CNO Financial Group, Inc.

Good morning all. Welcome to the CNO Group financial second quarter 2024 earnings call. During the conference, if you have any questions, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. And if you'd like to remove yourself from that line of questioning, please press star followed by two. My name is Carly and I'll be coordinating the call today. I'd now like to hand over to Adam Orville to begin.

Good morning, and thank you for joining us on C&O Financial Group's second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. Today's presentation will include remarks from Gary Bajwani, Chief Executive Officer, and Paul McDonough, Chief Financial Officer. Following the presentation, we will also have other business leaders available for the question and answer period. During this conference call, we will be referring to information contained in yesterday's press release. You can obtain the release by visiting the media section of our website at cnoinc.com. This morning's presentation is also available in the Investors section of our website and was filed in a Form 8K yesterday. We expect to file our Form 10Q and post it on our website on or before August 7th. Let me remind you that any forward-looking statements we make today are subject to a number of factors which may cause actual results to be materially different than those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Today's presentation contains a number of non-GAAP measures, which should not be considered as substitutes for the most directly comparable GAAP measures. You'll find a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the corresponding GAAP measures in the appendix. Throughout the presentations, we'll be making performance comparisons, and unless otherwise specified, any comparisons made will refer to changes between second quarter 2024 and second quarter 2023. With that, I'll turn the call over to Gary.

Thanks, Adam. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. C&O delivered excellent financial and operating performance in the quarter. Operating earnings per diluted share were $1.05, up 94%. Our strong results were broad-based across earnings, production, and capital. Our momentum over the past several quarters is establishing a baseline of consistent and repeatable results. we are seeing the green shoots of our strong sales growth beginning to translate into earnings growth. On a consolidated basis, we posted our eighth consecutive quarter of sales production growth and our sixth consecutive quarter of growth in producing agent counts. Total new annualized premium was up 4% across the enterprise. Earnings benefited from favorable insurance product margin and strong investment results reflecting growth in the business and continued expansion of the portfolio book yield. Our new money rate exceeded 6% for a sixth consecutive quarter. Capital and liquidity remain well above target levels after returning $77 million shareholder. Book value for diluted share excluding AOCI was $36, up 11%. Each component of our business is delivering top performance as demonstrated by sales momentum in both consumer and worksite, a growing distribution force, continued solid and sustainable earnings, our excellent capital position, and raising full-year guidance on earnings and cash flow. Turning to slide five. As a reminder, last quarter we introduced an expanded growth scorecard to sharpen focus on the three key drivers of our performance, production, distribution, and investments in capital. We are pleased that all of our growth scorecard metrics are up in the quarter. I'll discuss each division in the next two slides. Paul will cover investments in capital in more detail during his remarks. Beginning with the consumer division on slide six, sales momentum continued for a seventh consecutive quarter. Solid execution and sustainable sales growth continue to drive the division's strong financial performance. Our differentiated capabilities that marry a virtual connection with our established in-person agent force to complete the critical last mile of sales and delivery service continue to be well received by our target customers. Total NAP was up 2%. NAP from field sales was up 8%. Health NAP was up 18% driven by continued momentum with new and enhanced products. Our Medicare portfolio continues to deliver strong sales growth. Medicare Supplement NAP was up 16% and Medicare Advantage sales were up 78%. As a reminder, Medicare Advantage fees and sales are not reflected in that. As we have often shared, by offering both Medicare Supplements and Medicare Advantage products, we provide more coverage options for customers. The balance and diversification of our Medicare portfolio is an important part of how we serve the middle income market. With nearly 11,000 people turning 65 every day in the United States, Medicare distribution is a year-round business for us. As consumers age into Medicare, they value trust and seek guidance to help make an informed decision about how they receive their benefits. Our thousands of dedicated field agents who can make an in-person visit to nearly every county in the United States are uniquely positioned to serve this market. Long-term CareNAP was up 88% on the continued strength of our Long-Term Care Fundamentals Plus product that we launched last year. The strong response for this product underscored the growing demand from our clients for practical long-term care solutions. Our LTC products are designed for the middle market consumer. 99% of the policies have benefit periods of two years or less, and more than 90% have benefit periods of one year or less. These plans cover essential costs for one to two years and offer a balanced affordable approach to funding care. Life production was down in the quarter, driven by lower spend on direct-to-consumer marketing. As we shared last quarter, we managed our D2C business based on advertising efficiency. In the second quarter, we reduced our television marketing spend in response to higher lead This stemmed from increased competition for television media space, which tends to spike during presidential election cycles. Meanwhile, we continue to grow our non-television direct response channels, such as web and digital, which were up 4% in the quarter and now account for approximately one quarter of our D2C live sales. Annuity collected premiums were up 9% and account values were up 5%. Our strong annuity performance was driven by a higher premium per policy, which was up 9%. We continue to experience stability in our block, which benefits from our captive distribution and the long-term relationship that our agents build with customers. Client assets in brokerage and advisory were up 24% for the quarter to a record $3.6 billion. New accounts were up 9%. This is now our fifth consecutive quarter of brokerage and advisory growth. When combined with our annuity account values, our clients now entrust us with more than $15 billion of their assets. Recruiting continues to be favorable and reflects our eighth consecutive quarter of year-over-year gains, producing agent count with up 3%, our sixth consecutive quarter of growth. Next. Slide seven and our worksite division performance. We posted our second highest quarter ever for life and health map with sales up 18%. For eight of the last nine quarters, worksite insurance sales have delivered at least 15% growth. We are very pleased with how our worksite insurance offerings are delivering sustained growth for our business and value for our clients. Fee sales were up 24%. As a reminder, this metric reflects the annual contract value of benefit services sold in the quarter and is a leading indicator of fee revenue growth. Our benefit services strategy remains a priority for 2024 and beyond. Producing agent count was up 25%, our ninth consecutive quarter of growth. First year producing agent count was up 33%. We continue to see solid agent retention across all cohorts and healthy productivity levels. New products and strategic initiatives continue to deliver sales growth for Worksite in the quarter. I'll briefly highlight three programs that are generating meaningful results. First, the new products that we introduced last year are driving sales growth. Accident insurance sales were up 27% and critical illness sales were up 16%. Second, our geographic expansion initiative accounted for 32% of our total sales growth in the quarter, the third consecutive quarter of meaningful contribution from this program. This initiative targets areas where we've identified strategic opportunities to grow our market share and footprint. Finally, in 2023, we launched an initiative to help agents cultivate and acquire new employer groups for insurance sales. We're experiencing strong momentum from this program alongside continued growth from resurfacing existing clients. New employer groups were up 8% as compared to the same period last year, and NAP from new group clients was up 90%. And with that, I'll turn it over to Paul.

