This conference call transcript was computer generated and almost certianly contains errors. This transcript is provided for information purposes only.EarningsCall, LLC makes no representation about the accuracy of the aforementioned transcript, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the information provided by the transcript.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
Good afternoon and welcome to the Alexandria Real Estate Equities 2023 fourth quarter and year-end conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Paula Schwartz, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Paula Schwartz
Investor Relations
Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. This conference call contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. The company's actual results might differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements is contained in the company's periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. And now I'd like to turn the call over to Joel Marcus, Executive Chairman and Founder. Please go ahead, Joel.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Thanks, Paula, and welcome, everybody. Consistent with Alexandria's building the future of life-changing innovation in medicine and at the vanguard and the heart of the $5 trillion investment secularly growing industry, want to wish everyone a safe and healthy 2024. On the cover of our press release and supplemental package, we've included the great Jim Collins quote about Alexandria. Alexandria has achieved the three outputs that define a great company, superior results, distinctive impact, and lasting endurance. On superior results, we're very proud to say that we've had a very strong total shareholder return since IPO of over 1500% beating all of the benchmark REIT indices and also almost every other healthcare REIT. On distinctive impact, Alexandria's tenants whom we have supported are responsible for an astounding 50% of the novel FDA approved therapies over the last decade, truly amazing. And our unique one of a kind full continuum of care 115 project in Dayton, Ohio has treated more than 7,000 patients afflicted by opioid addiction and other substance abuses, and has made a dramatic and positive impact on the lives of thousands of people, and we're very proud of that accomplishment. And then moving to lasting endurance, want to congratulate the Alexandria family team on this significant 30-year anniversary milestone of our founding on January 5th, 1994, and who would or could have imagined in 1994 that this fledgling garage startup would have created an entirely new class of real estate at the vanguard and the heart of the life science industry, combating many of the illnesses which afflict our family and friends. So moving on to my take on fourth quarter and year-end 2023, I'd say we have witnessed the unprecedented eight-year bull run of the life science capital markets 2014 through 2021, the longest on record. coupled with the rocket ship funding during COVID. And the market in 2023 has clearly reflected the rationalization of the past decade. With respect to Alexandria in 2023, I would say I would characterize our 2023 overall operating and financial performance as highly resilient. Notable achievements include 11% plus NOI growth year over year, 23 to 22, and of incremental NOI in 2023 with our development capabilities moving that to fruition, which are first in class. We've continued very solid leasing in 2023 with over 4 million plus rentable square feet leased with very respectable cap and cash gap in cash numbers. Two key leases in fourth quarter, which are noted in the supplement, the lease to Novo Nordisk and the lease to Cargo Therapeutics. 2023, we had a remarkable 76% of leasing with existing tenants, and we look forward to a strong 2024 leasing effort and expect a handful of significant leases to mature soon. We expect to make significant progress on our lease expirations and filling vacant space while achieving positive rent growth. 2023, we did a highly competent job of self-funding our growth and will continue to do so in 2024. Our balance sheet and liquidity are in the best shape in the company's history, and we're very proud of that accomplishment. We have given and reconfirmed very solid detailed guidance for 2024. And we believe that the life science industry will continue to benefit, most importantly, from some key macro tailwinds in 2024, including positive M&A activity, declining interest rates, increased innovation, and some great key data readouts. And finally, before I turn it over to Peter to comment on a range of critical issues, comment on the sale of our 42nd Street asset in New York City, leased to Pfizer through mid-year 2024. They previously vacated and moved their headquarters to another site in New York City. We made a strategic decision not to go forward with a contemplated redevelopment of that building to impart to state and local, to challenging state and local governmental policies. We also had a somewhat similar, but not on the scale, reaction back a number of years ago in our successful reduction in our footprint in the city of San Francisco. We've created and grown the commercial life science lab space market in New York City. When we delivered our East Tower and our ACLS mega campus back in 2010, there were only essentially two companies of any significance that were doing commercial life science research in New York City, many academics, but virtually no commercial. Today, there are over 100, but New York City, the life science market there remains here 14 years later, still a small startup market. And we believe that by focusing on our ACLS New York City mega campus, that's the best way for us to continue to be successful. And we have taken this disciplined action out of an abundance of prudence. And with that, let me turn the commentary over to Peter.
