Citizens Financial Group, Inc.

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Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Citizens Financial Group Second Quarter Earnings Conference Call. My name is Alan, and I'll be your operator today. Currently, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, we will conduct a brief question-and-answer session. As a reminder, this event is being recorded. Now I'll turn the call over to Kristen Silberberg, Executive Vice President, Investor Relations. Kristen, you may begin.

Thank you, Alan. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. First this morning, our Chairman and CEO, Bruce Van Saan, and CFO, John Woods, will provide an overview of our second quarter results. Brendan Coughlin, Head of Consumer Banking, and Don McCree, Head of Commercial Banking, are also here to provide additional colour. We will be referencing our second quarter earnings presentation located on our Investor Relations website. After the presentation, we will be happy to take questions. Our comments today will include forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our results to differ materially from expectations. These are outlined for your review on page two of the presentation. We also reference non-GAAP financial measures, so it's important to review our GAAP results on page three of the presentation and the reconciliations in the appendix. With that, I will hand over to you, Bruce.

Thanks, Kristen, and good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining our call today. We announced solid results today and we continue to execute well through an uncertain environment. Highlights for the quarter include very strong fee performance, good deposit cost management, tight expense control, and credit metrics which were within expectations. Our balance sheet remains robust with a set one ratio of 10.7%. Our loan to deposit ratio was 80%. Our ACL ratio was 1.63%. and federal home loan bank advances are now below $600 million. Of note, we saw our revenues tick up relative to Q1. Our underlying PPNR grew by 2% over Q1. Our underlying net income grew by $13 million, or 3%. We repurchased $200 million in shares over the quarter, with our sequential EPS up 4%. The combination of our strong capital position Solid returns and capital freed up from non-core rundown has allowed us the capital flexibility to support our customers and return capital to shareholders. Share count is down over 5% versus a year ago. Our fee growth was relatively broad as capital markets fees continued their rebound led by low syndications and bond underwriting. Wealth and card fees both hit record levels. We also are in our wealth position payments business. Our private bank had a terrific quarter. We reached $4 billion in deposits, up from $2.4 billion in Q1, and tracking well towards our year-end 25 goal of $11 billion. We brought in two leading private wealth teams in the quarter, one from San Francisco and one from Boston, and we've reached $3.6 billion in assets under management at quarter end with nice momentum. Our commercial bank hired a middle market leader for Florida and for California during the quarter to increasingly important states for us. Our overall commercial franchise continues to be well positioned in serving the middle market, private capital, and key growth verticals, and we look for our strong performance to continue in the second half. I should pause to give a shout out to Don McCree for his appointment as Senior Vice Chair in June. Great recognition for his efforts over the years at Citizens. We have done a good job in executing on our strategic initiatives. Top 9 is tracking well to targets, and we have commenced work on Top 10, which will push into new areas like AI. Our BSO work is progressing well. Non-core ran down $1.1 billion in the quarter. Commercial C&I is refocusing on deep relationships, and we have a medium-term plan to reduce our CRE exposure. Credit metrics are holding up fine outside of general office. We continue the lengthy workout of general office, which will take several more quarters before we see improvement. Roughly 70% of our office exposure is suburban versus central business district, where loss given defaults of CBD properties. The good news is that we have our arms around the issue and we don't expect to see major surprises. Looking forward, we continue to be upbeat about our prospects. While there are still many uncertainties in the external environment, we feel we are in good position to navigate the challenges that may arise and we maintain a positive outlook for citizens over the balance of the year as well as the medium term. Our strategy rests on a transformed consumer bank and the aspiration to have the premier bank-owned private bank. We will continue to execute with the financial and operating discipline that you've come to expect from us. With that, let me turn it over to John.