Thanks, Gary, and good morning, everyone. Turning to the financial highlights on slide eight, it was really an exceptional quarter across the board. Net operating income up 84% in whole dollars, 94% on a per share basis, driven by improved product margins and investment returns, coupled with better operating leverage and fewer shares outstanding. The expense ratio is 19.31%, on a trailing 12-month basis, down 31 basis points versus the prior year period. Free cash flow generation was strong. Holdco liquidity benefited from the $700 million debt offering in May. We deployed $60 million of excess capital on share repurchases in the quarter, contributing to a 6% reduction in weighted average diluted shares outstanding year over year. On a trailing 12-month basis through June 30, operating return on equity was 11.2% as reported and 10% ex-significant items. Turning to slide nine, insurance product margin was very strong in the quarter, up 23%, reflecting sustained growth in the business and favorable experience, resulting in margin growth across all three product categories. Fixed indexed annuity margins benefited from improved yield and growth in the block. The improved yield was driven by portfolio optimization trades in the quarter where we selectively sold certain lower yielding securities and reinvested in higher yielding securities. Other annuity margins benefited from reserve releases due to higher mortality on larger closed block policies. Long-term care margins reflect favorable claims experience in the current period as compared to unfavorable claims experience in the prior period. Finally, traditional life margins benefited from growth in the block and lower advertising expense. Turning to slide 10, net investment income results were strong in the quarter. The new money rate was 6.41%, the sixth consecutive quarter above 6%. The average yield on allocated investments was 4.81%, up 16 basis points year over year. The larger than trend increase was due to the portfolio optimization trades that I mentioned earlier. The increase in yield along with growth in the business drove a 6% increase in net investment income allocated to products for the quarter. Investment income not allocated to products was up 60%, with alternative investment results slightly below expectations, but much improved from recent quarters. We completed a $750 million three-year FABN offering in the quarter, increasing the spread income we earn on the program. Total investment income was up 12%. Our new investments in the quarter comprised approximately $840 million of assets, with an average rating of single A and an average duration of seven years. Our new investments are summarized in more detail on slides 20 and 21 of the presentation. Turning to slide 11, the market value of invested assets grew 5% in the quarter. Approximately 97% of our fixed maturity portfolio at quarter end was investment grade rated with an average rating of single A, reflecting our up in quality bias over the last several years. Our commercial real estate portfolio continues to perform within expectations, reflecting conservative underwriting and proactive management. We've again included some summary metrics in slides 22 and 23 of the presentation. Turning to slide 12, our capital position remains strong. At quarter end, our consolidated RBC ratio is 394%. Available hold co-liquidity was $429 million at quarter end, benefiting from this quarter's debt issuance and net of $500 million that will be used to pay down the senior notes that mature in May of next year. Leverage at quarter end was 32% as reported, adjusting for the senior notes that will be paid off at maturity in May of next year. Leverage at quarter end was 25.5%. up from 22.9% at March 31, and just inside the low end of our target range. Turning to slide 13 and our 24 guidance. We are raising guidance on operating earnings per share to 330 to 350 for the full year, excluding significant items. This increase reflects the strong second quarter results, along with the modest improvement in outlook for the second half of the year. This also includes an expectation that alternative investments generate a return in line with the long-term run rate assumption of 9 to 10% for the remainder of the year, consistent with our initial guidance assumptions. As a component of this change, we're narrowing the expense ratio range to 19.0 to 19.2%. In addition, we are raising guidance on excess cash flow to the holding company to $200 to $250 million. This favorable adjustment is primarily driven by higher statutory earnings in the first half of the year and a refinement of expectations on capital consumption within the operating companies. Recall that the high end of the prior range assumes status quo in terms of the health of the economy and the risk profile of our investment portfolio. Both of those variables have remained fairly constant year to date and we expect will remain so through year end. We will continue to manage to a consolidated RBC ratio of 375% in our U.S.-based insurance companies and minimum holdco liquidity of $150 million over the long term, although we expect to end 2024 well above those target levels. No change to our target leverage of between 25% and 28%. Lastly, we have decided to change the timing of our annual actuarial review to the third quarter from the fourth quarter. This timing aligns better with our annual planning process and is more in line with the industry standard. And with that, I'll turn it back over to Gary.

