United Therapeutics Corporation

Good morning and welcome to the United Therapeutics Corporation fourth quarter 2023 earnings webcast. My name is David and I will be your conference operator today. All participants on the call of the webcast will be in listen-only mode until the question and answer portion of the earnings call. If you would like to ask a question during that time, simply press star and one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Dewey Steadman, Head of Investor Relations at United Therapeutics.

Thank you, Dave, and good morning. It's my pleasure to welcome you to the United Therapeutics Corporation fourth quarter 2023 earnings webcast. Remarks today will include forward-looking statements representing our expectations or beliefs regarding future events. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. Our latest SEC filings, including Forms 10-K and 10-Q, contain additional information on these risks and uncertainties. We assume no obligation to update those forward-looking statements. Today's remarks also may discuss the progress and results of clinical trials or other developments with respect to our products. These remarks are intended solely to educate investors and are not intended to serve as the basics for medical decision-making or to suggest that any products are safe and effective for any unapproved or investigational uses. Full prescribing information for the products are available on our website. Accompanying me on today's call are Dr. Martine Rothblatt, our Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer, Michael Bigwitz, our President and Chief Operating Officer, James Edgman, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, Dr. Lee Peterson, our Executive Vice President of Product Development and Xenotransplantation, and Pat Poisson, our Executive Vice President of Technical Operations. Note that James and I will be participating in one-on-one meetings at the 2023 UBS European Healthcare Conference on February 27th in London. Michael James and I will participate in a fireside chat and one-on-one meetings at the TD Cowan Healthcare Conference on March 5th in Boston. And Pat Poisson and I will participate in a fireside chat and one-on-one meetings at the Lyric Partners Global Biopharma Conference on March 12th in Miami. Our scientific, commercial, and medical affairs teams will present at the American College of Cardiology 73rd Scientific Sessions April 6th through 8th in Atlanta, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, April 10th through 13th in Prague, and the American Thoracic Society International Conference on May 17th through 22nd in San Diego. And now I will turn the call or the webcast over to Dr. Rothblatt for an overview of our fourth quarter 2023 financial results and the business activities of United Therapeutics. Martin?