Thanks, Bruce, and good morning, everyone. As Bruce mentioned, second quarter results were very solid in a number of key areas, starting with the excellent fee performance driven by strong capital markets fees and record results in wealth and card. Also, We managed our deposits portfolio quite well, with stable balances and lower interfering costs in a competitive environment, which positively impacted NII and NIM. Rounding out quarterly results, expenses and credit came in largely as expected. With respect to balance sheet strength, we continue to maintain a healthy credit reserve position and capital and liquidity levels near the top of our peer group. And importantly, we are executing well against our various multi-year strategic initiatives, including the build-out of our private bank. I'll summarize further highlights of second quarter financial results, referencing slides three to six. We generated underlying net income of $408 million for the second quarter, EPS of $0.82, and ROTC of 11.1%. Maintaining a strong balance sheet position is a top priority, and we ended the second quarter with set one at 10.7%, or about 9% adjusted for the AOCI opt-out removal. We also maintained our strong funding and liquidity profile in the second quarter. Our pro forma LCR is 119%, which is well in excess of the large bank category one requirement of 100%, and our period end LDR improved to 80.4%. On the funding front, we reduced our period and FHLB borrowings by about $1.5 billion linked order to $553 million. We continued our programmatic approach to increasing our structural funding base with a successful $750 million senior debt issuance during the second quarter, and we added about another $1 billion of auto-backed borrowings. That was our fourth issuance, essentially completing our auto program, and it was executed at our tightest credit spreads to date. We also refinanced preferred stock in the second quarter by issuing $400 million of new preferred and redeeming $300 million of higher coupon floating rate preferred on July 8th. Credit losses of approximately $180 million were in line with our expectations. The NCO rate rose a little to 52 basis points, reflecting loan balances coming in a little lower than expected. Our ACL coverage ratio of 1.63% is up two basis points from the prior quarter. This includes an 11.1% coverage for general office, up from 10.6% in the prior quarter. Regarding our strategic initiatives, the private bank is doing very well, having generated $4 billion of deposits and $3.6 billion of AUM through the second quarter. Also, our investments over the years in the private capital and capital market space are playing out nicely, as demonstrated this quarter. Finally, we are excited about our top of house initiatives, including the ongoing benefits from BSO and top, as well as growing contributions expected from data and technology related initiatives, such as generative AI and cloud migration. Next, I'll talk through the second quarter results in more detail, starting with net interest income on slide seven. As expected, NII is down 2% linked quarter, reflecting lower net interest margin and loan balances. With respect to NIM, as you can see in the walk at the bottom of our slide, our margin was down four basis points to 2.87%, reflecting a six basis point increase in swap expense due to the 60 basis point decline in average receive rate in the quarter. This is partly offset by a net increase in NIM of two basis points from all other sources, including higher asset yields, non-core runoff, and good deposit cost performance, with interfering deposit costs down three basis points. Overall, our deposit franchise continues to perform well in a very competitive environment, with our interest-bearing deposit data at 51%, which was down from 52% in Q1. Moving to slide eight, our fees were up 7% linked quarter given strong results in capital markets and record card and wealth results. Our capital markets business improved 14% linked quarter with higher bond underwriting and loan syndication fees given strong refinancing activity. M&A advisory fees were down slightly off a strong first quarter However, our deal pipelines remain strong, and we expect to see positive momentum in the second half of 2024. It's great to see our capital markets business holding the number one middle market sponsor book runner position by the second quarter in a row. This reflects the benefit of the investments we've made in our capabilities since the IPO and demonstrates the diversification of the business. Card fees were a record, primarily given the full quarter benefit of the first quarter transition to a new debit card platform, as well as seasonally higher purchase volume. We delivered record results in wealth driven by increased sales activity, as well as higher asset management fees given a constructive market environment and contribution from the private bank, which will continue to grow given the AUM increase in the second quarter from our wealth team hires. Mortgage banking fees are up modestly with a benefit from the MSR valuation net of hedging and an improvement in servicing P&L. Production fees were down slightly given a decline in margins. On slide 9, underlying expenses were down slightly as we saw the normal seasonal benefit in compensation and we did a nice job managing our expenses while continuing to invest in our strategic initiatives. Our top nine program is progressing well, and we continue to expect to deliver a $135 million pre-tax run rate benefit by the end of the year. We have commenced work on our top 10 program, and we'll provide more details later this year. On slide 10, period end and average loans are down 1% linked order as we continue to optimize our balance sheet and prioritize relationship-based lending. The linked quarter decline was driven by the runoff of our non-core portfolio of $1.1 billion. Core loans were broadly stable with a slight reduction in commercial balances, largely offset by an increase in retail. The decrease in commercial loans reflects pay downs and exits of lower returning credit only relationships, lower client loan demand, and corpus continuing to issue in the debt markets. Next on slides 11 and 12, we continue to do an excellent job on deposits in an extremely competitive environment. Period end deposits are broadly stable linked order as seasonally lower retail deposits was offset by strong growth in the private bank. We continue to see a slowing rate of migration from demand and lower cost deposits to higher cost interest bearing accounts with the Fed holding steady, as well as the benefit of deposit market share gains with the private bank. As a result, non-interest-bearing deposits are stable at about 21% of total deposits. Our deposit franchise is highly diversified across product mix and channels. About 69% of our deposits are granular, stable consumer deposits, and approximately 70% of our overall deposits are insured or secured. This attractive deposit base has allowed us to efficiently and cost-effectively manage our funding costs in the higher rate environment. Our interest-bearing deposit costs were down three basis points linked quarter given proactive management of our pricing strategy. Moving to credit on slide 13. Net charge-offs were 52 basis points of two basis points linked quarter reflecting broadly stable charge-offs and lower average loans. The commercial charge-offs in the quarter were largely driven by Cree general office and the fact that C&I recoveries were higher in 1Q versus 2Q. This increase in commercial was largely offset by a decrease in retail, primarily due to seasonal trends in auto and runoff. Non-accrual loans increased 4% linked quarter driven by increases in Cree general office and multifamily, which has been reflected in the reserve level for the quarter. Turning to the allowance for credit losses on slide 14. Our overall coverage ratio stands at 1.63%, which is a two basis point increase from the first quarter. reflecting broadly stable reserves and lower loan balances given non-core runoff and commercial paydowns and balance sheet optimization. A reserve of $369 million for the $3.3 billion general office portfolio represents 11.1% coverage, up from 10.6% in the first quarter. Additionally, since the second quarter of 2023, we have absorbed $319 million of cumulative losses in the general office portfolio. When you add these cumulative losses to the reserves outstanding, this represents roughly a 17% loss rate based on the March 2023 balance of $4.1 billion. Over the past six quarters, the general office portfolio is down roughly $900 million, to $3.3 billion at June 30, given paydowns of about $500 million and the charge-offs I just mentioned. The loss experience so far has been concentrated in the central business district properties with approximately two times the loss rate of suburban properties. Suburban exposure is 70% of our total at this point. On the bottom left of the page, you can see some of the key assumptions driving the General Office Reserve coverage level. which we believe represents a severe scenario that is much worse than we've seen in historical downturns, so we feel the current coverage is very strong. Moving to slide 15, we have maintained excellent balance sheet strength. Our set one ratio is a strong 10.7% of 10 basis points from one queue, and if you were to adjust for the AOCI opt-out removal under the current regulatory proposal, our set one ratio would be 9%. Both our SET1 and TCE ratios have consistently been among the top of our peers. You can see on slide 16 where our SET1 stands currently relative to peers. Given our strong capital position, we repurchased another $200 million in common shares, and including dividends, we returned a total of $394 million to shareholders in the second quarter. Moving to slide 17, our strategy is built on a transformed consumer bank the best-positioned commercial bank amongst our regional peers, and our aspiration to build the premier bank-owned private bank and wealth franchise. First, we have a strong, transformed consumer bank with a robust and capable deposit franchise, grounded in primary relationships and high-quality customer growth. Notably, the transformation of our consumer deposit franchise is the chief reason that our deposit performance has dramatically improved from the last upgrade cycle. We are much more nimble in our deposit raising capabilities now with more levers to pull and better analytical tools. And where our beta performance lagged our regional peers last time, so far this cycle we are better than peer median. We also have a differentiated lending platform where we are prioritizing building durable relationships with our customers, and we are focused on scaling our wealth business. Importantly, we continue to make great progress improving digital engagement with our customers and increasing deposit shares as we build our customer base, particularly in New York Metro. Next, we believe we have built the leading commercial bank amongst the super regional banks. We are focusing on serving sponsors and middle market companies in the high growth sectors of the economy, and we have full set of product and advisory capabilities to deliver to our clients. In particular, we are uniquely positioned to serve the private capital ecosystem, which appears poised for a strong recovery after one of the slowest deal-making periods in decades. We are starting to see a more constructive capital markets environment develop, and our consistent position near the top of the middle market and sponsor league tables gives us confidence that we have a right to win as activity picks up. Finally, we are building a premier private bank, and that is going very well and gaining momentum. We are growing our client base and now have about $4 billion of attractive deposits, a $1.6 billion increase from the prior quarter with roughly 30% non-interest bearing. Also, we are now at $1.4 billion of loans and continuing to grow. We recently opened private banking offices in Mill Valley, California and Palm Beach, Florida. and we are opportunistically adding talent to bolster our banking and wealth capabilities with our citizens' wealth management business as the centerpiece of that effort. We added two exceptional asset management teams in the second quarter, one from San Francisco and the other from Boston, bringing the total private bank AUM to $3.6 billion, well on our way to hit our $10 billion target by the end of 2025. Importantly, our private bank revenue increased 68% to about $30 million in the second quarter, and we are on track to break even on the bottom line later this year. Moving to slide 18, we provide the guides of the third quarter. This outlook contemplates a 25 basis point rate cut in each of September and December. We expect NII to be down 1% to 2% driven by one last step up in swap costs this cycle. Non-interest income should be up slightly, reflecting seasonally lower capital markets, more than offset by a pickup across other categories. We expect non-interest expense to be stable. Net charge-offs are expected to be down modestly, and the ACL should continue to benefit from non-core runoff. Our SEP1 ratio is expected to come in about 10.5%, with approximately 250 to 300 million of share repurchases currently planned. With respect to the full year 2024 guide we provided in January, we feel good about the overall level of PPNR. Revenues are tracking broadly in line with some puts and takes. NII is expected to come in at the upper end of the down 6% to 9% range, reflecting lower loan balances, with NIM trending modestly better. Fees should come in modestly above the range of 6% to 9% originally expected. You should expect us to continue to do well on expenses, which will be broadly in line with the January guide. We expect NII and net interest margin to rebound in the fourth quarter, given swap costs that peaked in the third quarter, with a return to positive operating leverage in the fourth quarter. In addition, net charge-offs are trending in line with our January expectations. We continue to expect to end the year with a target set-win ratio of approximately 10.5%, and the level of shareholder purchases will be dependent on our view of the external environment and loan growth. To wrap up, we delivered a strong quarter with good momentum in capital markets, record results in wealth and card, and credit performance that continues to play out largely as expected. Our capital levels are strong, near the top of our peer group, and we are maintaining robust liquidity and funding. Our unique multi-year strategic initiatives, including the build-out of our private bank, are progressing well, and our consumer and commercial banking businesses are well-positioned to drive strong performance over the medium term. Given these tailwinds, combined with strong execution and tight expense management, we remain confident in our ability to hit our medium-term 16% to 18% return target. And with that, I'll hand it back over to Bruce.

