, we've really had the opportunity to figure out exactly how we were going to move forward. And having evaluated, especially our leading product, I personally felt with the support of the XCOM and the broader group, that it was important that we should double down on many assets which we really wholly own and which could be transformational. Importantly, moving these assets forward in the service of patients and our shareholders across a broad front was critically important at this point for many reasons, including the macro and some of the legislative changes that are coming in in the future and have already come in. One thing I should reassure you to the second limb of your sentence was about how you can be reassured that we're thinking about spending every dollar wisely. Much of the expenditure will come through thoughtful reallocation towards the first and best in class asset. And we will ensure that every dollar is spent based on the service of our shareholders and importantly in our patients really very carefully. And you'll see that throughout the conversation thus far.

Yeah, and of course, at R&D Day, we can really put our cards on the table. I think that's going to be important.

Yeah, Paul, thanks for pointing to that. I invite you all at this point to our 77th R&D Day, and we look forward to sharing the details with you in greater detail then.

Yeah, and I think before I come, I'll throw it to Brian on two picks in a second. But also, I think it might be worth recognizing, although you know it, we have a new head of R&D that has a more unique profile. um both um if you like skilled in in science but also in capital allocation given its background and you know it's unique and i think that's already putting being put to work for us because there's a great awareness for how we spend and how we create a return firstly for patients brian uh 13 billion and um how confident are you almost to form this data

Thank you, Louisa, so much for the question. We've always had very good formulary status, and we've worked very closely from the very beginning with a strategy with the payers. And as we said before, today even we have more than 70% of our coverage is actually commercial coverage. And so we feel very good about the negotiations going into 2024. But I would start by saying, actually, as we talk about the confidence, not only with the payers, but the confidence we have in $13 billion, it begins with the profile. You know, we've got a profile that is quite unique, targeting IL-4, IL-13. You know, we have five indications now in atopic dermatitis. We have five years' worth of data now in our label, both in the EU and in the U.S. We're down to the age of six months of age for young babies. So we have quite an incredible profile. And you look at the growth that we continue to generate year on year, it's quite impressive. And so, you know, it would be hard not to be confident in a brand like this. And so I think as we shared with you before, we shared with you, I think, back in 2019, the waypoint of 10 billion firsts. In fact, it wasn't that long ago in 2022, the beginning of 2022, just over a year ago, we gave a new waypoint of a little bit greater than $13 billion. And now here we are talking about reaching close to $13 billion next year. It's quite impressive. So we feel very confident, I think, in the continued growth of this brand and a leading profile across all the indications that we compete in.

Thank you. Thank you, Brian. Maybe just add then finally to that that You know, with our delivery on Bay Fortis and Altuvio, the great work that's been done to prepare ourselves for T-Zield and the delivery on Dupixent, there's a sort of operational alpha about this company. And it makes you feel very confident about money well spent bringing great medicines through can get launched really well in this company. And I think it's important not to lose sight of that. Next question.

Yes, next question is from Emily Fields from Barclays.

Hi, thank you for taking my questions. Maybe just to piggyback on one of the last answers, you talked about doubling down on some of the programs that you're advancing. I was just wondering if we could get some more granularity on that, because I think, you know, at half your results, we talked about amlitalimab and frixilimab going into phase three. So are these studies going to be larger than initially planned? And then second question, just on GenMed, If you could provide some color, I know you gave a number of products that you're targeting for 25, just maybe more on the sales expectation and just the impact of that sales expectation to overall BOI margin. Are those, you know, higher margin products that are coming off just so we can think about the moving parts getting to 2025 BOI margin? Thank you.

