This conference call transcript was computer generated and almost certianly contains errors. This transcript is provided for information purposes only.EarningsCall, LLC makes no representation about the accuracy of the aforementioned transcript, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the information provided by the transcript.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, greetings and welcome to the Workhorse Group's fourth quarter and full year 2022 investor call. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Workhorse Group's Vice President of Corporate Development and Communications, Stan March. Sir, you may begin.
spk00
Thank you, Daryl. Good morning and welcome to all of you joining us on today's fourth quarter and full year 2022 results call. Before we begin, I'd like to note that we've posted the results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31st, 2022 via press release. We also issued a second press release this morning that covers the planned board of directors transition for the annual upcoming meeting of shareholders. You can find both these press releases as well as the accompanying presentation for this call in the investor relations section of our website. We'll be tracking to the posted presentation during the call So please follow along, either from the link in the press release or through the website directly. And with that, let's get started. Joining me on today's call, shown on slide two, are Rick Douck, our CEO, and Bob Ganan, our CFO. The agenda today is found on slide three. Following my opening remarks, I'll hand the call over to Rick. We'll give you an update on the progress we've made on our strategic and operational priorities during the fourth quarter and the beginning of 2023. Bob will then walk us through our financial results for the quarter and full year and then provide our outlook for the year ahead in 2023. After Rick's summary, we'll take your questions. Moving to slide four, you can find our forward-looking statement. As you know, some of the comments that will be made today are forward-looking and therefore are subject to certain provisions and as a result are subject to risks and uncertainties. You can find the full disclaimer statement in our 10-K or other periodic filings on file with the SEC, as well as in today's press release. And with that, I'll now turn the call over to Rick Dowd.
Daryl
Rick? Thanks, Dan, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to join us today and for your continued interest in and support of Workhorse. Over the past 12 months, we've taken decisive actions across the organization to position Workhorse for long-term success. We made great progress in the fourth quarter and are poised for a breakout year in 2023. We're encouraged by the progress we've made and are confident that our stakeholders will see the benefit of these actions in the near future. Let's start with some of our highlights and key accomplishments from the fourth quarter on slide five. Getting the right people in the right seats is the foundation of building a company that can successfully make the transition from being a technology startup into becoming a real commercial EV OEM. It takes relevant industry experience, functional expertise, and a selfless work ethic to be part of the Workhorse team. Throughout last year, we talked extensively about the key hires we made across our executive leadership, engineering, operational, commercial, administrative, and financial teams, all of whom are instrumental in driving our go-forward strategy. We are pleased to have completed building out our strong team, hiring almost 160 people last year, which is the right one to execute our business initiatives and achieve our vision of pioneering the transition to zero emission commercial vehicles. We also need to have the right systems and processes in place, and they need to be operating effective. We have worked diligently on these important basic building blocks, from engineering design revision control, fundamental lean manufacturing planning, to adopting appropriate human resource systems. These sorts of things do not sound critical, but they are absolutely critical to running an effective business on a day-to-day basis. In terms of our new commercial vehicle product roadmaps, in the fourth quarter, we delivered 23 W4CC vehicles to customers. We resolved our shipping issues with Green Power and now have more than 100 base W4CC vehicles at Union City ready for production in Q1. As it relates to our W750 step van, pilot builds are underway right now. and we start regular production of this Class IV vehicle in Q2 this year. We also began shipping Tropos vehicles assembled at our Union City facility and are looking forward to ramping up production on that vehicle each quarter in 2023. Most importantly, we are on track to unveil the W56 at the upcoming NTA Work Truck Show and begin production of this game-changing vehicle in Q3 this year. Launching four new commercial vehicles over the course of 12 months takes a lot of hard work and coordination. Trust me. Finally, we are doing the necessary market data analysis for the future design of the WNEXT, which we plan to bring to market in 2025. As you know, in December, we held our first analyst day at our revitalized world-class manufacturing complex in Union City, Indiana. We thank those of you who were able to make the trip to Union City back in December. And we were excited to show you the real, tangible progress we're making across our electric vehicle and drone product families firsthand, as well as show off our transform manufacturing operations and deep bench of talent. Looking at the facilities outside of the Union City Plant, we have concluded equipping our Wixom Michigan Technical Center. Our Sharonville, Ohio prototype shop is near completion, just waiting for a few key components to hook up some electricity. And we are installing production lines in our drone manufacturing facility in Mason, Ohio, as we speak. The takeaway summary from all of this hard work on facilities that we are, we now have the physical infrastructure and tools in place to design, test, and build world-class commercial vehicles, both wheeled and rotor-based products. Drilling down a bit more into Aero, we continue to advance our drone technology development and are excited about the tremendous opportunities in this space. We conducted demonstrations of our horse fly during the first two months of 2023, first by flying simultaneous package deliveries by multiple aircraft for prospective last mile delivery customer, and secondly, conducting a successful field test for internal operations of a separate last mile delivery customer. I will say that both of these potential customers were highly impressed with what our workhorse product and our flight team can do. We also successfully field tested its humanitarian