Thank you, John. Alan, let's open it up for Q&A.

Thank you, Mr. Van Zandt. We are now ready for the Q&A portion of the call. If you would like to ask a question, please press 1 then 0 on your telephone keypad. You'll hear an indication you've been placed in the queue, and you may remove yourself from the queue by repeating the 1 then 0 command. If you're using a speakerphone, we ask that you please pick up your handset and make certain that your phone is unmuted before pressing any buttons. Again, for questions, press 1, then 0 at this time. Our first question will come from the line of Peter Winter with TA Davidson. Go ahead.

Good morning. Can you provide an update on the loan outlook in the second half of the year and maybe just talk about customer sentiment and what it's going to take to kind of move them off the sidelines?

I'll go ahead and jump on that one. I think we're seeing pretty positive signs for 2H as it relates to loan growth. When we look at the three different businesses that really will drive that, we've got the private bank, which has demonstrated the ability to not only grow deposits in AUM, but the private bank is actually penetrating its customer base and growing loans in the second quarter, and we expect that to actually continue and begin to accelerate into the second half. In the commercial space, customer activity is picking up. We do expect to see that particularly in our sort of call it M&A advisory-related driven finance arena. We're seeing some opportunities in the subscription line space as well as some pickup in fund finance. And then in retail, we've been seeing some opportunities in HELOC and mortgage. So all three legs of our stool, as we call it, are starting to demonstrate the ability to really deliver on that loan growth expectation as you look out into the second half.

Yeah, John, I'll jump in on that. It's Don. I think, you know, one of the interesting things we've seen, and this goes to capital markets also, is a real pickup in new money activity over the last six to eight weeks as the interest rate cycle appears to be abating and the economy seems to be okay. So that's driving growth in subscription lines. That's driving a little bit more bullishness among our core C&I customers. and it's certainly driving opportunistic activity among the PE firms. So I think we'll see some decent growth in the second half of the year. Exact timing, you know, I'm not exactly sure, but we did see at the end of the second quarter the beginnings of some pretty significant draws on our subscription lines.

Yeah, and I'll jump in, too, on the consumer and private banking side. The consumer story is a little complicated given the non-core rundown. We're running down $800 million to a billion each quarter. But if you put that aside, the fundamentals of our core loan business are actually growing at a reasonable clip, really led by residential lending and a little bit in card. Our HELOC position remains incredibly strong. With rates being higher than we had expected going into the year and our customers having the most home equity in their personal balance sheet in the history of the United States, our HELOC market position is reaping a lot of benefits for us. We're seeing very strong HELOC growth, despite the mortgage challenges, some modest growth in the mortgage portfolio. We're starting to see a bit of a tick up on the card book. And then turning to the private bank, really our offering is much broader than what the team that we hired was used to. So we're starting to see a diversification of that book. Early days it was really led by private equity and venture capital call lines. That's still a strength of the business model. We did see in this last quarter in Q2 a diversification towards consumer. So consumers now 36% of the loan book versus in the low 20s earlier in the year. Some mortgages starting to pick up, some HELOC lending, and still continued strength in business banking and private equity. We expect that trend to continue.

That's a great caller. Thank you. On a separate question, the stress capital buffer came in higher than I was expecting. I'm sure it's higher than what you expected. Are there any plans to kind of reassess any of the businesses to help drive a lower SEB? Bruce, you mentioned some plans over the medium term to reduce the CRE exposure.

Yeah, I guess we were a bit disappointed in the SEB. And I'd say I think the Fed overall does a pretty good job on credit. They are very conservative, but they have a lot of data to work from. And where we've consistently been frustrated has been on their modeling of PPNR. And so our own modeling of PPNR is kind of much more robust. I think we do things like we pick up forward starting swaps. We tailor the situation to the scenario where if rates are much lower, then we're going to see a pickup in mortgage fees and a pickup in capital markets fees, depending on the scenario. Anyway, I'd say the good news is we have sufficient capital. We run at a conservative level. So having a higher SCB than we think is appropriate isn't really hindering our strategy. And so I don't think, Peter, that we need to make significant changes to the business model. I think we're on the right track. Having said that, the balance sheet optimization is still places where there's work to do to optimize the risk-adjusted return that we make off the balance sheet and to hopefully improve some of the stress results on the credit side. And so, you know, CRE, we can see You know, that rundown, we popped up after we did the investors acquisition. A lot of that was kind of low risk multifamily, but certainly we want to create the capacity to lend in areas that really further deeper relationships and we'll have more C&I kind of fill some of that void as we bring down CRE would probably be the biggest shift that you'd see on the balance sheet over time.