Okay, maybe just a quick response from me. You know, we'll go through this at R&D Day. I understand why you asked the question. going more broadly with amlitalimab, potentially going more broadly with bilzabrutinib, potentially, you know, when we look at the oral small molecule TNF, you know, we have only shared one piece of data, I think, in psoriasis from recollection with an intent to go to a couple of indications. You know, when you look at the IRA, you look at a small margin, you go, you know what, If we like the data, we're going to have to run parallel studies to bring this thing through to fully prosecute it. They're the sort of things that we're starting to say to ourselves, you know, that Frexalamab beyond MS, you know, these are the things we'll talk with you about at R&D Day in December. But these are not inexpensive things to do, but are two good opportunities to miss, particularly our ability to deliver and to launch. So, you know, again, December the 7th, we have a few hours left. on this, and it'll be up to us to demonstrate that to you, but I think you'll see it. I think, you know, when you may be asking the question, okay, why now, what's different? It's urgency, it's confidence, it's breadth, and it's a sheer intent to go all in to create massive future value. And we can perhaps do it in an optimized fashion. It just is not worth it at this point. The big is, the win is too big over the longer term. I think, Olivier, there was a question around GenMed.

Yeah, so thank you, Emily, for your question. So we are going to continue to simplify our portfolio. We are a little bit in advance versus our plan. We are now aiming at 85, you know, product families for 2025, when initially we were aiming at 100 in 2025, coming more than 350. it's very much directed by profile and gross margin. We want to focus our resource on the drivers that are going to drive profitability and brands that are going to drive growth. What does it lead to in terms of sales profile? As Jean-Baptiste mentioned, we are no longer aiming to maintain GenMed sales in 2025 at the level of 2020, but we remain very, very committed to our guidance in terms of a BOI margin between 2020 and 2025, and we are well on track here due to, of course, the pressure we put on OPEX the efforts that are done by our colleagues from manufacturing to improve the cost of goods. Thank you.

Next question is from Peter Welford from Jefferies. Peter.

Hi, yes, thanks for taking my question. First question, I guess it's coming back to a point you've to some extent already covered, but I guess just curious why the decision now to talk about 2024, 2025 EPS and highlight the increasing R&D? I guess we would never in the outside world have known the increasing R&D plans before. until potentially the 7th of December R&D day. So I should just outline, you know, why disclose that, the spending sort of now, but then give the details in the 7th of December. And what was the urgency, I guess, in this sort of six weeks, if you like, preview, rather than necessarily giving us all the information together then at the capital markets events. And then just secondly, if I just come back to GenMed, obviously, you've done the T-Zield deal. I mean, you've actually upgraded the sales outlook for that portfolio of newly launched brands. We've also seen Resinrock launch as well. Can we just ask with regards to the change in the product families? And I appreciate that, obviously, you're pruning the portfolio. But equally, obviously, there's a lot of growth assets within that. So can you just perhaps give us some sort of clarity in terms of what sort of growth we should profile or I think we should be looking for for that business? I appreciate no longer stabilizing, but is this a business where you think the current trend is going to continue or is it likely to accelerate given the commentary in the Outlook section about more aggressive pricing dynamics that you're seeing for that business? Thank you.

Okay, Peter, thank you very much. Jean-Baptiste, a little comment on 24, perhaps even a comment on 25 and a little bit around you know, why not wait until R&D day?

Yeah, well, that's a good question, but I think I tried to answer it just before, that once you've made a decision through the governance and we had our board meeting yesterday, we had different options, but we opted for doubling down in R&D and science, so it's good practice to communicate without deferring. Then on 2025, There are pull-and-pushes, as I said, and it's difficult to understand why the R&D would plateau in 2025 versus 2024. But you have to keep in mind that the reallocation exercise we are doing now with Oman is at great speed, I must say, but it will still deliver the bulk of it in 2025, not in 2024. So that will come to give more leeway to the development of our I&I pipeline and vaccine pipelines. You have also to think that the studies on COPD and polybritonib will be dwindling, and these costs will disappear, giving more room also to embark the spend for our INI pipeline, as I said. So this is one point. On COGS, on DUPI, remember that we will have the full impact of the improvement of COGS in 2025. And globally, the other elements of our saving plan will also mainly deliver in 25. So that's why we are concluding that we will have a strong rebound in 2025.