and logistics operations, or Halo drone, internationally. The Arrow team also won a state grant to support beyond visual line of sight work in Michigan, and we continue to fly in support of the US Department of Agriculture. We will continue to work on securing additional federal and state level grants or long term contracts for our Arrow business. We expect to start the production of drones and generate revenue in this business later this year. Our Stables and Stalls initiative in the fourth quarter successfully managed deliveries to the peak holiday season, gaining valuable insight into the challenges of running and managing a fleet of aging ICE vehicles. We are using our first EV, the inaugural W750, in commercial service on a daily basis and expect to fully electrify our Stables and Stalls fleet by the end of Q2. We continue to explore options to establish a second Stables and Stalls operation in an incentive-based state sometime this year. Finally, we resolved a number of legacy and regulatory issues, which has been a critical mandate for our new team. This includes proposed settlements to resolve the securities class action lawsuit and related shareholder derivative actions, and a notice from the SEC that has previously disclosed investigation concluded with a recommendation not to enforce action against the company. These are important steps that allow us to further sharpen our focus and our resources on our strategic priorities. In Q4, we made the tough decision to discontinue the C1000 program. Our team did a thorough engineering review and conducted extensive durability testing. However, we decided that platform could not be redesigned or repaired sufficiently to put a safe, reliable, and durable vehicle on the road for our customers. Therefore, the best step for our company was to reallocate engineering and supply chain resources towards the development and production of our other products. We expect previously built C1000 units will be decommissioned, disassembled, and disposed of by the end of Q1 2023. Turning to slide six, we continue to make important progress executing on our commercial vehicle product roadmaps throughout the fourth quarter with the goal of delivering high quality, safe, and reliable electric vehicles to our customers. Starting with our class four offerings, the W4CC and the W750. Our supply pipeline is now functioning much better, and we are buttoning down the manufacturing quality control processes for both vehicles. As I mentioned before, we were pleased to be able to produce and deliver 23 W4CC vehicles in the fourth quarter. We are encouraged by the strong customer interest and expect to continue to ramp up production and delivery of this vehicle in 2023. W750 pilot bills are taking place right now, and the company will start production of that vehicle in Q2. We have plenty of customer interest and a need to field many of these vehicles in our stable installed operations. Turning to the W56, which we first spoke of a little over a year ago, as the first new workhorse fully designed and purpose-built Class 56 chassis platform. This program has remained on track, both on time basis and budget basis since its inception, thanks to our engineering and supply chain teams. And we expect to start production in Q3 this year. You can see a rendering image on the lower right-hand side of the slide. It's an impressive vehicle with superior driver visibility and turning radius. Having driven one of the program builds myself, I can tell you it's a serious, capable work truck. We plan to showcase the new production Intent Step Van vehicle next week at the NTH Work Truck Show in Indianapolis to allow prospective customers to see the product firsthand for the first time. Ride and drives of this vehicle will be offered in May at the ACT Show in Anaheim. And customer demo vehicles will be in the field starting in late Q2. Moving to the WNEXT vehicle, which we outlined at analyst day. We are combining our previous and extensive class three and four vehicle field experience to develop a next generation vehicle that with an accessible low floor frame, improve ride and handling, efficient lightweight systems, and advanced safety technology. We expect to begin production of this vehicle in 2025. And the new vehicle platform will continue come to market just as the government mandates for Class IV to VI commercial vehicles start to take effect. Moving to our aerospace update on slide seven, we continue to make significant progress in advancing development of our drones during the fourth quarter as we target two compelling and growing markets, package delivery and agricultural and infrastructure data acquisition. Let me start with our horsefly platform, which can deliver 10 pounds and travel over 10 miles a payload capability we believe is market-leading in the nascent drone industry. In January, we successfully conducted an extensive demonstration for a last-mile delivery company. As you can see on the slide, our demo consisted of 50 nonstop deliveries with three drones, two of which were in constant automatic or autonomous flight operational mode. In our second test, we flew a series of demonstrations for a different last mile delivery company to validate a concept they are considering to support their own internal flight operations. We had a completely different flight team do this demo, and again, it could not have gone any better. We had a third field team travel to Europe to train a foreign flight crew that had significant drone experience, and then the newly trained team successfully field tested our Halo drone internationally. Additionally, we have also partnered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and secured new federal and state-level grants, including Michigan, to help accelerate the fielding of this product. And we are actively exploring new opportunities for collaboration with both federal and state government agencies. On slide eight, as I mentioned earlier, we have completely transformed our Union City manufacturing facility into a world-class operation with open, flexible space with room to grow. I was amazed yesterday when I was there watching four different vehicles be put together by our new team up at Union City. The plant continues to ramp up production of the W4CC, the W750 pilot builds, Tropos vehicles, and soon the W56 line will open up. I am pleased we are finally getting the plant into production mode. We will be installing the end of line dyno and Q2, our new assembly line, and a dedicated paint line is being installed ahead on site of the W56 production in Q3. Additionally, we are in the process of installing production lines for our drones that are engineering technical design and production facility in Mason, Ohio, so we can start regular production in Q2 this year. With that, I'll now turn the call over to Bob to discuss our financial results.
