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spk08: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the TFF Pharmaceuticals Third Quarter 2023 Corporate Update and Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to our host, Corey Davis of LifeSciAdvisors. You may begin your conference.
spk02: Thank you, Operator. Hello, everyone, and welcome to TFF Pharmaceuticals' third quarter 2023 Corporate Update and Earnings Conference Call. With me on the line this afternoon are Dr. Harlan Weissman, Chief Executive Officer of TFF Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Zamaneh Mekak, Chief Medical Officer, and Kirk Coleman, Chief Financial Officer. Before we get started, I'd like to remind everyone that this call will contain forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements about the anticipated timing of achievement of clinical milestones. the potential to see positive effects in our Phase II studies, a number of treated patients necessary to make decisions in regards to moving to Phase III studies, the market opportunity for our product candidates, and the expected timeframe for funding operations with cash and cash equivalents. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. Factors that could cause actual results to differ are described in all of our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Risk Factors section of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. Now it's my pleasure to turn the call over to Dr. Harlan Weissman.
spk06: Go ahead, Harlan.
spk03: Thank you, Corey, and good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us for our third quarter 2023 Corporate Update and Earnings Conference Call. Last quarter, we detailed the considerable progress that we've made across a number of key areas in our ongoing phase two studies of TFF-4E and TFF-TAC. Based on these accomplishments and subsequent progress, we continue to expect initial clinical data from the phase two studies by year end. Assuming results from both trials are positive, we believe these initial data will serve as a major catalyst for our company by providing the strongest evidence to date of how thin film freezing can improve drug safety and efficacy in two rare disease patient populations. In anticipation of these data readouts, I'd like to spend most of our time on today's call discussing how TFF defines clinical success for both programs. We will therefore spend time reviewing what endpoints will be presented and their clinical relevance within the context of these two rare disease indications. Our Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Zamaneh Mekak, will lead this discussion in a moment. Following her remarks, our Chief Financial Officer, Kirk Coleman, will review our third quarter results. We'll then open up the call for Q&A. Before turning the call over to Zaminé, I would like to briefly note that we continue to closely manage our expenses while prioritizing how we allocate our capital resources. In August, we closed a $5.7 million equity financing, providing us with sufficient funding to reach the initial data readouts for the TFF 4E and TFS TAG programs and extending our runway into the second quarter of 2024. Anticipating positive data from these studies, we continue to review our longer-term capital planning efforts as we think about advancing our two clinical programs into registration-enabling studies. To that end, our 2023 proxy statement contains two voting items that are critical for executing our corporate strategy over the next several months, including a request to increase the company's stock authorization and a request to implement a reverse stock split should the Board determine that it's necessary. Respectively, these two initiatives could significantly facilitate future fundraising efforts and ensure that we remain in compliance with NASDAQ listing requirements. We hope to have your support for both of these two important voting items. With that, I'll now turn the call over to Zaminet who will preview our upcoming data readouts for TFF-4E and TFF-TAC Phase II programs. Zaminé?
spk07: Thank you, Harlan. As Harlan mentioned, I'm pleased to review with you the type of initial data we plan to share by year-end for the TFF-4E and TFF-TAC Phase II studies, focusing on the endpoints, their clinical relevance, and the definition of success. I'll start with Tiafafori. Let's begin with the unmet medical need and the value proposition for Tiafafori. Tiafafori is being developed as a potential treatment for pulmonary fungal infections, including pulmonary aspergillosis, starting with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, or IPA. IPA is a life-threatening fungal lung infection that primarily affects immunocompromised patients, such as patients with hematologic malignancies or individuals who receive solid organ or stem cell transplantation. Oraconazole is first-line therapy for patients with IPA. However, when administered orally or intravenously, oraconazole is associated with high rates of toxicity and drug-drug interactions. The most common toxicities associated with boriconazole resulting in its discontinuation include liver toxicity, visual disturbances, and rashes. Other potential serious toxicities are arrhythmias, QT prolongation, and photosensitivity. Drug-drug interactions