Thank you, JB. Okay. To GemMed, I'll throw it to you, Olivier, for a second, but just the general context, I think you know this, I think you said it, you know, we have pricing headwinds that are simply too strong to be offset by volume, even though our volume performance is pretty phenomenal. You know, and that's an industry phenomenon, by the way. That's not as a post-pandemic sort of fiscal deficit, you know, attention. I think we've coped very well, but it won't offset. For Teasields, And Resuroc and the sort of growth profile of the segment, the core, if you like, of GemMed, Olivier? So thank you for your question, Peter.

Our growth is going to be continued to be driven by the growth of the core assets. We are very happy with the performance of Resuroc. We are well ahead of our plan. We think that it will continue, and we'll talk more about a sanction of indication during the R&D meeting in December. We continue to be happy with the very strong growth in the international region, including China of 2G0. And, of course, Parliament is doing extremely well in Europe, where in a very growing market, we are able in some countries to continue to grow our market share. Just to give a little bit of color, I'm just back from ISPAD. I've met a lot of key opinion leaders on TESIL that was with Paul. And we are really happy. We are in line with what we had initially planned in the US. We knew that it would be a slow ramp up. We know that feedback from key opinion leaders on the product is extremely high. We are working through a very focused approach on a limited number of centers. It's about cleaning. It's about ways of working. It's about getting organized. We now have a little bit more than 110, you know, patients. We have done a lot of progress since we took over prevention bio in terms of, you know, making much shorter the period of time between when patients enter into the funnel and when they get infused. So everything that we see and the action plan that we have put in place makes us comfortable that T-ZIL will be a multi-billion asset. Great. Thank you, Olivier. Next question.

Next question is from Graham Parry from Bofa. Graham.

Great. Thanks for taking my questions. So first was just, I think clearly the series of announcements this morning caught the market off guard and see that the share price reaction. And I think what would help is if you can help people with narrowing of the scenarios for the 25 earnings recovery. So you said flaps, absolute R&D, because I think you can actually fall just based on the savings you're talking about. and as your cost savings come through as well. And given that you have this big step up into 2024, that's clearly going to see earnings down. But is it fair to assume, therefore, that the cut to earnings that people will be putting through their models is going to be less in 2025 than 2024 because you've got revenue growth and these other savings coming through? And then secondly, just what sort of aspirational growth are you targeting post 2025 to these investments again? I think that some sort of communication of growth at the end of the decade would be helpful for investors as well. And then lastly on consumer, clearly the argument for value creation here would be that peers and consumer trade are much higher multiples than Sanofi. But that rationale goes out of the window if you sell it for cash and then reallocate that capital into another deal. So perhaps some comfort for investors here would be what the preference on options is a spinoff preferred here. Or if not, what are the return hurdles for a transaction on the other side? Would it be EPS accretion or would it be NPV positivity? Just help us with understanding that as well. Thank you.

Okay, JB. This looks like a few for you and I from Graham Parry. So why don't we start with a little bit of 24 and the shape.

Well, I think Graham is hitting a very important point is that something we have not reminded enough is that we enjoy an incredible and pretty unique growth profile of our top line. And that's for the years to come. What we are doing today is having in mind that we want to deliver, from 26 onwards, three to five launches of assets with two to five billion pixels potential. And that's very important today to remind this player, value creation to a greater value creation in the mid-term. The top line growth is untouched in the years to come, and I think it's pretty easy to read, and will even be bolstered with success like the one you see on Bay Fortress. You want to add something on that, or should I say something about THC? Yeah, 25, a little bit more color on 25. Well, I think I give the, that was a missing piece, that was that we will be growing in 25, so the strong rebound, fueled by flat R&D, savings, reallocation, improvement on COGS, deep transformation of the company, a second step in this transformation. All of this is really leading to a strong rebound as soon as 2025 with a growth profile which is untouched. CHE, I think it's really too early to be more precise. We said we had a preferred route But whatever the route we take, we'll keep in mind the best interest of investors. Thank you. OK, next question.