Thank you, Dewey. Good morning, everyone, and a good day to those who are on the other side of the oceans. Congratulations to the 1,200 Unitharians who work tirelessly every day to help us achieve our third straight quarter of record revenue and our second straight year of record revenue. We yet again achieve 20% plus quarterly and annual revenue growth for the fourth quarter and the full year On top of our record performance in the fourth quarter of 2023, earlier this year we received important external validation of the value of our Tyveso DPI business through a royalty transaction executed by our partners at Mankind Corporation. To put it simply, Mankind sold a tenth of their 10% royalty payment stream from us which equates to 1% of Tyveso DPI sales, and they sold it to Sagar Healthcare Partners for $150 million plus other milestones. That implies an external valuation of the entirety of the Tyveso DPI revenue stream of $15 billion before even factoring in the additional potential milestones. That's well above the current market cap for our entire business. And importantly, this transaction valuation is far above the Wall Street valuation of our entire company as a whole and is for only one of our many products. At United Therapeutics, we talk about being positioned for three waves of growth. And let's dive into the many reasons why we're so confident in our business. Our first wave of growth will come through our existing commercial business, led by Tyveso in PHILD. We continue to post solid growth in our current business, with our third consecutive quarter of record revenues for Tyveso and revenue growth for our U.S. remodeling business, despite the presence of competition on the market for the past five years. Our growth in PHILD and continued leadership in pulmonary arterial hypertension, also known as PAH, has led our nebulized Tyveso and our Tyveso DPI products combining to become the most prescribed prostacyclin therapy in the United States. Michael will go into detail on this exciting aspect of our commercial business. Our second wave of growth will come from our near-term pipeline, led by the Teton Studies in Pulmonary Fibrosis and the Advanced Outcomes Study of Relenopeg in PAH. These programs should enable us to continue our double-digit annual growth trend through the second half of the decade. I will provide updates on the Teton and Relenopeg programs shortly. Of course, both our first and second waves of growth are subject to clinical trial outcomes, regulatory approvals, new competitive entrance, and the potential impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act. But we feel good about our prospects for meeting these revenue growth targets. Our third wave of sustainable growth will come through the development, manufacture, and widespread use of manufactured organs and organ technologies to provide a solution to patients suffering from end-stage kidney, lung, heart, and liver disease. Now, moving to our near-term pipeline and second wave of growth, we have four key registration trials underway. Three TETON studies for pulmonary fibrosis and the Advanced Outcome Study for Relenopeg and Oral Therapy for Group 1 PAH. We also advanced our mural liver ELAP program toward the clinic with a recent and historic IND clearance by the FDA. Moving to Teton, we believe IPF represents a 100,000 patient opportunity in the United States with only two approved therapies that nearly slow lung function decline. Both TTON1 and TTON2 are enrolling patients, and at this time, we are aiming for full enrollment in both studies with 576 patients each by the end of this calendar year. Likewise, we believe PPF, or progressive pulmonary fibrosis, represents a 60,000-patient opportunity in the U.S. alone, And this disease is quite distinct from IPF or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. One of the two FDA-approved IPF therapies is also approved for PPF. And as in IPF, it only slows the decline of lung function in these fragile patients. The Teton PPF study dosed its first patients in the fourth quarter of 2023, right on schedule. And we expect this trial to enroll 698 patients. We believe there is a high probability of success in the three TITAN studies based on the IPF subset analysis of the increased study of nebulized tyveso in PHILD patients. Unlike the two IPF studies that are already on the market, Nebulized tibiaso in a safety endpoint showed an improvement, an improvement, actual improvement of lung function in the subset of patients that had IPF along with their pulmonary hypertension. That just gives so many people so much hope. Now let's move on to Relenopeg and our advanced outcome study in Group 1 PAH, which continues to enroll patients, and