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Brookfield Asset Management Inc Class A Limited Voting Shares
Q4 2022 Earnings Conference Call
2/8/2023
Operator
Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Brookfield Asset Management 2022 Q4 conference call and webcast. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star 1 1 on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand has been raised. To withdraw your question, please press star 1 1 again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Managing Partner, Branding and Communications, Suzanne Fleming.
Suzanne Fleming
Thank you, Operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Brookfield Asset Management's first earnings call. On the call today are Bruce Flatt, our Chief Executive Officer, Connor Teske, President of Brookfield Asset Management, and Bahir Menios, our Chief Financial Officer. Bruce will start the call today with opening remarks, followed by Connor, who will talk about some of the themes we're focused on. And finally, Behear will discuss financial and operating results for the business. After our formal comments, we'll turn the call over to the operator and take analyst questions. In order to accommodate all those who want to ask questions, we ask that you refrain from asking more than two questions at one time. If you have additional questions, please rejoin the queue and we'll be happy to take any additional questions at the end as time permits. I'd like to remind you that in today's comments, including in responding to questions and in discussing new initiatives in our financial and operating performance, we may make forward-looking statements, including forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable Canadian and U.S. securities law. These statements reflect predictions of future events and trends and do not relate to historic events. They are subject to known and unknown risks, and future events and results may differ materially from such statements. For further information on these risks and their potential impacts on our company, please see our filings with the securities regulators in Canada and the US and the information available on our website. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Bruce.
Bruce Flatt
Thank you, Suzanne. Welcome to everyone on the call and welcome to the new Brookfield Asset Management. This is our first earnings call since we completed the distribution and listing of 25% of the asset management business in December, which is now trading under the symbol BAM. 2022 was a record year for our business. We raised $93 billion of capital. Our fee-related earnings increased by 25%, and our assets under management currently stand at nearly $800 billion. But here, Emmanuel will go through our operating and fundraising performance in more detail in his remarks. The global macro environment in the past year was characterized by several key dynamics driving market uncertainty and volatility, namely elevated levels of inflation and corresponding interest rate increases. Although inflation appears to have peaked in most countries, it is possible that certain structural dynamics prove harder to abate, such as the effects of de-globalization energy security, and a tight supply of skilled labor. This may result in continued near-term volatility and downward pressure on corporate earnings, which have cyclical exposure. However, at the same time, the recent reopening of markets in Asia has increased both supply and demand for goods and services on a global scale, also providing a boost to the world economy. This uncertainty also resulted in volatility within the public markets, which in many ways underscored the value of a highly diversified portfolio with exposure to alternative investments. Our business proved its resiliency over the past year. Connor Teske will speak more about what our strategies are focused on today, but at a high level, We've aligned our business around the dominant global secular trends of digitization, deglobalization, and decarbonization that we believe will require trillions of dollars of investment over the next decades. These trends will be extremely beneficial for our market-leading infrastructure, renewables, and transition strategies. As a reminder, we own one of the largest portfolios of inflation-protected assets in the world. Our underlying businesses are essential in nature and therefore continue to generate stable and growing cash flows throughout cycles. These assets are highly cash-generative with high margins and are largely inflation-protected, hence are very attractive to investors through market cycles. These factors, combined with our focus on investing in high quality assets and proactive asset management, have continued to strong performance in our underlying businesses despite broader market uncertainty. In addition, we expect the current economic climate will highlight the preeminence of our credit platform. Having one of the most sophisticated credit managers as part of our franchise diversifies our business makes us better investors and ensures that we can raise and successfully deploy capital at all points in an economic cycle. Lastly, I wanted to underscore that while the stock is new in the form of a standalone public company, our asset management business has been 25 years in the making, and this business has been vesting our own capital for over a century. This heritage and long track record provides the foundation for our next phase of growth. Our scale track record over a long period of time is extremely valuable. It means that we're a beneficiary of the capital flows that are increasingly gravitating to the largest multi-asset class managers in a period of industry consolidation. Our business is positioned around the leading secular global drivers of capital across renewable power transition, infrastructure, real estate, and credit. We believe every day, we speak every day to the world's largest institutions and the people that oversee the allocation of these pools of capital. These are the strategies they are highly focused on in this current environment. We have $175 billion of capital across the broader Brookfield organization. This is our own discretionary permanent capital that can be invested along with the funds of Brookfield Asset Management. This is one of the benefits of the broader Brookfield structure and is unrivaled in the industry. Our business is highly diversified. This enables the business to continue growing and keep deploying capital through economic cycles. Each one of the business groups is highly specialized and set up to find opportunities in markets like we are seeing today. And finally, we take an immense amount of pride in the relationships we have built with our global group of more than 2,000 clients. Delivering superior investment performance for our clients is extremely important. Equally as important, though, is consistently providing them with the highest level of service and constantly innovating to meet their needs. Thank you for your continued support, and I'll pass it over to Connor to talk about our themes for investing and a little bit about what we're currently focused on.
Suzanne
Thank you, Bruce, and good morning, everyone. As Bruce noted, the broader markets remain more volatile. However, dislocation in financial markets has historically created some of the most attractive risk-adjusted investment opportunities for those investors who have dry powder to put to work. With approximately $90 billion of undrawn capital across our funds, it is shaping up to be a very interesting and active year from an investment perspective across the business. On today's call, we want to focus on some of the themes we are seeing within both the renewables and transition platform and also the private credit sector. These are segments that will benefit from immense secular tailwinds, and our market-leading franchises are well positioned to take advantage of the large and growing opportunity that is in front of us. We'll start off by discussing our transition strategy centered around the theme of decarbonization. In 2021, we closed a $15 billion fund called the Brookfield Global Transition Fund, or BGTS, which today is the largest fund globally that is focused on decarbonization and the transition to net zero. This fund took our transition franchise from zero to 15 billion in just 18 months. And this is a space which represents a great opportunity to create long-term value for BAM. thanks to significant macro tailwinds for the strategy and strong initial deployment that we've seen within the fund, we expect this business to scale to over $200 billion within the next 10 years. One of the reasons our investors have chosen to invest with us is because they recognize that in order to be a successful investor in decarbonization, it is essential to not only have access to capital, but to have deep operating expertise and market knowledge, particularly in power markets and renewables, both of which Brookfield has a proven track record in. Through Brookfield Renewable, we are one of the largest investors in renewable power. We have almost $75 billion of assets under management and 135,000 megawatts of capacity in either operations or development stages around the world. That places Brookfield Renewable among the largest renewables companies globally, but the only one that is diversified across all major regions and all major clean energy technologies. We cannot underscore enough that having a capability in renewables is a critical prerequisite to success in transition investing. BGTF will make investments into emission reduction and emission avoidance projects worldwide. Transition investing provides us an opportunity to make a positive impact without taking any discounts on financial returns. We are focused on investing in high-quality businesses and proven technologies where we have strong cash flow visibility and downside protection and where we are able to exercise our significant control or influence to generate value under our ownership. In terms of focus, Our investment strategy is unique in that we are willing to go where the emissions are. We will look to invest in and alongside some of the world's hardest to abate but critical sectors such as power, industrials, transport, and energy. We want to provide a couple of examples to highlight the opportunity. In the power space, we are looking for opportunities where we can buy businesses that may have existing thermal generation with the goal to help them decarbonize. Our strategy will be to rationalize and convert some of that existing thermal capacity while simultaneously leveraging our access to capital and development expertise to build out new renewables to provide clean power generation going forward. In the industrial sector, we are seeing opportunities to partner with the largest corporates from around the world to provide capital at scale and expertise to transition their businesses to proven low carbon products and solutions that they will require to support their own net zero goals. Due to the large investment opportunity, which we estimate to be $150 trillion between now and 2050, we believe that BGTF will be just the first in a series of funds within the transition space. Given our pace of deployment, we expect that we'll be back in the market in the near term with our next fund. Further, we don't expect our transition activities to stop at VGTS. We will look to continue to expand our product offerings as you have seen us do with other Brookfield verticals, potentially through the launch of perpetual entities, credit funds, and products specifically dedicated to our private wealth channel. We are also seeing increased opportunities to leverage our industry-leading decarbonization expertise to make more educated investments into a wider set of opportunities across the entire Brookfield ecosystem, such as in infrastructure, private equity, and real estate. Switching gears to private credit. Private credit is a sector that has been growing in importance since the global financial crisis. but more recently is playing a critical role for borrowers. Traditional sources of capital from the leveraged finance and bank markets are less accessible compared to a year ago. The outflows of capital in the leveraged finance market reflect concerns related to higher interest rates and the prospects of a recession in certain markets. Even though there is less debt available, the need for capital remains highly resilient. Many industries, like renewables and telecoms, are continuing to grow quickly. Debt maturity walls cannot be ignored, and mergers and acquisitions continue, even if at a slightly slower pace. Therein lies the opportunity for us to play an even more valuable role as a one-stop shop with not only different types of equity capital, but also different forms of private credit to address the financing objectives of borrowers. Brookfield's private credit businesses, including its real estate and infrastructure mezzanine debt platforms, its special investment platform within our private equity group, and Oak Tree have been filling a void created by the current market disruption while also achieving favorable market terms and structures. Brookfield's strong track record of investing in real estate, infrastructure, and private equity provides a deep understanding and our global reach and deep network of relationships translates this into attractive financing opportunities. Especially in this environment, Brookfield's flexible capital and ability to underwrite large investments while offering speed and certainty of funding is a meaningful competitive advantage and highlights our importance as a key partner to borrowers. Private capital can deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns, Generally, investors benefit from lower default and higher recovery rates due to the thorough due diligence process and greater lender protections that de-risk investments. As such, more investors are investing in private credit strategies, and we have seen this through the success we've had in raising capital for private credit funds across our verticals, including our real estate finance fund, our infrastructure debt fund, and our special investment fund, that can provide the full envelope of capital solutions for corporates across all sectors. That concludes my remarks for today. We will now pass it on to Bahir to discuss our operating and financial results.