Our next question is from Tim Anderson from Wolf.

Thank you. I just want to, again, stay on the guidance. How much of the pressure to earnings in 24 and 25 is from below the line items versus on the revenue side. You're talking about gen med guidance, you know, no longer being the same as what it was. That would suggest there's some portion of revenue shortfall on the top, you know, on the revenue side that drives the earnings reductions you're suggesting the street bill then for 24 and 25. So can you kind of apportion the lowering to revenue reduction versus things that are below the line? And then on the below the line stuff, it's something that's not just R&D, it's not just tax, but it's also stepped up promo of certain brands. And I'm wondering if you have specifics to share there.

Okay, JB, on the pressure on earnings from below the line. I think below the line is everything which is below the top line, if I understood well.

Okay, okay, got it. Yeah, well, yeah, because supply is pretty clear. You're right on it growing steadily. So I try to give a view that this step up, the main difference is really R&D. Of course, it's altered by the shape of the decrease in GenMed. But mainly, it's really the decision of going all in in developing the pipeline. And you've seen that we've not been or mainly we went just recently, you've seen two BD deals appearing, the one on TLA1, which is a great complement to our immunology story. And also in vaccine, the colleague Paul just presented, there are big potential. So in this endeavor to look for 3 to 5, 2 to 5 billion pixels, that's where we are. It's R&D, the main driver of the change.

than tax regulation changes?

Well, tax regulation changes, thank you, Eva, are a pillar too. As you know, we have a tax setup which had really improved a lot in the past five years, very steadily decreasing the effective tax rate. Well, with this minimum 15%, taxation, some of the players, and we are one of them, are hit by this change in regulation. Yes, that's the way it is. Thank you. Next question.

Next question from Peter Verdul from Citi.

Peter? Yeah, thanks. Peter Verdul, Citi. I wanted to talk more about the pipeline, but I'll probably have to wait until December given They share price reactions. So apologies, team. It's two on financial and commercial. Just again, just to go back to the guidance. I know Sanity doesn't guide on revenues, but in your prepared remarks, you did call out revenue growth expectations in 24. Can I push my luck and explore your comfort or the upside potential to where market expectations are currently, which is around mid-single-digit growth in 2024? And then secondly, Paul, just on, or JB, Bay Fortis in September at the launch, the message was, capacities are great. The demand has been phenomenal. Shortages are now being reported. So I just want to gauge how quickly you can ramp the capacities further near term, given that the analog benchmarks you were using are clearly sort of undercooking what's happening in reality. Thank you.

Thank you, Pete. Look forward to your questions in R&D day. Jamie, I'm not sure there's much to add, frankly, beyond 2024 on revenue growth.

We're not getting, but our confidence, I think you can feel it through the team. We are a growing story and a growth story, and that will happen. No, I don't think we can be more precise at that stage, but I think maybe on the 40s.

So, Thomas, maybe give you a little bit of time to talk about the incredible launch

Thank you very much, Pete. Great question. Yes, absolutely. We're very happy about the launch for before twos. Extremely excited by the reception of the product by the whole community, be it the providers, the payer, the public or private stakeholders have all played their part to make sure that there could be an accelerated uptake for the product. What does it mean concretely? It means that it's the unprecedented level of demand for any pediatric launch over the past 20 years. So, what does that mean? That means that all infant protection strategy works, and that's what people want, which is not the same that some other product can provide. It also means that it fits exactly what we have said in terms of the ability to be at the right price to make sure that it's accessible for everybody. Now, we're working for 2020 with the different stakeholders to make sure that the that are provided to market are used and that the maximum number of babies is protected. And as you pointed out, this unprecedented level of demand has created a challenge to be able to cope with the supply, which is manufactured by our partner, AstraZeneca, for the partnership. Right now, we're working with CDC and with the different countries like France and Spain to make sure that all the disease get allocated and used as fast as possible. And, of course, we're working with our partner, AstraZeneca, to make sure that we can extend the industrial network, identify further solutions to meet this exceptional demand, not just now but for the future.