Thanks, Bruce.

Next question, Noah. Your next question comes from the line of Erica Najarian with UBS. Your line is now open.

Hi, good morning. This question, this first question is for John. John, I think you were at a conference in June and you talked about, very positively, about an exit rate for the fourth quarter of 2024 and the net interest margin. I'm wondering if you could readdress that again And maybe put it in context of, you know, you noted that the swap costs were peaking in the third quarter. If you could get that in context on how you expect, you know, asset yields to project, you know, as we think about that September and December rate cut. And obviously the three basis point improvement in interest bearing deposit costs are notable, you know, thoughts in the trajectory, you know, from here. whether it's in context of the recuts and without.

Yes, sure, Erica. I guess what I'll start off with is that at the beginning of the year, we did indicate that we thought the exit NIM would be in that neighborhood of 285 or so. I'd say that as we've gotten into the middle part of the year, we expect that to come in a little better. I think I did mention that at conference earlier last quarter. I think we can confirm that those trends continue to be looking good, that we're going to end up a little better than what we expected. Broadly, what we said at the time was that we saw loans coming in a little lower. and pushed out a little bit more than we had originally expected, but that was getting offset in part from better net interest margin trends. We were pleased to be able to print a very strong interest-bearing deposit costs number that was down three basis points this quarter. You know, I think it's very likely that our interest-bearing deposit costs have peaked in the first quarter, that we had a nice opportunity to kind of price our rollovers of CDs in the second quarter, and that was a tailwind. I think there'll be some variability there, but I think 1Q is probably the peak, and that'll provide a nice tailwind as you get into the second half of the year. I mean, broadly, the trends when you get into the fourth quarter are are along the following lines. Every quarter we're generating a couple of basis points of positive benefit from all other sources outside of swaps. And so given the third quarter is the last time that we'll see a step up in swap costs, Really, that the rest of the bank will be able to drive net interest margin rising off of that NIMTROP and 3Q into 4Q. And the big drivers would be, you know, there's a number of them. I mean, we've got non-core, which continues to run off and is providing about two basis points a quarter of net interest margin all by itself. You've got asset yields around five basis points or so, X swaps, given the front book, back book dynamic that we're seeing, which is in that 200 to 300 basis point range from the standpoint of what's happening with securities and loans. And then, you know, you have the initiatives with the private bank, which is accretive across the board, which is contributing. So all of those things I think you'll see contribute, you know, and I'd say that, you know, getting that first Fed cut in late September would be, you know, also helpful. It's not necessary for us to stay on track. for having a really strong, you know, rebound in 4Q. But it does help, I'd say, address, you know, the higher for longer pressures that, you know, pricing pressures on deposits that will continue to bump along, you know, until that first cut comes out from the Fed. So let me stop there and see if that addresses a number of the points that you made.

That does. And, you know, as you lay out the path, and you said a third, you know, from a, a rising pass for the net interest margin from what you mentioned as a 3Q24 trough. I'm wondering about the size of the balance sheet. Do you feel like your mix is optimized? In other words, as your investors think about a normalizing NIM and multiply that by your balance sheet, is your balance sheet growth going to be in line with business growth? Or will there be moves that you're making in terms of, you know, wholesale funding or whatever else that could move balance sheet growth sort of underneath business growth or above business growth.

Yeah, it's a good question. I'd say, you know, I think there might be two different answers here. One is in the second half of 24, we have a, you know, at the balance sheet date here at June 30, we have a significant amount of excess liquidity. And so you could see us deploy some of that into lending through the second half. And that's very powerful in terms of the ability to drive net interest margin. And so we're pleased to be able to do that given how strong our balance sheet position is at June 30. But I'd say when you zoom out and think about the medium term, we without a doubt have opportunity to grow the balance sheet over time in line with, you know, business growth adjusted for the balance sheet optimization initiatives that we have in place. But that powerful combination of net interest margin reflating into that, you know, call it, you know, what did we say, 325 to 340 range, plus the opportunity to grow the balance sheet over the medium term is really, one of the – is the primary and majority, you know, driver of our ROTC targets over the medium term. So, you know, I think maybe a little bit of transition in 2H where we'll probably deploy some liquidity, but then growing into 25 and 26 and beyond.

I would just add to that, Eric, is – I do think we have one thing that's pretty unique to us, which is the launch of the private bank. So if we just grow at kind of nominal GDP, kind of in the medium term for consumer and commercial, we should grow a little faster because the private bank is scaling up. And certainly as the customer base grows and we keep adding and investing in the business, we should see additional growth there.

Well said guys, thank you.

Your next question will come from the line of Ryan Nash with Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open. Mr. Nash, if you could please check your mute feature on your phone.

Alan, maybe we can come back to Ryan. Let's move on to the next question and we'll circle back to Ryan.

Yes, one moment, please. Mr. Nash, you will have to re-cue by pressing 1, then 0 again. We'll go next to Scott Schiefers with Piper Sandler. Your line is now open.

Everybody, thanks for taking the question. Maybe we could sort of pivot to the fee story for a moment. That's been a pretty solid story this quarter. And John, it sounded like we'll see maybe some seasonal capital markets weakness in the third quarter, but it feels like it's on a good trajectory. So just maybe some thoughts on the overall investment banking pipeline, how it looks, and then just broader thoughts on the main drivers as you see them for the fee-based outlook.

I'll start off with the broader picture and maybe let Don tell us a little bit more about the capital markets pipeline outlook. But more broadly, I mean, we're really pleased with our performance in the second quarter and printing another number one middle market sponsor position on the table. It's nice to see the second quarter in a row. You know, 3Q is the typical seasonal market. period where it's a little down for capital markets, and we expect that that may play out, you know, as it's done in prior years. But, I mean, I think the floor in that seasonally down period is actually higher this year than it's been in prior years, so that's something to keep in mind, that given all of the investments, we actually, sure, we'll be down off a great 2Q, but the floor is probably higher than prior years, number one. Number two, the diversification not only within capital markets but outside of capital markets and all the investments we've been making in wealth. We had those two significant asset management teams that we brought on board plus all of our organic investments inside the private bank and broadly is really driving wealth fees. So here to see wealth fees be a bigger contributor in the third quarter and And just as you see the rate environment moving around, we're seeing opportunities in helping our customer hedge the exposure to rates. And so we expect to see some benefit there and just a number of other categories, including service charges and ability for possibly some mortgage banking opportunities as rates seem to be stabilizing and down. So there's just a number of other categories, given the diversification of the platform, That will allow us to stay on track here as you head into the third quarter.