we expect completion of the study in 2025. We are in fact targeting 700 to 1,000 patients in this study, depending on the pace of accruing clinical worsening events. Relenopeg is a next-generation selective and potent prostacyclin receptor agonist, which we are developing as a once-daily oral therapy for PAH. We believe Relenopeg's once-daily dosing sustained release profile, and titratability could position it favorably against the other oral prostacyclin receptor agonists on the market, as well as other therapies for PAH patients. Relenoped provides 24-hour coverage with higher potency than the other oral prostacyclin agonists, as demonstrated by in vitro assays, and Relenopeg significantly demonstrated more than 20% improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance in a Phase II study. A long-term Phase II open-label study of Relenopeg also showed sustained improvement in six-minute walk distance out to more than two years. A manuscript recently published in the journal Advances in Therapy describes these exciting findings. Now, while we and others have made progress at extending lives and improving patient outcomes through tryprosinol and other therapies, the only known cure for PAH remains a lung transplant. That also is the case for IPF. The problem for PAH, IPF, and many other patients with end-stage organ disease is that there aren't enough donors and transplantable organs available to address the need. And for many organ donations, One life sadly must be lost to save another. We believe the best solution to this problem is to create a supply, an unlimited supply, of tolerable, transplantable, manufactured organs. Even better, with an unlimited supply of organs, transplant can become a consideration for therapy in countless end-stage organ diseases for which there are few good treatment options. Accordingly, We have been developing several investigational approaches using multiple technologies with different organs, all with this same goal in mind. The first is our ex vivo lung perfusion service, or EVLP, which has led to over 380 lives saved with lungs that have undergone EVLP in our facilities in Silver Spring, Maryland, and at the Mayo Clinic Jacksonville campus. Beyond EVLP, we have four platforms, xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, 3D biome printing, and bioartificial organs. These four platforms cover four key organs, lung, heart, kidney, and liver. Starting with xenotransplantation, we continue to work with the FDA on a clinical path forward. We're underway with what we call pivotal preclinical studies in baboons at the request of the agency. Specifically, for our 10-gene program, we expect the last preclinical xenokidney transplant to occur in the first half of 24. We expect to meet with the agency later this year to discuss the IND and clinical protocol for human studies for 10-gene xeno organs. In parallel with the pivotal preclinical studies, the construction of our clinical scale designated pathogen-free facility, or DPF, in Virginia is complete, and we dedicated the facility earlier this month. We expect the facility to begin receiving pigs this quarter and for the facility to grow its population through the balance of 2024 in preparation for clinical studies in humans for both xenokidneys and xenoharts. Super, super exciting and wow, just breathing so much hope into the entire transplant space. Last month, we received FDA clearance of our investigational new drug application that allows the mural liver elapse system to enter human clinical trials. By the way, this non-registration study will be the first ever clinical study of a bioengineered organ. Mural liver ELAP is an external liver assist product, or ELAP, that is designed to provide liver support in the critical care setting. Acute liver failure is a devastating condition with no approved therapies. A liver transplant is often the only way to save these patients. The ELAP is intended to give the patient's liver a chance to heal itself, possibly reducing the need for liver transplantation. We look forward to providing more details on this program in the coming quarters. I'm thrilled that we're in such a great position at United Therapeutics. We have a solid commercial business posting record results with continued strong growth ahead, a pipeline of novel therapies that continue our strong double-digit revenue growth, and a long-term plan to address one of the largest critical unmet medical needs in medicine, all while helping our patients, employees, and shareholders succeed. I'll now turn the call over to our president, Michael Benkiewicz, who will give an overview of our commercial performance and expectations for potential competition this year. Michael?