Thank you, Thomas. Yeah, I mean, incredible launch. We've prepared well, developed the market, prepared well. Appetite is phenomenal. And, you know, we'll keep bringing more doses online. That's the plan. Okay, next question.

Next question from David Reisinger from Learing. David.

Yes, thanks very much. I have two questions, please, one on revenue and one on biopharma margins. First, could you please frame late-decade revenue growth prospects from the 2025 base? Should we be anticipating low single-digit revenue growth or mid-single-digit revenue growth? And then second, excluding consumer, in light of the company's biopharma operating margin as it stands today, and also 2025 prospects, has management and the board reconsidered operating its biopharma business in such a wide range of therapeutic areas, products, pipeline candidates, and geographies, and concentrating in more profitable biopharma franchises like Biopharma Peers. Thanks very much.

Okay. I mean, in terms of revenue growth, You know, I can hear your excitement, but there's nothing for us to share on that at all. You know, certainly not this stage. And then discussions around, if I've interpreted this correctly, around just focusing further by geography and TA. And I think being a... Well, sorry...

Yeah, to step back, sorry, to clarify, the company's biopharma operating margin is at the bottom end of peers globally. And so it seems like, you know, that's a business mix issue. And the company has a very wide range of, you know, activities in various therapeutic areas, various drugs, a wide range of pipeline candidates. a wide range of geographies. I'm just wondering if greater concentration would enhance shareholder value in the biopharma business.

All right, David, thank you for the clarification. Then just a quick comment on this. You know, we are focusing to be a pure play biopharma. The first thing we did, as you'll appreciate, is we doubled down on the R&D in the areas where we're already deployed. So the marginal cost to launch incremental vaccines, incremental biologics, of course, two pictures kept separate. You know, we have a moment to be able to have a low marginal cost to launch these assets over the future. That is how we intend to play. And so we've made sure in R&D that we're laddering up behind infrastructure that we already have or can develop, you know, efficiently. In the business itself, And I think Olivier touched a little bit on this. You know, he's got the launches and the core assets. And then if you like the legacy portfolio, because we have a wide portfolio, if you like, given the history of the company, between divestments and moving to digital and putting on carryover, we're making sure that we're actually focusing our efforts on where the growth opportunities are. So we may look wide. But in terms of if you follow the dollar against where the opportunities are, it's a much narrower list. I understand it's hard for you to see from where you are. I think it's one of the incredible things that the GenMed team have done. Close to 9,000 people have left GenMed over the past two or three years as we've gone in pursuit of making sure that we are laser guided on the growth opportunities. So that's a continuous process. We like that because that closes the operating margin gap over time and gets us to a good place. we make. All right, next question.

Yes, next question is from Gary from Exxon BNP. Gary?

We lost Gary.

With the phone, so maybe. Okay, let's go to the next for now. Next question is from Florence from Societe Generale. Florence?

Good afternoon. Can you hear me?

Yeah, we got you.

Good. Thank you very much for taking my questions. First question on 2025 and onwards. How confident are you to resume sustainable growth beyond 2025? In other words, any risk to see another... massive increase of the R&D budget. And also, could you give us a little bit of color on the operating profit margin profile? We understand that you no longer anticipate the target of 32% in 2025, but do you envisage to see some margin improvement in 2025 versus 2024 or eventually versus 2023? My second question for Julie is, Could you please remind us where you stand regarding the ERICs to OTC switch, the two projects on Tamiflu and Sialis, if you will be ready to, let's say, file next year or in 2025. Where are the clinical trials ongoing, please?