Thanks, Paul. We delivered excellent financial performance in the quarter across the board. and the green shoots of eight consecutive quarters of strong sales momentum are beginning to translate into earnings growth. C&O remains well positioned with the right products and unique distribution capabilities to serve the middle income market. Our capital position, our liquidity, and our cash flow generating power of the company remain robust. We are establishing a baseline of consistent and repeatable results, and we expect to build on this foundation as we look to the second half of the year. We thank you for your support of and interest in C&O Financial Group. We will now open it up to questions. Operator?

Thank you. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. And if you'd like to remove yourself from that line of questioning, please press star followed by two. Our first question comes from John Barnage of Piper Sandlin. John, your line is now open.

Good morning. Thank you for the opportunity. It sounds like the increase in the EPS guide in cash flow is mainly coming from better than expected earnings performance in the first half of the year. So there's certain items that maybe flattered Q2's earnings were above expectations that you think could continue into the second half of the year. Thank you.

Paul, you might still be on mute.

Sorry about that. Hey, John, it's Paul. Yeah, there are two things that help drive the really strong second quarter results that could certainly continue into the second half. And they include number one, the portfolio yield, which is benefiting from the higher new money rates, you know, above 6% now for six consecutive quarters. enhanced a bit in the second quarter by the portfolio optimization trade that we talked about. So I don't expect that that will change in the second half. I think rates generally will remain high. There certainly may be one, maybe two Fed cuts, but still, as compared to the current portfolio yield, still a bit of a tailwind. We may do a bit more of the portfolio optimization trade, so I think that that, you know, should benefit the second half to some degree. The second thing is claims experience, and obviously that can go either way, plus or minus, and that's, you know, one of the reasons for the range around a point estimate of EPS. So I'd leave it at that, John.

Thank you very much. A quarter ago, you loosely talked about getting your ROEs to peer levels and talked about it being around 11% to 14% per peer level. How do you define the time frame to get there? Thank you very much.