Thank you, Martine, and good morning, everyone. As Martine noted, today we recorded our highest revenue quarter ever at $615 million, up 25% from the fourth quarter of 2022, and record annual revenues of more than $2.3 billion, up 20% over 2022. Importantly, we saw meaningful growth across our entire suite of products, like the Tybeso franchise, Remodeling the U.S., Arenatran, and Unituxin. Starting with Arenatran, revenue of $84 million during the quarter was up 11% from the prior year, This growth reflects increases in volume, price, and average dose. Following the publication of two peer-reviewed manuscripts in 2023, our medical affairs teams began providing education on data from the expedite study, which assessed the arenatran dose achieved after a rapid remodeling titration and then transition to arenatran. Worldwide remodulin revenue of $115 million for the fourth quarter was down 6% from last year, primarily impacted by international order training. However, US remodulin revenue of $106 million was up 9% from the fourth quarter of 2022. Remodulin, both intravenous and subcutaneous, remains the most prescribed parental prostacyclin in the US. We expect this momentum to continue in the US as we had a near record number of referrals and starts during the fourth quarter, driven in part by interest in the expedite study results. Worldwide unit cuts in revenue of $54 million in the fourth quarter was up 48% from the prior year quarter, and U.S. unit cuts in revenue of $49 million was up 34%. U.S. growth was driven by price and volume, and these volume gains were driven primarily through a modest inventory build at our distributor. International ordering, driven by our partner in Japan, was strong over a comparably soft quarter in 2022. Finally, Tyveso, worldwide Tyveso revenue was up 45% to $351 million, our highest quarter ever. U.S. revenue was up 40% to $337 million and was the highest quarter ever. U.S. growth in Tyveso was led by the continued uptake of Tyveso DPI, Tyveso Nebulizer and Tyveso DPI remain the number one prescribed prostacyclin treatment in the US, and they remain the only approved therapies for PHILD. We're pleased to report that there were no material changes in inventories of Tyveso DPI at our specialty pharmacy distributors during the fourth quarter, and that both distributors remain within their contracted inventory levels. The expansion of our partner Mankind's production capacity over the summer of 2023 continues to be sufficient to meet current demand. And a further expansion at Mankind is expected to come online in the coming months, which will allow us to reach as many as 25,000 patients per year with Tyveso DPI. Assuming normal production operations at Mankind, we do not expect any supply constraints moving forward. Interestingly, after the launch of Tyveso DPI in May of 2022 and the subsequent expected decline in revenue for nebulized Tyveso, we are starting to see modest sequential growth in U.S. nebulized tibiasal revenue, a key reminder of the importance of the nebulizer for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Some physicians and patients continue to prefer the nebulizer because of its use profile or for reimbursement reasons. In addition, we are aware that some pulmonologists prefer to start and titrate their PHILD patients using the nebulizer before switching to tibiasal DPI. This allows more precise titration in one breath increments compared to the three breath equivalent increments of Tyveso DPI. We expect this platform strategy to emerge as a competitive advantage over other potential DPI products should they reach the market. Now we've heard a lot about potential competition for Tyveso DPI, and I'd like to share several reasons why we're confident we will have the preferred dry powder inhaler for patients with PAH and PHILD. First, Tyvesa DPI requires only one breath per cartridge compared to two breaths for the potential competitor. On top of that, our low flow design requires less patient breath than potential high flow devices that may reach the market. In patients with compromised lungs, we think that the less breath required through a low flow device will be seen as a fundamental benefit by both patients and prescribers. Next, the low-flow design of Tyveso DPI allows for consistent deep lung delivery. This means we can achieve similar blood levels as the nebulizer with less tryprosinol than high-flow devices. The DreamVote device for Tyveso DPI requires no cleaning or maintenance, saving patients time and effort compared to other potential devices that average the market. Also, Tyveso DPI is labeled for room temperature storage by patients, another important convenience point. There's no maximum label dose for Tyveso or Tyveso DPI, despite claims to the contrary by our potential competitors. And finally, the BREE study also demonstrated 98% patient satisfaction with Tyveso DPI. These factors, coupled with the experience physicians have gained through the rapid uptake of Tyveso DPI since launch, lead us to believe that Tyveso DPI will compete as effectively with similar product offerings in the inhaled market, as Remodulin has competed with similar offerings in the parental market. Moving to the other potential competitor this year, the PAH community is anticipating the March FDA action date for the first potential activant signaling inhibitor for the treatment of Group 1 PAH. While we understand that there is some excitement for this new pathway, and we've seen this in the past with new offerings, it's important to remember that PAH is a complex multifactorial disease where polytherapy is the norm, not the exception, and treating multiple pathways of the disease aggressively and early is critical to patient outcomes. Based on the result of this new product's clinical trial and our conversations with prescribers, it does not appear that an active signaling inhibitor is either a cure for PAH or a replacement for prostacyclin therapy. In fact, in their pivotal trial, 70% of patients were on prostacyclin therapy. with 40% on a parental prostacyclin-like remodeling. Therefore, we see this therapy as additive to our existing prostacyclin patients, and if the activin signaling inhibitor helps further improve outcomes, then these patients should stay on our therapies longer. For those patients not yet on a prostacyclin therapy, PAH is a progressive disease, and the vast majority of these patients will eventually need a prostacyclin. Whether that's before or after initiating an activin signaling inhibitor, will be case-dependent. But given that polytherapy is becoming the norm, we believe Tyveso DPI offers patients and prescribers a convenient way to cover the prostacyclin pathway earlier in a patient's disease journey. Finally, we want to remind investors that this much will only be in Group 1 PAH and will not affect our growing PHILD business where the active and signaling pathway has not been studied. That brings us to the profile of tryprosin-based prostacyclins like tibetanil, remodulin, and adrenotrin. We have over two decades of use and safety data to support the use of tryprosin in PAH patients. There's a correlation between prostacyclin dose and patient outcomes. Tryprosin has demonstrated improvement across a wide array of key hemodynamic parameters, and no regular blood testing is required for prostacyclin use. To wrap up, while we're entering a year of potentially increasing competition, we remain confident that we have the product portfolio, clinical data, support structures, and expertise to succeed in the emerging competitive landscape. We're extremely proud of our continued record performance in this past quarter and the entire year, and we think we're in the early stages of sustainable growth for our current commercial portfolio. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Martine to run the Q&A.