represent another significant limitation of oral and intravenous boriconazole. Boriconazole can increase or decrease the levels of other drugs needed for the treatment of the patient's underlying illness, such as chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive agents, driving these drugs to subtherapeutic or toxic levels, respectively. Not surprisingly, the high rates of toxicity and drug-drug interactions lead to a poor prognosis. Patients with IPA have a 12-week mortality rate of approximately 30%. which clearly represents a significant unmet medical need for this rare disease. There are approximately 250,000 patients globally with invasive aspergillosis, which we believe represents a significant opportunity for TFF40. Thin-film freezing technology enables us to address this opportunity by delivering boriconazole directly into the lungs where the IPA infection resides. Through localized delivery, we hope to drive efficacy while minimizing the patient's systemic exposure and, thus, systemic toxicities and drug-drug interactions. Our decision to advance TFF worry into Phase II testing was based upon acceptable safety and tolerability results in Phase I studies and positive efficacy results in two patients with pulmonary fungal infections treated with TFF worry on a compassionate use basis. The phase 1A study with 65 healthy volunteers and the phase 1B study with 16 mild asthmatics demonstrated that doses up to 80 milligrams twice a day were well tolerated and showed no signs of the toxicities commonly reported for oral and intravenous furoconazole. Results from the two compassionate use patients were also favorable. Both patients had a history of recurrent pulmonary fungal infections and systemic toxicities from available antifungal standard of care therapies. As a result of treatment with TF-A4E, lung function stabilized, as shown in the middle chart. Lung lesions improved, as shown on the chart to the far right. And fungal infection cleared. Aspergillus in one patient, fetus spora in the other patient. In both cases, There was no need for hospitalization. Treatment with TFR4E resulted in no drug-drug interactions and no adverse events were reported. Based on the favorable results from the Phase I studies and the two compassionate use patients, a Phase II study was initiated in Europe. The ongoing Phase II trial is a randomized, open-label study evaluating TFR4E versus oral voriconazole. The duration of treatment is 13 weeks, and the trial endpoints include safety and tolerability, clinical, radiologic, and mycologic responses, as well as all-cause mortality. Before entering the 13-week treatment period, patients are screened to establish the diagnosis of proven or probable IPA. During the screening process, we gain an understanding of the patient's underlying condition that renders them immunocompromised and makes them vulnerable to fungal infections like IPA. We confirm that the patient's infection is indeed caused by aspergillus by visualizing aspergillus under the microscope or growing it in culture or by detecting its DNA or by detecting galactomanin, which is a piece of the cell wall of aspergillus that can break off and enter the bloodstream. We document the signs and symptoms caused by the infection with Aspergillus, such as fever, chest pain, coughing up blood, and shortness of breath, and record their severity. We examine the impact of the infection on lung function through spirometry, which is a test of how much air the patient can inhale or exhale and how fast. For example, FEV1 of forced expiratory volume 1 which measures the maximum amount of air a patient can forcefully exhale in one second, can be decreased in the setting of IPA. Finally, we assess the impact of the infection on lung structures through chest CT imaging and look for abnormalities such as nodules or spots in the lung or cavities. The parameters that establish the disease status at baseline, such as evidence of infection, signs and symptoms, lung function, and lung structure abnormalities form the endpoints of this study. Overall treatment response is assessed by mycologic response, defined as clearance of the aspergillus infection, by clinical response, defined as improvement in signs and symptoms or lung function via spirometry, and or by radiologic response, defined as improvement in lung structure via chest CT. Once through the screening process, patients enter the treatment period of the trial and are randomized in a three-to-one ratio to receive either 80 milligrams of TFR-40 twice a day or 200 milligrams or Ovoraconazole twice daily. Patients are followed closely for emergence of adverse events, including all-cause mortality, to assess safety and tolerability. In addition, clinical assessments are conducted through the 13-week treatment period for signs and symptoms, lung function, and galactomanin. Chest CTs repeated after 8 weeks and 13 weeks of treatment to detect improvements in lung structural abnormalities. Now, I'd like to briefly discuss our Expanded Access Program, or EAP. We launched our EAP in July in partnership with Durbin to provide access to Tiafafluori for patients in need who do not qualify for our ongoing Phase II study. The EAP provides 12 weeks of treatment with TAFLA-4E to patients who have limited or no other treatment options or who have