Rick
Thanks, Rick. I will now cover our financial results for the fourth quarter and full year on slides 9 and 10. Our results demonstrate the significant work our team has been doing to strengthen our financial position and operations. Sales net of returns and allowances for the fourth quarter of 2022 were 3.5 million compared to a negative 2 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily due to increased W4CC sales. Cost of sales decreased to 21.2 million from 99.9 million in the same period last year, as the company recorded several non-cash charges, including $12.8 million in additional inventory reserves and disposal costs for the discontinued C-1000 program, compared to a $94.3 million C-1000 charge in Q4 2021. Selling general and administrative expenses decreased to $13.5 million from $15.7 million in the same period last year. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily driven by one-time contract termination costs recorded in 2021. Research and development expenses increased to $8 million compared to $2.8 million in the same period last year. The increase in R&D expense was primarily related to increased engineering staff related to the design and sourcing of the company's new products, including the W4CC, W750, W56, and two drone product lines. Net interest income was half a million compared to net interest expense of $35.7 million in the same period last year. change in interest income was primarily driven by the exchange of the convertible notes concluded earlier in 2022. Net loss was $38.6 million compared to $156.1 million in the same period last year. Loss from operations for the fourth quarter was $39.3 million compared to $120.4 million in the same period last year. As of December 31, 2022, the company had $99.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. Moving to our full year results on slide 10, sales, net of returns, and allowances for the full year 2022 were $5 million compared to a negative $0.9 million in 2021. The increase in sales was primarily due to an increase in sales volume in 2022 compared to sales net of returns and allowances recorded in 2021 in connection with the recall of C1000 vehicles announced in the third quarter of 2021. Cost of sales for the full year 2022 decreased by $94.8 million to $37.7 million compared to $132.5 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the shift in production to new vehicle platforms at lower volumes compared to the C-1000 program in production in 2021. The C-1000 program incurred a $19.5 million increase in the inventory reserve and prepaid purchase reserve in 2022 attributable to the discontinuation of the C-1000 program compared to $105.7 million charge recognized in 2021. SG&A expenses for the full year 2022 increased to $73.2 million from $40.2 million in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by the $20 million legal settlement expense and a $6.5 million increase in professional legal services primarily related to the securities and shareholder derivative litigation. The increase was also attributable to an increase of $11.1 million in employee and labor-related expenses, including stock compensation, increased headcount, and the appointments of the new executive leadership team during the year. R&D expenses for the full year of 2022 increased to $23.2 million from $11.6 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $6.1 million increase in employee and related expenses resulting from an increase in headcount, a $2.4 million increase in prototype components, and a $2.1 million increase in consulting fees to support the expanding product roadmap, such as the new W56, the WNEXT truck chassis platform, and continuing development of the Horsefly and Halo drones. Net interest expense for the full year of 2022 decreased to $1.8 million compared to $12.6 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction of $7 million related to fair value adjustments and losses on conversion of the convertible notes and a $6.4 million reduction in contractual interest expense. Additionally, the company recognized $0.3 million of interest income in 2022. Further, the company recognized a gain of $1.4 million on the forgiveness of the prior PPP term note during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to no gain recognized in 2022. Other income for the full year of 2022 increased to $13.6 million, primarily attributable to gains from the sale of inventory related to obsolete C-1000 vehicle parts. The 2021 losses are related to unfavorable changes in fair value and sale of investment in Loristown Motors Corp., which was sold during the third quarter of 2021. When the years ended December 31st, 2022 and 2021, the company incurred taxable losses and thus no provision for income tax expenses when reported. Net loss was $117.3 million compared to a net loss of $401.3 million last year. Turning to slide 11 to discuss our balance sheet for the year ended 2022, as we mentioned last quarter, we are debt-free following exchange transaction Q2. As of December 31st, 2022, the company had $99.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. We also continue to have our ATMs in place and use it judiciously in Q4. You will also see that we recorded a $35 million liability for the Chevrolet lawsuit offset by a $15 million insurance receivable. The other item of interest on the balance sheet is the $10 million investment in Tropos and the related $5.4 million of deferred revenue. We currently expect our capital expenditures to upgrade our facilities in Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan to be between $15 million and $25 million in 2023. We believe our Existing capital resources and capital availability will be sufficient to support our current and projected funding requirements through 2023. If an opportunity arises, we will raise additional financing in 2023, including through a continuance of our at-the-market offering. Moving to slide 12, which covers our guidance, we had positive momentum coming out of 2022 and took the necessary steps to prepare for expanded operations in 2023. Looking ahead, we will focus on manufacturing, operational excellence, and financial discipline as we ramp up sales, production, and deliveries of commercial vehicles and drones. We expect to generate significant revenue growth in 2023 with revenue expected in the range of $75 million to $125 million based on the current supply chain lead times. We believe we have the resources to ensure the financial position to execute our strategic plan will allow us to deliver on our goals and generate value for our customers and shareholders. I'll now turn the call back to Rick to wrap up the call.