Thank you. Maybe a question about 25 and then also onwards. Do you think we'll improve our operating efficiency? I think that's the question. Yeah. In 2025 and beyond.

Yeah, I think you have seen in our deck on our presentation that we have released three buckets, and it's a second major step in the simplification and restructuring of the company to make it leaner. You know, we have things where we were late developing like core process modeling through hubs. We have set up a specific position in our XCOM to develop this at speed, and that will bring a new wave of efficiency. We have also decided to significantly restructure our commercial operations in-country to avoid duplication and be much more efficient. So those steps are very meaningful, Florent. They will, of course, participate not just in improving short-term profitability, but they will stay with us for the long-term to be a more efficient company. Thank you.

Thank you, Gilles, on the switches.

So thank you, Florent, for your question. On the switches, first maybe on Cialis, I mean, the update remains consistent with what I shared previously. The necessary studies are underway and we plan to discuss them with the FDA when they're complete and the data has been analyzed. For Tamiflu, we had several engagements with the FDA where they provided important feedback on the required studies and the overall program. And we're working collaboratively to incorporate that feedback and determine any impact. But so far, I cannot give you any specific update, but it continues. It remains a priority.

Yeah, I think that there's still a great path forward for both perhaps Cialis we're a bit more can be more transparent about because we can see it clearly after the latest conversations and the market opportunity for both is significant so as and when we get the updates we'll share but I think also they're very important value created moments in the future of CHC so I think perhaps that's why you asked it but they're still very real Okay, next question.

Next question is from Simon Baker from Redburn. Simon?

Thank you for taking my questions. Two, if I may, which revisit some earlier topics. On the issue of 2024 and the reduced expectations versus what we were looking for, you said that R&D was the major element, but I wonder if you could if you could quantify or give us some idea of the split between the three areas of developing the pipeline, commercialization and the GenMed pricing headwinds. And within that R&D piece, are we really looking purely at increased spend on D or are you convinced that you have the right research infrastructure for continued innovation within R&D? And then secondly, on consumer, going back to Florence's question, And in the past, some people have speculated that the timing of those RxOTC switches would impact the timing of the consumer spin. Is that true? Has that changed? And if there is a question of capturing the upside from those switches, does that impact the pathway that you will take for the divestment of the consumer business? So potentially, would you consider keeping a stake beyond an initial spin? Thanks so much.

Thanks, Simon. JB, the relative weight of the components on the 24 performance of R&D, commercial investments, GenMed, pricing, and perhaps even tax, which wasn't mentioned.

Well, tax is 100 bps, so that's well publicized. I would say, on a repeat, the bulk of it is a pipeline. Of course, we have also some other topics around GenMed, around as a standalone cost of consumer health, backing our launches, which are successful. So, all of this play a part. But remember, supply growth is untouched. Strong rebound from 25 onwards. On the D versus R. I would say that at an important point, and of course it's maybe more an answer for a woman, but from a financial point of view, in terms of risk appraisal, you've noticed that the bulk of our I&I pipeline is in its D phase, and we are going to double down on investing in a pretty high POS portfolio versus just increasing massively just ER. So that's an important thing to keep in mind when you look at our risk profile. And regarding the switches, it's not so much a binary piece, but we'll keep in mind everything you've said today, and it's interesting feedback, but it's really to say which route we would take. Excellent. Thank you, Herman.

Did you have anything to add?

Yeah, quickly, Simon, thank you for the question. So there's no doubt that we're going to double down on D internally. We're excited about D, including molecules like amyloid amide and small molecule TNF that Paul has already referred to. But I just want to double underline that actually we have huge confidence in our early pipeline, both internally, but also our external BD activity that will feed the pipeline. You'll have seen today at 7 a.m. EST announcement from Chimera, one of our partners, that the Chimera 474 molecule has just gone into phase two of our Act IV inhibition by hydradenivis separativa. So the short answer to your question is, while we are confident about our late stage development pipeline, we remain excited about our own internal and partnered activity. But we will be mindful through the reallocation of spending every dollar wisely. And that's the opportunity I've had when I started this. Thank you.