Hey, John. So we're not putting a precise time range on that. But I would say that it's not something that we're planning to do in the future and haven't already sort of begun. We are very focused on it, as we've mentioned over the last couple of quarters. There are a number of initiatives that are already underway that will enhance ROE over the long term. I'd say if you look at the ROE on a trailing 12-month basis through June 30 at 10% like significant items, which reflects a strong second half of last year and a strong first half of this year. So arguably, perhaps at the high end of a range of what you might estimate as current run rate, but clearly reflects an improvement, a favorable trend in run rate ROE over the last couple of years. And that's something that we remain committed to and in the long run without putting a specific timeframe on it with a goal of, you know, getting more in line with the industry peer group.

Yeah, John, I'd like to just supplement Paul's comments. And I want you to, I'd like you to take away two things from my comments. and Paul touched on this, I want you to know that we remain very focused on it. You're correct that we've been talking about it for a few quarters. And I want to just remind all of you a little bit of historical context there. We had some work to do several years ago to kind of turn the organization around, clean up the balance sheet. The mandate then was to begin growing the business, which we did. Unfortunately, COVID intervened for us and everybody else. Now that the growth engine has FIRED BACK UP AGAIN AND WE'RE PAST COVID, NOW WE NEED TO OPTIMIZE THE RESULTS. AND SO WE'RE VERY COMMITTED TO THAT. THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE'RE FOCUSED ON. AND THE SECOND THING THAT I WOULD WANT YOU TO KNOW IS THAT WE'RE PLEASED WITH THE PROGRESS, BUT NOWHERE NEAR SATISFIED WITH THE RESULTS. WE BELIEVE WE CAN CONTINUE TO DRIVE THIS ROE UPWARDS. WE'VE GOT LINE OF SIGHT ON IT. WE'VE GOT A NUMBER OF ACTION PLANS THAT WE'RE WORKING ON. WE'RE NOT YET IN A PLACE WHERE WE WANT TO MAKE SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS TO THOSE NUMBERS. but I can assure you we are nowhere near satisfied, and we've got line of sight how to continue to drive it.

Thanks for the answers.

Our next question comes from Ryan Kruger of Stifel. Ryan, your line is now open.

Hey, good morning. Thanks. Good morning. First question was on... I guess just on the free cash flow guidance, to what extent was that, was the increase driven by your first half result being better than expected versus, you know, another refinement of your cash flow expectations on an ongoing basis?

Hey, Ryan, it's Paul. So the way that I'm thinking about it is sort of two major sort of dynamics. Number one, you'll recall that... when we initially provided the guidance of 140 to 200, we indicated that the high end of that range was assuming status quo in the economy, meaning that we didn't expect that if the economy stayed healthy, that we wouldn't be consuming capital as a result of, you know, if the economy were to erode, That would have consumed capital through adverse credit migration, higher capital charges. That hasn't happened. So that kind of moves us to the high end of the range. And then the other component that sort of associated with the high end of the range was that we would be status quo in terms of the risk profile of the portfolio, meaning that we wouldn't pivot to higher risk in the portfolio, which would consume capital and drag it to the lower end of the range. So both of those things have been fairly constant, which means that through June, we're sort of tethered to the high end of the range in the context of those two things. We expect that will remain so. So that kind of drives the new low end of the range at 200. And then the high end of the range is primarily driven by the very strong first half results, primarily in the second quarter, with some expectation of some modest continuation of favorable trends in the second half.

Great. Thank you. And then can you give any more color on just what you're seeing on claim trends within long-term care? You've had pretty favorable results for a few quarters now.

We have, and I'd say that the margin in long-term care reflects growth of the business, number one, and then also favorable claims experience, including in our older cohort that has a net to gross premium ratio capped at 100, so uncapped greater than 100, which causes favorable experience to flow directly through margin in the period, as opposed to being somewhat muted in the context of LDTI. Um, just the question is, does that continue? And, you know, as I, as I said earlier, in response to John's question, um, it certainly could, you know, we're not seeing anything in the current quarter that, uh, would suggest otherwise. Um, but it's, you know, it's claims experience and that's gonna bump bump around, uh, you know, plus or minus. And so there's certainly the potential, uh, that we experience, um, less favorable claims experience in some future quarter.

Great, thank you. Thank you very much. Our next question comes from Wes Carmichael of Autonomous. Wes, your line is now open.

Hey, good morning. On your RAISE guidance around the excess cash flows to the holdco, should we think about higher level of cash flows going towards buybacks in 2024? Maybe how should we think about you managing down the holdco cash balance versus your minimum $150 million target over time?