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Thanks, Joel. In Flagship Pioneering's 2024 annual letter, founder and CEO Nubar Afan described 2023 as a poly-crisis encompassing the confluence of economic turbulence, climate change, deeply fractured politics, two global wars, threats to democracy, loss of trust in institutions, and continuing dislocations triggered by the COVID epidemic. Alexandria's solid 2023 performance within such a dismal backdrop is nothing less than extraordinary. I don't want to steal too much of Mark's thunder, but leasing close to our average volume since 2018, X the rocket ship years, and maintaining strong earnings growth while navigating through this poly crisis is a testament to Alexandria's competitive advantage and the power of our brand that Joel and Dan eloquently articulated at Investor Day. Heading into 2024, the Poly crisis remains, but so does our resiliency. Our balance sheet is as strong as ever, and in 2023, we proved that we can self-fund our investments and still maintain our lowest leverage level in history. Thus, with our unique business model, highly skilled and experienced talent, impeccable execution, and a healthy underlying industry poised to advance human and planetary health, we've created the fertile industrial ecosystem Mr. Affan postulated can generate value while defending against any coming vulnerabilities. We aim to prove that thesis right. I'm going to discuss our development pipeline, leasing, supply, and asset sales, and hand it over to Hallie. In the fourth quarter, we delivered 1,228,604 square feet into our high barrier to entry sub markets bringing total deliveries for the year to 3,271,170 square feet covering 15 projects. The annual incremental NOI delivered during the year of approximately $265 million and the incremental NOI delivered during the quarter of $145 million are both the highest totals in company history. The initial weighted average stabilized yield for 2023 deliveries was 7%, supported by a strong stabilized yield on cost of 7.7% from our fourth quarter deliveries. Development and redevelopment leasing activity of approximately 234,000 square feet was higher quarter over quarter for the third reporting period in a row. And the positive momentum is expected to continue as we sign 270,000 square feet of LOIs during the quarter. At quarter end, our pipeline of current and near-term projects are 60% leased or under negotiations, which include executed LOIs. From the first quarter of 2024 through the end of 2027, we expect to deliver approximately 90% Of the $495 million of stabilized NOI the current pipeline is expected to generate. Demand from our highly innovative credit tenant base looking to leverage the placemaking and scale of our Mega Campus model is expected to drive future opportunities, such as the Novo Nordisk lease executed during the quarter for 165,000 square feet at the Alexandria Center for Life Science Waltham Mega Campus in Greater Boston. Transitioning to leasing and supply. We leased 4,306,072 square feet during the year and 889,737 square feet during the quarter. To put some context to that, it's roughly half of the average of the rocket ship years of 2021 and 2022, but very close to the average volume we leased in the three years prior from 2018 through 2020. We've returned to the fundamentals which were trending positively before 2021 and 2022, so we feel really good about the near and long-term prospects for our business. We spoke a lot about the competitive advantages that our megacampus model affords us during Investor Day. 63% of the total leasing we did during the year was completed in our highly curated Class A megacampuses located in high barrier-to-entry life science clusters And they are the key reason we continue to post strong cash and gap rent increases, which came in at 15.8% and 29.4% respectively for the year. We believe the beginning of 2023 was the low point for demand and are pleased to see that demand for Greater Boston, San Francisco Bay, and San Diego are all up year over year. A good sign since this does not include a number of projects that are on hold as management teams and boards remain cautious. However, that should change soon. As you will hear from Hallie, the trajectory of the industry has turned positive. In the meantime, we continue to win the majority of the current high-quality demand due to tenants prioritizing location, placemaking, experience, ability to scale, proven operational excellence, reliability, and trustworthiness. Our teams continue to closely track supply building by building in our proprietary databases. As we turn the page on 2023, we expect 2024 to be the peak year for new deliveries, then begin to dissipate in 2025. In Greater Boston, unleashed competitive supply estimated to be delivered in 2024 is 7% of market inventory, a 0.9% increase over last quarter, not due to new projects, but because of project deliveries being pushed from 2023 to 2024. In 2025, the unleased competitive supply will increase market inventory by another 2.5%, an expected slowdown from 2024 levels. In San Francisco Bay, unleased competitive supply estimated to be delivered in 2024 is 10.7% of market inventory. which is a 2.7% increase. Like Greater Boston, this increase is driven by projects that were expected to deliver in 2023, but are taking longer than expected. In 2025, the unleashed competitive supply will increase market inventory by much less, at 2.2%, a good sign, but still a 1% increase over last quarter due to a new project breaking ground in Menlo Park. In San Diego, unleased competitive supply estimated to be delivered in 2024 is 6.8% of market inventory, a slight decrease from last quarter due to an increase in supply from projects being pushed from 2023 to 2024 offset by leasing in those projects. In 2025, the unleased competitive supply will decelerate to 2.7% of market inventory. A quick update on direct and sublease vacancy. Direct vacancy in Greater Boston is up 258 basis points to 7.05%, still mid-single digits despite a number of deliveries in late 2023. It has climbed 270 basis points to 12.36% in our San Francisco Bay markets due to unleased new deliveries. And in San Diego, the increase has been more modest, rising 121 basis points to 7.97%, driven primarily by Sereno Therapeutics vacating all of their leases in the region. They are not an Alexandria tenant. Sub-lease vacancy has remained stable, ranging from 5.4% in San Diego to 5.9% in Boston. I'll conclude with an update on our value harvesting asset recycling program. Continued demand for our assets enabled us to self-fund our investments, as we presented at Investor Day. Page 6 of the supplemental summarizes the material transaction closed during the year. What can be taken away from the partial interest sales at 15 Necco and 9625 Town Center Drive and the sale of 11119 North Story Pines Road is that well-located and stabilized assets located in Alexandria's primary submarkets continue to command a premium valuation. Others in solid locations but in need of material capex for repositioning, such as the Second Avenue and Memorial portfolio in Greater Boston, completed in the second quarter, and the Memorial Drive, Beaver Street, and Roselle Street portfolio completed in the fourth quarter, delivered solid per square foot valuations due to their solid historical performance. Due to the unstabilized nature of these portfolio sales, the cap rates will not provide any meaningful insights to return expectations on stabilized properties. However, I can point you to HealthPeak's 65% sale of 3020 and 3030 Callen Ridge Road in Torrey Pines as a directional comp. The building is fully leased long-term to a credit tenant, but is not expected to be occupied by said tenant. The purchase price yielded a 5.3% cap rate despite that change or despite that challenge. As we presented at Investor Day, our strategies continue to widen the moat with competitive advantages our megacampus model provides by recycling our non-campus assets into our current and future megacampuses. With that, I'll pass the call over to Hallie.
