Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Berkshire Hills Bancorp Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all lines are in listen-only mode. Following the presentation, we will conduct a question and answer session, and to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. If at any time during this call you require immediate assistance, please press star 0 for the operator. This call is being recorded on January 30, 2025. I would now like to turn the conference over to Kevin Kahn, Investor Relations Officer. Please go ahead.

Good morning, and thank you for joining Berkshire Bank's fourth quarter earnings call. My name is Kevin Kahn, Investor Relations and Corporate Development Officer. Here with me today are Nitin Mahatre, Chief Executive Officer, Sean Gray, Chief Operating Officer, Brett Berbovic, Chief Financial Officer, and Greg Lindenmuth, Chief Risk Officer. Our remarks will include forward-looking statements and refer to non-GAAP financial measures. Actual results could differ materially from those statements. Please see our legal disclosures on page two and three of the earnings presentation, referencing forward-looking statements and non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of non-GAAP to GAAP measures is included in our news release. At this time, I'll turn the call over to Nitin.

Thank you, Kevin. Good morning, everyone, and thank you all for joining us today. I'll begin my comments on slide four, where you can see the highlights for the fourth quarter and for full year 2024. We had a strong quarter with robust improvement in the operating earnings quarter over quarter and year over year. Operating EPS of 60 cents was up 3% linked quarter and up 28% year over year. Operating net income of $26 million was up 5% linked quarter and up 29% year-over-year. Operating RODSI was 9.93% up two basis points linked quarter and up 103 basis points year-over-year. The outperformance in the quarter was driven by strong fee revenues that were up 8% linked quarter coupled with stable credit provision expenses and lower operating expenses, which were down 2% link quarter and down 6% year-over-year. This is the fourth year in a row where we have outperformed our peer median in terms of year-over-year expense trend. We've included a slide in the appendix to show that expense trend data relative to our peers. Asset quality and balance sheet metrics remain strong. Net charge-offs were 14 basis points of loans, and our reserve to loans was flat to the third quarter at 122 basis points of loans. Delinquencies and non-performing loans were at 52 basis points of loans, the lowest level in almost 20 years, a solid testament to the strength of our collaborative risk culture across our frontline bankers and the risk teams. Capital ratios were up linked quarter with CET1 at 13.0% and TCE at 9.4%. Average deposits were up 3% and average loan balances were up 0.4% linked quarter. Liquidity remains solid with our loans to deposit ratio at 96% on an average basis. As anticipated, our focus on deposit gathering and associated strategic initiatives for the previous two quarters have gained traction in the second half of 2024. Total deposit costs were down 12 basis points linked quarter and total funding costs were down 17 basis points linked quarter. We expect funding costs to decline as the Fed cuts interest rates further, and like many banks, we continue to move deposit rates lower in the fourth quarter. On strategy front, we made steady progress on our strategic initiatives in 2024. We've successfully executed on a variety of expense optimization initiatives, sold 10 branches in New York to tighten our network, further de-risked the balance sheet, and invested in bankers and technology to further improve the client experience reflected in our net promoter score that remained above 60 in the fourth quarter. As you know, in December, we announced a merger of equals with Brookline Bancorp to create a preeminent Northeast franchise. Turning to slide five, you will see high-level overview of the combined bank. The transaction improves scale and meaningfully improves profitability as reflected in the estimated 40% and 23% accretion to Berkshire's 2026 consensus EPS estimate on gap and cash basis respective. Slide 6 shows the merger rationale. The merger combines Berkshire's stable, lower-cost, more rural funding base with higher growth lending markets in eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island or Brookline. And with the expected 12.6% expense saves from the synergies of the two organizations, the combined efficiency ratio is expected to get below 50% in 2026. We announced this merger of equals in the fourth quarter and expect the closing in the second half of 2025, subject to requisite regulatory and shareholder approvals and closing conditions. I want to thank all of my Berkshire Bank colleagues for their continued hard work and commitment to the bank and our clients, and look forward to their continued support and commitment through this transition. We will be communicating an integration plan to our employees over the next several weeks, and we continue to maintain Berkshire Bank's standalone performance during transitions through the transaction closing in the second half of 2025. With that, I'll turn it over to Brett Bobovic to talk through our financials in more detail. Brett? Thank you, Natan.