Yeah, thank you. I think, yeah, with the rank four they've just announced today, cameras, that's great news. That's another shot on goal we've got as we go into humans in HS. Okay. Any other questions?

Yes. Next question is from Simus Fernandez from Guggenheim. Simus?

Thanks for the question. So just two quick ones. Should we basically signal today's announcements as suggesting that you have enough in-house and that you're really investing on the internal side of the business going forward via the recently acquired pipeline? Or do you have further interest in going externally for deals? We've seen a lot of speculation that Sanofi has been extremely active in potential business development. And I guess the concern here is that that could also contribute meaningfully to R&D spend should you move towards especially high-cost I&I projects. acquisitions that are potentially dilutive to the business. So should we be thinking about that as R&D-oriented deals or potentially accretive deals if that's where Sanopi is playing? And then the second question is just really I think there is this assumption that you've basically kind of taken the consensus number for earnings down 13% to 15% in 2025. So I think a lot of the questions that folks are fielding right now are trying to get a sense of the magnitude of that earnings rebound and just how deep the BOI change is actually going. So if there's any color that you can offer on that, removing 32% doesn't necessarily mean that we're also guaranteeing about 31% or hopeful to achieve better than 30%. So any help there would be fantastic.

Thanks. Okay. Well, I think, firstly, on the question on the R&D spend, I think you sort of say, is it internal programs or are we made provision, if you like, to do M&A? I think it's just worth clarifying for everybody that we are, significantly increasing confidence in our own pipeline. We don't carry placeholders for just in case. We are very, very comfortable that we have a lot in our own pipeline that can deliver transformational value creation in the company, period. But that said, you know, we have to work very hard like we did with the recent Teva deal on the TL1A or the E. coli deal with that we have to, where we want to tuck something in, we have to make a little space for that to get it done. That's discipline. So I think it's also worth being clear, because we haven't given a number for 25, yes, we've increased some flexibility for us, but it would be a mistake for people to think that we're not maintaining or increasing discipline. The discipline and to continue to improve the operational efficiency of the company is an absolute priority. Absolute priority. But what we didn't do was dimensionalize it because we want to get on with the work and create the value. So, and I think you'll see that reveal itself over time, but today's not the day for that. So JB, is there anything to add?

I think it's important to repeat that we are keeping intact our capital allocation. of course, progressive dividend and so on and so forth, but on the organic growth. But I think we've demonstrated on the last two years that if we are looking at something opportunistic, it would not be highly dilutive and it has to be very well priced on the value generated for shareholders as of day one. So that's pretty clear. Now, on the margin, I think it's with a low decline, a slow decline, a small decline, sorry, in 2024, on a flattish without effective tax rate impact, it gives a very clear view from that base, 2025 will be a meaningful and a very strong rebound.

Yeah, and that strong rebound, I know everybody is would like to see us put a number on it and dimensionalize it. And it's already been mentioned on the call, the 32%, which we guided back in 2019. If you think how far we've come, I think what management is saying, fully supported by our board, is that We've earned the right for some flexibility, but it doesn't change our desire to run a more profitable, more valuable company. That simply hasn't changed. What we've done is given ourselves, we've widened the bookends to create more value. So I think if you think it's freestyle, I just want to correct any misunderstanding about that, because that is just simply not the case, if anything, for our leaders in the company. there is an acute awareness of our ability to demonstrate year on year and a more interesting, compelling operational story. So that is simply not going away. I recognize in your world, you can't put that in a model, but you have to understand in my world, I need to create the most value for shareholders and patients that possibly can. And that's why we find ourselves probably saying the same thing without being able to give you a number to reassure you. But we have to know that we're betting on ourselves in this moment. We have a lot of confidence in that. I think maybe we go to the last question.