had an unfavorable response to adequate standard of care therapy. As you can see, our EAP encompasses many forms of pulmonary aspergillosis and also includes patients who have pulmonary fungal infections other than aspergillosis that are responsive to treatment with boroconazole. Our U.S. expanded access protocol was submitted to the FDA late last spring, and the EAP is now open in the U.S., Canada, Australia, the U.K., and select EU countries. Together, we expect our Phase II trial and EAP will provide meaningful evidence for the potential of CFR40 for the treatment of pulmonary fungal infections. Given the considerable amount of historical safety and efficacy data with vericonazole in this rare disease indication, we anticipate data from approximately 10 patients will be sufficient to guide a Phase III go-no-go decision. We plan to share initial data from a subset of these patients by year-end and a more complete data set by the end of first quarter 2024. The year-end data will include assessment of safety, tolerability, and treatment response. A mycologic response will be defined by no evidence of aspergillus in the assays performed post-treatment, for example, a decreased or non-detectable galactomanin. A clinical response will be defined as improvement in signs and symptoms and or lung function measures, such as FEV1. A radiologic response will be defined by improvement in the abnormal findings on chest CT, such as the number and or size of nodules or spots or cavities, etc. So, How do we define success for TFF-4E? We define success as an overall decrease in toxicities commonly seen with oral or intravenous furoconazole, a decrease in drug-drug interactions compared with historical data, and evidence of mycologic, clinical, and or radiologic response after 12 or 13 weeks of treatment with TFF-4E in the majority of patients. Now, I'd like to discuss our TFF-TAC Phase II program. TFF-TAC is being developed to address a significant unmet need in lung transplant rejection. By way of background, tacrolimus is a first-line calcineurin inhibitor indicated for the prevention of rejection in lung transplant. However, there are well-known significant toxicities associated with the oral and intravenous formulation. TFS-TAC has been designed using thin-film freezing to deliver an inhaled form of T-columnus directly into the lung, which is the site of inflammation against the transplanted organ, to drive efficacy through immune suppression locally while limiting systemic exposures and systemic toxicities. Similar to TFS-4E, TFS-TAC addresses a high unmet medical need. Patients receiving a lung transplant have an expected five-year mortality rate of approximately 50% due to oral tachymers' narrow therapeutic index. Too little immune suppression leads to acute rejection or chronic rejection leading to chronic lung allograft dysfunction or CLAD, whereas too much immune suppression leads to infections, chronic kidney disease, and post-transplant malignancies. There are approximately 40,000 lung transplant patients globally, which represents a significant opportunity to introduce a therapy such as TFF-TAC with the potential to improve upon the current standard of care. Similar to TFF-4E, the decision to advance TFF-TAC into Phase II testing was supported by strong preclinical and Phase I data, which demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability and an attractive differentiated pharmacokinetic profile compared to the oral tacrolimus. Our preclinical data demonstrated a favorable distribution of tacrolimus, showing high concentrations of the drug in the blood relative to systemic blood levels. In our phase 1 study in healthy subjects, daily dosing of up to 5 milligrams in a single dose and 1.5 milligrams in repeated doses were generally well-tolerated. Our ongoing Phase II trial of TSF-TAC is an open-label, single-arm study in lung transplant patients who require reduced tacrolimus blood levels due to kidney toxicity. The study is designed in two parts. Part A is a 12-week treatment period, and Part B is an optional safety expansion period. Prior to receiving treatment, patients go through a two-week screening period to collect several baseline measurements. Baseline kidney function is documented and bronchoscopy is performed to make sure patients do not have a lung infection. A biopsy sample taken during bronchoscopy is used for genomics analysis to look for baseline signs of acute rejection. Spirometry is performed to assess the patient's lung function. Blood is drawn to measure donor-derived cell-free DNA, which serves as a non-invasive biomarker of stress or injury to the transplanted lung due to rejection. Finally, lung imaging is performed to look for infection, inflammation, and damage from chronic rejection. Once screening is completed, patient's oral tacrolimus is stopped, and patients enter the 12-week treatment period with TFR-TAC. Clinicians then monitor tacrolimus blood levels and adjust the dose of TSF-TAC as needed to achieve tacrolimus blood levels that are approximately two-thirds to one-half of the patient's blood levels on oral tacrolimus. These blood levels are expected to be high enough to avoid rejection, but low enough to reduce toxicities. Following the treatment period, the same endpoints measured during the screening phase are