Slide 7 shows an overview of 2024 metrics versus 2023. Our operating earnings were $94.9 million, or $2.22 per share. On an annual basis, fees were up 21%, and operating non-interest expense was down 3%. Provision expense for credit losses were $24 million, down $8 million from 2023, all while increasing our allowance for credit losses to 122 basis points, up five basis points. Turning to slide eight, we show fourth quarter metrics. Operating earnings were $26 million or $0.60 per share, up $0.02 linked quarter and $0.13 year over year. Net interest income of $86.9 million was down 1% linked quarter. Operating interest income was $23.2 million, up 8% linked quarter. Operating expenses were $71 million, down 2% linked quarter, and down 6% year-over-year. Our fee, credit, and expense trends continue to be strong and compare favorably to peers. Net charge-offs were $3.3 million, or 14 basis points of loans. Provision expense was $6 million, and the reserve coverage ratio of 122 basis points was flat linked quarter. Our ACL to non-performing loans increased to 469%. Slide nine shows our average loan balances. Average loans were up 38 million linked quarter and up 281 million or 3% year over year. Average growth was lighter this quarter as we sold $47 million of our upstart consumer portfolio, had higher pay downs in the multifamily portfolio, and a couple of commercial closings that were pushed to the first quarter. On an end of period basis, loans were up 2% linked quarter with growth primarily in C&I and commercial real estate. We've updated a page in the appendix which shows the upstart and Firestone runoff portfolios. The combined runoff portfolios are down 119 million or 71% year over year to 48 million or 50 basis points of loans. Slide 10 shows average deposit balances. Average deposits increased $299 million, or 3% linked quarter. End of period deposits were up linked quarter, primarily due to seasonally high payroll money market balances. Excluding payroll and broker CD balances, end of period deposits grew 3% quarter over quarter. Year over year deposits were down 3%, or $277 million, primarily from the New York branch sale, which closed in the third quarter. Adjusting for the $383 million of sold deposits from the branch sale, deposits were up 1% year over year. Average non-interest bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits remained at 24%, consistent with the prior two quarters. Turning to slide 11, we show net interest income. Net interest income was down 1% linked quarter and down 2% year over year. Net interest margin was down two basis point length quarter to 314. In December, spot NIM was 318. While we have headwinds of floating rate loans repricing lower short term, we also have several tailwinds. We have 1.5 billion of CDs or 59% of that book maturing in the next six months. We have 600 million of wholesale funding that matures over the first half of 2025. And further, we have 600 million of low-yield received fixed swaps maturing over 2025 and 2026, with about half in 2025. Finally, we also have low-yield fixed-rate securities and loans that will mature and reprice at higher yields. Slide 12 shows our operating non-interest income up 1.7 million, or 8% linked quarter, and up 6.5 million, or 39%, year over year. Year over year comparisons reflect the change to PAM accounting for our tax credit investment business. The growth in fees quarter over quarter was primarily driven by higher gain on SBA loan sales. We also had higher BOLI revenues and seasonal revenue sharing fees this quarter, which came in about one and a half million above normalized run rates. Deposit related fees declined linked quarter due to the New York branch sale. This was the fourth quarter in a row where we've seeing solid growth in overall fees. Slide 13 shows expenses. Operating expenses were down 2% linked quarter to $71 million and down 6% year-over-year. Year-over-year expense declines were broad-based. Linked quarter, a decline in compensation and occupancy and equipment were offset by higher marketing and professional service expense. Slide 14 is a summary of asset quality metrics. Non-performing loans as a percent of loans were 26 basis points, which were flat linked quarter and up two basis points year over year. As Nitin mentioned, total delinquencies and non-performing loans were 52 basis points of total loans, the lowest percentage in almost 20 years. Net charge-offs of 3.3 million were down 2.3 million linked quarter and down 1.1 million year over year. Slide 15. shows that our Cree book remains well diversified in terms of geography and collateral. Our Cree concentration ratio was approximately 294%, and credit quality of the Cree portfolio remains solid, with non-accrual loans at 22 basis points of period end loans. Slide 16 shows details on our office portfolio. As noted last quarter, the weighted average loan-to-value ratios are about 60%, and a large majority of the portfolio is in suburban and Class A space. We have very limited exposure to Boston's financial district and no exposure to high rise office buildings. Slide 17 shows details of our multifamily portfolio. The multifamily portfolio was 637 million or 6.8% of loans. The book is well diversified across our footprint with a weighted average loan to value of about 65%. While current credit quality metrics are strong, We recognize that economic uncertainties exist, and we are monitoring both new originations and existing portfolios carefully. Turning to capital, we have strong capital levels. Tangible book value per share was $24.82 and increased 1% linked quarter and 9% year over year. Our CET1 ratio is up 110 basis points to 13%. and our TCE ratio rose 30 basis points to 9.4%, this due to the equity offering and higher retained earnings. As you know, we raised $100 million in equity in December as part of our MOE announcement. The raise improved our standalone capital ratios to support the merger, and we issued about 3.4 million shares. We were encouraged by the demand for the offering and the narrow 3.9% discount. Our top capital management priority remains supporting our organic loan growth. Year to date, we've repurchased $17.4 million of stock at an average cost of $21.94. All of our repo in 2024 was done in the first half of the year and was completed below tangible book value per share. Currently, we do not anticipate repurchasing shares going forward until our merger closes. Given the pending MOE transaction in the second half of 2025, we will not be providing line item income statement and balance sheet guidance for the upcoming year as we've done in the past. That said, we are encouraged by the momentum in our financial metrics and confirm comfort with the consensus net income cited in the December 16th merger presentation for 2025. And with that, I'll turn it back to Nitin for further comments.