Hallie Kuhn
SVP of Science and Technology in Capital Markets
Thank you, Peter, and good afternoon, everyone. This is Hallie Kuhn, SVP of Science and Technology in Capital Markets. Today, I will provide a recap of the life science industry in 2023 and an overview of the health and demand drivers of each of our life science tenant segments as we kick off 2024. John Templeton wisely wrote that bull markets are born on pessimism, grow on skepticism, mature on optimism, and die of euphoria. While the reset of the life science industry from euphoric 2021 highs has been rocky, healthy pessimism is seeding renewed momentum, underscored by rational valuations and capital flowing to the strongest technologies and experienced management teams. Fundamentally, the staggering unmet medical need that drives the $5 trillion secularly growing life science industry has not abated. and the opportunity for companies and investors in the life science sector to positively impact human health and disease is massive. Through the ups and downs, the trajectory of the industry is positive, translating long-term into a healthy and expanding tenant base. This sentiment is reflected in the numbers. The XBI, a weighted index of small and mid-cap biotech, ended 2023 up 8%. large biopharma performance which had an exceptional 2022 while the rest of the market generally languished ended flat two notable exceptions were alexandria tenants eli lilly and nova nordisk both of which ended the year up over 50 percent as the market for their novel diabetes and obesity medicines accelerated and as peter Mentioned in December, we announced a significant lease with Novo Nordisk for their new U.S. R&D headquarters on our Waltham Mega Campus in Greater Boston. Another 2023 biopharma trend was M&A. Excluding mega mergers over $50 billion, 2023 set a new high watermark with $159 billion in acquisitions. These were largely sub-$10 billion deals driven by pharma's need to bolster pipelines, as they face steep revenue loss due to patent expirations. As M&A dollars are recycled back into the industry, it creates a positive cycle of innovation as scientists and entrepreneurs start their next new venture. Altogether, the M&A lifecycle is an important driver of demand across our regions. With respect to the FDA, 55 novel medicines were approved in 2023. the second highest year on record and double the average number of annual approvals 20 years ago. There were also eight advanced cell and gene therapies approved. Tenant Vertex received FDA approval of Cascavi this December, a potentially curative therapy for severe sickle cell disease, and the first approved treatment utilizing a novel genome editing technology known as CRISPR. The takeaway is that the industry's model is working. Novel scientific discoveries such as CRISPR, which was elucidated just over a decade ago, are translating into impactful medicines for patients. Now let's take a closer look at the health and demand across each of our life science tenant segments. First, large pharma, which makes up 19% of our ARR, continues to deploy substantial capital towards internal and external R&D, equating to over 270 billion in R&D spend. Commitment to R&D is an imperative for pharma. Over the next decade, the top 20 pharma are staring down approximately $200 billion of lost revenue as patents expire, new competitors enter the market, and a subset of medicines become subject to potential price setting by Medicare through the recently enacted IRA legislation. And where does pharma look to offset this gap in revenue? To smaller and nimbler biotechs. Currently, three out of every five dollars of top 20 farmer revenue stemmed from medicines acquired through M&A and partnerships. Fortunately, this segment is well positioned, with strong balance sheets and an estimated trillion dollars in available firepower to leverage. All told, we expect healthy levels of internal research in M&A to continue through 24 and beyond. Importantly, Innovation requires people, and a critical component of the pharma equation is stellar talent. Recruiting and retaining scientists is more important than ever. Cancer can't be cured from the couch, and expectations of a scientific workforce where working from home is not an option are high, requiring amenities and community that the scale of Alexandria's megacampuses are uniquely positioned to provide. This need is driving several large pharma requirements across our clusters. Transitioning to public biotechnology, our ARR from biotechs with marketed products increased to 17% compared to 14% in 3Q. This increase is due to the delivery of Moderna's new headquarters at 325 Binney Street on our one Kendall Square megacampus. as well as several clinical stage companies transitioning to commercial stage after receiving marketing approval for new therapies. This segment continues to mature, with tenants such as Vertex eclipsing a market cap of $100 billion in 2023. Next up are our pre-commercial public biotech companies, which represent 8% of our ARR. For this segment, data trumps all. Companies that meet expected milestones have executed significant follow-on financings, and stock prices have responded positively. In total, nearly $20 billion in follow-on financing was raised on U.S. stock exchanges in 23, a quarter of which was raised by Alexandria tenants. Companies have also tapped alternative financing structures such as pipes and royalty deals, providing additional access to liquidity. Our San Francisco-based tenant, Bridge Bio, has raised over $900 million in the past 12 months from a combination of these sources, driven by clinical data for a novel medicine treating transferretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, a potential fatal disease of the heart muscle. As the IPO market cracks open in 2024, companies with the right clinical pedigree will be able to access additional liquidity. Last week, the first IPO of the year by SF-based CG Oncology priced above their target range and raised $380 million. On to private biotechnology, which encompasses 10% of our ARR. While life science venture investments slowed in 23 relative to the highs of 21 and 22, it still exceeds pre-COVID levels and came in at approximately $40 billion. Series A, B, and C rounds are predominantly being led by outside investors, speaking to healthy levels of new investments, with the caveat that valuations have come down and deals often take longer to close. Funds have been conservative deploying the capital raised in the past several years and have ample dry powder. As the markets warm, we expect venture activity to remain strong through 24. One counterbalance is that we may see less later-stage financings as a subset of companies go public instead of raising another round of private capital. Next are our life science product, service, and device tenants, which represent 21% of our ARR. This segment includes contract manufacturers, diagnostic firms, and research tool companies, all of which are critical and complementary to companies developing new medicines. For example, research tool companies are creating the next generation of advanced life science technologies such as super resolution microscopes and DNA sequencers that can process an entire genome in half a day. These technologies often require large, specialized footprints, complex infrastructure, and highly trained scientific talent. As the trusted brand for life science real estate, Our tenants look to Alexandria to safeguard the billions of dollars of equipment, intellectual property, and assets housed within their labs. Last are institutional tenants, totaling 11% ARR. As well-funded, often credit tenants, institutions continue to be an engine of innovation within our ecosystems. One pioneering institutional tenant that came out of stealth this month is Cambridge-based Arena Bioworks. With $500 million in funding, Arena hired scientific luminaries from around the country with the goal to combine and accelerate academic research and venture-backed drug development under one roof. Returning to where we started, the life science industry is squarely in the realm of healthy skepticism, seeding the very early innings of the next bull run. We are not completely out of the woods yet, with question marks around interest rates and 2024 elections looming. However, accelerating pace of scientific innovation, access to significant capital from multiple sources, and enormous unmet need for life-saving therapies will propel the industry forward and translate into healthy demand and increasing long-term revenue. With that, I will pass it over to Mark.