reassessed, including spirometry for lung function, bronchoscopy and biopsy for genomics analysis, and donor-derived cell-free DNA for signs of stress or injury to the transplanted lung. Safety and tolerability are assessed throughout the study, including assessment of kidney function through glomerular infiltration rate and creatinine levels. Patients are then given the option to enter the trial's open-label expansion. Similar to oral oroconazole, there exists a significant amount of historical patient safety and efficacy data for oral tacrolimus. We therefore believe that clinical data from approximately 10 patients will be sufficient to help us determine a Phase III go-no-go decision. We plan to share initial data from a subset of these patients by year-end and a more complete data set by the end of the first quarter, 2024. So again, how do we define success for TFR-TAC at this stage? Because TFR-TAC delivers tacrolimus directly into the lungs, we expect to achieve a higher concentration of tacrolimus in the lung relative to the systemic circulation. As a result, we expect to provide immune suppression sufficient to prevent rejection at lower systemic exposures, that is, at lower cost of systemic toxicities. We define success as the ability to transition patients from oral tacrolimus to TFL-TAC, achieve tacrolimus blood levels that are approximately two-thirds to one-half of the patient's blood levels on oral tacrolimus, prevent rejection at these diminished tacrolimus blood levels while stabilizing kidney function. As mentioned, bronchoscopy and biopsy will be repeated at the end of the treatment period. Genomic analysis of the biopsy sample will inform presence or absence of rejection. Blood will be obtained and assessed for donor-derived cell-free DNA to look for injury and stress to the transplanted lung and other potential sign of rejection. Lung function will be assessed as well as glomerular filtration rate and creatinine to understand kidney function. That concludes my presentation on the upcoming data readouts for our TFF 40 and TFF tax programs. I'll now turn the call over to Kirk to review our third quarter financial results. Kirk?
spk00: Thank you very much, Aminat. Our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30th, 2023 were $9.7 million. Based on gross proceeds of $5.7 million received from the financing transaction that closed on August 17th, Our current cash runaway is expected to fund operations into the second quarter of 2024. We will remain mindful of our capital resources and continue to monitor our expenses to ensure we are only spending on our core activities. Research and development expenses for the third quarter of 2023 were $2.4 million compared to $4 million for the comparable period in 2022. The $1.6 million decrease year over year is primarily a result of reduced clinical and manufacturing expenses. General administrative expenses for the third quarter of 2023 were $2.3 million compared to $3.3 million for the comparable period in 2022. The $1 million decrease year over year is primarily related to decreased professional fees, patent expenses, insurance, consulting, market research, payroll, and related expenses. A net loss for the third quarter of 2023 of $4.4 million compared to a net loss of $7.3 million for the comparable period in 2022. And now I'll turn the call back over to Harlan.
spk03: Thank you, Kurt. I hope today's call has provided you with a clear understanding of our TFF-LORI and TFF-TAC Phase II trial designs, clinical endpoints, and most importantly, with the value we hope to bring to patients who are suffering from these two rare diseases. I think it's also worth mentioning once again that relative to clinical programs involving new chemical entities, we believe the development risk associated with the TFF4E and TFF-TAC programs is significantly reduced given the well-established historical data available for these molecules. Generating positive results in our Phase II studies will further validate our technology and demonstrate how our lead pipeline assets, TFF-4E and TFF-TAC, represent significant improvements over the current standard of care. I would like to thank our shareholders for your continued support and confidence in TFF Pharmaceuticals, and we look forward to updating you on our progress throughout the rest of the year. That concludes our formal remarks, and I'd now like to open the call up for the question and answer session. Operator?
spk08: Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question and answer session. If you have a question, please press the star followed by the one on your touchtone phone. You will hear a three-tone prompt acknowledging your request. Questions will be taken in the order received. Should you wish to cancel your request, please press the star followed by the two. If you are using a speakerphone, please lift the handset before pressing any keys. Your first question is from Jonathan Ashok from ROC. Please ask your question.
spk05: Thank you. Good afternoon, guys. I know that you're not giving precise enrollment or any enrollment update. What can you qualitatively say about how enrollment has improved, you know, between now and second quarter call, specifically for VORI?
spk03: Jonathan, hi. And thanks for your question. I'll turn that over to Zominay.