Nitin? Thank you, Brett. In summary, we had a strong fourth quarter and a solid year in a challenging macroeconomic environment. Fee revenues, expenses, and credit came in ahead of our expectations from a year ago. While net interest income was down, the yield curve was steepening, and this will serve as a meaningful tailwind for our NII and operating leverage in the coming year. We are entering 2025 with a strong momentum across key business metrics. I'm truly proud of what our team has accomplished and how far we've come since I joined as CEO four years ago. We've streamlined our operations by exiting non-core businesses and processes, optimized our footprint through consolidation and pruning of our branch network, along with rationalization of legacy corporate real estate across the footprint. And we've gotten our loan growth and more recently our deposit growth engines running well. We've invested in technology and digitized our offerings to improve the client experience and relationship deepening. I'm excited about the potential for the combined Berkshire and Brookline franchises. The combined entity will provide more growth opportunities for our employees, continued commitment to our communities, enhanced products and services for our customers, and significantly higher profitability and returns for our shareholders. With that, I'll turn it over to the operator for questions. Operated.

Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press star 1 again. Please ensure you are not on speakerphone and that your phone is not on mute when called upon. Thank you. Your first question comes from the line of David Bishop with Hovde Group. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, gentlemen. Morning, Dave. Hey, Nitin and Brett and company. Just curious, you know, a really good quarter here on the loan growth side. Just curious, I don't know if you can ring fest it, maybe how much of that, what percent, what contribution was maybe from some of the new hires that you guys have been adding over the past year or so?

Yeah, I think at a high level, To begin with, the bulk of the growth came in from our commercial book. And within that, the good news part was also it was pretty well balanced. So it came on a broad-based CNI, grew actually faster than our Cree book. A lot of this production was, again, from both existing and new bankers. So I wouldn't give a specific mix for that, but I think it's all cylinders firing at the same time.

Got it. And they're just curious, you know, as you've added these senior bankers, has the average loan size in relationship to their booking moved appreciably since the beginning of the year?

No, it's been relatively steady. Our credit box and, you know, holding limits haven't changed. So it's pretty steady through the year.

Got it. And then... I know the end of the core, as you noted, can be impacted by payroll deposits. Do you have like a dollar amount how much they were sort of elevated relative to norms?

Yeah, I think, you know, on average they were probably up about $500 million. You know, from-they usually are right around a billion dollars on average, and I think that year end we were up about half a billion.