Daryl
Thanks, Bob. I want to briefly discuss some of our key Q1 priorities, which are outlined on slide 13. Above all else, we are focused on advancing our new product programs. We are now in pure execution mode on all four programs. Specifically, we expect a ramp-up production of our W4CC in the first quarter, targeting 40 to 50 trucks per month by Q2. W750 pilot builds are underway right now, and we will start regular production of that vehicle in Q2 and deploy several of them to electrify our stables and stalls also in 2Q. Final testing is underway on the W56 program at multiple locations, and we will begin showcasing the W56 to customers in March, both at trade shows and with personal demonstrations at key customers. Horsefly and Halo testing is now complete, validation is complete, and both drones are now available for sale to our customers. We are in the final stages of expanding our certified dealer network, ensuring we have commercial business partners capable of serving both niche, regional, and national fleet customers. We are quickly building a nice backlog of orders, first for the W4CC and W750, and soon for the W56 vehicles. Finally, we will execute on our common systems deployment plans in 2023, including transitioning to a new ERP system, QAD, which will help drive operational efficiencies as we ramp up production of our products. We expect to complete this ERP transition in Q3 this year. On slide 14, making the transition from a technology startup to being a real OEM is not easy, nor is it for the faint of heart. It takes time, a great team of dedicated people, significant capital, and capable back office systems to make the transition a reality. Before we turn the call over to Q&A, I want to reemphasize five key takeaways that I'd like you all to walk away with today, and I will use my stabilized fix and grow slide as a backdrop. First, we have built an incredible team of leaders, engineers, supply chain and sales leads, operational experts, hourly and back office staff that are experienced in their respective fields. Every team member contributes to our success. I will put up our team against any commercial EV startup company in the world. Second, we have real tangible progress. We have made real tangible progress on our new product roadmaps and are now well positioned to ramp up production in 2023 through 2020-25 on multiple class 4 to 6 commercial vehicles. We continue to advance our drone development efforts and believe that there are tremendous revenue opportunities in this segment, both in the commercial and government segment areas. Third, our facilities have been completely transformed and modernized, and we now have state of the art capabilities to design, test and produce our vehicles and deliver high quality products and services to our customers. Coupled with our process and IT systems improvements, we have the necessary tools in place or underway to become a leading commercial EV, OEM. We are not talking about building and tooling plants in the future. Our plants are production ready now in 2023. Fourth, we have resolved our legacy legal and regulatory issues, which allows us to focus our time, resources, and efforts on advancing our product roadmaps and delivering high-quality, safe, reliable, and durable products for our customers. We remain confident in the market opportunities ahead in our industry and know that we have the right team, right products, and right production plans in place to deliver significant value to our customers, our shareholders, and other stakeholders. There's a strong market demand and governmental support for commercial EVs, UAVs, and enabling infrastructure. And finally, we have the financial strength to support our business strategy. While others continue to struggle for survival, we fully expect to emerge as a winner in the nascent commercial EV market. That concludes our prepared remarks. We're now ready to open the call for your operators. Darrell, please provide the appropriate instructions.
Operator
Thank you. We will now be conducting the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we poll for your question. Our first questions come from the line of Colin Rush with Oppenheimer. Please proceed with your questions.
Colin Rush
Thanks so much, guys. Now, could you talk a little bit about the cadence of production on a quarterly basis throughout the year, as well as the cost reduction effort? I assume that you're going to go through a period of underutilization and then catch up and start leveraging some of the hard assets here.