Just to add to that, we did take some regulatory cleanup items in other incomes, so that was suppressed in the quarter, which should bounce back next quarter. But with that, Don, why don't we give a little more color on capital?

Yeah, so it's interesting. The characteristics of the market are very favorable right now. There's enormous amounts of liquidity. And that drove really the first half of the year, which was primarily a refinancing market. So if you look at transactions done in the core capital markets being syndicated lending and bonds, it was about 85% refinancing of existing exposures that were on people's balance sheet and extending maturities and alike. What we didn't see and what we're beginning to see is new money activity. led by the private equity team. So as we move into a more favorable interest rate environment, a decent economic environment, we're starting to see the pipelines really grow on the PE side of the business. And frankly, that's where the big underwritings are, and that's where the profitability drives. M&A is hanging in there pretty well. We are primarily a middle market investment bank, so we do the midsize deals, 100 million valuation to a billion valuation, 100 million capital raise to a billion capital raise. So those have actually been more resilient than the really big ticket M&A deals, which are getting government scrutiny and getting held up in regulatory approval. So those seem to be moving along reasonably well. The place we haven't seen a lot, we've seen actually more than we saw last year, is in the IPO side of the business. There are a lot of IPOs that are kind of prepped and ready, but people aren't pulling the trigger and going to market. And some of that's been the aftermarket performance of the IPOs that have happened so far. But if we can continue to get the broadening of the equity markets and the high rise of the equity markets, you could see some of that begin to come. And then we have a pretty decent pipeline in the convert side and the follow-on side. So it's broad-based. It's pretty encouraging. And I think the backdrop is very favorable for a good second half and a great 25, frankly. And we think we've got all the pieces we need to take advantage of the markets.

I'd maybe just very quickly add on the consumer side, our improvement is very durable, sticky. So the card changes that both John and Bruce mentioned, we reissued 3.5 million debit cards last quarter in a new contract that just drops directly to the bottom line. It's predictable and will stick around. Service charges has bottomed out. Mortgage, we think, will be in the zone. It could get a little bit of favorability if rates drop a little bit. And then the wealth AUM growth is sticky, durable, repeatable fee income. So that's what we're calling for, a steady, continued upward momentum on consumer without a lot of volatility.

I'll just add one more thing. We're beginning to see it's interesting because the private banking teams never had a capital market business at their prior employer. And so we're starting to see some crossover activity among the private banking clients here coming on board in the capital markets. I don't know if that's a second half thing, but I think that's a brand new opportunity from a client base that was never really resident at Citizens before.

Terrific. Thank you for that, Collin. And then I wanted to ask a little bit about the reserve and specifically the office reserve. I think we're up at 11.1% now, which is, of course, very, very high. I guess I'm curious about the factors, as you might think about them, that would – allow you to start sort of absorbing losses with that existing reserve? In other words, what sort of allows that office reserve to start to come down rather than to continue to tick off? I think when you talk about the reserve more broadly, you've pointed to non-core runoff as being the thing that might allow the reserve to benefit, but just curious about how office fits in there in particular.

Yeah, I would say, I'll start and let John add color, but I'd say that office, there's still a lot of uncertainty in that space. Just what we're seeing in terms of valuations, cap rates, the path of future interest rates. And so I think we've played it conservatively with having a big reserve and then just kind of letting the charge-offs run through while maintaining the reserve. I think you'd have to get to a point where you started to see things solidify a little bit and start to move in the right direction, so to speak. And I don't really see that happening actually for certainly this year. It will happen maybe sometime in next year. So we're kind of prepared for a slog here on office that we've got our arms around. The properties, we know what the maturity schedules are. We've got good people working with the borrowers to deliver good outcomes. I don't expect we'll see any big surprises, but we'll continue to, I think, just work our way through it. At the point where we hit a kind of feel-better moment when things start to look like they're moving in the right direction, that's when we'll be able to start to draw down on the reserve. and we'll reap a nice benefit when that happens. John?

Yeah, I would just echo that point. I mean, just having some growing confidence in valuations and seeing maybe transactions occur could be in all likelihood a 2025 outcome. And so this is a multi-quarter, probably multi-year journey that we're on. But given all the balance sheet strength that we have with our capital position, we feel really confident that any uncertainties are expressed in the reserves anything else would be supported by the capital. I would also mention that we're working the book down. I mean, we started out at 4.2 billion. We're down to 3.3 billion, so we're lowering the exposure every quarter.

We're working- Some of that's the good way, through repayments, and some of it's through charge-offs.

Yeah, exactly.

And the less, it is coming down.

Exactly, and we're getting some kind of pay-offs and pay-downs. We're working through the riskier credits. And we're having conversations that have been accelerated given our maturity profile that we've had the opportunity to really lean in with our borrowers. And when and if we've come to sort of extensions, we've been able to extract, in many cases, better positioning and collateral. So this is, as I said, a multi-quarter journey, and we're feeling good about where we stand.

Just to elevate, too, to the second part of your question, is that away from that, away from the general office, We're still feeling good about what we're seeing in the consumer metrics in commercial CNI, and we run our reserve calculations based on scenarios, and clearly the risk of recession seems to be less than it was a couple quarters ago. our need to keep adding to reserves for rest of the book would seem to be abating somewhat. So that's why when we say we'll continue to see, we're calling out a slightly lower charge-off number in Q3, and then we have the trend of being able to draw down on those reserves, which I think will accelerate in coming quarters.

Perfect.

All right. Thank you all very much.

Your next question comes from the line of Ken Houston with Jefferies. One moment, please, while we open your line, Mr. Houston. Your line is now open. Go ahead.