Hey, Wes, it's Paul. So I'd say at a very high level, there's no change to how we think about deploying excess capital. We'll continue to be disciplined and fairly measured in terms of what we do in any individual quarter. Having said that, in the wake of the debt offering in May where we issued 200 million more than the 500 million that's maturing and generating sort of a slug of excess capital. There's certainly the opportunity to accelerate the pace a bit over the next few quarters of share repurchases, and that funded a portion of the share repurchase in 2Q.

That's helpful, Paul. And maybe just on the surrender activity and annuities, I think overall surrenders ticked down a little bit versus the first quarter. driven by the fixed interest annuities. But can you maybe talk about the trends you saw in the quarter and if you kind of expect surrenders to moderate going forward or not?

Yeah, surrenders, just focusing on fixed indexed annuities, surrenders are certainly higher now than they were a year ago. They do seem to have stabilized at current levels. And the current level is within our range of expectation in the current rate environment. And in that environment, we continue to grow the book. And the current interest rate environment has also driven higher yields on the portfolio, which has contributed to slightly better spreads. So I'd say that the book remains very healthy and profitable and attractive from a risk return perspective.

Thank you very much. Our next question comes from Scott G. Hermack of RPC. Scott, your line is now open.

Yeah. Good morning. Thanks. You've onboarded a lot of new agents over the past couple years. I think you said six or eight quarters in a row of agency account growth. Do you expect that to continue in the back half of the year into 2025? There's clearly a lot of interest. The recruiting is up nicely. Any thoughts there as well as can you comment on just the productivity of some of the new agents that you have hired in the past two years as you've kind of ramped that up?

Yeah, Scott, thanks for the question. This is Gary. So first of all, just to state the obvious, We've had several quarters of very strong growth in both consumer and worksite. And of course, the comparables will get tougher. There's no question about that. As that population grows, it'll be harder to keep maintaining that percentage of growth. All that said, yes, I believe we can continue to grow our agent counts. But more importantly, we will continue to grow the productivity of those agents. We've talked about this for several quarters. where we're much more focused on the productivity than the raw account. And that's really what I keep an eye on the most. And I think we can continue to grow that. That happens because of a combination of products, services, and tying in different parts of the business. As an example, we've talked frequently about how we have our direct-to-consumer business really support our field agent side of the business. So we feel very good about that on the consumer side, as one example. And then on the work site side, if you think about the geographic expansion and the new products we've launched there, those should also continue to help drive productivity. So just to summarize, the comps will get tougher. It will be harder for us to grow the agent counts in the same percentages, but we believe we will continue to grow them. More importantly, we will continue to drive productivity. That's where the real magic will come in over the long-term environment, and that's what we're focused on.

Okay, great. And just any update on the Bermuda captive now that you have it up and running? Is that kind of running in line with the expectations? Anything to comment on there?

Hey, Scott, it's Paul. Definitely running in line with expectations. We've made a lot of progress building out the infrastructure on island to support that treaty that we executed back in November of last year.

uh both the enforce and and the new business uh effective 10-1 um yeah so going as expected uh you know we certainly have a commitment to that business and expect to grow it over time okay and just my final question is i know we've talked a lot about buybacks is is there any thought to increasing the quarterly dividend by a greater amount at some point in the future or is buyback still going to kind of be

top priority consistent with what you've done over the past few years so scott uh you know the dividend level is is something we look at every quarter uh certainly but something we look at uh you know sort of more in earnest once a year in terms of any change to the level um and as you know our practice has been to raise it by a penny per share um in the uh in the second quarter um I don't want to front run that, but the current yield is pretty much in line with the peer group or the current dividend is in line from a yield perspective, makes sense from a payout perspective. So I wouldn't anticipate deviation from what our practice has been. Share repurchases are assuming your dividend policy makes sense, which I think our current policy does. I think shared repurchases are more efficient on the margin as a form of deploying excess capital. Great.

Thanks for all the answers.

As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. And to remove yourself from the line of questioning, please press star followed by two. Our next question comes from Wilk. Wilmer Verlis of Raymond James. Wilmer, your line is now open.

Hey, good morning. Could you talk about what drove alt returns closer to the run rate into Q24, and should we expect that trend to continue? Thanks.

Yeah, this is Eric Johnson. I'd be happy to. Paul, if you don't mind, I'll be happy to jump in here. Okay. You know, I think there were three basic factors there. One, real estate valuations were a little more stable during the period, perhaps with some relationship to anticipated changes in interest rates. Second, I think the value of kind of the private credit carry emerged during the period and reflected the underlying earnings stream from that allocation. And then thirdly, some re-ventaging we've been doing over the last several quarters, which is beginning to pay off in terms of or earning streams from more current vintages. And so I think this is an area where, as you used Gary's term of green shoots, seeing some green shoots from some of the things we've been doing, and I hope they will continue to grow and meet expectations that Paul described earlier. I believe that will be the case as we get into later this year and early next year.

Thank you. And could you talk a little bit about what drove the reserve release and other annuities? And, you know, is that something that we could see any more activity there or not? Thanks.

Hey, Wilma. It's Paul. So other annuities is a relatively small block of payout annuities that's in runoff. And as we've described occasionally in the past when we see TAB, Mark McIntyre, Some volatility in this in this from this block and it's almost all always all to the plus side and it's driven by you know. TAB, Mark McIntyre, What are typically a handful of of deaths of the new attempts, which causes the reserve release and in this quarter, we had you know five. TAB, Mark McIntyre, Literally five kind of on one hand deaths that the drove the very significant increase in margin in the quarter. We'll continue to have some volatility from this block for these reasons. I think it's very unlikely that we have another quarter that's this favorable. But that's the dynamic that's driving it.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question today comes from the line of Sunit Kamath from Jefferies. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Yeah, thanks. So I think we hit on most of the margin improvement across the lines, but I think, too, that maybe we haven't hit on that are a little smaller but still improved or meds up and traditional life. So can you just unpack some of the drivers of the margin benefits there?

Sure. Hey, Sunit. It's Paul. So at a very high level, it's just growth from the block and generally favorable experience. In trad life, it's also the lower advertising expense that flows through margin. So that's really it at a high level.

Got it. And then I guess for Gary, I think on past calls, you've sort of talked about your annuity businesses being different from others in the sense that you don't have a lot of churn in your book. But you actually put up some pretty good growth. So I was just curious if you had any color on where that growth is coming from. In other words, what's funding it? Is it retirement accounts like rollovers from 401k or movement from money market funds? Just curious where it's coming from and kind of how you think the outlook, what do you think the outlook looks like going forward? Thanks.

I'll start with the last half of that question. We believe the outlook is very strong. There's 11,000 people retiring every day in the United States. As you know, the vast majority of people don't have a pension anymore. They need some kind of a floor that's going to provide guaranteed income. And in particular, with our middle income clients, there are very few alternatives for them that can give them a guaranteed source of income. So we believe that the future is incredibly bright. I don't have the data in front of me to tell you how much of it came from rollovers or what have you. I do know that generally speaking, we're less likely to get money from rollovers and so on than some of the other annuity writers out there, primarily because we serve a different market. We did see an increase, I believe we saw an increase of roughly 9% in premium per annuity this past quarter. So some of it was driven just by selling larger annuities. But still, relative to the average annuity writer out there, our annuities are quite a bit smaller. and generally come from folks that are in or approaching retirement. And so therefore, the funds usually, not always, but usually come from 401ks or other savings such as that. And we expect that to continue. And we think, you know, we're going to have up quarters, down quarters, so on and so forth. But in general, if you look at the long-term trajectory of this business, we're very bullish on it. We think this is something our client base needs, and we believe we provide a really good value.

If I could just sneak in one quick follow-up on that. So obviously higher rates helps this business. I'm just curious, like at what point, like where would rates have to go before all of a sudden this growth opportunity or growth outlook that you're seeing, you know, starts to fall off a bit?

The business is, of course, impacted by interest rates in terms of what else is out there, right? So a consumer, when they're making a decision, they'll look at where else they can put their money. But even if they could get a comparable rate, say in a CD or something of this sort, it doesn't change the fact that those other products don't provide guaranteed income for life and really protect them against the risk of outliving their assets. So for that reason, I think that even if interest rates continue to go up, this growth would remain solid. And remember, we adjust our products and the participation rate and so on depending on what's going on in the market. But we don't follow it step for step, but we do adjust the benefit levels and participation rates and so on in the annuities. So I don't know that I would say that there's a tipping point per se or there's a set number beyond which we couldn't go and continue to grow. I just don't see it working that way because of the need of the client base.

Makes sense. Thanks, Gary.

There are no further questions waiting at this time, so I'd like to pass the call back over to Adam Orville.

Thank you, operator, and thank you all for participating in today's call. Please reach out to the investor relations team if you have any further questions. Have a great rest of your day. Goodbye.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.