Thanks, Mike. And congratulations again to you and your entire sales, commercialization, marketing, strategic operations, and allied health teams that have achieved, you know, sequential record quarters and years of growth in these products. It's just literally beyond awesome. Thank you so much. Operator, you can now open up the lines for any questions.

We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Our first question comes from Rowena Roys with LeRinc Partners. Please go ahead.

Hey, morning, everyone. So I was curious if you could talk a bit about the underlying patient demand in the quarter for Tyveso, both the DPI and the nebulizer, and any other key drivers that you're seeing. And I was curious, in terms of big picture, are you seeing anything interesting in the inventory dynamics going into first quarter this year?

Thanks, Rana, for your question. It seems Mike would be the best person on the call to answer those questions. He did touch upon those points in his introductory remarks. But, Mike, maybe if you can provide a little bit more color.

Sure. Yeah, I think from a demand standpoint for the Tyveso franchise, we were really happy with the demand metrics in the fourth quarter. Referrals came in at or above, I think, a record for a quarter. New patients start, which is unusual given we talk a lot about the cyclicality and the seasonality, particularly in the fourth quarter with the holidays and the fewer shipping days. So it was really nice to see that we were able to really kind of buck that trend on the referral side. On the start side, we're pulling those through. One of the phenomena that I've talked about in past years with respect to the fourth quarter is that when referrals come in, particularly between that Thanksgiving and really end-of-year time period as people are settling into their holiday routines, patients are sometimes reluctant to start therapy. And so they'll delay the start of the therapy until after the first of the year. And so we did see a little bit of that on the start side. So, you know, record referrals, but, you know, the percentage of those that converted to starts within the quarter as compared to prior quarters was maybe down a little bit, but we're starting to see those pull through in the first quarter. So, again, that's not uncommon, and we see that typically every year. So from a demand standpoint, just really, really happy with, how the commercial teams are performing, the continued uptake of TIDESO DPI in both PAH and PHILD, and then generally the continued growth in the PHILD business. From an inventory standpoint, as Martine alluded to, and as I said in my opening remarks, I think we feel really good about where we are from an inventory standpoint. Mankind is, with the process and increased capacity, improvements they made over the summer. They seem to be humming along. And so we're able to ensure that specialty pharmacy is staying within those contractual orders. And so that's been true, I think, for the last couple of quarters now. And with more capacity coming on later this year, as I said earlier, we don't really expect there to be any type of supply constraints or anomalies on the inventory side.

Perfect. Michael, thank you so much. Operator, next question.

The next question comes from Ash Verma with UBS. Please go ahead.

Hi, congrats on the progress. Thanks for taking our questions. So maybe just like starting off with the middle liver, can you elaborate a little bit like what would the clinical study design look like? And then second, in terms of the DPI out-of-pocket cost with this year, with the IRA catastrophic limit implementation, Would that normalize the out-of-pocket cost compared to the nebulizer, or would we start to see more of that benefit in 2025? Thanks.

Okay, Ash. It sounds to me like you had one question on the clinical trial design for the Zeno program and then flipped to a completely different topic on the IRA aspect. So why don't we start with Dr. Peterson? sharing her thoughts on the clinical development way forward for Zeno. And then Mike can share some more thoughts about reimbursement issues. Dr. Peterson?

Yeah, sure. Yeah, for the Zeno program, with regard to our 10 gene Zeno kidney and 10 gene Zeno heart, we are continuing to conduct our IND-enabling studies with our partners at University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins. And we expect that these studies will finish and we will start having meetings with FDA to actually discuss the specific clinical protocols for those programs with the intent of starting at least the 10-gene xenokidney study. in 2025 and as well as possibly the ClinG's Lena Hart.

Okay. Thanks, Dr. Peterson. And, Ash, I think maybe I misheard a little bit in your trial question was with regard to the ELAP study. And there I would refer you to what's posted at clinntrials.gov. It is the first time ever. that the FDA has approved a bioengineered organ in clinical trials. That's a humongous achievement and great credit goes to Jeff Ross and his team at Miro Matrix for getting us to this point. So the details, that's a phase one safety study. You could read it on the FDA's website. But we're really excited, too, with so many pathways and platforms in our organ transplantation business to have the Miro eLab serve in some ways as a pathfinder as we bring more and more types of manufactured organs into the clinic. Mike, do you want to chat on the IRA thing?