Last question from Richard Vosser from JP Morgan.

Hi, thanks for taking my questions. Two, please. Just on the 500 million target, maybe you could give us a little bit of colour on the breakdown between Bayer Fortis, Altivio and T-Zielder. Clearly, mostly Bayer Fortis, but some idea there. And then just on Bayer Fortis, I think in the past you've talked about a three-year ramp to peak sales. Is that still intact with the supply? Or can we accelerate it if you can get CDMOs to make more of the product? Just some thoughts there. Thanks very much.

So, yeah, we moved the number on sales from 400 to 500. I think you've seen the – pardon? Oh, greater than. Thank you, Eva. Greater than. You can't see this, but this is why she sits next to me to remind me of the things that I missed. Greater than 500, and I think – I'm glad you reminded me of that. You've seen the three – you've seen the individual asset sales in Q3, and you can see the weight of them. And this is the magic about these three assets. The Bayfordus number, you know, could be very significant. But you go all the way through to Teasield, which at some point over the next year, two years, three years, when screening and everything is done, will start to become a big deal for this company. So their trajectories, I think you alluded to in the same part of the question, are not the same shape. So we've not said how we mix it up, but we just want you to know. I said it a bit earlier on about how good we are operationally. You know, we're doing that. That's H2 new sales of greater than 500. This company knows how to launch. I think there was some question mark of whether, other than Dupix and whether there was some rust on the launch machine. There is no rust on the launch machine, to be clear. So we know exactly where we stand. Tom, I think the second part was really around there's time to, to the ramp to peak, and because vaccines is very specific as well, and will you be impacted by this unprecedented demand?

No, great question, John, and you're rightfully pointing out to the fact that we said roughly three years or slightly more is about the peak sales ramp up for vaccines with the right uptake. I totally keep that in line. I think we are on a three-year trajectory for Pixels, so that's definitely confirmed. What's new with this level of unprecedented demand and our launching capabilities is that maybe the way we were looking at Pixels in the past is now to be updated. So definitely three years in terms of ramp-up, but maybe with a bigger potential in terms of Pixels.

Yeah, it's interesting you say that because I think what we've learned Of course, you'd rather have perfect supply, but what we learned from all the dialogue is the number of parents and even pediatricians recommending or choosing is more than you could possibly have expected, which tells us that the total is going to be very significant indeed, and the shape may have a little bit of give and take in it, but we'll get to a very different number than we imagined at the beginning. I think that's fair, right? Yeah. Listen, by way of just closing this out for us, I think it's very important to be clear, and I said this to the board just a day or two ago, that we have reached the point where we believe we can create more value by taking this approach. And we understand there's some short-term disappointment. You want to be able to model. You want to have certainty. The price for certainty for us is not maximizing the long-term value of the company. So we take it and we carry it. And, you know, I have to look at that and I look at the share price reaction. And, you know, whilst disappointing on the day, I have to fully understand our work is to get it done, to get to R&D day, to show you why we're excited, show you why we bet. Because if you ask me, would I take this situation back in 19 when JP and I were rolling the strategy out? The answer is we would. But we've come a long way, but we still have a long way to go. And so while we have a lot to prove and we'll take it now, we have cost discipline. We believe in the long-term sales growth potential. And those two things together with an improving probability of success in R&D and an operational alpha on launches, means that we can really do something very special here. So I accept that people have said it's a lot of news, a lot to take in, but doubling down to become a pure play biopharma and respectfully exiting consumer, separating rather at some point, is an important part of the sort of obsessive focus on creating value. in pharma, that's where we are. It's the first time this company will be able to be in that situation. So look, we take it what it is today and we'll show you why it was the right decision. So thank you everybody for joining the call. Thank you.