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Hallie. This is Mark Binda here. Hello and good afternoon, everyone. Congratulations to our entire team for outstanding execution this past year in a very challenging macroeconomic environment. I'll start with our solid financial results. Total revenues in NOI for 2023 were up 11.5% and 12.2% respectively over 22, primarily driven by solid same property performance and record high development and redevelopment projects placed into service in 23. with an incremental annual NOI of 265 million. FFO per share diluted as adjusted was 897, up a solid 6.5% over 2022. We're very proud to report solid operating results for the year, driven by disciplined execution of our mega campus strategy. Our tenants continue to appreciate our brand, collaborative mega campuses, and our operational excellence by our team. We have high quality cash flows with 52% of our annual rental revenue as of 4Q23 from investment grade and publicly traded large cap tenants, up 3% from the prior quarter. And we have one of the highest quality client rosters in the REIT industry. 75% of our annual rental revenue comes from our collaborative mega campuses. Collections remain very high at 99.9%. Adjusted EBITDA margins remain strong at 69%. And 96% of our leases contain annual rent escalations, approximating 3%. Now, solid rental rate growth and leasing volume drove same property NOI growth in 2023 of 3.4% and 4.6% on a cash basis. These results were in line with our previous guidance and very solid results, especially considering the macro environment. As expected, our fourth quarter same property results took some pressure due to some temporary vacancy at four properties spread across Boston, San Francisco, and San Diego, comprising about 330,000 square feet that is 64% leased or negotiating. We expect same property results to accelerate in the second half of 2024, driven by anticipated solid rental rate growth, occupancy growth in the second half of the year, coupled with the four properties I just mentioned, as well as contractual rent increases and the burn off of contractual free rent from executed leases. We expect solid same property growth for 2024 consistent with what we provided at our investor day in December of one and a half and 4% on a cash basis at the midpoint of our guidance range. Leasing volume in the fourth quarter was solid at 890,000 square feet for the quarter, and 4.3 million for the year, which is in line with our general historical average from 2013 to 2020. We continue to benefit from our longstanding tenant relationships and brand loyalty with 76% of our leasing completed in 2023 coming from existing tenant relationships. Rental rate growth for lease renewals and releasing space in 23 was very strong at 29.4% and 15.8% on a cash basis. These are very solid results and are the third highest annual amounts compared to the 10 years preceding the rocket ship years of 21 and 22. 4Q23 rental rate growth for lease renewals and releasing of space was 9.2% and 5.5% on a cash basis. Due to the incredible execution by our team, we were able to backfill the roughly 100,000 square foot Forma Atreca space in San Carlos with a very exciting clinical stage biotech company called Cargo Therapeutics during the quarter at solid economics, including no TIs and limited downtime. The starting cash rent on that deal was slightly negative at about negative 4% compared to the most recent in-place rents from Atreca that was three years into a 10-year lease. Given the quarterly results are driven by a relatively small amount of square feet, The relatively flat results from this transaction had a meaningful impact on the quarterly rental rate increases. Excluding this transaction, rental rate increases for the quarter would have been 21.4% and 9.7% on a cash basis. We expect solid rental rate growth on lease renewals and releasing of space for 2024 at a midpoint of 15% and 9% on a cash basis with some variation from quarter to quarter. The overall mark to market for cash rental rates related to our in-place leases for the entire asset base remains solid at 14%. Our non-revenue enhancing expenditures, including TIs and leasing commissions on second generation space, have averaged 15% of NOI over the last five years and remained low during 2023 in the 12% to 13% range. Year-end occupancy was solid at 94.6%, up 90 basis points from the prior quarter. And the primary driver of the increase from the third quarter was space that was delivered in San Diego. The midpoint of our guidance range for occupancy for year end 2024 is 95.1%. So we do expect some modest growth in occupancy through the year, as well as growth in same property occupancy in the second half of the year. Transitioning to the balance sheet, we have one of the strongest balance sheets in the company's history as of 4Q23. Our corporate credit rankings rank in the top 10% of all publicly traded U.S. public REITs. We met our goal for a year-end leverage of 5.1 times for net debt to adjusted EBITDA on a quarterly annualized basis. And we ended the year with tremendous liquidity of 5.8 billion, fixed rate debt comprising 98.1% of our total debt, a weighted average remaining term of debt of 12.8 years, and no debt maturities until 2025. Only 20% of our debt matures in the next five years, and 29% of our debt matures in 2049 and beyond with an attractive rate of 3.91%. We continue to focus on the enhancement of our overall asset base and the recycling of capital through outright dispositions of assets that are not integral to our mega campus strategy. We recognize that these types of assets will likely have a higher cost of capital than our core assets located in our mega campuses, but this will allow us to recycle these proceeds into our highly leased development and redevelopment pipeline and to continue to enhance our mega campus strategy. For 2023, we completed dispositions and partial interest sales of $1.3 billion including 439 million of dispositions completed in the fourth quarter. Importantly, during 23, we did not issue any new common equity other than the settlement of our outstanding forward equity contracts from 2022, which raised 104 million. And we're very proud of our strong execution capability. The team is laser focused on the execution of our capital plan headed into 2024. And we have pending dispositions subject to letters of intent or sales agreements for another $142 million that we expect to close in 2024. Based upon our current outlook, we expect our asset recycling program to be more heavily weighted towards outright dispositions of non-core assets rather than partial interest sales in 2024. In the fourth quarter, we recognized impairments aggregating $271.9 million, which included two significant items. First was the $94.8 million charge related to the sale of 380 and 420 E Street, located in the Seaport, which had been announced last quarter and subsequently closed during the fourth quarter. And then second, as Joel mentioned, $93.5 million of a charge related to an office property located in Manhattan, which was classified as held for sale this quarter. The New York project Joel mentioned was acquired in 2018 as a covered land project with a lease back and in place cash flows. But in the fourth quarter, we elected not to proceed with the conversion project. And this is now under contract and expected to be sold next year. Cash flows from operating activities after dividends for 2024 is expected to be very strong at 450 million at the midpoint of our guidance. and will continue to support growth in our annual common stock dividends per share. We had a low and conservative FFO payout ratio of 56% for the quarter, with a 6% average per share dividend increase over the last five years. And at this pace of retained cash flows over the next three years, cash flows from operating activities after dividends should generate close to $1.4 billion of efficient capital for reinvestment. Now I'll turn to a couple of important highlights on the external growth side. 2023 and 4Q23 were both record years in terms of the amount of incremental annual NOI onboarded with $265 million and $145 million respectively. Importantly, about 80% of the annual rental revenue delivered in the fourth quarter was to investment grade or publicly traded large cap tenants, including Moderna and Eli Lilly. With a very large amount of deliveries around mid-quarter on average in the fourth quarter, we expect a significant earnings benefit headed into 1Q24. We expect tremendous growth in incremental annual net operating income on a cash basis of $114 million upon the burn-off of initial free rent related to recently delivered projects with a weighted average burn-off period of about 10 months. As Peter highlighted, we have 5.7 million rentable square feet of projects that are 60% leased or negotiating and projects that will generate $495 million of incremental annual net operating income over the next four years. A key item to highlight here is that we had strong leasing activity in the pipeline with over 500,000 square feet either leased or added to the negotiating bucket through signed LOIs during the quarter. which was the most we've had since 2Q22. Next on capitalized interest, our outlook for capitalized interest for 24 is consistent with our previous guidance. And as a reminder, we expect capitalized interest for 2024 to be impacted by the following. First, an overall decline in average real estate basis subject to capitalization compared to 23, which was driven in part by the large basis placed into service in the fourth quarter of 2023. And second, we expect an offsetting increase caused by an uptick in our weighted average interest rate on borrowings used in the calculation of capitalization of interest in 2024 compared to 2023. We'll turn next to venture investments. Realized gains from venture investments included in FFO per share as adjusted for the quarter was 12.3 million, which was below our recent run rate in part due to a large realized loss on one of our investments that occurred late in the quarter. FFO per share as adjusted over the last three years has included on average 96 million of realized gains in each year from venture investments or approximately 24 million per quarter. Our outlook for quarterly realized gains from venture investments in 2024 is 95 to 125 million. which is modestly above our three-year annual average of $96 million. Gross unrealized gains in our venture investments as of the end of the quarter were $320 million on a cost basis of just under $1.2 billion. Turning to guidance, we have reaffirmed our solid guidance for 2024 that was initially provided in connection with our annual investor day on November 29th, with a few minor changes as outlined in our supplemental package on page four. Our range for guidance for EPS is $3.49 to $3.69, and our range for FFO per share diluted as adjusted is $9.37 to $9.57, with no change in the midpoint of $9.47, which represents a solid 5.6% growth in FFO per share, following excellent growth last year of 6.5%. Lastly, our ATM program expired in early January of this year upon the expiration of our shelf registration. So we do expect to file a new program here in the near future. With that, let me turn it over to Jill.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
So please open it up for questions, operator.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then 2. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble the roster. And our first question will come from Josh Dennerlein of Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead.
Josh Dennerlein
Analyst at Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Hey, guys. Thanks for the time. I just want to explore the occupancy uplift that you're assuming in Guide. How much of that occupancy uplift is just driven by leases you've already signed versus leasing that you're assuming that still has to get done?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yep. So, Mark, comment?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, sure. Hi, Josh. So, we do have about 300,000 square feet of leases that we've already signed that have not commenced. that will commence next year. So we have a good head start headed into 24. I think, you know, to put things into perspective, you know, we've got about 3.4 million of lease rolls next year. But after you back out the space that we've anticipated will go dark, that go into redevelopment or development, that only leaves you with about, you know, one, about 1.8 million square feet that's not resolved. So I think that number feels pretty manageable relative to our historical run rate on leasing.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah. So when Mark says next year, we're in 2024, but the next year from 23, which we're reporting, just so we're clear.
Josh Dennerlein
Analyst at Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Appreciate that. And then it looks like supply is going to peak this year. Just kind of what's your latest thoughts on timing for net effective rents, bottoming, and any kind of variation across your three core markets?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yep. So, Mark, Peter, you guys want to comment?
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Yeah, I'll take it. Hey, Josh. Hard to predict, but certainly the effects of 2023's supply has changed. been seen, net effective rents. We've seen TIs increase remarkably. We've talked about that before. TIs aren't going to go any further up because they're already pretty high. I'd say there's some pricing power to the tenant if they've got a very large requirement. But outside of that, I think things have been holding relatively well.
Josh Dennerlein
Analyst at Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Okay, I appreciate that. Thank you.
Operator
Conference Call Operator
Yep, thank you.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Anthony Paolone of J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.
Anthony Paolone
Analyst at J.P. Morgan
Yeah, thanks. First question is, it's early in the year and it seems like you're approaching the midpoint of your acquisition guide, so just curious if these were transactions that were in process when you were setting up the guidance or if you just are seeing a lot of stuff that's attractive or you, you, you feel like it's a time to play more offense.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah.
Anthony Paolone
Analyst at J.P. Morgan
The former Tony. Okay. So there's no like anticipation that, that you want to pick up. Yeah. Okay. And then just on, on the disposition side, um, you know, you, you talked about some of the non-core stuff, like having New York under contract, but like when you look at, the rest of the dispositions that you're thinking about for the rest of this year, do you think you'll have better execution on non-core sales? Or do you think selling stakes and more core, higher quality stuff is where you might get, you know, either more capital or better execution at this point?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, I think we're, I think as Mark and Peter have indicated, we're focused on really non-core, non-campus assets. So we feel pretty good about that. Okay.
Operator
Conference Call Operator
Sorry, thanks. Yep, thank you.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Vikram Mahotra of Mizuho. Please go ahead.
Vikram Mahotra
Analyst at Mizuho
Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions. Just wanted to get some maybe more color on the pipeline that you're kind of looking at today to, you know, deal with sort of expirations over the next 12 to 18 months, but also the developments, particularly what's delivering in sort of 25, 26, where maybe more leaves up is expected. So I don't know if you could give us some sort of wide range of like what is the pipeline square footage-wise of tenants you are at some stage of discussion with, or if not that, at least give us a sense of the composition. Are these large, small, by market, and any color that would be helpful, just to sort of bridge the leaves up that you have to do in terms of explorations and developments.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, so I don't think we would want to talk about pipeline. That, I think, is... pretty confidential stuff, Vikram, but I think you can assume, you know, every lease is somewhat different and every market is somewhat different. I mean, if you go back and look at, you know, the cargo therapeutics, that was a very unique lease in a very unique set of circumstances. So, it isn't like, you know, this is not a commodity product. This is generally a premium price non-commodity product. So, It's not like you have the same bunch of folks waiting for the same amount of space in the same kind of market type place. It's just not that kind of a business.
Vikram Mahotra
Analyst at Mizuho
Okay. And then just maybe one other topic, Biogen announced sort of rationalization of its office space. And I'm wondering if in your conversations with tenants across the portfolio, can you give us a sense of the latest thoughts on how they're thinking about office versus lab or office needs, whether it's remote work or just they took on too much space. How are the tenants thinking about office space they may have in their lab portfolios?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
That's always asked. Hallie, do you want to kind of comment on that?
Hallie Kuhn
SVP of Science and Technology in Capital Markets
Sure. And hi, Vikram. This is Hallie. I think we need to separate out the component of non-technical space adjacent to the labs These are desks largely for the researchers that are moving in and out of the labs through the day. There's no rationalization of that space. That space is needed. It's part of the workflow that scientists day in and day out are utilizing. Surely there are larger office requirements that as companies grow, that they will lease up if it's for their clinical or sales and marketing. That's a different set of questions. That is not who we are catering by and large. So when it comes to the lab space infrastructure, that space is not going to go away. We even have examples right now where that lab to non-technical space ratio is shifting. We need more desking. We have more scientists going in and out. People don't like to share the same space. They like their own desks. Just to make that clear, you really have to distinguish the two.
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Yeah, this is Peter. Just to be clear, Biogen's rationalizing their pure office space, nothing to do with their lab space.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, and remember, they're a big cap company, so like Big Pharma, they have kind of dedicated legions of people doing things in traditional office, if you will, so it's not a typical case. Okay, next question.
Vikram Mahotra
Analyst at Mizuho
Thank you.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yep, next question, operator.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Rich Anderson of Wedbush. Please go ahead.
Rich Anderson
Analyst at Wedbush
Hey, thanks. Good afternoon. I just wanted to ask about the impairment and specifically, you know, it's behind you now, but, you know, as a function of taking on what may be called, you know, kind of a creative approach to development in a different macro environment. And I'm curious if we can expect to see more in the way of an impairment type of model in 2024 as you part ways with non-core assets. Is this something that we might see repeat itself as the year progresses?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, Mark, do you want to comment on that?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, sure. Hi, Rich. Yeah, so, you know, under the accounting rules, you know, you can – the common way where you could have an impairment is at the point where you need an asset as hell for sale. So, um, as we get, you know, closer, closer to, uh, potentially committing to certain sales, it's, it's definitely possible that we could have additional impairments, but it's, it's really hard to say at this point as we're, we're still refining, um, refining our approach and which assets, uh, to sell. So hard to say at this point.
Rich Anderson
Analyst at Wedbush
Okay. And then second question, on the $114 million of free rent burn, that's good in the sense that, you know, you've got new cash flow coming in, but it's also, you know, free rent is what it is. It's not necessarily a good thing. Where does that compare, if you can quantify it, to the past and how much of it is a reflection of the current difficult, you know, headwinds that are facing you? And how do you expect that free rent sort of, exposure to trend on a go-forward basis.
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, hi, Rich. Yeah, so we did, yeah, we had $114 million of free rent that'll be burning off. I guess just to put that in perspective, we delivered $265 million of NOI this year. That's annual NOI. And a lot of those leases are are very long in term in nature. So it's not a direct correlation one for one, but if you just do the simple math there, it's less than half a year on what is generally on average, those types of leases are 10 years and longer. So I don't think it's something that we're super concerned with, but to be fair, free rent has trickled up a little bit as we've seen.
Rich Anderson
Analyst at Wedbush
But it's not glaringly higher or anything like that over the past few years. Is that correct?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
I mean, we published our free rent statistics, Rich, and I think it was about 3.3 months per year of rent at the end of last year, and I think we're at 0.6. So it's ticked up a little bit this year, but still relatively modest, you know, compared to the length of leases. Fair enough. Thank you.
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Yeah, hey, Rich, it's Peter. In the great financial crisis, it was more like one. So we're, you know, it's still pretty healthy considering the market dynamics. Great. Thanks, Peter. Thanks, everyone.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Thank you, Rich.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Michael Griffin of Citi. Please go ahead.
Michael Griffin
Analyst at Citi
Great, thanks. I want to go back to the cargo therapeutics lease at 835 Industrial. Joel, I know you mentioned that it was something specific driving that, but I was wondering if you can give any more color on what drove the decline in rents. Was it a function of cargo willing to take occupancy pretty quickly, or are there more worries about supply and where rental rates are going?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Well, I think the The key is, it's a good question, is it's one of those situations where you're trying to find the right key to fit the right lock, you know, an exact amount of space that comes, you know, vacant that one would not have wanted to be vacant due to a TRICA, and finding the exact space user of that space with literally very little downtime. And as I think Mark said, we had no TIs. So you don't wanna just let that kind of a tenant go into the market and choose from some assorted number of spaces that might be available now or in the future. And so you try to make the deal because it's the perfect lock fitting, the perfect key fitting, the right lock. And so that's kind of the story.