Daryl
Yeah, Colin, good question. You know, we got the trucks in late fourth quarter last year. We're now exercising our production. You know, people hadn't worked at the facility for quite some time in terms of torque tools, turning wrenches, etc., We're proving out some of our production processes. We're making sure we have the quality control, process controls in place to make sure we're building safe, reliable vehicles. We're probably up right now at about two a day on W4CC, and we're moving towards somewhere between 40 to 50 as we go into the second quarter, and then we'll see how it goes from there. That's primarily on W4CC. W750, we're still in pilot build mode. I think we've got one full pilot done. We have another one that's 90% done, and we have a third that's about 50% done. So we're waiting for a few key parts as we're making some – as you go through pilots, you make some engineering changes to make sure we have fit, form, function going together. So I'm pretty confident we'll be on production pace in the second quarter there, and we'll see how many trucks we build there this year. W56, we won't really get into pilot production yet. until like a late second quarter. And then we'll start regular production with a very slow ramp up in the third quarter. And then we'll start ramping up pretty hard in the fourth quarter. So it's going to be a nice continuous year of continuous launches. And having gone through launches before, they don't always go perfectly. You have supply chain issues, you have tooling issues, you got training issues. So we'll have some hiccups and starts and stops, but I think that we come out of 23 in a really good position rolling in 2024.
Colin Rush
Okay, and with the cadence of the cost reduction, is that going to just be an inversion of the cadence of the production ramp, or are there going to be some meaningful differences?
Daryl
We'll get more efficient as we go forward. So our team has spent almost six or seven months in the classroom learning about lean manufacturing. Now they're starting to practice lean manufacturing. And so whether it's how we walk around a station to build a truck to minimize steps or how we deliver materials to the floor, We're cleaning out all the old C1000 inventory out of the warehouse. It'll all be gone by March 15th, and then we can start laying out all the inbound materials that come in for W4CC, W750, and W56. So right now, the focus is on getting that truck out there. We're the only one, I think, and correct me if I'm wrong, that has a fully electric Class 4 vehicle with a range of 150 miles that can carry a payload of 5,000 pounds. So we have some ability to get out there to be first to market, which gives us some flexibility. in terms of our pricing, and then we can keep driving costs down the road. We already are looking out at opportunities in 25 and 26 of how we can take out some of the bill of material costs for sure.
Colin Rush
Okay, that's helpful. And then it's a good segue into my second question around the customer dynamics. Now that you have some trucks to show folks that they can drive How is that changing the dynamics with customer engagement, your ability to close sales, building up a pipeline of opportunities and starting to close that?
Daryl
Great question. First thing we did was hire a dynamic leader in Chris Amy to take over our commercial vehicle sales responsibility. She has over 20 years of experience selling commercial trucks across the country, both on traditional ICE and EV. She's built an outstanding team. We have three regional teams. Sales members who've got key customer contacts, all three of those people have over 20 plus years in the industry. And we've also built the back office now, both here from an administrative standpoint and also from service support to make sure we can take care of our customers. That's number one. So we have the systems in place, or soon we'll have the systems in place to build trucks and ship trucks and take care of trucks in the field. I'd say this, the feedback I've got, and I've been on the road quite a bit in the first quarter meeting with customers, we've hosted several. up at union city they're impressed by our facilities we're on track to have 11 certified dealers here in the second quarter this year and that'll lead to quite a bit of sales i think right now bob and i feel comfortable that we have 80 visibility into the low end of our 75 million dollar uh sales range in 2023. that's super helpful thanks guys thanks
Operator
Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Greg Lewis with BTIG. Please proceed with your questions.
Greg Lewis
Yeah, thank you and good morning, everybody. You know, just following up on that, you know, around the guidance, you know, as we think about, you know, the kind of the puts and takes of that, is the high end of the guidance, is that, or however you want to talk about it, Is the delta to the high end and the low end more a function of the timing of the rollout of the 750, or is it maybe around the ability to scale the cabin chassis, which it sounds like is almost in the 40 to 50 per month range already?
Daryl
Yeah, I'd say a couple things. We want to make sure We set a range that we can achieve. As I said, we have 80% visibility into the low end of the range. I've been in this industry now for over 30 years. Pilot and launches don't always go perfect. If they do, great. If they don't, we've got a little wiggle room, I'll say, right now. The more we can get demos in the hands of customers, the more they're going to like them, I think. We've had... At least three customers in the last 60 days come to Union City, and they turned around and signed up as new dealers almost within 30 days. So I think the more we get our products in the hands of customers, they can test drive them, they can think through all the different variations on the W4C of what they can put on the back, the better our sales will be. I think we were surprised. We brought the W4CC over in December of 21 to show a couple customers, thinking about we'd build the step van. And overwhelmingly, the customer said they really want the W4C cab chassis. That's where the bigger opportunity is. We didn't see that when we first started looking at the market. So I think that's a big opportunity for us. And you've got to go through the upfit. I know we have four or five trucks sitting at upfitters right now. One's getting a dry van on it. One's getting a reefer. One's getting it configured for a shuttle bus. One's getting it put together for a flatbed. We've got a really important commercial partner that we've had for a while who's been helping us work our way through and better understand how these vehicles go to market. So we thank them.