Sure, happy to. So, Zach, I think your question was with the changes to the IRA, the elimination of the catastrophic phase for patients and lowering of of out-of-pocket costs, does that level the playing field, at least from a patient standpoint, between DPI and Nebulizer. And so there's still some differences between DPI and Nebulizer, between Part D and Part B in terms of out-of-pocket, whether a patient has supplemental insurance in Part B, et cetera. But I think what we feel comfortable saying is that to the extent that reimbursement was a barrier to starting a DPI, that will largely go away with the changes to the patient out-of-pocket in Part D. And we're actually starting to see the benefit of that. And so just as maybe a little bit of a quick background for everybody, the 5% out-of-pocket in the catastrophic phase goes away starting this year for the patient. So the out-of-pocket for a patient right now is, I think it's between around $3,000 to $3,500. And that covers all drugs, so that's not per drug, that's across any medication they're on. So that's their out-of-pocket for this year. They have to spend that before Medicare kicks in in 2024. The nice thing about 2025 is that the patients are able to spread that spend out over the 12 months. And that $3,500 drops to $2,000. So lower them out and they can spread it out over over 12 months. So because of all of those factors, lower out-of-pocket, eventually able to spread it out over 12 months, and it covers all of the drugs, I think what we're going to see is a reduction in the utilization of our patient assistance program. And in fact, we're already starting to see that. We had a surprising number of patients that were able to switch over from patient assistance to commercial drug in the first quarter. And I think once we get past the first quarter, Because many of our patients are on multiple therapies, I think the vast majority of these patients will have spent their out-of-pocket limit at moving into the second quarter. And so, you know, we would expect that, you know, as the year goes on, fewer and fewer patients will need to come into our patient assistance program. And therefore, our pap utilization will continue to decline over the balance of this year and then into 2025.

That's great, Mike. So, again, we have been well prepared for the IRA years ahead of time, and all of that great groundwork and preparation is certainly paying off. Is there a next question from the operator?

Yes, the next question comes from Jessica Fry with JP Morgan. Please go ahead.

Hey, guys. Good morning. Thanks so much for taking my question. You mentioned cetatercept not coming to market in PHILD. And I know it's sort of tough to tell, but just given the investor questions we get about the pending competition in PAH, can you give us your latest thinking on the mix of Tyveso patients being treated for PAH versus PHILD and how that mix might evolve going forward as PHILD use continues to ramp? And then if that mix is not answerable, Can you elaborate on which of your tryprosomal products you see as perhaps least likely to see any disruption from Zotatercept and why? Thank you.

Yeah, thanks, Jess. Good to hear your voice this morning. And Mike, we'll take your question.

Sure. Thanks, Jess. Yeah, so I think in terms of mix of PH and PHILD with Tyveso, you know, we talked at your conference earlier This quarter, you know, we believe it's around 50-50. And it's not a perfectly knowable answer just because of the way that the information comes in through the referral forms. But I think it's reasonable and we feel, you know, pretty confident that it's in that 50-50 mix. And that should continue to increase in favor of PHILD. As we continue to just get out, talk to prescribers, we've talked about the fact that we expanded our sales force in the second half of last year. That process is complete. Those sales representatives are trained. They're out in the field. And so I think as we move into the rest of 2024, we'll start to realize the benefits of the greater share of voice in PHILD. those prescribers becoming more, I think, diligent and comfortable in screening patients and either referring them to PAH clinics or starting to treat those patients themselves with type A sodebulizer or BPI. So over time, I think we continue to see PHILD as our big growth opportunity, and that next will trend in favor of PHILD as we move forward. I think in terms of the you know, your question on the drugs, on which drug in PAH is least likely to be impacted. Again, as I said, I have conviction that over the long term, really there's not going to be much impact at all because all patients will need a prostacyclin at some point. So really I think it's a question of sequencing, and that's going to be kind of case dependent on the patient. But, you know, coming out of the gate, So to speak, I would say, you know, remodulant is probably the least likely to be impacted just because patients that are on remodulant tend to be your more advanced patients, your more severe patients. And if the patient's either presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension, I think the vast majority of physicians are going to reach for remodulant first. And as I said in my opening remarks, There's really no evidence to suggest that patients are going to be switched off of a prostacycline for cetatricep.