Michael Griffin
Analyst at Citi
Gotcha. That's helpful. And then I was wondering if you could provide any additional color on the recent asset sales, the ones in greater Boston and San Diego. It seems like they're aggregated in the supplemental and that given there, it seems like they're kind of lowly occupied. I'd be curious if you can kind of give us pricing, particularly on the asset in Cambridge. you know, maybe what a yield would be on a stabilized basis.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah. So, Peter, do you want to give some commentary?
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Yeah. I mean, speculating on what the Cambridge asset would be on a stabilized basis, I'd just kind of point to, you know, where we've seen stabilized things in Boston trade, ourselves, you know, in the low – to mid-fives with the NECO transaction we had a couple quarters ago. Boston Properties last quarter did something in the high fives, but it's about two or three years from cash flowing. So I pointed to in my commentary a 5.3% cap rate in Torrey Pines for a building that's fully leased long-term to a credit tenant, but that tenant's decided not to move in. So I've said it before, you know, we speculate that good, well-located assets with good credit and good lease term are going to be, you know, in the low fives. The sub-five cap rates are no longer with us due to rates. You know, hopefully that's helpful.
Michael Griffin
Analyst at Citi
Yep. That's it for me. Appreciate the time.
Operator
Conference Call Operator
Yep. Thank you.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Jim Kamert of Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.
Jim Kamert
Analyst at Evercore ISI
Thank you. Good afternoon. You know, thematically, in Alexandra's experience, you know, Hallie mentioned a lot of this positive M&A activity. Has that historically, in your experience, translated to a net increment in space demand across your portfolio? meaning, or is it more of a credit upgrade? I'm just trying to understand if the acquirers really tend to, over time, expand their lab footprint or they already have kind of underutilized space.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah. Hey, Jim, the way to think about that is every case is different. If it's a smaller company with a specific product, it's sometimes just bolted on and the space isn't necessarily, you know, utilized and maybe subleased or, you know, terminated. But oftentimes you find a strategic acquisition and they could be on the larger medium or even smaller side where companies I can think of, you know, the Bristol Myers Juno in Seattle back a number of years ago, where BMS wanted really to get into the self therapy issue. And that led not only to the acquisition, but a fairly big expansion. So if they're buying, if it's a strategic technology platform with multiple product shots on goal, Usually those end up with very, very good expansion results. If it's a smaller bolt-on, sometimes those don't. But every one is honestly different.
Jim Kamert
Analyst at Evercore ISI
Fair enough. And then a technical question, I'm sorry. You note that the fourth quarter sort of same store progression in the first half of this year will be a little repressed by the vacancy associated with four properties. What would have to happen at those properties from a leasing perspective from where they are today? to get the 3% same-story NOI guide at the bottom end of your range? I mean, does anything have to happen? Or I'm just trying to understand the order of magnitude in terms of incremental leasing for that portfolio to get you in your range.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah. So, Mark?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So, we gave the leased negotiating stats. I think it was about half of that, 64% was leased, and the other half was negotiation. And that stuff's expected to benefit that last half of the year. We do need to continue to make progress on that. But then, you know, we do have a significant amount of free rent that's contractual that has already been leased that will also, you know, contribute to the numbers in the back half of the year.
Jim Kamert
Analyst at Evercore ISI
Fair enough. Thank you.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Tom Catherwood of BTIG. Please go ahead.
Tom Catherwood
Analyst at BTIG
Thanks, and good afternoon, everyone. Peter, you've commented in past quarters on tenant space planning trending towards more just-in-time leasing. Is that still a fair characterization across your portfolio, or are you seeing some markets where tenants are getting ahead of their expirations to lock in space?
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Yeah. Decision-making has been slow. And, I mean, I guess what I've talked about is that and tenants not wanting to invest in space. So the preference has been to go into available built space, you know, things that are vacant or rolling or subleased rather than You know plan ahead and and move in 12 months later into a development project, a lot of that has to do with a lot of the requirements over the past year and a half, have been small. versus a larger requirement that you might not might not be easy to find and you need to put into a newer building but. You bet. I don't think anybody is waiting to the last minute. It's really a function of the size of the company. If you're under 15,000 square feet or even under 20,000 square feet, you probably have options. If you're above that, you definitely need to plan ahead because there's a lot less inventory than those sizes.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, I think the other way to think about that is the just-in-time inventory issue is really focused on primarily biotech companies' clinical stage that hit a milestone, and they need to move pretty rapidly to scale because of that milestone, which also yields funding, and that's where you get probably the most kick on the just-in-time space.
Tom Catherwood
Analyst at BTIG
Appreciate that. And that actually kind of leads into the second question, which is, you know, Peter, you had elevated concessions and we hear about that kind of across the market yet you know if we look at your second generation leasing costs in 23 they were a good bit lower than in 22 especially if we do it on a kind of you know per year average basis so can you speak maybe about how concessions are trending for new and renewal leases that existing properties as compared to leases at new developments and maybe where the economics are different on that side?
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
Yeah. I mean, the increase in the large increase in tenant improvement concessions has really been almost exclusively in new development space where you would traditionally give somebody $200 a foot plus or minus, depending on the market. with their rental rate and then expect them to invest into the rest of the space. That, as we've talked about, has gone to $300 a square foot. If you look at the operating portfolio, and you pointed out that the numbers prove this, that concession isn't needed because that space is already built out. And one of the beautiful things about our business is how the tenants or how the TIs are recyclable. So we build something out first generation. It's very rare that we have to put a material amount of money into it the next time around. And, you know, given that it's probably got a large investment from a tenant, the first generation tenant, we don't have to bump the rents, you know, much to make up for that additional investment, right, because we didn't make it. So it becomes, you know, a very valuable thing to a tenant to be able to move into something that's already built out. And so they aren't seeking the type of concessions that they are for new space. Now, it ties to what I said before. If you're in the, you know, a smaller set of space needs, you know, $25,000, thousand square feet or less, you might have some options to find. But once you get above that, it becomes tougher to find existing space. So you might end up going more towards new development where you would seek the concessions of higher TIs, but you're also paying higher rents.