Greg Lewis
Okay, great. And then I was hoping you could provide a little bit more color around Tropos. You know, you got a few units out, you know, in the fourth quarter. Any kind of color you can give around on how that ramp is going, maybe where we are as kind of as we look at, you know, how things work. on a production basis stand like as we think about February versus where they were last year and kind of how you think about the potential to scale that up as 2023, you know, moves forward?
Daryl
Greg, that's a great question. I'll say two things. You know, when we first got the vehicles in, we experienced a little bit of shipping issues in terms that we got to do some repairs. We worked quickly with Green Power to get those taken care of. Two, when we got some of the W4CC chassis into the hands of the upfitters, we got some real feedback in late December and in early January. We're making a few quick changes that they want to see. They like the base truck. They like the powertrain. They want some things that are better for the fit of the boxes, et cetera. The cab chassis are coming over with what we call a cutaway back. and they want a fixture across the back. So our engineering team literally, in less than three weeks, came up and designed a new back to put on the back of the truck that provides a much better fit for the upfitters. We think they're very happy with that solution. We just finished testing it on the test track last week. Thank God we built the test track. And we have already tooled up a supplier, and he is ramping up as we speak, and we'll have a bunch of those backs in with the liners and mid-marks, and then we'll be ready to go off and running. And I think that is indicative of the investments we've made, whether it's in the technical team, the supply chain team, and our test facilities and our manufacturing to be able to be so nimble to move that quickly. Okay. And that was like, seriously, literally we got some trucks out between December 15th and 31st. By the first week of January, we got some feedback. Hey, we got a few issues with you guys that we need to get addressed. And here we are in the February, I guess today's March 1st. And we've already got solutions to get to the customers here between now and the end of the quarter. So.
Greg Lewis
Thank you for the thoughts.
Operator
Thank you. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. Our next questions come from the line of Chris Souther with B. Reilly. Please proceed with your questions.
Chris Souther
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my questions here. On the 80% visibility of the low end of the range, I'm curious what the W56 contribution is there ahead of the commercial launch next week? Or is it really just for the W4, W750 at this point? And then, you know, maybe what kind of contribution are you expecting from, you know, drones, contract manufacturing, you know, other stuff as far as, you know, the guidance picture there?
Rick
Hi, Chris. This is Bob. I would say that visibility is predicated on the W4CC platform, and then from there we anticipate the W56, W750, and then ultimately getting the drones contributing to the number as well. So right now the visibility is on our really first launch, and then those will ramp it up from there.
Chris Souther
Got it. Okay. Maybe just on the, you talked about, you know, customer interest being pretty high. Could you talk about how you guys are reengaging with some of the legacy, you know, backlog customers, you know, how that process is going and, you know, you know, versus kind of new customers that you've been engaging with some of the new team members you've added?
Daryl
Yeah, Chris, that's a great question. I'll tell you, first of all, I'm kind of known in the industry as an operational animal. So I'm going to have to take my operational hat off pretty much in the next 30, 45 days and turn into a commercial animal and re-engage with some of those big legacy potential customers, right? I didn't feel comfortable until we had hard physical product to take out the customers. So showing somebody something on a PowerPoint is one thing. Actually have them drive the vehicles and see how they work. is another thing. And I think our vehicles will sell themselves once we get them in the hands of customers. We have at least five large commercial, either last mile delivery or work truck customers who ask specifically for a W56 demo. They want to be able to test them themselves with their team for two to four weeks. So as part of our pilot and program builds, we're building some commercial demos to send out. And each one of our field sales team will have a family of either a W750, a W4CC, and a W56 to take around to different regional customers. On the drone side, out of one of our successful demonstrations, that customer's asked for two of our drones to be tested for 30 to 60 days at their own test facilities somewhere here in North America. So I think we're at a point now after 18 months of super hard work to actually have viable products that are commercial, not only technically viable, safe, durable, but also commercially viable in terms of the way we can build them at a cost and sell them at a price and make money. That wasn't the fact when we got here back in 2021. Sure.
Chris Souther
Yeah, no, that all makes sense. Great. And maybe just, you talked about adding stable installs into another region. Is this about just demonstrating closer to potential customers You know, going through all the, you know, customer incentive processes to help hold customer hands through those processes or, you know, how many more of these do you think you'll be setting up essentially is kind of what I'm getting at too.
Daryl
Good question. So we chose to do the first one here in Ohio. It's close to our technical team. It's close to our factory. And we can get there as leadership team. It's less than literally 15 or 20 miles away. We got buy-in from FedEx, both here regionally and back in Memphis to try it. We've secured the facility, leased it, we've transitioned it, we've put the charging stations in. We're almost done buttoning up the interior where we can put the lifts in to go work and service trucks. We have learned a lot, I'll say sometimes painful, in terms of new transmissions, repairing tires in the snow, having to change an engine. what it takes to maintain and keep qualified drivers and have safe drivers on the road. So here in Ohio, we're blessed with the Ohio River and low-cost electricity, but we're not blessed with incentives from the state of Ohio. We've done some work as a commercial team. We spent a couple days in some training sessions to make sure we understand the CARB rules in California and all the different incentives across the 17 or 18 states. And so Stan March is leading that effort for us. And he's buttoning down. It looks like we're going to focus on one of two regions, one on the West Coast or one on the East Coast, where there's significant commercial incentives up to $100,000 per vehicle in some states, 60 and others for our vehicles. And we'll choose one of those selections. We're working with FedEx to identify the best location. And we'll probably have a second operation up and running this year. And then we'll stop. Remember, our goal is not to build out a whole network of stables and stalls. It's to build out two or three stables and stalls to better understand what it costs an operator to transition a historically ice fleet to EV. The acquisition costs, the total cost of operations and ownership, and where the savings we can help justify the business case that take back to some of the customers, whether that's independent contractors on the FedEx Brown side or to other large commercial users of commercial trucks, people who deliver to grocery stores, people who deliver to goods and supplies to factories. Everybody's trying to figure out how to make this transition work, right? And quite honestly, the government's got to help put in the EV infrastructure. They're doing that. Until we get the volume, the government's got to provide incentives, or else it doesn't make a lot of logical sense. The EVs cost a lot more money. Until we get batteries at a volume, the costs come down significantly, so.
Jeff Osborne
Okay.
Daryl
We are in the very, very early stages of this transition. You can read all the press publications about the crazy how fast we're going to go in EV. At the end of the day, you have to have the infrastructure in place, and you have to have an economic model that works for both the suppliers, the manufacturers, and the end-use customers. If you don't, then it doesn't work, right? So we think we're on a path forward to get that done.
Chris Souther
Got it. And maybe just my last one, you know, timing around kind of positive gross margins and where we start to get the leverage. You know, is that something exiting this year we should expect, you know, given kind of the ramp up throughout the year? And then I'll hop in the queue.
Rick
So, you know, every truck we sell, we expect contribution on it from the very beginning. But as you said, total gross margin is about fixed cost coverage. So, I don't think we'll be there by the end of this year, but we will, I think, make significant progress towards positive gross margin as we ramp up production.
Jeff
Appreciate it. Thanks. I'll hop in the queue.
Daryl
Yeah, great. I think the one thing I'd say to you is that if you take a look at the commercial EV space, there were a lot of projections over the last two or three years, and almost all of them came up short in two areas. One, it's a hell of a lot tougher to go from concept EV production, and it costs a hell of a lot more to get there. Just go back and look at all the old forecasts of some of the other EV SPACs and stuff like that. Are they coming up short? Have they built their plants, etc.? We're very fortunate here at Workhorse that we got a plant that's been around for almost 20 years. It didn't cost us as much to renovate and upgrade the factory as it would have to build a brand new greenfield site, which would have taken a couple years. So we were able to get that Union City facility turned around and ready to go in less than six to nine months for about $20 million. And we'll put another $15 or $20 million in this year in terms of paint line, dyno tests, interline dyno tests, and the AGVs to move the vehicles around the plant.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Jeff Osborne with TD Cowan. Please proceed with your questions.
Jeff Osborne
Good morning. Most of my questions have been answered, but a couple quick ones. One was actually on CapEx, which you were just touching on. What should we assume for 23? I might have missed that in the preparedness.
Rick
Yeah, Jeff, this is Bob. We expect somewhere in the 15 to 25 million range, so pretty consistent. And primarily, Rick just outlined the three major projects, AGVs, Paint Booth, and Dyno are the bulk of that. A little bit of money on an ERP, but in that $15 to $25 million range.
Jeff Osborne
Got it. Another quick one, Bob. On the modeling side, there's a bunch of sort of things in the optics. Can you give us a run rate for the first half of the year, for the full year, how we should think about total optics on an annual or quarterly basis?
Rick
I think when you look at the fourth quarter from an optics perspective, It's pretty indicative of where we are now, and I think that's a pretty good run rate.