spk07: Hi, Jonathan. Thanks for the question. We have 95% of our sites active at this point. and 90% of them are actively pre-screening. Because of that, our enrollment rate has increased very significantly, and now we match what is generally the enrollment rate in IPA Phase II clinical trials. You know, to enroll a clinical trial, you need to have active sites. That is, you need to have hospitals with investigators, sub-investigators, study coordinators, nurses, pharmacists that are fully trained in the conduct of the study, and you have to have the right equipment there for measuring safety and efficacy parameters. And then you have to have drug on-site for dosing the patients. We spent pretty much the first half of 2023 activating our clinical trial sites and then amending our protocol to broaden eligibility and also to change the randomization ratio from one to one to three to one to increase access to Tiafapori through the clinical trial. And through all of these efforts now, we see the active sites participating in pre-screening very effectively. And as a result of that, we're on track to communicate initial data that's available to us by year end, and then a more complete data set by the end of Q1 2024. Thank you.
spk05: What does the size of your Phase 2 program say about what we might expect for Phase 3 enrollment numbers?
spk06: In terms of enrollment rate.
spk07: What was that? Sure. In terms of enrollment rate.
spk05: Enrollment numbers, size of the trial.
spk07: I see. The size of the trial is something that we are still working on. And ultimately, we will need to have FDA feedback before we can finalize any particular type of plan. No matter what the size of the trial, what we expect is that the enrollment rate for the Phase 3 would be, in general, faster than enrollment for Phase 2. That's generally the case in Phase 3 trials because especially if all-cause mortality or any type of mortality is part of the endpoints of the study, you allow patients that are generally sicker into the study, and by the time you are doing a Phase 3, you have more clinical data, and that helps in general with enrollment, with investigators and patients participating. So generally speaking, we expect enrollment rates to be higher for our Phase 3, but in terms of the total sample size and what the number would be, we really have to finalize that after we've had FDA interactions.
spk05: Okay, so you said 10 patients is enough for your go or no-go Phase 3 decision, but you know, does 10 patients need, you know, is 10 patients, you know, something that's also sufficient to be able to have an end-to-phase two meeting, you know, with the FDA and get their sign-off for a phase three program design?
spk08: Sure. Harlan, I take that one.
spk06: Yes, please. So,
spk07: We anticipate that data from approximately 10 patients will be sufficient for us to hold a meeting with the FDA to present our thoughts and questions and to get feedback on the phase three trial design. We really go back to the concept that Vorticonazole is not a new chemical entity. There is a great deal of safety, tolerability, and efficacy data about boriconazole or trichromis for that matter. We know these are active drugs, active ingredients with desired pharmacodynamic effects. And also, we know that we're in two rare indications. So because of that, we believe the data from 10 patients will be quite informative, and it will allow us to interact with the FDA, get feedback, We plan to do that as early as possible and as often as possible, such that we come to a phase three design that's efficient and optimized for the indication.
spk05: Okay, so this is the first time that you're saying, you know, year end 23 first, some amount of data and one quarter 24 for more data. This is for VORI in particular. I don't think you said that about TAC. You know, what's going to be the difference? in those two data releases? Is, you know, one Q24 going to be more patients with the same parameters, or are you going to have different parameters on the same number of patients? You know, how are the two data releases going to differ?
spk07: Sure, sure. It's a combination. We expect to have data on a subset of patients by year end. and present all the data we have. So some patients will have finished the 12 weeks of treatment, and some patients will have finished eight weeks, and some will have finished four weeks, and some will have finished two weeks of treatment. So we will present all the data that we have on the subset of patients, and then we will have a more complete data set with the approximately 10 patients and the parameters that we discussed by the end of first quarter 2024.
spk05: Okay, so it's highly likely, you know, more likely than not that you won't have 10 patients by the end of this year, but you'll have them by the end of 21st quarter. Is that accurate?
spk06: That is accurate. All right. Thank you very much.
spk08: Thank you. Your next question is from Justin Walsh from Jones Training. Please ask your question.
spk01: Hi, thanks for taking the questions. I guess a couple related to the data release and your potential end of phase two meeting with the FDA. I'm just trying to get a sense of what expectations people should be thinking about with respect to the level of efficacy that they would be looking for. and maybe what other forms of either adverse events or safety concerns that the FDA might be looking out for. Like you mentioned, both boriconazole and tacrolimus are very well known, so they know the overall profile, but I don't know if there's something maybe more specific with an inhalable formulation that they'll want to have information on. So any more details on that would be helpful.