Okay, great. Good morning. Hey, John and Bruce. On the cost side, so you guys are doing a really good job keeping costs flat. You mentioned earlier you're hiring some bankers. You obviously have the wealth management people. And I'm just wondering if you can help us understand, like, the growth that you have there and like where the top and extra cost program are in terms of the offsets to be able to kind of still you know hold the line i know that it's kind of in line with your full year guidance but just the puts and takes of kind of where we are at this point of the year in terms of you know um you know is there just more to come on top you know to offset those um those those hires and the growth and the you know strong investment banking results etc thanks

Yeah, thanks, Ken, for the question. Just talking about TOP, it's been emblematic of who we are, as you know, for a number of years. The TOP9 program is going to generate, call it, 135 million or so run rate benefits when you get to the end of this year in 2024. The underpinnings of that program, we often have vendor contributions. That's a big driver. We launched a data and analytics contribution. this year, which will continue into future years. We've had a really interesting ability to invest in our fraud program and a number of other opportunities, including branch rationalization, that have underpinned a really strong top program this year. That, of course, is the way over time we have been able to invest in entrepreneurial and innovative initiatives while not needing to cover that and to self-fund those kinds of things. The top ten program we're working on. We're feeling good about the early opportunities. I think we've launched some analysis in the generative AI space. We're live on a couple of use cases, and I think we're going to see an ability to broaden out there pretty nicely in terms of underpinning the Next Top program. There's a half dozen of other areas, expanding data and analytics. what we're doing in our technology space, converging our platforms with our ability to converge our mainframes. So I do think that we feel very good about the ongoing ability to make investments and self-fund those investments to the top program as you get into the end of 24 and into 25. And maybe I'll just stop there and see if there's anything else that others would like to add.

Okay, great. All right, second question. I know that you issued 400 preferreds and redeemed 300 in early July. And I think with that, you're still kind of in the, what, 1-2, 1-3 zone, maybe 1-3 preferreds to RWAs, you know, as you contemplate the buyback. as you think about the SCB and all that, how do you just think about the overall capital stack in terms of what your ultimate goals are for optimization of your capital position? Thanks.

We're feeling pretty good about where we stand in the capital space. I mean, I think we basically think that around 125 is fine. We end up with, we probably have more set one. So when you look at the overall tier one stack, we've got higher quality capital given the fact that we have more set one driving our overall tier one. 125 is fine. It's probably, you know, we probably won't go much below that. And a range of 125 to 150 of RWAs is probably where we'll operate. We have a number of issues out there that are coming into the ability into call periods and into 25 and so there could be some opportunities to refinance just like we did this year. There are some very interesting refinance opportunities to lower our preferred coupon

uh you know that that we're paying on on the the preferred uh capital uh so that's something we'll keep an eye on um as we go forward into 25. okay great and sorry just one just one that follow up on on that last one just the um so the rwas have been coming down and your average earning assets have been kind of flat and i know you talked a little bit about this earlier But it's kind of flattish on total balance sheet size, average earning assets. Is that the right way to think about things going forward given all the moving parts on both sides of the balance sheet?

Yeah, I mean, for 24, I think the answer to that is yes with growing RWAs. As I mentioned, we have excess liquidity at June 30, and you could see the overall balance sheet being basically in the same zone as where we are today. But the ability to basically deploy some excess liquidity into lending in the second half is really the plan. So we would see RWAs and loans growing from June 30 to the end of the year.

We can see some growth, though, in, I'd say, spot deposits and spot loans in Q4 above that, about just deploying the liquidity. So just to be clear.

Yeah, agreed. We're going to see deposit growth and loan growth. It's just that, given the excess securities that we have on balance sheet, the overall insuring assets are about where they'll be, maybe just a little bit higher.

Got it. Thank you.

Your next question will come from the line of Manan Ghazalia with Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open.

Hey, good morning. If I try to back into the 4Q NII number using your full year guide and the 3Q guide, it implies a 3% to 4% quarter-on-quarter increase in NII and 4Q. My question there is, what do you need to see that uptick in NII? I know there's some benefit on the swaps front, but do you also need to see loan growth? Do you need to see deposit costs continuing to come down? Do you need any help from rates? Can you help us frame that?

Sure. Yeah, and I'd say broadly that the majority of the increase in 4Q is really coming from net interest margin rebounding. So just allowing all of those positives, you know, tailwinds from net interest margin across the whole platform from non-core, the front book, back book dynamics, and all of those drivers is the majority of the increase in NII. However, there is a meaningful contribution expected from loan growth as well, and we talked about loan growth earlier in the call and how all three businesses, private bank, consumer, and commercial, are all expected to contribute to that in terms of how that plays out for the second half. When it comes to just that net interest margin number, as I mentioned, non-core, front book, back book, You also have increase in deposits that you just heard Bruce talk about, that's a better funding mix where we'll have more deposits and less wholesale funding as you get into the second half. Your other question about deposit pricing and the rate cut, I think we're somewhat well-balanced around whether the Fed cuts or not. We tend to have some offsetting forces there where we have some asset sensitivity and a net floating position that benefits with rates being a little higher, but then that's often the higher for longer impact on deposit migration tends to keep us close to neutral. And so whether we get a cut or not, I think we're feeling pretty good about the fourth quarter NII being a nice rebound and a meaningful increase versus 3Q. And then the last part I'll throw out there is, again, all the initiatives and how, for example, balance sheet optimization and private bank are all accretive to net interest margin on a quarterly basis.

And I would just add to that as well that we also think that, reminder, that the Q4 is a seasonally strong quarter for fees. So I think there could be that rebounded NII ticking in in Q4, strong feed quarter, continued discipline on expenses, credit seemingly moving in the right direction, and then continued share repurchase. So you put that all together, you could have kind of a nice uptick in the Q4 results.

That's really helpful. And then as a follow-up, on the commercial middle market side, You outlined several positive drivers for lines picking up in the back half. Does that come with higher utilization or do you need to see lower rates for utilization to pick up? And maybe how does the uncertainty around the election, how is that factoring into your conversations with clients?

Yeah, what we're seeing, what we're assuming in our utilization growth is it's largely in the capital call and subscription lines. So we're seeing a little bit in the middle market. So I think the middle market is, Trend will be a little bit longer. What we see in our middle market companies do is kind of take their leverage levels down with economic uncertainty. So as the economy begins to show signs of stabilization or certainty stabilization, maybe they get a little more aggressive investing in their businesses. And I was with a whole bunch of middle market CEOs last week, and every single one of them said they have renewed investment plans over the next 18 months. So that'll take a little bit longer. And I don't really see a massive impact from the election. I think you may get some market volatility based on what someone says day in, day out, but I think the medium-term trend is intact. And we are seeing, I mean, The playbook we're going to run in California and Florida, which Bruce mentioned, is going to mirror the playbook we ran in New York where we're having just extremely strong client acquisition as we bring experienced market bankers onto the platform and they bring their clients with them. So very early days, but those pipelines are building kind of literally within two months of hiring the new bankers. So they won't be huge numbers at the outset, but that will be another tailwind for us, I think.