Bruce
Great. Thank you, Conor, and good morning, everyone. As this is our first quarter reporting to you on our financial results as a standalone company, I wanted to just take a minute to explain the basis of our presentation. Brookfield Asset Management, which we often refer to as our asset management business, is owned 25% by the public via Brookfield Asset Management Limited, which trades on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol BAM or BAM, with the remaining 75% being owned by Brookfield Corporation. My remarks today will be focused on the results for Brookfield Asset Management on a 100% basis, which we believe is the most relevant way to describe our financial and operating performance going forward. I wanted to cover off three things on today's call. First, I'll touch on our financial results for the fourth quarter and for the 12 months ended December 31st, 2022. Second, I'll provide an operations update focused on our fundraising efforts and end off by providing an outlook for the business and an overview of the key investment highlights for Brookfield Asset Management. So starting off on results, I'm pleased to report this morning that a robust fourth quarter capped off an exceptional year for our business. We delivered strong financial results and exceeded a number of our fundraising targets that we set out for ourselves at the start of the year. This was all during a challenging economic backdrop and really showcases the resilience and fundamental strength of our business. Fee-related earnings, or FRE, increased 26% before performance fees compared to the prior year, finishing the year with $2.1 billion, or $1.29 on a per share basis. This was driven by an increase of 20% in our fee revenues over the year, which benefited from capital raised and deployed within our flagship strategies, growth in our perpetual strategies, and capital deployed across our business. We also experienced a 200 basis point increase in our margins compared to the prior year, as our teams showed discipline managing their cost structures and also we saw scale coming into play. Our margins for the year were 58%, which we expect to maintain in 2023 and onwards. Distributable earnings increased by 21% in 2022, before performance fees, to almost $2.1 billion or $1.28 per share, driven by the strong growth in FRE, which was partially offset by higher taxes for the year. In the fourth quarter, FRE was 576 million or 35 cents per share and our distributable earnings were 569 million or 35 cents per share. Excluding performance fees recorded in the prior year that are typically lumpy in nature, our results were up 26% at the FRE level and 23% on a DE basis. Fueling this growth was an increase of 19% in base management fees combined with some margin expansion, as discussed previously. On the operations front, we had a good quarter on the fundraising side. We raised a total of $14 billion of capital in the period, capping off a record year, as Bruce touched on earlier. We closed the year with $418 billion of fee-bearing capital, which increased by 15% compared to the prior year. In total, we raised $93 billion of capital this year, which is 30% higher than last year, resulting in a record year for our business. We were very pleased to see that the capital raised this year was spread out very well across many of our strategies, showcasing the great diversification that we have. Our flagship funds raised a total of $37 billion of capital benefiting from a record first close of $20 billion for our fifth infrastructure fund and a strong first close of $8.5 billion for our sixth private equity fund. We raised $11 billion from a number of our closed-end credit funds, namely our infrastructure debt fund and Oaktree's life sciences lending and special situations funds. We also saw an increase in the assets that we managed for our insurance solutions business, increased by $23 billion for the year. And finally, a total of $12 billion was raised across our various perpetual strategies, most significant contributor being our infrastructure super core strategy. Looking ahead, we believe that the combination of developing global economic headwinds and ongoing public market volatility is creating a ripe environment for opportunistic investing and bodes well for several fund launches in 2023. Notably, we plan to commence fundraising for our fifth flagship real estate fund, our second special investments fund, and our second transition fund, all in the first half of 2023. We also continue to build out our private wealth channel. Having recently launched our infrastructure income fund, we've been encouraged by the early indications we've received thus far. In addition, and while not material to our overall portfolio, our non-traded REIT saw net positive inflows in the fourth quarter. Turning to the outlook, with respect to fee-related earnings, we're forecasting for yet another significant step up in our results for the few years ahead. Our growth for the next two years is quite visible and is expected to be driven by first, significant contribution from the latest vintages of our flagship funds that we've either started fundraising for or ones that we expect to launch in the first half of 2023. Second, growth that we should continue to see from the continued expansion of our various perpetual strategies. most notably our super core infrastructure strategy that has been very successful to date and where demand from investors continues to be strong. Third, a significant step up in our credit business where we expect to have a record year of fundraising in addition to growth fueled by our growing insurance solutions business. All in all, despite the volatility in the markets, we entered 2023 from a position of strength and have a great deal of confidence for the future of this business. And it's with this strong business backdrop we designed the new BAM Security to provide investors with direct access to our leading global asset management business. As a reminder, the new Brookfield Asset Management has the following key attributes. First, a cash flow stream that's extremely resilient. Most of our $418 billion of fee-bearing capital is invested in long-term private funds that have perpetual or over 10-year lives. Second, distributable earnings that are almost entirely made up of our stable and annuity-like fee-related earnings, making our cash flow generation profile simple to understand, stable, and easy to predict. An asset-light balance sheet that is exceptionally strong with no debt and cash and financial assets of over $3 billion. And finally, an expectation to return the vast majority of the cash that we generate in this business to our shareholders via dividends and, when it makes sense, stock buybacks. We believe the combination of these characteristics generates an excellent long-term investment for shareholders. This security should provide us with added additional optionality for acquisitions should the right opportunities present themselves. And lastly, before I conclude my remarks for the day, we're pleased to report that on the back of these excellent financial results, solid balance sheet, and a strong outlook for the business, the Board of Brookfield Asset Management Limited declared a quarterly dividend of $0.32 per share payable on March 31st, 2023, the shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 28th, 2023. That wraps up our prepared remarks for this morning. Thank you for joining the call. We appreciate the interest and we'll open it up now for questions. Operator?
Operator
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone. and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster.
Jeff
And our first question comes from the line of Sherrilyn Radburn with TD Securities.
spk21
Thanks very much and good morning.
Cheryl
You mentioned in the letter that the alternative space is undergoing a period of consolidation, and clearly fundraising has become more difficult for some. So I was wondering if you could give some color on the level of consolidation activity that took place last year, what you're expecting to see in 2023, and comment on BAM's appetite to potentially add to its platform through M&A.
Suzanne
Sure. Cheryl, it's Connor. I'll take that one. In terms of consolidation within the space, the place where we're seeing this most obviously is we're increasingly seeing large institutional LPs looking to concentrate their capital amongst a smaller number of managers, but those managers who can offer them a greater diversity of products. And We certainly feel that we've been the beneficiary of that in the last 12 to 24 months. As we've rounded out our portfolio, increasingly not only with our flagships, but also our complementary products, whether they be our debt products, our perpetual funds, and increasingly funds that cater to the private wealth channel. We do expect this to continue in the coming years. And perhaps this is one of the reasons why we have such a robust and positive outlook for fundraising in 2023 when we know that there are some pockets of weakness for other market participants. Maybe just turning to the second part of your question around appetite for M&A. Obviously, with the spin-out, we now have a currency that we could use for inorganic growth. And these are opportunities that we are going to continuously monitor and review in the market. But similar to how we have in the past, we intend to be very, very selective. When we want to enter into a new space, it is always a build versus buy decision for us and which can we do more accretively. And from there, a potential partner or a potential target for inorganic growth needs to be scalable. and needs to add something to our platform that we don't already have. So we will continue to monitor the market, and we will look for those opportunities, but we do expect to be selective going forward.
Cheryl
Okay, that's helpful. My second question relates to the transition fund, where I think the relatively rapid pace of deployment has surprised investors to some degree. So thank you for the added detail on that. Maybe you could go a bit further and just give us some color on the composition of that portfolio across the various buckets that you outlined in your prepared remarks and where those various buckets sit relative to each other on the risk-return spectrum.
Suzanne
Certainly. So as it pertains to the transition strategy and BGTF1, what we would say is The product launch was very successful, but perhaps what was even more successful was just the number of very attractive opportunities that came our way as we were the market leader with the largest pool of capital focused on these types of decarbonization opportunities. And when we look at that portfolio today, it was invested amongst great themes that we're thrilled to have deployed capital into. You know, there's a large component of that portfolio that is focused on U.S. renewable power developers that are benefiting from the IRA today. There's the acquisition of Westinghouse, which is benefiting from the significant tailwinds for nuclear. And we've also put together a very, very attractive portfolio of new decarbonization solutions, whether it be carbon capture, battery storage, or recycling. It's that execution and the number of opportunities that we've seen that gives us confidence that we'll be back in the market for the next vintage of that fund sooner rather than later. And then to your question around what other complementary products will we look to add? We're going to start by looking to get the next version of the flagship out into the market. But from there, we would expect that over time we'll be able to offer the full suite of complementary products similar to what we've done in our infrastructure and real estate businesses. We think this theme is well positioned for both credit and a perpetual strategy, but those will come in future years.