Jeff Osborne
My last question is just how should we think about pricing? I think Rick mentioned that the cab chassis is a bit more on interest. Is that maybe lower prices than a full vehicle? You had a show at the end that said that's the predominant mix. How should we think about ASPs?
Daryl
Jeff, you broke up a little bit, so can you repeat that? You said something about the sales price of the cab chassis versus the full vehicle, but I didn't quite understand your question.
Jeff Osborne
Yeah, I apologize. I got a bad connection here. I was just curious if there's more interest in the cab chassis than anticipated and what that does to average ASPs through the year.
Daryl
You're talking about average pricing across the two different, the cab chassis or step van? Is that what you're asking? That's what I was trying to get at, yes. Thank you. Yeah, you kind of saw some indications in the fourth quarter. You can kind of do some backward math in terms of revenue and number of vehicles sold. We didn't sell any drones. We did have some stables and stalls revenue. We had some drone service revenue. So you can probably get to the back of the envelope calculation for a range. As we ramp up, prices are a little better than we thought when we did the modeling. We are looking at when we're receiving some big orders, you know, we can have some discounts in there, but they're not huge discounts is what I'd say, right? We have one dealer has indicated they want to buy somewhere between 250, 260 vehicles this year already, so just one customer. Great to hear that.
Operator
Oh, yeah, thank you. Thanks. Thanks, Jeff. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Mike Schliske with DA Davidson. Please proceed with your questions.
Jeff
Good morning, and thanks for taking my questions. I did miss your first few comments, so if these are asked and answered, just let me know. Could you comment on the potential royalties that might be coming or not be coming from the Old Lordstown deal? It sounds like there's a filing that they're trying to get out of the deal. I'm curious, can you just do that? And are there any unusual legal costs we should be looking at for 2023 to get that deal enforced? It's a big number. It's probably worth nine figures to Workhorse. So I just want to make sure that that's still going to happen.
Rick
So we, you know, as we stated on our release, we believe that, you know, the royalties still apply regardless of the status of the agreement. But I would also say that, you know, the main dependency here is they've got to shift trucks. And that's, at the end of the day, that's what generates the royalty. So we believe we still have the royalty in place, and that's kind of where we stand right now.
Jeff
It's not a stop to that cover, but I'm under the impression they have shipped a few. Just out of curiosity, Bob, at this point, have you invoiced them for that pocket change that they might owe you for the first handful?
Rick
No, we're still waiting on reporting so that we can do that next step.
Jeff
Okay, great. Moving on, I don't want to open any old wounds here and open up the old USPS question again, but they are now awarding EV contracts beyond just Oshkosh. They are somewhat small orders, but they are awarding them. They just awarded over 9,000 vans yesterday. It's a very active buyer there. Does Workhorse have any opportunities to bid on those COPS orders going forward? That's going to be that.
Daryl
We saw the announcement yesterday that they awarded some, I think they're class two or class three transit vehicles to Ford. So congratulations, Ford Motor Company. Well learned. We do think there's opportunity at some point with us, with the U.S. Postal Service and other government agencies for our class five, six trucks and potentially for our drones. That's all we'll say for now. Okay.
Jeff
Okay. Maybe last one for me. The aero demos that you've talked about here, it's hard to tell from the pictures. So were those drones, were those aero products actually taking off and landing on a workhorse truck? Or is that the next level of kind of public demo? And is there a large difficulty leap from the old demos to any moving truck demos to make that happen?
Daryl
Great question. Those were not off the truck. The first customer we did the demo for, we did the 50 deliveries across six different addresses. They were done from ground-based locations. At the request of that customer, they want to prove out the concept of being able to deliver from a warehouse or a fixed location to multiple individual or business locations first. We did that test, and we passed that test. The first month I was here, I went down to that customer. They gave me a three-page list. with about 25 specifications to include. You have to have a parachute. You have to be able to deliver off a tether. You have to be able to pull the package back up in case there's an issue with it. You've got to handle a certain range. You've got to hit a certain payload. We've met every single one of their specifications. It took us almost 18 months to get there. Hell of a lot of work. We doubled our engineering team. We tripled our software team. We tripled our flight operations team. We have countless hours now and we're pretty confident. The customer asked us to prioritize the fixed location delivery first and then come back to the vehicle delivery. And we have only tested that flight off the old EGENs, which we're no longer, we have some in service, but we're not building any more of those. And we're going to have to use, we're going to have to modify a W56 and a W750, the tops at some point to do that, but that wasn't our priority in 2022 or 2023. We'll probably get to that sometime in 2024.
Jeff
Great. And that makes a lot of sense. It sounds very exciting. I'll pass it along. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. We have reached the end of the question and answer session. With that, I would like to bring the call to a close. We do appreciate your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Enjoy the rest of your day.
Disclaimer