Great. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of John Pancari with Evercore. Your line is now open.

Morning.

Morning.

Bruce, I think you talked about the expectation, the medium-term plan to shrink the CRE exposure incrementally from here. I just wanted to get an idea of where you think that could settle out. I mean, right now your commercial real estate loans are about 130% of your of your risk-based capital plus reserves. Where do you think it goes from that perspective post this expected runoff?

Yeah, I'd say, you know, over the medium term, we'd probably take the pure commercial book down at least 25%. And that'll come across the asset classes obviously want to be smaller in office. multifamily, we can lead that down a bit since we took a big upsurge with the investors deal. We will make room for some CRE opportunities with the private bankers since that's an important part of their customer base. And so there'll be a little bit of offset to that, but that kind of directionally gives you a sense as to kind of what the plans are. And as I said earlier in the call, I think we're making room for more CNI growth. We'd like to kind of flex and have a bigger loan capital allocation to CNI and a smaller to CRE over time.

Right. Okay. Thank you. That's helpful. And related to that, my second one is on the private banking side, First, on the deposit side, the $4 billion in deposits, I know 81% of that is commercial, 36% of that is DDA. How much of those deposits are deposits with venture capital and private equity firms or related to that industry?

Yeah. Of the commercial and business banking-oriented deposits, the majority are from private equity and venture firms. But I would note that it's heavily led by operating deposits. And so the way that the relationship actually works is starting at the their cash management operating bank, which is why the DDA and SUI percentage is so high in the business. So they're stable, predictable, and generally lendable deposits. So we're pleased with the profile. If you think of the loans that have come in, obviously the LDR of the private bank is quite low, and we've got a good amount of liquidity padding when you look at the lendability of the deposit base to continue to drive loan growth. even within the profile of just the private banks. So we're pleased with the quality. You're seeing the loan book diversify to consumers. The deposit book has still remained in that sort of 80-20 split. But given the pace of growth, that obviously suggests that the consumer business is also growing at a pretty healthy clip. That just takes some time, and we do expect that to catch up, and it will diversify over time to more of a 60-40, maybe over the longer term horizon 50-50, but with more... Most deposits and loans. Most deposits and loans, and the higher rates The higher rates have held back on mortgage, obviously, and then the business banking commercial deposit growth is quicker and lumpier, but we do expect that to continue to change over time, and we're pleased with the strength of the consumer opening these private banking offices, which should attract more of a high net worth individual as well.

Okay, thank you. Then one last one. If you could just maybe update us on the likelihood of additional team hires on the private banking side and then the wealth AUM going up to about $3.6 billion there. I know you acknowledged that might be a tougher slog, but it looks like towards the end of the quarter you had that big jump in AUM. Just curious if you can give a little bit of color around what's driving that recent upturn.

Yeah, I'll start and pass it to Brendan. But I just want to make an overriding point is that we want to demonstrate that we can run this as a profitable business. And so when we initiated the launch of the private bank, we put some markers out there as to what we were going to do this year, hitting break-even in the fourth quarter, and then next year getting to numbers that had, you know, 9 billion of loans, 10 billion of AUM, 11 billion of deposits. That translates to 5% accretion to our bottom line. And so we're still building the business. We're building the service levels. We're making investments in more support people. And we feel really good about the trajectory that we're on. We want to get that right, want to get that flywheel running. and hit those numbers before we start going crazy and making investments in other regions and other opportunities. Having said that, if there are particularly unique situations that we can kind of fit in and execute over the next 18 months that are important locations and they don't affect our ability to hit the numbers, we'll be open to that. And then the other thing is on the wealth management side, We had a strong base with Klarfeld. We knew ultimately that we were gonna have to expand the capabilities that we had by bringing in more teams. And the focus has been at a geographically situated teams that can be contiguous with the private banking teams that we've set up in San Francisco, Boston, New York, and Florida. And so, so far, we've been able to bring two great teams, like quality, everything, one in San Francisco, one in Boston. That's accounting for a big chunk of that rise in AUM with more to transfer in from their customer base. So we have momentum there. We also have a ton of folks interested in joining our platform. So we can have those conversations and keep bringing those wealth teams in because they don't really impact the near-term financials negatively. They usually come in a round break even with an opportunity to quickly turn into profitability. So, Brendan, you can add to that.

Yeah, you nailed it. I just want to repeat what you said. I would just say on the wealth side, we'll be very selective on the banking expansion until not only we have confidence in hitting the financials, but also it's still a build, and we're very pleased with how the build is going, and we're attracting clients. The market is still quite disruptive, both on the client side As well as the talent side that we're going to be very thoughtful and make sure that we're only attracting the highest of quality teams We're being very selective on that on the wealth side. I just said look this is for really The first time in our history I think our right to win in private wealth is at an all-time high and there's a lot of Inbounds we're getting from high some of the highest quality advisors in the market. We're also being very selective there I would remind you all that we have long been on the hunt for scale here. We've looked at a lot of acquisitions. We've obviously done one or two over the years, but the economics have been a little out of reach with 10 plus year paybacks on tangible book value when you're buying RIAs given the multiples that some of the private equity firms are paying. So the economics of the talent acquisition are significantly more attractive to us obviously with the de minimis tangible book value hit and to Bruce's point, there's not really a large J curve. in the short term. So we're very pleased with the inbounds and talent that we're getting. We expect to continue to selectively add top-end market wealth talent to really round out the bankers that we hired. So we're looking forward to a strong second half of the year there.

Great. Thanks, Brendan. Your next question will come from the line of Gerard Cassidy with RBC. Your line is now open. Go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning, Bruce. Good morning, John. John, you talked and gave us good detail about the office portfolio commercial real estate, and I think you said that some of your assumptions in that bottom left-hand corner of slide 14 show that this downturn is far worse than historical downturns. Can you share with us two ideas or two answers? The first is, When you look back, I think you guys have been aggressively attacking this portfolio for just over a year now. When you look back at those early workouts in the second quarter of 23, how are the assumptions that you're using then compared to today? And then second, and I'm with Bruce, that maybe this office problem doesn't resolve itself until sometime next year. What are you seeing incrementally in terms of valuations or losses, is it still deteriorating in office or has it just stabilized and we just gotta work through these portfolios?