Thanks, Mike. Great, great answers. It provides a lot of insight. Thank you. Operator, next question, please.

Yeah, the next question comes from Joseph Thum with TD Cowan. Please go ahead.

Hi there. Good morning. Thank you for taking my question, and congrats on the quarter. Maybe if you could tell us a little bit about how you expect to disclose some of the pivotal preclinical non-human primate data from the 10-gene transplantation program, and maybe talk a little bit about the translatability from the experience in humans, or performance could be a little bit better in humans. Thank you.

Yeah, thanks for the question. Looking forward to speaking at your conference. You know, ordinarily, we at UT, we publish as much as we possibly can in the top journals in the field. And as soon as we have new scientific data available to share. And, for example, there is going to be a review article covering all of our xenotransplantation activities in Physiological Reviews, which is like a top five impact journal in the field, coming out in just a month or two. And that will answer, I think, you know, a great number of your questions in terms of the translatability of the data in the baboons, why the pig, why the ten gene pig. and how all of this will extend into human development. So you'll be seeing that publication very shortly. And like I said, it's a comprehensive review that includes a number of the leading experts in the field, as well as our top experts, such as Dr. Peterson. Beyond that, every time the FDA clears us to move to the next stage in clinical development, You know, we consider that an important thing to share, just like we shared in this call. The first time in, you know, the FDA's 100 or so years history that they cleared a bioengineered organ to be into a human clinical trial was our mirror matrix ELAP, and we shared that, you know, at the very next call afterwards. So as the FDA shares guidance with us in terms of how to move our xenokidney and xenoharp into the clinical trials. We'll positively share that with everybody in our FCC filings and on this call. And the exact protocols will, as I mentioned earlier, to ask, that will, of course, be listed on clintrials.gov. Next question, operator?

Yeah, the next question comes from Hartaj Singh with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you. Good morning, everybody. Really nice quarter, Martini and team. And just keep it going. You know, I've got a question slightly differently. Martini talked about enrolling the RELINOPAC studies by the end of this year. um and and a pretty comprehensive pipeline um you know that seems to be filling out even more and more uh can you just talk a little bit about the cadence of events you know from the linen pack and the other programs uh through this year next year not looking for any guidance but can you just the cadence of events for enrollment you know potential readouts etc uh you know over the next uh century 12 to 24 months thank you

Thank you for that great question, Hartaj, and good to hear your voice this morning. I really like the question because, you know, a CEO probably shouldn't have favorites among their drugs any more than among their kids. But I would say that the Lenapeg is unbeatable, in my view, as an amazing medicine for somebody who has a family member with pulmonary hypertension. it's pretty much of a dream drug, you know, subject to the clinical trial outcomes and the regulatory approval and, you know, whatever is supposed to be put on the label. But in terms of the dream characteristics, pills are best. I think everybody in the industry would agree with that. Secondly, once a day is better than two times a day or three times a day. I think everybody would agree with that. Third, titratability is better than not titratability. Everybody would agree with that. From a drug development standpoint, when you're following in on a pathway that's already been validated by the FDA, that reduces risk tremendously. And then what we have is a more potent member of that same pathway. So I think everything is in favor of Olenopeg. And in terms of the specifics of your question, Hartaj, of a timeframe, kind of expected events, in terms of enrollment, readout, et cetera, during 24 and 25. I'd like to turn the mic over to the head of the Rolena PEG program, our Executive Vice President for Product Development, Dr. Peterson. Lee?