Tom Catherwood
Analyst at BTIG
Appreciate the color. Thanks, everyone.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yep. Thank you, Tom.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Jamie Feldman of Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Jamie Feldman
Analyst at Wells Fargo
Great. Thanks for taking my question. So if you look at your 24 expiration schedule, the amount of expirations moving into redevelopment declined 30% in this supplemental from 41% when you initially gave guidance. Do you think that's a number that's going to continue to trend lower as the year moves on, or is that more driven by dispositions? Maybe just talk about what changed. and what may change going forward.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, Mark, you want to comment on that?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, sure. I think last quarter, or at least as of Investor Day, we did have the 219 East 42nd Street asset in there as something that we thought that we would redevelop or develop turned out that we've decided to sell that asset. Aside from that, it's been pretty consistent from the last quarter. I think a lot of those redevelopment assets are in great locations in places that we'd like to be, but certainly as we go through our process to look at non-core assets, it's always possible that we find things in there that could potentially be sold.
Jamie Feldman
Analyst at Wells Fargo
Okay, thanks for that. And then the 95 to 125 million of investment gains that you plan to include in earnings. You said you took an impairment recently. I mean, what gives you conviction that you can hit those numbers? And do you think you'll see more impairments netting that out?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, we did have some impairments during the quarter here, Jamie. But I think, you know, when we look back over three years, we've averaged like, you know, 96 million over the last three years per year. And so over a longer period, when we look back, you know, the impairments have been pretty modest relative to the size of those gains. So I think, you know, we're thinking about the things that Hallie mentioned up front just with some renewed excitement around M&A, you know, that we feel pretty comfortable with that number headed into next year.
Jamie Feldman
Analyst at Wells Fargo
Do you mean that you think you'll see some increase in values and take gains on that? Or based on where values are today, you still can deliver that 95 to 125?
Mark Binda
Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, hard to say where values go. Yeah, I think we're talking about the, you know, the values today. I think if you look on balance sheet, we've got something like north of 300 million of, you know, unrealized gains that we could tap. And part of it, too, to be fair, Jamie, a lot of it is outside of our control, you know, whether it's an M&A event or an acquisition by a big pharma or so forth. Some of it's hard to predict because, you know, these things kind of happen when they happen.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
But the fact that we've reiterated guidance here, I think, Jamie, should give you comfort that we think we can hit those numbers pretty comfortably. Otherwise, we wouldn't stick with it.
Jamie Feldman
Analyst at Wells Fargo
Okay. That makes sense. Thank you.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The next question comes from Michael Carroll of RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Michael Carroll
Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
Thanks. I believe you touched on this earlier, but I wanted to see if I can ask it a different way just regarding overall leasing activity. I know that some tenants have been delaying decisions just given the uncertain environment. Are there any examples of this starting to loosen up just given the prospect of interest rates that could continue to drop? Is that activity or urgency for tenants? Is that starting to pick up here?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Well, I think, again, if you go back to Hallie's comments and think about the different sectors, each sector is kind of driven by different issues when it comes to, say, big pharma or big cap bio. Those, you know, those are dependent upon their needs and not on the vicissitudes of, you know, the capital markets today or whatever. But then you contrast those to clinical stage biotech who are waiting, you know, to hit a clinical milestone or not, then those, that's where, you know, and Peter's reemphasized this a number of times, boards want to be really careful not to get ahead of their skis. So it really depends on, you know, the sector that, you know, you're looking at. It's not a one-size-shoe-fits-all, if you will.
Michael Carroll
Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
Okay. Okay. And then on the five projects that are scheduled to be stabilized in 2025, I mean, how are the leasing prospects on those specific buildings? And I know that we're still a year out from the expected stabilization, but when should we start to see leases getting signed in those projects? What are going to be done here in the next few quarters? Is that a good way to think about it?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yep. So maybe let's do this since we're doing fourth quarter and year end 2023. Let us And Peter, make a note of this. We'll specifically address that on our first quarter call if you don't mind.
Michael Carroll
Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
Okay, great. Thanks, Joel.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Okay, thank you.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
Our last question comes from Dylan Berzinski of Green Street. Please go ahead.
Dylan Berzinski
Analyst at Green Street
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Peter, just wanted to go back to one of the comments you made regarding one of the questions asked a little bit earlier. on $200 a square foot for new development leases for TIs being the norm last year versus $300 a square foot today. Would you attribute that to solely the imbalance between supply and demand today, or do you expect that to sort of be the new normal moving forward?
Peter Doornbos Jr.
President and COO
I think it's the new normal going forward. I mean, it's driven certainly by more competition in the market but it's also driven by the higher cost to build out space. It's been a considerable increase in construction costs, as you guys all know, and I used to comment on. So, that alone, I mean, you know, the availability numbers will eventually resolve themselves, but the costs are what they are, and, you know, the tenants are willing to invest in the space, but only to a certain degree. So I think that that number is here to stay.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah. And again, I think you have to distinguish different sectors have different tolerances for investing in space, and they can be pretty dramatically different. And as Peter said, the structural inflation that we have brought on ourselves over the last number of years as a country and really as a world, is pretty much here to stay. And that's true across all real estate classes.
Dylan Berzinski
Analyst at Green Street
Okay, appreciate the details on that. And then one more on sort of the dispositions. You know, you mentioned focusing on non-core, non-campus-like assets. Could you just talk about sort of the typical buyer profile on who's in bidding tents when you go to market with those types of assets?
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Yeah, I think we'd rather not get into that issue and just let it be at this moment. I don't think we want to discuss that on an earnings call. Sorry.
Dylan Berzinski
Analyst at Green Street
Okay. That's all I had. Thanks, guys.
Operator
Conference Call Operator
Yep.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Joel Marcus for any closing remarks.
Joel Marcus
Executive Chairman and Founder
Thank you, everybody, and look forward to our call for first quarter. And again, safe and healthy new year.
Conference Call Host
Host / Operator
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation, and you may now disconnect.
Disclaimer