spk03: Justin, thank you for the question. And again, Dominique, that seems that you're best positioned to answer that.
spk07: Sure. With respect to safety and tolerability, there are certainly certain adverse events that are very common when you use oral or intravenous boriconazole. Then three top reasons for discontinuing boriconazole is hepatic toxicity. Liver function tests go up three, four, five times the upper limit of normal. And at some point, physicians decide whether their patient has signs and symptoms of hepatic toxicity. This is getting too uncomfortable, and they stop oral or intravenous voriconazole. Visual disturbances are quite uncomfortable for patients. It's a very common reason for discontinuing treatment. Rashes are very common. So we will certainly, we are certainly looking for all of these types of adverse events and following those and we expect to certainly report on adverse events in a comparative way compared with the historical data. With respect to what types of signs and symptoms might be common to or might happen with inhaled therapy, certainly with any type of inhaled therapy, you look for evidence of bronchospasm or uncontrollable cough or things of the sort. And certainly we follow those and we also plan to report on those in the upcoming data release. We will report what we have. We will report the data that's available to us by the end of this year and share that both in terms of safety, tolerability, and efficacy. It will be in a subset of patients. And as I mentioned, patients will have been treated for varying amounts of times. We believe what we present will be directionally informative in the same way that the two compassionate use patients that we originally presented was very informative. So, we expect that that will
spk01: form the base of then the data or the more complete data set that we'll share by the end of first quarter 2024. great thanks and and just one more for me um obviously the the big focus has been on rightly so on tfs 4e and tf attack but maybe just provide a quick commentary on on some of the other work that you guys have been doing and maybe some other things that you might be excited about, possible applications of thin film freezing that you'd like to highlight.
spk03: Yeah, so I'll take that one. Well, we're continuing our collaborations with pharma and biotech companies, and we've been able to demonstrate that the technology has utility in creating dry powder formulations for a variety of molecules, like monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, RNAs, other biologics, as well as small molecules. As an example, last week we announced the publication of results of our collaboration with Aptar Pharma, where we used the TFF process to convert a monoclonal antibody into an aerosolizable dry powder. that we could deliver into the posterior nasal cavity using the after-unit dose nasal spray system. But, Justin, it's important to emphasize that it's too early to say whether any of these collaborations will result in a meaningful business opportunity for the company. And we view all of them as a potential upside to the tremendous potential of TFF4E and TFFTAC.
spk06: Great. Thanks for taking the questions.
spk08: Thank you. Your next question is from Daniel Carlson from Tailwinds. Please ask your question.
spk04: Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Just on VORI and TAC, I know cash is tight. At some point, if you had to make a choice between the programs, how would you decide which one to move forward on?
spk03: Yeah. Hi, Dan. And thanks for participating and asking your question. Well, of course, we'd like to go forward with both programs. But we're going to let the data drive our decisions. We all have to consider the potential for each commercially, things like acute versus chronic treatment, the competitive environment. It also is going to depend on interactions with the FDA. and our ability to raise appropriate funds for both programs.
spk04: Gotcha. Okay. And then you had an SBIR grant for, I think, $3 million for a universal flu vaccine program. Can you talk about the status of that?
spk03: Sure. This is a collaborative research program with the Cleveland Clinic. It's well underway. Although the goal of the program is to develop an IND-ready vaccine, that's probably three years away. The initial work is focused on developing formulations. And once we've completed this formulation work, we'll begin animal testing. It's important to say that the program underscores the recognition of our technology with entities such as the NIH. ability to create thin film freezing formulations, which can be applied broadly, including in this program for universal off-the-shelf vaccine. And it's also a perfect example of the potential for additional non-dilutive financing.
spk06: Gotcha. Okay. Thanks, guys. Appreciate the update. Thank you. Thanks, Dan.
spk08: Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I will now hand the call back to Harlan for closing remarks.
spk03: Well, once again, I appreciate all the participants in today's call and hearing our update, particularly Appreciate the support of our investors who have had faith in us, and we're looking forward to presenting the initial data from our clinical programs at the end of the year.
spk06: Thank you, and good evening.
spk08: Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, the conference has now ended. Thank you all for joining. You may all disconnect.
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