Yeah, I'll go ahead and start off, Gerard. I think that earlier, what's evolved over the last year or so has been our outlook with respect to valuations and NOI. and what the rent rollovers would actually entail and at what speed we would see deterioration. Of course, our reserve levels are higher now than they were a year ago. Every quarter we endeavor to put a ring fence around the air exposures and give it our best attempt at forecasting what we think the evolution will be in valuations in NOI. I'd say that this quarter we've done that again, and we feel like we've leaned in with this 11.1%, which really, when you look at the property valuations peak to trough, that 72% has grown over the last year, and those have been the main drivers for why, after charging off, we still end up with this reserve of 11.1%. But I'd say that There's still a lot of uncertainty left, but I think the variability, we're hopeful that the variability in this will start to decline as we continue to work through our maturities and have conversations with our borrowers and extract additional collateral. and work through pay downs where we can. This will be a multi-quarter event and it'll take into 2025.

I would just add that I do think the Fed starting to move rates lower will certainly be a help here. you know, part of the reason the losses ended up higher than what potentially we thought back in early 23, because those cap rates going up had inflation that was impacting NOI and things like that. And so, you know, I think we've seen inflation now leveling off. And if the Fed starts to move rates down, that could also start to move things in the other direction. It's too early to call a victory here, but there are some positive signs. And I think lease-up rates generally are, you know, actually holding or potentially getting a little better as return to office picks up. But, again, that's not that significant in the big scheme of things.

Is it fair to say that the second derivative, the rate of deterioration that you guys are seeing, is it slowing in the office?

Yes. Oh, okay.

Yes. Yes. Okay. Good. Definitely. Okay. Thank you. Okay. And then as a follow-up, you guys talked a lot about private equity, and in your slide 17, you show some great numbers. Obviously, you're number one in the sponsor business, and your capital markets business is benefiting from that. So the question I have, and it's not on the capital call or subscription lines, but it seems over the years for banks to win in this capital markets business with sponsors, you have to use your balance sheet to win this business. You've got to lend money to the sponsors. So can you share with us your exposure to, I guess, one of the line items and one of the regulatory reports is non-depository financial lenders that, you know, you lending to them. Can you share with us your exposure there how you manage that risk because it seems like banking industry has been de-risked but maybe it's in the private credit side and the indirect exposure for the industry could come through that channel. Can you give us some color there, Bruce or Don? Thank you.

Yeah, AGR, why don't I take that? It's Don. So we bank the private capital sector in several different ways. We obviously have capital call and subscription lines, which are based on LPs. We have financing lines to some of the private credit organizations, which are kind of structured as almost like asset-backed lending, where we have diversified pools of loans underneath it, and we have advance rates and loans and the like. So it's actually relatively safe, almost investment grade like lending, even if those complexes begin to take some losses on their underlying portfolios. So we like those two businesses a lot. We're probably not going to grow them too much more across the entirety of the company because it is a large concentration already. But when you look at that, those non-bank financial numbers that includes insurance companies, there's a whole bunch of other exposures in there also. And then, of course, we land the riskiest stuff we do is to the underlying leveraged buyouts, and our strategy there forever has been very large holds. It's an underwrite to distribute business. The average outstanding is like $12 million on a given deal, so very diversified across a large group of leveraged credit. The book is actually shrinking given the lack of market activity over the last, you know, kind of, year and a half or so, so we feel like we're very well diversified, and I've been doing this business, as you know, for a very long time, and where you get really hurt is when you have big concentrations and leverage loans, and we see that with some of our competition, but we're not going to go there, just because that's the way you run those businesses. So those are the really big pops.

Thank you.

Your next question will come from the line of Matt O'Connor with Georgia Bank. One moment while we open your line, Mr. O'Connor. Your line is now open.

Thank you. Good morning. Can you guys talk about how you think deposits will be priced down? I guess the first kind of call it two or three thread cuts versus a more sustained reduction.

Yeah, sure, I'll take that. I mean, I think what we're likely to see under the first couple of cuts, we're modeling out approximately 20% to 30% down betas in those first couple of cuts. The way the forwards have it playing out overall, you know, the longer... The longer those cuts are in place, the more there's the opportunity to see rollovers of CDs, et cetera, and to lean in and price down. So the fact that we have, I think the forwards get down to around 4% by the end of 25 and may start to get into the 350 range in terms of our outlook when you get out into 26 and beyond. Through that full tightening cycle, we think that the full round trip could approach, the down betas could approach where our up betas were. Our up beta is around 51%. I think the down beta could get up to that level over the full cycle, but it'll be 20 to 30 for the first couple.

Okay. And then thoughts on does the public growth pick up a bit for, I guess, the industry? And you've got some specific initiatives, obviously, but Do you see some pickup in kind of broader deposit trends as well with some Fed cuts?

Yeah. I mean, I think broadly we believe we're going to have deposit growth in the second half contributing from all three of our businesses. So two Qs a seasonly down quarter, we saw that, and we're expecting that plus all of our initiatives that we have in place are going to contribute to deposit growth in the second half. We've got that one cut in September, and our outlook, that'll be helpful. I don't think that it's absolutely necessary to have that cut in order to continue to have deposit growth, but certainly it would be helpful to get that deposit growth to stop the migration aspects and the mix ships that the industry's been seeing. And then, you know, as you broaden that out, when we have overall deposit growth and average deposits are higher, that'll be consistent with a very positive funding mix because wholesale funding can be lower in terms of funding the balance sheet, and that's a tailwind for NII and NIM into the second half as well.

Yeah, I would just add some color there. You know, the uptick in private bank deposits in the quarter was $1.6 billion, and so that's You can see that we're really got a cadence and a rhythm in terms of kind of growing the book there in the private bank and bringing in the customer base. So we would expect to have, again, something that most other banks don't have to drive deposit growth in having that unique business opportunity. And then there's generally some seasonality that's favorable in the consumer business and the commercial business. I think the outlook for deposits growth in the second half is pretty sound.

The one point I would add on the consumer side is that we've had a number of years in a row where we've outperformed on a relative basis on DDA, low-cost deposits, and with benchmarking that we see, So far this year, we believe we're number one in the peer set and consumer for relative DDA performance, and we see that continuing. So we think the trends have stabilized. So much of our deposit strategy is grounded in the health of our DDA base, and we expect whatever the market throws us that we'll continue to outperform peers. We've been doing that for a long time now, and certainly this year has been a real strength.

Okay, thank you.

Okay, I think that's it for the queue. Thank you everybody for dialing in today. We certainly appreciate your interest and your support. Have a great day.

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