Yeah, sure. Thanks for the question. And we're expecting to complete enrollment. We're I mean, as you well know, this study is based on the accumulation of outcome events with regard to clinical worsening. And so how the study is designed is that we complete enrollment, and then we follow the patients for a six-month period for a standard follow-up timeframe, as well as until the pre-specified number of events are accumulated, which gives us the statistical significance to determine the difference between the active group and the placebo. So given all of that, we are targeting enrollment to be completed this year. But really, the driver for the study completion is accumulation of the required number of events. Now, these patients are on dual back, most of them are on dual background therapies. And so we're tracking that very, very carefully as to the accumulation of these events. And again, we're targeting that our events will be accumulated as well as completion of the six-month follow-up period during 2025. Perfect.

Thank you so much, Dr. Peterson. Operator, are there any more questions?

Yes, one more question. Andreas Andretis with WebBush Securities. Please go ahead.

Good morning, and thanks for squeezing our questions in here, and congrats on all the progress this quarter. Just two from us here. On the competitor front, how are you seeing safety playing a key role in adoption for new therapies? And then also, you know, as we get closer to T-Ton readouts, how are you thinking about the opportunity for Tyvesa and IPS and where it fits in the treatment landscape? And then just one more to squeeze in. You have quite a bit of cash. You were busy on the BD front last quarter. How are you thinking about business development opportunities in areas you pursue going forward? Thanks so much.

All righty. Well, let's see. Last and also the most questions. Okay. So we're going to have kind of a roundtable talking about here. So we're going to go back to front. All capital allocation questions at United Therapeutics are under the management and guidance of our Chief Financial Officer, James Edgman. So I'm going to have him speak first. And then with regard to the competitive product positioning, Mike will have a few words to say. And finally, third and wrap-up hitter here, Dr. Peterson. If you could share some thoughts about, you know, monitoring safety aspects in clinical trials so that maybe you could share a little bit about the amazing job our clinical operations team does in terms of ensuring safety and our stellar pharmacovigilance and drug safety group. I think at United Therapeutic, safety is, I would say, our only priority. Nothing ever bumps. So, James, can you speak about the capital allocation?

Yes. Thank you, Martin. And, Andreas, good to hear your voice this morning. I think you had two questions kind of weaved in. And I'll start with capital allocation and then corporate development. But our capital allocation priorities, Andreas, are still unchanged. We have three priorities in order, which are internal research and development. business and corporate development, and then return of capital to shareholders. And we see ample opportunities to invest in ourselves and complementary businesses at this time. And at the JP Morgan conference in January, Martine laid out the need to quickly access and deploy capital to support the potential commercial scale build out of DPS facilities. And this could be several billions of dollars of CapEx over the next several years. And so there was a good discussion at the conference with respect to cap allocation and specifically looking at manufactured organs. Now, with respect to business and corporate development, we are constantly looking for potential acquisitions and also in-license opportunities. We tend to be most interested in complementary products and platforms that focus on rare lung and other cardiovascular diseases. But as you've also seen recently that we disclosed in the 10-K, We did a couple acquisitions, being IVIVA and Mural Matrix. They were focused on organ manufacturing. So we're looking across the board and things that really complement the strengths of the unitharians internally and add to the research and development we're doing. So thank you for the question, and, Martine, back to you.

Yeah, I'm going to bounce it over to Mike to talk about the –

Yes, I think, Andres, your first question was leading to sort of safety questions with new therapies and how we think about that and how that's typically handled. And really, I think it's a question as it relates to competitors. I think it's really a question for prescribers and for those manufacturers, to be honest. I think there is a safety profile that's presented as part of the clinical efficacy, and I think the physicians have to kind of look at that and then weigh the benefit, risk, of that product relative to the patient's disease, other products that are available. And, you know, as I said at the very beginning, it really kind of comes down to a case-dependent decision. So we'll just, you know, we'll just kind of see how that plays out over time.

Great. All righty. Well, Lee, I think you're off the hook because I think Mike commented enough on the safety question. And, Operator, back to you.

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