And, Dave, that's been consistent. If you look at all three years, 24, 23, 22, the payroll ends up at about $1.5 billion. So that's about $500 million higher, as Bert said, compared to the normal months and quarters.

Got it. And it looks like, you know, obviously, you know, with the Fed being aggressive here in the fourth quarter and the December margin at $3.18, sounds like there might be some tailwinds not only on the you know, the loan side, the borrowing side, but also deposits. Just curious if you still see some progression downward on the funding cost side on the interest-bearing deposits. Thanks.

You know, we definitely do. You know, we are expecting some modest expansion in the NIM as we move forward into Q1, you know, primarily through decreases on the funding side.

Great. I'll hop back in with you.

Thank you, Dave. My apologies. The next question is from Billy Young of RBC. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, guys. How are you? Morning, Billy. Good.

How are you?

Doing well. Doing well. Thank you. Just to follow up on David's question just on the deposits, understanding the seasonal lift from payrolls, The core growth still looked pretty good. It seems like you're getting some traction on your deposit gathering efforts. So can you just maybe elaborate on what you think the deposit opportunity this year is? You mentioned some of the wholesale funding is maturing later this year. So do you think you'll be able to generate enough core deposit growth to offset some of that? It just feels like you're getting a lot of momentum here on the deposit side. Thanks.

Yeah, Billy, I'll just give you a macro view of the growth itself. So the average growth, right? So that normalizes for the spikes at the end of the quarter. The average growth was 3%. And then you could look at it two different ways, product view and the channel view. Products, pretty much across all products, there was growth, including DDAs growing by about 2%. And between DDA, savings, money market, CDs, the growth was about 2% to 5%. So that kind of blended to that 3%. broad-based product growth. And in terms of the channels, the biggest growth outside of payroll came from commercial and private bank, retail, and also the new digital channel that was launched that roughly contributed over 15% of retail deposit generation in the quarter. So very broad-based kind of growth. And we're hoping that that momentum continues.

Great. Thank you for that. And maybe just, you know, kind of going back to the other side of the balance sheet, just on kind of looking at, you know, loan growth drivers for the year. You know, you mentioned a couple of modest headwinds this quarter, but, you know, underlying growth also looked pretty solid there. It seems like, you know, things are picking up on the commercial side for 2025. So can you just talk a little bit of general commentary on, you know, just kind of underlying growth what you're seeing in terms of underlying activity and maybe a little bit of customer sentiment and kind of how do you balance, you know, the building strength and CNI against, you know, maybe some of the need to kind of control commercial real estate concentrations ahead of the book line deal.

Yeah, I'll start off, and Brett could provide more color on the forward look. So I think the growth, again, broad-based in the lending portfolio. CNI actually grew at a faster pace than CRE. We did actually offload the part of the consumer portfolio in the quarter. So I think that kind of brought the growth rates down. So normalized, it is about a percent or so, or 2%, closer to 2%. growth in the quarter on an end of period basis. So we do expect to see the momentum going. The pipeline was actually lower quarter over quarter, but year over year, it was about 20% higher. So it feels like on a seasonal basis, there is momentum. Our teams are being very judicious. Our CRE team that has done an exceptional job managing the serving our clients while managing the balance sheet judiciously. We continue to keep it at or below that 300% of risk-based capital, and I think that will remain to be our kind of the operating guideline. And CNI, we're seeing some real good momentum between CNI and ABL teams. So I think that momentum should continue, and Brett could give more color around how we expect that to expand the margins going forward.

Yeah, and I think we do see that happening in the first quarter. I think we expect, you know, some decent balance sheet growth heading into Q1 in 2025, allowing our NIM to expand in the first quarter.

Great. Thank you. And just one final question. Any commentary on just kind of near-term expense expectations?

Yeah, I think we've shown pretty good momentum on the expense side over the last few quarters. We expect to see that momentum continue into 2025 with no real significant changes in that as we move forward.

Great. Thank you. I'll step back.

The next question comes from Chris O'Connell with KBW. Your line is open.

Hey, morning.

Morning, Chris.