BGTF1
Great. Thank you for the time.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Alex Blostein with Goldman Sachs.
Alex Blostein
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking the question and congrats on the spinoff. Maybe we could start with real estate. There are two sort of broader questions I was hoping to drill into, one on the opportunistic side and one on the core side. As you pointed out, you've deployed a lot of capital out of Fund 4 pretty rapidly and highlighted you'll be back in the market with Fund 5 later this year. Real estate market is still quite uncertain. Lots of skeptics out there, obviously, on the direction of travel there. What's the pitch to your LPs today on why to commit to opportunistic real estate in current environment? And as we look back at the track record, there hasn't been a ton of capital return from private ventures. So to what extent could that be a hurdle as you're kind of thinking about sizing up the next one? And then my follow-up will be on the core side.
Suzanne
Bruce, if there's anything you'd like to add at that point, I'll hand to you. In terms of the pitch on opportunistic real estate, We would say it's pretty simple. Our real estate business, which is one of our longest running franchises, has traditionally found the best opportunities and done its best investments in uncertain environments like the ones that we are entering into. So the fact that maybe the direction of travel is a little bit uncertain, to use your words, is actually the opportunity that is created for this vehicle. And we do think we'll provide a number of very, very attractive risk-adjusted return opportunities. Said another way, we think the market dynamics actually play to our strengths. When it comes to monetizations, I think you're highlighting a dynamic in real estate, but it's an important dynamic, I would say, across all of our strategies, which is because we have continued to scale our flagship funds and expect to continue to do so going forward, the assets that we are selling out of predecessor funds and the total quantum of investments that we need to sell out of those funds is actually very modest compared to the new funds that we are raising and the capital we are putting to work. That is why we have such conviction about the future growth in our fee-related earnings. But the other point we would highlight is While there is some market uncertainty that is making some asset classes a little bit more difficult to monetize, across our real estate, our infrastructure, our renewable funds, we truly own best-in-class assets and best-in-class businesses. And those are the assets that we are seeing more robustly hold their value in this market and are more easy to monetize. So we do expect next year to be an active year, both on the investment side and the monetization side. Bruce, anything you would add?
Jeff
Bruce is good. Okay. Alex, your followup.
Alex Blostein
Great. Well, thanks. So the followup is, um, on core, both real estate, but also broadly, you guys have been very successful raising, uh, in super core infra, uh, historically core real estate has been a nice contributor as well. So as you think about the opportunity set and again, kind of the pitch on core to clients, uh, in light of higher interest rates, um, How does that proposition sort of change, right? Because in many ways, core has been viewed as a fixed income replacement tool with higher interest rates. There obviously is more yield sort of available in liquid credit markets. So to what extent does that present a hurdle to core as a franchise, both real estate and infra? And as you think about monetizing some of those opportunities, we've seen a number of your peers have a fee-related performance kind of revenue component to core product. Is that something that we should be thinking about at some point in time for Brookfield as well, either in real estate or infra? Thanks.
Suzanne
Sure. So perhaps I'll start with the first part of that question, just around the core strategies. The current environment, and in particular, I would say not necessarily the rise of interest rates, because that can be readily priced in into new acquisitions to ensure that we're still delivering very attractive risk-adjusted returns, but simply the volatility around interest rates that may cause some short-term ebbs and flows in interesting core products. But I would say those short-term ebbs and flows are being dramatically overwhelmed by, take for example, in infrastructure, the huge amount of capital that is looking to enhance their exposure to the highly de-risked, highly regulated, highly contracted, high-quality infrastructure asset space. So while there has been you know, some uncertainty around interest rates. We expect that product, particularly on the infrastructure side, to continue to grow very, very rapidly. We're continuing to see strong inflows into that fund. And on the real estate side, it's more or less the same story. Our core products are spread around the world across different regions. We have some that target institutions. We have some that target the private wealth channel. But even across those, our real estate product that targeted the private wealth channel did have net inflows in Q4. So we are continuing to see demand and just being selective and reacting to what different clients are looking for. And they continue to show consistent demand for this type of product. In terms of the comments about... a performance type fee, we continue to be very thoughtful and prudent around how we structure these products, recognizing that it often is a different type of investor base, one focused on a much longer return horizon or retail investors. And therefore, we are seeing what is happening in the market and taking that into account, but I wouldn't suggest that we intend to adjust any of our performance fee structures in the near term.
spk16
Great. Thanks so much for taking both questions.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Jeff Kwan with RBC Capital Markets.
Jeff Kwan
Hi, good morning. On the fundraising side, you and a number of your larger peers have talked about the improving fundraising environment in your Q4 comments. I know it's hard to generalize just for the broader industry, and you've consistently talked about not having fundraising issues yourself, but just wondering what you might attribute to the change in tone overall around an improved fundraising environment.
Suzanne
Certainly. Without being too redundant, we do really focus on two major things. One is there continues to be an increasing allocation towards alternatives. Alternative and real assets with their cash generative downside protected attributes, but also their ability to provide attractive equity upside. they probably look increasingly more attractive after periods of public market volatility, particularly the ones we've seen over the last three or four years. So there does continue to be significant inflows into the alternative and real asset sectors. But then perhaps more particular to ourselves, we do feel that we are very fortunate to have leading global franchises in the subsegment of real assets that are seeing the greatest capital inflows. And in particular, that's the three of infrastructure, transition, and credit. Those asset classes and those products perform exceptionally well in volatile markets. And I think more robust outlooks around those segments are probably what is buoying the sector more broadly.
Jeff Kwan
Okay, that's helpful. And this is my second question, which is in light of the – the Brookfield Reinsurance acquisition announcement this morning of Argo and with what higher rates that we've got right now, are you finding more opportunities to kind of scale up that reinsurance business and therefore help grow the FRE at them?
Suzanne
Jeff, thanks for the question. And it probably creates an opportunity to highlight something that's really important here. That acquisition was done by Brookfield Corporation. So Brookfield Asset Management, this entity, really has nothing to do with that transaction or the invested capital related to it. However, we do expect to be the beneficiary over the long term because we would expect to get more asset management products and asset management revenues from managing the capital within BAM Reinsurance over time. So we did not do that deal. We did not make that investment. But we do expect to be the beneficiary as that business scales up, as we grow our insurance solution business and generate asset management fees from that.
Jeff
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question comes from the line of Ken Worthington with JP Morgan.
Ken Worthington
Hi, good morning and thank you for taking the questions. First, real estate, it looked like there were inflows of about $11 billion this quarter, driving a big step up in fee-bearing capital. Based on your comments on the call, it doesn't seem like it was a ginormous final close for BEZREP4. So where are the assets being raised or where were they raised this quarter? And then on real estate, there was also a $4.22 billion increase to fee bearing capital in a bucket called other, you know, what is that? And, and are the fees commensurate with sort of the average of the asset class?
Bruce
I can it's a, it's been here. Thanks for your question. Uh, predominantly, uh, most of that, uh, relates to. Brookfield Corporation capital that we are now managing. And now given the spinoff happened, Brookfield Asset Management, which in the past hadn't charged fees on those funds, will be charging fees on a go-forward basis on those strategies. So from a fee-bearing capital perspective, It made it into the numbers. The transaction closed in December. The income pickup was very, very minor, so you didn't see that in the earnings, but that will be a contributor to our results on a go-forward basis.
Ken Worthington
Okay. Great. Thank you. And then maybe for Bruce, the more richly valued BAM stock price would seem to afford more opportunities to acquire more investment capabilities. and BAM did announce the acquisition of DWS's secondaries business last week. In terms of Brookfield's capital management priorities, where do you put M&A in for 2023, and how do you see the opportunities and environment for private markets M&A this year? Thanks.
Bruce
So, look, I would say the following. First is that...
Bruce Flatt
This company, BAM, is in a very, very good spot. We have exceptional businesses. They're growing fast. And we have really good assets. To be able to do M&A, it means that you're selling something of what we own today and buying something of something else, because we have a small amount of cash. And of course, we can do transactions like we just did, which take modest amounts of cash. But if it's anything larger, means you're selling part of your business to buy something else. So it needs to hit a very high test. And Connor stated the parts earlier, which is they need to be additive to the overall franchise. They have to be best in class. They have to be scalable. And they have to be something that we don't do today or can't build ourselves. And if one of those comes along, we'd be thrilled to be able to add it to the franchise. But we don't have any expectations of something happening in 2023.
Operator
Great.
Ken Worthington
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Mike Brown with KBW.
Mike Brown
I guess just following up on the acquisition question there. So you did acquire the DWS Secondaries business last week. What are your aspirations for the growth of your secondaries business and how would you characterize the strategy and your thoughts on really gaining more scale in that business?
Suzanne
Certainly. So we are excited about the secondary space more broadly and have been adding secondaries capabilities across previously real estate and infrastructure and now we've added it to private equity and the fundamentals for the space are very attractive because all you need to do is look at the historic inflows into alternatives, you know, five, seven, ten years back, and that is proving to be what is the secondaries market today on a lagged basis. And given the strong growth we've seen over the last decade, we see a large and growing market for secondaries that we now feel that we're well positioned to take advantage of. In terms of what we intend to do in leveraging those capabilities, this is where I would say Brookfield's access to capital and its ability to think of unique and flexible transaction structures to benefit its counterparties can be very additive. And given our deep knowledge of a lot of the segments where the secondaries opportunities sit, we often actually have knowledge of the underlying assets or underlying capability or sorry, underlying assets or underlying companies that are subject to these trades. So we do think this is a space that we're well positioned to take advantage of and we can be a leader in. But in terms of the types of different products and solutions, we would expect to be able to offer all of them, but primarily focused on GP solutions to start.
Mike Brown
Okay, great. And then just changing gears to credit, so we saw that there was $6 billion of outflows from the credit and solutions business. Can you just touch on those key drivers? And then as you talked about the private credit opportunity, clearly BAM's strengths and globality certainly put you in a good position to continue to benefit from secular growth there. But as you look across the platform, is there any areas where you see, you know, opportunities, white space opportunities to continue to invest? And is there any potential for inorganic growth to kind of help you continue to take advantage of that secular growth?
Suzanne
Sure. So a couple things to unpack there. When it comes to the outflows on the credit and insurance solution side, those are – those were – largely in our public securities and some of our more liquid credit strategies. And it is not unusual to see outflows when there's market downdrafts like we saw in Q4. What I would say is we're already beginning to see a bounce back in that activity. And given Oak Tree's preeminent position in that market, they usually are the beneficiary of seeing those inflows come back faster than anyone else. As Bahir mentioned, over 80% of our capital is in perpetual or long-term committed funds, so this isn't a particularly material part of our business. When it comes to the private credit opportunity, obviously for banks, our businesses such as Oak Tree or our BSI product within our private equity platform, they can really look to replace some of the void that is existing in leveraged loan markets. That perhaps is obvious. What might not be obvious, which is a very big market for us on the credit side, is we do essentially see almost every major transaction across the spaces of real estate, infrastructure, renewables, and transition. And in some of those cases, we aren't the winning bidder. But even if we can't be the winning bidder on the equity side, we know the asset well, we know the process, we were engaged in it, and we can be a credit provider to the eventual buyer given our knowledge of the underlying asset. And I do think that's where the benefits of the broader Brookfield ecosystem will play out, as we will be able to be large investors in credit amongst the real asset space where we are traditionally known as an equity investor.
Bruce
And Mike, it's Bahir, and maybe if I can just add to Connor's comments. You know, as our insurance business continues to scale further, That's going to be a big contributor to the growth of the liquid credit strategies going forward because approximately 25% or a third of our total assets that we manage for the insurance business get deployed in those liquid strategies. It's quite a meaningful number today, and that will only continue to get bigger in the future as we continue to scale our insurance business. I hope that helps.
Mike Brown
Yes, very helpful. Thank you for taking my questions.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Mario Saric with Scotiabank.
Mario Saric
Hi, good morning. In the market, there's been a lot of focus on the high net worth retail channel these days. I understand your exposure is quite low today in relation to your peers, and it was interesting to hear the net positive flows into your B-REIT, which is contrary to what we're seeing amongst most of your peers. Can you just remind us how much of your $418 billion of fee-bearing capital would entail retail product today and where that figure is projected to grow in your five-year forecast set out in your investor day?
Suzanne
Sure. Well, Bahir gets the number on just the breakdown of the fee-bearing capital that's in REIT, the high net worth channel. A couple of comments, Mario, just given you asked the question. It's important to note that not only did we see inflows into our private wealth channel on real estate or non-traded REIT in Q4, we also saw it in January as well. And I think the point to highlight there is... specifically because of the structure of these products and because of who the end client was. We wanted to be very, very thoughtful and very careful in not only how we presented the product to the market, but the rate at which we scaled it. And we're proud of what we've done to this point, and we think it gives us a great platform to continue to grow going forward. The other point that we think is important to highlight is – It's not just real estate. We did launch BII, which is our Brookfield Infrastructure Income Fund, which is a very similar product to a non-traded REIT, but instead focused on the infrastructure asset class. And given our leadership in the sector, we do think that this could be a very large strategy for us over time and one where we can show considerable leadership. As it pertains to the exact breakdown of the fee-bearing capital, Behear, I'll turn to you.
Bruce
Thanks, Connor. Yeah. So, Mario, it's a bit less than $3 billion, and that's predominantly in our non-traded REIT, in addition to a strategic credit fund that we also sell through that channel that's sponsored by Oak Tree. That channel does also provide assistance selling some of our long-term private funds, but with respect, so they're quite busy doing a whole bunch of things for the franchise, but with respect to the retail semi-liquid products, it's in that range of about $2 to $3 billion. And as Connor noted in his remarks earlier, we got our first contribution from our infrastructure equity strategy. So we're excited by that, and we're off to a great start and think that is going to be a great strategy going forward.
Mario Saric
Got it. Okay. And then just perhaps, you know, you've laid out some very impressive five-year growth targets in terms of fee-bearing capital and fee-related earnings. going forward, how much of that, I can't recall how much of that would be comprised of the expected growth in this channel going forward?
Bruce
Hi, Mario. Yeah, so it's Bahir again. So we do expect this channel to be a larger contributor to our fundraising initiatives over the next five years than what it is but in the context of our overall, you know, I think at our investor day, we set out a plan to grow our fee-bearing capital to almost a trillion dollars in the next five years. And in the context of that number, the retail products, while getting larger, will be a very small component to that overall plan.
Mario Saric
My second question just relates to the successor BGTF fund. If we go back over time, whether we look at GIF, BESREP, BCP, number two fund has always been at least twice as large as the number one fund. Now granted, BGTF is much bigger. than the inaugural funds across the other platforms that I highlighted. I'm not asking for specific numbers, but given the acquisition environment, the amount of appetite with LPs, is it fair to say that the successor fund could be your largest fund to date, including the existing infrastructure or GIF-5 that's in fundraising today?
Suzanne
Sure, Mario. So perhaps we'll answer that two ways. One, there is, without question, we think the opportunity for the next BGTF fund to be meaningfully larger than the initial fund. There's no question, and that would certainly be our ambition. And then secondly, we do think transition does have a number of the attributes similar to our infrastructure product that does lend it to being one of the largest strategies that we can offer to our clients. Just simply the scope of investment that is needed across both the infrastructure space as well as the transition space. They do really lend themselves to very large investments and therefore very large funds. So we do see a lot of similarities in the potential of those two platforms.
Mario Saric
Okay, those are my two.
Operator
Thank you.
spk00
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Saurabh Movahedi with BMO Capital Markets.
Saurabh Movahedi
Thank you. Two quickies, hopefully, here. One for Bahir. You mentioned the margin at around, I think, 58% benefiting from scale. Why would it not continue to grind higher from here, Bahir?
Bruce
Hi, Saurabh. So look, we're very pleased with our margins. They increased by, as I noted in my remarks, by 200 basis points compared to the prior year. I think we've been investing a lot in our growth in prior years, so we've come a long way, and that's why you're seeing our margins tick up. And we're still guiding to that ratio, our targets that we've laid out before of 60% margins on the Brookfield managed funds, lower 30s in Oak Tree. And we would expect over time those margins to continue to go up, but we're constantly investing in the business and adding uh resources and i you know i'd say just to be conservative i you know we'd guide you to the numbers that uh or the range that we've uh we've continued to give over the past little while and and we think at that range of 58 or so it's uh it's a pretty good assumption going forward okay that's very helpful and then um just connor lots of talk about the the plans for fundraising
Saurabh Movahedi
in the coming year, which is excellent. How important though is it to monetize? In other words, what I'm trying to understand is, is there net new dollars that funders are allocating or are they essentially waiting for monetization proceeds to then reallocate to the alternative space? Thank you.
Suzanne
Certainly, and perhaps the context to answer that question is from the Brookfield context, which is The nature of the continued scaling of the funds that we are offering to our clients is we have been attracting net new dollars for a decade now because each of our flagship funds keeps continuing to scale across all our strategies on a meaningful basis. So the dollars that we are monetizing are greatly outsized by the dollars that we are attracting. Monetizations are very important to our business. We remain focused on them. We remain focused on delivering that full cycle value to our clients. But I would say our ambitions and our expectations around fundraising both next year and beyond are not highly predicated on specific monetizations in order to unlock that upside. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our final question comes from the line of Nick Prieb with CIBC.
Nick Prieb
Okay, thanks for the question. Is there any early feedback that you might be able to share from your conversations with LPs around the launch of fundraising for the next iteration of the opportunistic credit fund? I realize it's early days, but just if you could update us on your read regarding the general appetite and demand for that capability, that'd be great.
Suzanne
Certainly. So this is the type of market where that fund goes to work and delivers its best returns. Historically, Oak Tree has outperformed when there is, call it, scarcity in credit markets and when there is volatility in things like interest rates. So we do expect the demand to be significant. Obviously, that product has scaled significantly in recent years since we completed the partnership with Oak Tree. And we would say the market backdrop is very constructive for that fundraise in 2023.
Nick Prieb
Okay. I believe my other questions have been answered. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. I'll now hand the call back over to Managing Partner, Branding and Communications, Suzanne Fleming, for any closing remarks.
Suzanne Fleming
Thank you, Operator. And with that, we will end the call. Thank you for joining us, everyone.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call and webcast. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect. you Bye. Bye. Thank you. Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Brookfield Asset Management 2022 Q4 conference call and webcast. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star 11 on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand has been raised. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Managing Partner, Branding and Communications, Suzanne Fleming.
Suzanne Fleming
Thank you, Operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Brookfield Asset Management's first earnings call. On the call today are Bruce Flatt, our Chief Executive Officer, Connor Teske, President of Brookfield Asset Management, and Bahir Menios, our Chief Financial Officer. Bruce will start the call today with opening remarks, followed by Connor, who will talk about some of the themes we're focused on. And finally, Behear will discuss financial and operating results for the business. After our formal comments, we'll turn the call over to the operator and take analyst questions. In order to accommodate all those who want to ask questions, we ask that you refrain from asking more than two questions at one time. If you have additional questions, please rejoin the queue, and we'll be happy to take any additional questions at the end, if time permits. I'd like to remind you that in today's comments, including in responding to questions and in discussing new initiatives in our financial and operating performance, we may make forward-looking statements, including forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable Canadian and U.S. securities law. These statements reflect predictions of future events and trends and do not relate to historic events. They are subject to known and unknown risks, and future events and results may differ materially from such statements. For further information on these risks and their potential impacts on our company, please see our filings with the securities regulators in Canada and the US and the information available on our website. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Bruce.
Bruce Flatt
Thank you, Suzanne. Welcome to everyone on the call and welcome to the new Brookfield Asset Management. This is our first earnings call since we completed the distribution and listing of 25% of the asset management business in December, which is now trading under the symbol BAM. 2022 was a record year for our business. We raised $93 billion of capital. Our fee-related earnings increased by 25%, and our assets under management currently stand at nearly $800 billion. But here, Emmanuel will go through our operating and fundraising performance in more detail in his remarks. The global macro environment in the past year was characterized by several key dynamics driving market uncertainty and volatility, namely elevated levels of inflation and corresponding interest rate increases. Although inflation appears to have peaked in most countries, it is possible that certain structural dynamics prove harder to abate, such as the effects of de-globalization energy security, and a tight supply of skilled labor. This may result in continued near-term volatility and downward pressure on corporate earnings, which have cyclical exposure. However, at the same time, the recent reopening of markets in Asia has increased both supply and demand for goods and services on a global scale, also providing a boost to the world economy. This uncertainty also resulted in volatility within the public markets, which in many ways underscored the value of a highly diversified portfolio with exposure to alternative investments. Our business proved its resiliency over the past year. Connor Teske will speak more about what our strategies are focused on today, but at a high level, We've aligned our business around the dominant global secular trends of digitization, deglobalization, and decarbonization that we believe will require trillions of dollars of investment over the next decades. These trends will be extremely beneficial for our market-leading infrastructure, renewables, and transition strategies. As a reminder, we own one of the largest portfolios of inflation-protected assets in the world. Our underlying businesses are essential in nature and therefore continue to generate stable and growing cash flows throughout cycles. These assets are highly cash-generative with high margins and are largely inflation-protected, hence are very attractive to investors through market cycles. These factors, combined with our focus on investing in high quality assets and proactive asset management, have continued to strong performance in our underlying businesses despite broader market uncertainty. In addition, we expect the current economic climate will highlight the preeminence of our credit platform. Having one of the most sophisticated credit managers as part of our franchise diversifies our business makes us better investors and ensures that we can raise and successfully deploy capital at all points in an economic cycle. Lastly, I wanted to underscore that while the stock is new in the form of a standalone public company, our asset management business has been 25 years in the making, and this business has been vesting our own capital for over a century. This heritage and long track record provides the foundation for our next phase of growth. Our scale track record over a long period of time is extremely valuable. It means that we're a beneficiary of the capital flows that are increasingly gravitating to the largest multi-asset class managers in a period of industry consolidation. Our business is positioned around the leading secular global drivers of capital across renewable power transition, infrastructure, real estate, and credit. We believe every day, we speak every day to the world's largest institutions and the people that oversee the allocation of these pools of capital. These are the strategies they are highly focused on in this current environment. We have $175 billion of capital across the broader Brookfield organization. This is our own discretionary permanent capital that can be invested along with the funds of Brookfield Asset Management. This is one of the benefits of the broader Brookfield structure and is unrivaled in the industry. Our business is highly diversified. This enables the business to continue growing and keep deploying capital through economic cycles. Each one of the business groups is highly specialized and set up to find opportunities in markets like we are seeing today. And finally, we take an immense amount of pride in the relationships we have built with our global group of more than 2,000 clients. Delivering superior investment performance for our clients is extremely important. Equally as important, though, is consistently providing them with the highest level of service and constantly innovating to meet their needs. Thank you for your continued support, and I'll pass it over to Connor to talk about our themes for investing and a little bit about what we're currently focused on.
Suzanne
Thank you, Bruce, and good morning, everyone. As Bruce noted, the broader markets remain more volatile. However, dislocation in financial markets has historically created some of the most attractive risk-adjusted investment opportunities for those investors who have dry powder to put to work. With approximately $90 billion of undrawn capital across our funds, it is shaping up to be a very interesting and active year from an investment perspective across the business. On today's call, we want to focus on some of the themes we are seeing within both the renewables and transition platform, and also the private credit sector. These are segments that will benefit from immense secular tailwinds and our market leading franchises are well positioned to take advantage of the large and growing opportunity that is in front of us. We'll start off by discussing our transition strategy centered around the theme of decarbonization. In 2021, we closed a $15 billion fund called the Brookfield Global Transition Fund, or BGTS, which today is the largest fund globally that is focused on decarbonization and the transition to net zero. This fund took our transition franchise from zero to 15 billion in just 18 months. And this is a space which represents a great opportunity to create long-term value for BAM. thanks to significant macro tailwinds for the strategy and strong initial deployment that we've seen within the fund, we expect this business to scale to over $200 billion within the next 10 years. One of the reasons our investors have chosen to invest with us is because they recognize that in order to be a successful investor in decarbonization, it is essential to not only have access to capital, but to have deep operating expertise and market knowledge, particularly in power markets and renewables, both of which Brookfield has a proven track record in. Through Brookfield Renewable, we are one of the largest investors in renewable power. We have almost $75 billion of assets under management and 135,000 megawatts of capacity in either operations or development stages around the world. That places Brookfield Renewable among the largest renewables companies globally, but the only one that is diversified across all major regions and all major clean energy technologies. We cannot underscore enough that having a capability in renewables is a critical prerequisite to success in transition investing. BGTF will make investments into emission reduction and emission avoidance projects worldwide. Transition investing provides us an opportunity to make a positive impact without taking any discounts on financial returns. We are focused on investing in high-quality businesses and proven technologies where we have strong cash flow visibility and downside protection and where we are able to exercise our significant control or influence to generate value under our ownership. In terms of focus, Our investment strategy is unique in that we are willing to go where the emissions are. We will look to invest in and alongside some of the world's hardest to abate but critical sectors such as power, industrials, transport, and energy. We want to provide a couple of examples to highlight the opportunity. In the power space, we are looking for opportunities where we can buy businesses that may have existing thermal generation with the goal to help them decarbonize. Our strategy will be to rationalize and convert some of that existing thermal capacity while simultaneously leveraging our access to capital and development expertise to build out new renewables to provide clean power generation going forward. In the industrial sector, we are seeing opportunities to partner with the largest corporates from around the world to provide capital at scale and expertise to transition their businesses to proven low-carbon products and solutions that they will require to support their own net zero goals. Due to the large investment opportunity, which we estimate to be $150 trillion between now and 2050, we believe that BGTF will be just the first in a series of funds within the transition space. Given our pace of deployment, we expect that we'll be back in the market in the near term with our next fund. Further, we don't expect our transition activities to stop at VGTS. We will look to continue to expand our product offerings as you have seen us do with other Brookfield verticals, potentially through the launch of perpetual entities, credit funds, and products specifically dedicated to our private wealth channel. We are also seeing increased opportunities to leverage our industry-leading decarbonization expertise to make more educated investments into a wider set of opportunities across the entire Brookfield ecosystem, such as in infrastructure, private equity, and real estate. Switching gears to private credit. Private credit is a sector that has been growing in importance since the global financial crisis. but more recently is playing a critical role for borrowers. Traditional sources of capital from the leveraged finance and bank markets are less accessible compared to a year ago. The outflows of capital in the leveraged finance market reflect concerns related to higher interest rates and the prospects of a recession in certain markets. Even though there is less debt available, the need for capital remains highly resilient. Many industries, like renewables and telecoms, are continuing to grow quickly. Debt maturity walls cannot be ignored, and mergers and acquisitions continue, even if at a slightly slower pace. Therein lies the opportunity for us to play an even more valuable role as a one-stop shop with not only different types of equity capital, but also different forms of private credit to address the financing objectives of borrowers. Brookfield's private credit businesses, including its real estate and infrastructure mezzanine debt platforms, its special investment platform within our private equity group, and Oak Tree have been filling a void created by the current market disruption while also achieving favorable market terms and structures. Brookfield's strong track record of investing in real estate, infrastructure, and private equity provides a deep understanding and our global reach and deep network of relationships translates this into attractive financing opportunities. Especially in this environment, Brookfield's flexible capital and ability to underwrite large investments while offering speed and certainty of funding is a meaningful competitive advantage and highlights our importance as a key partner to borrowers. Private capital can deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns, Generally, investors benefit from lower default and higher recovery rates due to the thorough due diligence process and greater lender protections that de-risk investments. As such, more investors are investing in private credit strategies, and we have seen this through the success we've had in raising capital for private credit funds across our verticals, including our real estate finance fund, our infrastructure debt fund, and our special investment fund, that can provide the full envelope of capital solutions for corporates across all sectors. That concludes my remarks for today. We will now pass it on to Bahir to discuss our operating and financial results.
Bruce
Great. Thank you, Conor, and good morning, everyone. As this is our first quarter reporting to you on our financial results as a standalone company, I wanted to just take a minute to explain the basis of our presentation. Brookfield Asset Management, which we often refer to as our asset management business, is owned 25% by the public via Brookfield Asset Management Limited, which trades on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol BAM or BAM, with the remaining 75% being owned by Brookfield Corporation. My remarks today will be focused on the results for Brookfield Asset Management on a 100% basis, which we believe is the most relevant way to describe our financial and operating performance going forward. I wanted to cover off three things on today's call. First, I'll touch on our financial results for the fourth quarter and for the 12 months ended December 31st, 2022. Second, I'll provide an operations update focused on our fundraising efforts and end off by providing an outlook for the business and an overview of the key investment highlights for Brookfield Asset Management. So starting off on results, I'm pleased to report this morning that a robust fourth quarter capped off an exceptional year for our business. We delivered strong financial results and exceeded a number of our fundraising targets that we set out for ourselves at the start of the year. This was all during a challenging economic backdrop and really showcases the resilience and fundamental strength of our business. Fee-related earnings, or FRE, increased 26% before performance fees compared to the prior year, finishing the year with $2.1 billion, or $1.29 on a per share basis. This was driven by an increase of 20% in our fee revenues over the year, which benefited from capital raised and deployed within our flagship strategies, growth in our perpetual strategies, and capital deployed across our business. We also experienced a 200 basis point increase in our margins compared to the prior year, as our teams showed discipline managing their cost structures and also we saw scale coming into play. Our margins for the year were 58%, which we expect to maintain in 2023 and onwards. Distributable earnings increased by 21% in 2022, before performance fees, to almost $2.1 billion or $1.28 per share, driven by the strong growth in FRE, which was partially offset by higher taxes for the year. In the fourth quarter, FRE was 576 million or 35 cents per share and our distributable earnings were 569 million or 35 cents per share. Excluding performance fees recorded in the prior year that are typically lumpy in nature, our results were up 26% at the FRE level and 23% on a DE basis. Fueling this growth was an increase of 19% in base management fees combined with some margin expansion, as discussed previously. On the operations front, we had a good quarter on the fundraising side. We raised a total of $14 billion of capital in the period, capping off a record year, as Bruce touched on earlier. We closed the year with $418 billion of fee-bearing capital, which increased by 15% compared to the prior year. In total, we raised $93 billion of capital this year, which is 30% higher than last year, resulting in a record year for our business. We were very pleased to see that the capital raised this year was spread out very well across many of our strategies, showcasing the great diversification that we have. Our flagship funds raised a total of $37 billion of capital benefiting from a record first close of $20 billion for our fifth infrastructure fund and a strong first close of $8.5 billion for our sixth private equity fund. We raised $11 billion from a number of our closed-end credit funds, namely our infrastructure debt fund and Oak Tree's life sciences lending and special situations funds. We also saw an increase in the assets that we managed for our insurance solutions business, increased by $23 billion for the year. And finally, a total of $12 billion was raised across our various perpetual strategies, most significant contributor being our infrastructure super core strategy. Looking ahead, we believe that the combination of developing global economic headwinds and ongoing public market volatility is creating a ripe environment for opportunistic investing and bodes well for several fund launches in 2023. Notably, we plan to commence fundraising for our fifth flagship real estate fund, our second special investments fund, and our second transition fund, all in the first half of 2023. We also continue to build out our private wealth channel. Having recently launched our infrastructure income fund, we've been encouraged by the early indications we've received thus far. In addition, and while not material to our overall portfolio, our non-traded REIT saw net positive inflows in the fourth quarter. Turning to the outlook, with respect to fee-related earnings, we're forecasting for yet another significant step up in our results for the few years ahead. Our growth for the next two years is quite visible and is expected to be driven by first, significant contribution from the latest vintages of our flagship funds that we've either started fundraising for or ones that we expect to launch in the first half of 2023. Second, growth that we should continue to see from the continued expansion of our various perpetual strategies. most notably our super core infrastructure strategy that has been very successful to date and where demand from investors continues to be strong. Third, a significant step up in our credit business where we expect to have a record year of fundraising in addition to growth fueled by our growing insurance solutions business. All in all, despite the volatility in the markets, we entered 2023 from a position of strength and have a great deal of confidence for the future of this business. And it's with this strong business backdrop we designed the new BAM Security to provide investors with direct access to our leading global asset management business. As a reminder, the new Brookfield Asset Management has the following key attributes. First, a cash flow stream that's extremely resilient. Most of our $418 billion of fee-bearing capital is invested in long-term private funds that have perpetual or over 10-year lives. Second, distributable earnings that are almost entirely made up of our stable and annuity-like fee-related earnings, making our cash flow generation profile simple to understand, stable, and easy to predict. An asset-like balance sheet that is exceptionally strong with no debt and cash and financial assets of over $3 billion. And finally, an expectation to return the vast majority of the cash that we generate in this business to our shareholders via dividends and, when it makes sense, stock buybacks. We believe the combination of these characteristics generates an excellent long-term investment for shareholders. This security should provide us with added additional optionality for acquisitions should the right opportunities present themselves. And lastly, before I conclude my remarks for the day, we're pleased to report that on the back of these excellent financial results, solid balance sheet, and a strong outlook for the business, the Board of Brookfield Asset Management Limited declared a quarterly dividend of $0.32 per share payable on March 31st, 2023, the shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 28th, 2023. That wraps up our prepared remarks for this morning. Thank you for joining the call. We appreciate the interest and we'll open it up now for questions. Operator?
Operator
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone. and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster.
Jeff
And our first question comes from the line of Sherilyn Radburn with TD Securities.
spk21
Thanks very much and good morning.
Cheryl
You mentioned in the letter that the alternative space is undergoing a period of consolidation, and clearly fundraising has become more difficult for some. So I was wondering if you could give some color on the level of consolidation activity that took place last year, what you're expecting to see in 2023, and comment on BAM's appetite to potentially add to its platform through M&A.
Suzanne
Sure. Cheryl, it's Connor. I'll take that one. In terms of consolidation within the space, the place where we're seeing this most obviously is we're increasingly seeing large institutional LPs looking to concentrate their capital amongst a smaller number of managers, but those managers who can offer them a greater diversity of products. And We certainly feel that we've been the beneficiary of that in the last 12 to 24 months. As we've rounded out our portfolio, increasingly not only with our flagships, but also our complementary products, whether they be our debt products, our perpetual funds, and increasingly funds that cater to the private wealth channel. We do expect this to continue in the coming years. And perhaps this is one of the reasons why we have such a robust and positive outlook for fundraising in 2023 when we know that there are some pockets of weakness for other market participants. Maybe just turning to the second part of your question around appetite for M&A. Obviously, with the spin-out, we now have a currency that we could use for inorganic growth. And these are opportunities that we are going to continuously monitor and review in the market. But similar to how we have in the past, we intend to be very, very selective. When we want to enter into a new space, it is always a build versus buy decision for us and which can we do more accretively. And from there, a potential partner or a potential target for inorganic growth needs to be scalable, and needs to add something to our platform that we don't already have. So we will continue to monitor the market and we will look for those opportunities, but we do expect to be selective going forward.
Cheryl
Okay, that's helpful. My second question relates to the transition fund, where I think the relatively rapid pace of deployment has surprised investors to some degree. So thank you for the added detail on that. Maybe you could go a bit further and just give us some color on the composition of that portfolio across the various buckets that you outlined in your prepared remarks and where those various buckets sit relative to each other on the risk-return spectrum.
Suzanne
Certainly. So as it pertains to the transition strategy and BGTF1, what we would say is The product launch was very successful, but perhaps what was even more successful was just the number of very attractive opportunities that came our way as we were the market leader with the largest pool of capital focused on these types of decarbonization opportunities. And when we look at that portfolio today, it was invested amongst great themes that we're thrilled to have deployed capital into. You know, there's a large component of that portfolio that is focused on U.S. renewable power developers that are benefiting from the IRA today. There's the acquisition of Westinghouse, which is benefiting from the significant tailwinds for nuclear. And we've also put together a very, very attractive portfolio of new decarbonization solutions, whether it be carbon capture, battery storage or recycling. It's that execution and the number of opportunities that we've seen that gives us confidence that we'll be back in the market for the next vintage of that fund sooner rather than later. And then to your question around what other complementary products will we look to add, we're going to start by looking to get the next version of the flagship out into the market. But from there, we would expect that over time we'll be able to offer the full suite of complementary products similar to what we've done in our infrastructure and real estate businesses. We think this theme is well positioned for both credit and a perpetual strategy, but those will come in future years.
BGTF1
Great. Thank you for the time.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Alex Blostein with Goldman Sachs.
Alex Blostein
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking the question and congrats on the spinoff. Maybe we could start with real estate. There are two sort of broader questions I was hoping to drill into, one on the opportunistic side and one on the core side. As you pointed out, you've deployed a lot of capital out of Fund 4 pretty rapidly and highlighted you'll be back in the market with Fund 5 later this year. Real estate market's still quite uncertain. Lots of skeptics out there, obviously, on the direction of travel there. So what's the pitch to your LPs today on why to commit to opportunistic real estate in current environment? And as we look back at the track record, there hasn't been a ton of capital return from private ventures. So to what extent could that be a hurdle as you're kind of thinking about sizing up the next one? And then my follow-up will be on the core side.
Suzanne
Bruce, if there's anything you'd like to add at that point, I'll hand to you. In terms of the pitch on opportunistic real estate, We would say it's pretty simple. Our real estate business, which is one of our longest running franchises, has traditionally found the best opportunities and done its best investments in uncertain environments like the ones that we are entering into. So the fact that maybe the direction of travel is a little bit uncertain, to use your words, is actually the opportunity that is created for this vehicle. And we do think we'll provide a number of very, very attractive risk-adjusted return opportunities. Said another way, we think the market dynamics actually play to our strengths. When it comes to monetizations, I think you're highlighting a dynamic in real estate, but it's an important dynamic, I would say, across all of our strategies, which is because we have continued to scale our flagship funds and expect to continue to do so going forward, the assets that we are selling out of predecessor funds and the total quantum of investments that we need to sell out of those funds is actually very modest compared to the new funds that we are raising and the capital we are putting to work. That is why we have such conviction about the future growth in our fee-related earnings. But the other point we would highlight is While there is some market uncertainty that is making some asset classes a little bit more difficult to monetize, across our real estate, our infrastructure, our renewable funds, we truly own best-in-class assets and best-in-class businesses. And those are the assets that we are seeing more robustly hold their value in this market and are more easy to monetize. So we do expect next year to be an active year, both on the investment side and the monetization side. Bruce, anything you would add?
Jeff
Bruce is good. Okay, Alex, your follow-up?
Alex Blostein
Great. Well, thanks. So the follow-up is on core, both real estate, but also broadly, you guys have been very successful raising in super core infra. Historically, core real estate has been a nice contributor as well. So as you think about the opportunity set, and again, kind of the pitch on core to clients in light of higher interest rates, How does that proposition sort of change, right? Because in many ways, core has been viewed as a fixed income replacement tool with higher interest rates. Obviously, there's more yield sort of available in liquid credit markets. So to what extent does that present a hurdle to core as a franchise, both real estate and infra? And as you think about monetizing some of those opportunities, we've seen a number of your peers have a fee-related performance kind of revenue component to core product. Is that something that we should be thinking about at some point in time for Brookfield as well, either in real estate or infra? Thanks.
Suzanne
Sure, so perhaps I'll start with the first part of that question just around the core strategies. The current environment, and in particular, I would say not necessarily the rise of interest rates because that can be readily priced in into new acquisitions to ensure that we're still delivering very attractive risk-adjusted returns, but simply the volatility around interest rates that may cause some short-term ebbs and flows in interesting core products. But I would say those short-term ebbs and flows are being dramatically overwhelmed by, take for example, in infrastructure, the huge amount of capital that is looking to enhance their exposure to the highly de-risked, highly regulated, highly contracted, high-quality infrastructure asset space. So while there has been some uncertainty around interest rates. We expect that product, particularly on the infrastructure side, to continue to grow very, very rapidly. We're continuing to see strong inflows into that fund. And on the real estate side, it's more or less the same story. Our core products are spread around the world across different regions. We have some that target institutions. We have some that target the private wealth channel. But even across those, our real estate product that targeted the private wealth channel did have net inflows in Q4. So we are continuing to see demand and just being selective and reacting to what different clients are looking for. And they continue to show consistent demand for this type of product. In terms of the comment about... a performance type fee, we continue to be very thoughtful and prudent around how we structure these products, recognizing that it often is a different type of investor base, one focused on a much longer return horizon or retail investors. And therefore, we are seeing what is happening in the market and taking that into account, but I wouldn't suggest that we intend to adjust any of our performance fee structures in the near term.
spk16
Great. Thanks so much for taking both questions.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Jeff Kwan with RBC Capital Markets.
Jeff Kwan
Hi, good morning. On the fundraising side, you and a number of your larger peers have talked about the improving fundraising environment in your Q4 comments. I know it's hard to generalize just for the broader industry, and you've consistently talked about not having fundraising issues yourself, but just wondering what you might attribute to the change in tone overall around an improved fundraising environment.
Suzanne
Certainly. Without being too redundant, we do really focus on two major things. One is there continues to be an increasing allocation towards alternatives. Alternative and real assets with their cash generative downside protected attributes, but also their ability to provide attractive equity upside. they probably look increasingly more attractive after periods of public market volatility, particularly the ones we've seen over the last three or four years. So there does continue to be significant inflows into the alternative and real asset sectors. But then perhaps more particular to ourselves, we do feel that we are very fortunate to have leading global franchises in the subsegment of real assets that are seeing the greatest capital inflows. And in particular, that's the three of infrastructure, transition, and credit. Those asset classes and those products perform exceptionally well in volatile markets. And I think, you know, more robust outlooks around those segments are probably what is buoying the sector more broadly.
Jeff Kwan
Okay, that's helpful. And this is my second question, which is in light of the – the Brookfield reinsurance acquisition this morning of Argo and with what higher rates that we've got right now, are you finding more opportunities to kind of scale up that reinsurance business and therefore help grow the FRE at them?
Suzanne
Jeff, thanks for the question. And it probably creates an opportunity to highlight something that's really important here. That acquisition was done by Brookfield Corporations. So Brookfield Asset Management, this entity, really has nothing to do with that transaction or the invested capital related to it. However, we do expect to be the beneficiary over the long term because we would expect to get more asset management products and asset management revenues from managing the capital within BAM Reinsurance over time. So we did not do that deal. We did not make that investment. but we do expect to be the beneficiary as that business scales up as we grow our insurance solution business and generate asset management fees from that.
Jeff
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question comes from the line of Ken Worthington with JP Morgan.
Ken Worthington
Hi, good morning, and thank you for taking the questions. First, real estate, it looked like there were inflows of about $11 billion this quarter, driving a big step up in fee-bearing capital. Based on your comments on the call, it doesn't seem like it was a ginormous final close for BEZREP4. So where are the assets being raised, or where were they raised this quarter? And then on real estate, there was also a $4.22 billion increase to fee-bearing capital in a bucket called other. You know, what is that and are the fees commensurate with sort of the average of the asset class?
Bruce
Hi Ken, it's Bahir. Thanks for your question. Predominantly, most of that relates to Brookfield Corporation capital that we are now managing. And now given the spinoff happened, Brookfield Asset Management, which in the past hadn't charged fees on those funds, will be charging fees on a go-forward basis on those strategies. So from a fee-bearing capital perspective, It made it into the numbers. The transaction closed in December. The income pickup was very, very minor, so you didn't see that in the earnings, but that will be a contributor to our results on a go-forward basis.
Ken Worthington
Okay. Great. Thank you. And then maybe for Bruce, the more richly valued BAM stock price would seem to afford more opportunities to acquire more investment capabilities. and BAM did announce the acquisition of DWS's secondaries business last week. In terms of Brookfield's capital management priorities, where do you put M&A in for 2023, and how do you see the opportunities and environment for private markets M&A this year? Thanks.
Bruce
So, look, I would say the following. First is that...
Bruce Flatt
This company, BAM, is in a very, very good spot. We have exceptional businesses. They're growing fast, and we have really good assets. To be able to do M&A, it means that you're selling something of what we own today and buying something of something else because we have a small amount of cash, and, of course, we can do transactions like we just did, which take modest amounts of cash. But if it's anything larger... means you're selling part of your business to buy something else. So it needs to hit a very high test. And Connor stated the parts earlier, which is they need to be additive to the overall franchise. They have to be best in class. They have to be scalable. And they have to be something that we don't do today or can't build ourselves. And if one of those comes along, we'd be thrilled to be able to add it to the franchise. But we don't have any expectations of something happening in 2023.
Operator
Great.
Ken Worthington
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Mike Brown with KBW.
Mike Brown
I guess just following up on the acquisition question there. So you did acquire the DWS Secondaries business last week. What are your aspirations for the growth of your secondaries business and how would you characterize the strategy and your thoughts on really gaining more scale in that business?
Suzanne
Certainly. So we are excited about the secondary space more broadly and have been adding secondaries capabilities across previously real estate and infrastructure and now we've added it to private equity and the fundamentals for the space are very attractive because all you need to do is look at the historic inflows into alternatives five, seven, 10 years back. And that is proving to be what is the secondaries market today on a lagged basis. And given the strong growth we've seen over the last decade, we see a large and growing market for secondaries that we now feel that we're well positioned to take advantage of. In terms of what we intend to do in leveraging those capabilities, this is where I would say Brookfield's access to capital and its ability to think of unique and flexible transaction structures to benefit its counterparties can be very additive. And given our deep knowledge of a lot of the segments where the secondaries opportunities sit, we often actually have knowledge of the underlying assets or underlying capability or sorry, underlying assets or underlying companies that are subject to these trades. So we do think this is a space that we're well positioned to take advantage of and we can be a leader in. But in terms of the types of different products and solutions, we would expect to be able to offer all of them, but primarily focused on GP solutions to start.
Mike Brown
Okay, great. And then just changing gears to credit, so we saw that there was $6 billion of outflows from the credit and solutions business. Can you just touch on those key drivers? And then as you talked about the private credit opportunity, clearly BAM's strengths and globality certainly put you in a good position to continue to benefit from secular growth there. But as you look across the platform, is there any areas where you see, you know, opportunities, white space opportunities to continue to invest? And is there any potential for inorganic growth to kind of help you continue to take advantage of that secular growth?
Suzanne
Sure. So a couple things to unpack there. When it comes to the outflows on the credit and insurance solution side, those are – those were – largely in our public securities and some of our more liquid credit strategies. And it is not unusual to see outflows when there's market downdrafts like we saw in Q4. What I would say is we're already beginning to see a bounce back in that activity. And given Oak Tree's preeminent position in that market, they usually are the beneficiary seeing those inflows come back faster than anyone else. As Baheer mentioned, over 80% of our capital is in perpetual or long-term committed funds. So this isn't a particularly material part of our business. When it comes to the private credit opportunity, obviously for banks, our businesses such as Oak Tree or our BSI product within our private equity platform, they can really look to replace some of the void that is existing in leveraged loan markets. That perhaps is obvious. What might not be obvious, which is a very big market for us on the credit side, is we do essentially see almost every major transaction across the spaces of real estate, infrastructure, renewables, and transition. And in some of those cases, we aren't the winning bidder. But even if we can't be the winning bidder on the equity side, we know the asset well, we know the process, we were engaged in it, and we can be a credit provider to the eventual buyer given our knowledge of the underlying asset. And I do think that's where the benefits of the broader Brookfield ecosystem will play out, as we will be able to be large investors in credit amongst the real asset space where we are traditionally known as an equity investor.
Bruce
Uh, and, um, and Mike it's, uh, it's been here and maybe, um, if I can just add to, uh, Connor's comments, um, you know, as our insurance, uh, business, uh, continues, uh, to scale, uh, further, That's going to be a big contributor to the growth of the liquid credit strategies going forward because approximately 25% or a third of our total assets that we manage for the insurance business get deployed in those liquid strategies. It's quite a meaningful number today, and that will only continue to get bigger in the future as we continue to scale our insurance business.
Mario Saric
hope that helps yes very helpful thank you for taking my questions thank you and our next question comes from the line of Mario Saric with Scotiabank hi good morning in the market there's been a lot of focus on the high net worth retail channel these days I understand your exposure is quite low today in relation to your peers and it was interesting to hear the net positive flows into your B-REIT, which is contrary to what we're seeing amongst most of your peers. Can you just remind us how much of your $418 billion of fee-bearing capital would entail kind of retail product today and where that figure is projected to grow in your five-year forecast kind of set out in your investor day?
Suzanne
Sure. So perhaps... Well, Bahir gets the number on just the breakdown of the fee-bearing capital that's in REIT, the high net worth channel. A couple comments, Mario, just given you asked the question. It's important to note that not only did we see inflows into our private wealth channel on real estate or non-traded REIT in Q4, we also saw it in January as well. And I think the point to highlight there is... specifically because of the structure of these products and because of who the end client was. We wanted to be very, very thoughtful and very careful in not only how we presented the product to the market, but the rate at which we scaled it. And we're proud of what we've done to this point, and we think it gives us a great platform to continue to grow going forward. The other point that we think is important to highlight is – It's not just real estate. We did launch BII, which is our Brookfield Infrastructure Income Fund, which is a very similar product to a non-traded REIT, but instead focused on the infrastructure asset class. And given our leadership in the sector, we do think that this could be a very large strategy for us over time and one where we can show considerable leadership. As it pertains to the exact breakdown of the fee-bearing capital, Behear, I'll turn to you.
Bruce
Thanks, Connor. Yeah. So, Mario, it's a bit less than $3 billion, and that's predominantly in our non-traded REIT, in addition to a strategic credit fund that we also sell through that channel that's sponsored by Oak Tree. That channel does also provide assistance selling some of our long-term private funds, but with respect, so they're quite busy doing a whole bunch of things for the franchise, but with respect to the retail semi-liquid products, it's in that range of about $2 to $3 billion. And as Connor noted in his remarks earlier, we got our first contribution from our infrastructure equity strategy. So we're excited by that, and we're off to a great start and think that is going to be a great strategy going forward.
Mario Saric
Got it. Okay. And then just perhaps, you know, you've laid out some very impressive five-year growth targets in terms of fee-bearing capital and fee-related earnings. going forward, how much of that, I can't recall how much of that would be comprised of the expected growth in this channel going forward?
Bruce
Hi, Mario. Yeah, so it's here again. So we do expect this channel to be a larger contributor to our fundraising initiatives over the next five years than what it is but in the context of our overall, you know, I think at our investor day, we set out a plan to grow our fee-bearing capital to almost a trillion dollars in the next five years. And in the context of that number, the retail products, while getting larger, will be a very small component to that overall plan.
Mario Saric
My second question just relates to the successor BGTF fund. If we go back over time, whether we look at GIF, BESREP, BCP, number two fund has always been at least twice as large as the number one fund. Now granted, BGTF is much bigger. than the inaugural funds across the other platforms that I highlighted. I'm not asking for specific numbers, but given the acquisition environment, the amount of appetite with LPs, is it fair to say that the successor fund could be your largest fund to date, including the existing infrastructure or GIF-5 that's in fundraising today?
Suzanne
Sure, Mario. So perhaps we'll answer that two ways. One, there is, without question, we think the opportunity for the next BGTF fund to be meaningfully larger than the initial fund. There's no question, and that would certainly be our ambition. And then secondly, we do think transition does have a number of the attributes similar to our infrastructure product that does lend it to being one of the largest strategies that we can offer to our clients. Just simply the scope of investment that is needed across both the infrastructure space as well as the transition space. They do really lend themselves to very large investments and therefore very large funds. So we do see a lot of similarities in the potential of those two platforms.
Operator
Okay, those are my two. Thank you.
spk00
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Saurabh Movahedi with BMO Capital Markets.
Saurabh Movahedi
Thank you. Two quickies, hopefully, here. One for Bahir. You mentioned the margin at around, I think, 58% benefiting from scale. Why would it not continue to grind higher from here, Bahir?
Bruce
Hi, Saurabh. So look, we're very pleased with our margins. They increased by, as I noted in my remarks, by 200 basis points compared to the prior year. I think we've been investing a lot in our growth in prior years, so we've come a long way, and that's why you're seeing our margins tick up. And we're still guiding to that ratio, our targets that we've laid out before of 60% margins on the Brookfield managed funds, lower 30s in Oak Tree. And we would expect over time those margins to continue to go up, but we're constantly investing in the business and adding resources and you know I'd say just to be conservative I you know we'd guide you to the numbers that or the range that we've we've continued to give over the past little while and and we think at that range of 58% or so it's it's a pretty good assumption going forward okay that's very helpful and then just Connor lots of talk about the plans for fundraising
Saurabh Movahedi
in the coming year, which is excellent. How important though is it to monetize? In other words, what I'm trying to understand is, is there net new dollars that funders are allocating or are they essentially waiting for monetization proceeds to then reallocate to the alternative space? Thank you.
Suzanne
Certainly, and perhaps the context to answer that question is from the Brookfield context, which is The nature of the continued scaling of the funds that we are offering to our clients is we have been attracting net new dollars for a decade now because each of our flagship funds keeps continuing to scale across all our strategies on a meaningful basis. So the dollars that we are monetizing are greatly outsized by the dollars that we are attracting. Monetizations are very important to our business. We remain focused on them. We remain focused on delivering that full cycle value to our clients. But I would say our ambitions and our expectations around fundraising both next year and beyond are not highly predicated on specific monetizations in order to unlock that upside. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our final question comes from the line of Nick Prieb with CIBC.
Nick Prieb
Okay, thanks for the question. Is there any early feedback that you might be able to share from your conversations with LPs around the launch of fundraising for the next iteration of the opportunistic credit fund? I realize it's early days, but just if you could update us on your read regarding the general appetite and demand for that capability, that'd be great.
Suzanne
Certainly. So this is the type of market where that fund goes to work and delivers its best returns. Historically, Oak Tree has outperformed when there is, call it, scarcity in credit markets and when there is volatility in things like interest rates. So we do expect the demand to be significant. Obviously, that product has scaled significantly in recent years since we completed the partnership with Oak Tree. And we would say the market backdrop is very constructive for that fundraise in 2023.
Nick Prieb
Okay. I believe my other questions have been answered. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. I'll now hand the call back over to Managing Partner, Branding and Communications, Suzanne Fleming, for any closing remarks.
Suzanne Fleming
Thank you, Operator. And with that, we will end the call. Thank you for joining us, everyone.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call and webcast. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.
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