So just wanted to start off on credit. Obviously, this quarter, after all the recent actions came out really good and kind of below the recent trends, given the disposal of the majority of the Upstart portfolio and just kind of the recent progress here, do you guys think you know, the normalized kind of, you know, net charge-off rate going forward, you know, is down a bit, you know, than, you know, the past few quarters?

I think the normalized charge-offs for us, we believe, should be in the range of 20 basis points. So we've had a couple of quarters better than that, but we believe it normalizes at around 20 basis points range here. Up, Chris. Okay, great.

And then, you know, I know the office portfolio, you know, has been performing, you know, very strong and isn't too big for you guys, but it looks like about, you know, 22% and another, you know, 19% are maturing in 25, 26. And I think the entire portfolio is about, you know, 4.7% criticized. Can you just give us a sense of how much of that criticized portion is within the 22, or the 25 and 26 maturities?

Greg, you want to give some color there?

Yes, actually none at all in 2025. Okay, great. And nothing on 26 either? There is a small credit in 2026, 3 million.

Okay, thanks. And just you guys mentioned the digital deposit efforts. I was wondering what that overall balance is and then what the cost of that is just compared to the overall deposit portfolio.

Yeah, I'll ask Sean to give some color there. Sure.

We're very focused on pricing that portfolio similar to the offerings we have in both our retail and commercial bank. You know, we're pleased that the average deposit size is also mirroring our retail account openings. And the average DDA size is also, you know, much better than national trends. So the program is relatively new. We are up over 60 million in digital deposits with some good, and Nitin mentioned the good growth rates this quarter. So, you know, we're pleased that we've got good momentum, and we hope that pipeline continues into next year.

and chris just to maybe add a little more color to this i think some part of this uh program that was launched by the team also uh kind of leverages the investments that we made made in our technology stack and i think that allows us to do this more effectively so historically you've seen most of the banks have struggled to keep a bright amount of balances in digital deposits or have higher attrition or have higher fraud and i think we addressed that we took all those learnings leverage our tech stack and have built a pretty robust program, as like Sean said, we feel pretty good about the momentum we're seeing across this matrix. Okay. Thanks, Vin.

And then just wanted to follow up. You know, I know, you know, there's, you know, no full year guidance, but, you know, just getting a little bit more granular into next quarter given, you know, branch shell and kind of the various moves over the past couple quarters. You know, I mean, as far as just going into Q1, how you guys are thinking about, you know, the expense run rate?

Yeah, I think we've had a lot of positive momentum with expenses over our recent history. I think we're going to continue that as we move forward. You know, that's obviously a point of focus for us. We meet regularly to make sure that we're spending every dollar as effectively and efficiently as possible. So, I would expect to see that momentum continue.

Okay.

The next question comes from Laura Hunsicker with Seaport Research Partners. Your line is open.

Yeah, hi, thanks. Good morning. Morning, Lori. Maybe just starting over in your other, other income, the $4.9 million, how much of that was BOLI death benefit there?

I think BOLI was about almost a million dollars higher than our normal run rate, quarter over quarter.

Okay, and was there anything else non-recurring in that?

We did have some seasonally high revenue sharing fees, but that's a seasonal thing that comes in usually at the end of the fourth quarter every year. Another thing, quarter over quarter, I would say those are kind of the two pieces that drove the increase, but I wouldn't say anything. Bully was probably the most significant component of that.

Okay, great. Thanks. And then Just going back to sort of normalized charge-offs and also upstart and Firestone, which I'm very happy you guys continue to provide the detail that's helpful. Can you just help us think about, though, you know, these two books have combined been half, three quarters, and some quarters even more of your charge-offs, right? So after that, your charge-offs have been actually tracking single digits. So I guess question on normalized charge-offs. Is that a stripping that out number or that's including that in when we're looking at 20 basis points? And then ahead of the Brookline MOE, again, the upstart and the Firestone bleed, and it was great to see the upstart fail on October 16th, but can you just refresh us? What are the reserves on those two books and why not just write them off, sell them for whatever, get them done before you close so that that headache is completely in the rearview mirror. How are you thinking about that?

Thank you. One of those started off, and I'll jump in as well.

Sure. Lori, those are embedded in that expectation of normalized charge-offs. Firestone has been really performing better than expected. So we don't really see any issues in the Firestone book, and we actively are looking at at possibly selling the remaining book of the upstart as well. Our reserves for the upstart are probably in excess of 50% of the balances that are outstanding now.

Okay, great. So basically, if we think about normalized charge-off, so that number, it's still single digits. It's not 20 basis points.

Are you guys there? No, yes, we're there. No, I think 20 basis points is what we believe to be the normalized run rate. I think our 10-year average has been about 35, 37 basis points. We believe credit quality is stronger. So I think we don't expect, you know, continue to see 7 and 14 basis points type of charge-offs. So I think the normalized run rate could be 20 basis points.

Okay, I mean, notwithstanding the fact Upstart has been like three quarters of your charge off, quarter after quarter after quarter. Right. Okay, okay. And then just last question, thinking about the closing, and I don't know if this is a Paul and Carl question, but, you know, we are seeing much, much faster approvals rolling through the latest, you know, the third largest merger announced in 2024. the AUB SASR deal um you know seven weeks after filing their application they get fed approval even ahead of the state approvals right so they were supposed to close in the third quarter of 25 now they're closing April 1st 2025 can you help us think a little bit about the the timing are we going to see a faster closing here how should we be thinking yeah I think uh

Hello, you have a good lens of this and we look at the same numbers. And yes, I believe the general feeling is that the regulatory approvals might be faster, especially in the new administration compared to the previous one. It's just impossible to predict how much that is. I think both our, you know, both of us combined parties estimated that to be the end of third quarter, but it very well could be sooner, but we just can't forecast that.

Okay. Great. Thanks for taking my question.

Thank you, Lori. Thanks, Lori.

The next question comes from Mark Fitzgibbon with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. This is Greg Zingone stepping in for Mark. How are you?

Good. How are you?

Good. Quick questions. Could we see any other balance sheet actions that you guys might do to prepare for the MOE?

No, there is nothing on the radar.

Okay. And secondly, just looking for the next few quarters, I saw the tax rate was elevated in 4Q. Would you kind of be able to give us an idea on how we should be thinking about it for 1Q, 2Q, and 3Q?

Yeah, sure. Taxes were a little bit elevated, obviously, this quarter because of uh some non-deductible merger expenses uh that drove up the rate uh here in in q4 i think that's what pretty much drove it to the 26 percent uh i believe we're we're still uh expecting to be around the 22 23 percent tax rate uh for 2025 and going forward so awesome thank you

The next question is a follow-up from David Bishop of Hovde Group. Your line is open.

Yeah, just a couple follow-ups, either for Minton or Greg. You alluded to the change in administration here, and obviously there's been a lot of table-rattling in terms of downsides of the federal government, especially as it pertains to the real estate. Any exposure to the federal government or agencies that could be affected by the potential GSA downsizing within your footprint?

Greg?

No, that's a good question. I mean, we do have leases with government agencies. The positive part of the leases is that they're very long-term. The termination clause is, in a lot of the cases, will equal the amount of payment, so a very steep termination clause. So we have that embedded protection built into the loans associated with any government leases.

Got it. And that's sticking on sort of the loan question. Just curious, new originations this quarter versus last, and if they've moved appreciably either up or down post-quarter. Thanks. That's it for me.

So new originations were about, let me just give you one second, the exact numbers there. Yeah, they were modestly higher in terms of commitments on the commercial side and as well as consumer side. So modestly higher in the fourth quarter compared to third quarter.

And they can move much, I know it's early in the first quarter, but is there been much movement post quarter?

No, but I think as Brett mentioned in the script, there were a couple of deals on the commercial side that got pushed into the first quarter. So there'll be a little bit of a head start there. But the pipeline, again, year over year was up 20%. So I think that's normal. We think it should be similar kind of trajectory as we saw in the first quarter of last year. Great. Thank you.

This concludes the question and answer session. I'll turn the call to Nidin Mahatre for closing remarks.

Thank you all for joining us today on our call and your continued interest in Berkshire. Have a great day and be well.

Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect.