Deutsche Bank AG

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. I'm Francie, your chorus call operator. Welcome and thank you for joining the Deutsche Bank Q4 2022 Analyst Conference Call. Throughout today's recorded presentation, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. The presentation will follow with our question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, you may press star followed by one. Press the star key followed by zero for operator assistance. It's my pleasure, and I would now like to turn the conference over to Iona Patrinche, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter and full year 2022 preliminary results call. This quarter, we will start with our Chief Executive Officer, Christian Saving, followed by our Chief Risk Officer, Olivier Vigneron, and then our Chief Financial Officer, James Von Malka. The presentation, as always, is available to download in the investor relations section of our website, db.com. Before we get started, let me just remind you that the presentation contains forward-looking statements, which may not develop as we currently expect. We therefore ask you to take notice of the precautionary warnings at the end of our materials. With that, let me hand over to Christian.

Thank you, Your Honor, and welcome from me, too. Today marks a very significant milestone for us. Three and a half years ago, in July 2019, we came together with you to discuss our plans for a fundamental transformation of Deutsche Bank. And we set ourselves some key financial goals for the end of 2022. Today, we would like to talk you through what we have achieved despite facing significant challenges from a pandemic and the war in Ukraine. We would also like to highlight how Deutsche Bank today is a fundamentally different bank, positioning us for further sustainable growth. Let's start with the five decisive actions we took as we launched our transformation strategy in 2019 on slide one. Firstly, we created four client-centric divisions. which have delivered stable growth as promised. In 2022, these four businesses contributed to our best profits for 15 years. These divisions complement each other and provide well-diversified earning streams. We are now a better balanced bank. We are particularly pleased that the corporate and private banks together more than doubled their contribution since 2018, contributing just over 70% of the group's pre-tax profits in 2022. Secondly, we exited businesses and activities which were not core to our strategy. We exited equities trading, transferred our global prime finance business, refocused our rates business, and downsized or disposed of other non-strategic activities. Our capital release unit reduced leverage exposure from non-strategic activities by 91% and risk-weighted assets by 83%, excluding RWAs from operational risk. This has enabled us to redeploy capital into our core businesses. Thirdly, we cut costs. Compared to the pre-transformation level of 2018, we reduced our cost-income ratio by 18 percentage points. We achieved this while absorbing more than 8 billion euros of transformation-related effects and facing an inflation rate we have not seen for decades. Fourthly, we committed to and invested in controls and technology to support growth. We also signed state-of-the-art agreements with Google Cloud and other partners. Our focus on technology has allowed us to grow revenues through closer interface with clients, reduce costs by removing complexity in our technology, and improve our control environment. Finally, we managed and freed up capital, as promised. We kept our CET1 ratio above our target minimum of 12.5% through all 14 quarters of transformation and finished the year at 13.4%. This was despite an impact of around 170 basis points from regulatory changes, 100 basis points from transformation-related impacts, and of course, supporting the growth of our business. The capital release unit played an important role here too, contributing around 45 basis points on a net basis to our CET1 ratio. All of this progress since 2018 has enabled us to start return capital to our shareholders through both share repurchases and dividends. We plan to propose a dividend of 30 cents per share in respect of 2022 and we reaffirm our commitments for 2025. Most importantly, pride returned to the organization, which in turn supports our positive momentum. Commitment and enablement scores materially improved over the last three years. This positive atmosphere will of course help to further shape the future of our bank and even accelerate our momentum. Let me now turn to our performance in 2022 on slide two. These five decisive actions and the renewed belief and pride of our people have positioned us to build and maintain a trajectory of sustainable growth, and this is reflected in our 2022 results. Revenues are above 27 billion euros, well ahead of what we had planned in 2019, despite the business exits I mentioned. All four core businesses produced positive operating leverage compared to their pre-transformation levels. In 2022, our reported return on tangible equity was above 9%, including a deferred tax asset valuation adjustment James will outline in more detail. In terms of profitability, We delivered our highest profit since 2007 at 5.6 billion euros before tax. Our cost income ratio is 75% and significantly below the pre-transformation level of 93 in 2018. Pre-provision profit for the group was nearly 7 billion euros in 2022 and diluted earnings per share were 2 euros 37 cents. Deutsche Bank has proved its resilience during the challenging environment over the past few years. We have maintained disciplined risk management and a strong balance sheet, as Olivier will discuss in a moment, and we maintained robust capital and leverage ratios. Germany's provision of support to households and industry during times of stress is another testament to the strength of operating in the German economy as our home market. Let's now discuss the key aspects of our transformation in more detail, starting with revenues on slide three. In 2019, we refocused our business and looked to grow. Our core bank and our efforts have clearly paid off. 2022 revenues were over 27 billion euros, 7% higher than pre-transformation levels and well ahead of our original aspiration thanks to growth across all our core businesses. This more than offset the foregone revenues from business exits as the core businesses outperformed their targets for revenue growth. So as a result, We are now not only operating a more focused bank, but also a more productive one. Revenues per employee are now 16% higher than pre-transformation levels. Turning now to our costs on slide four. Our cost income ratio in 2022 was 75%, an improvement of 18 percentage points compared to pre-transformation levels at the high end of our guidance. We significantly reduced costs and generated annual run rate savings of more than 3 billion euros from our transformation. Our focused restructuring efforts more than offset investments in our franchise and investments in technology and controls, which I will discuss in a moment. As a result, profit growth has been driven by significant operating leverage. But we know we also need to continue to focus on generating further operational efficiency. In addition to the 2 billion euros of efficiency measures we announced in March 2022, which James will provide an update on later, we will focus our efforts on generating further incremental cost savings. These additional measures will relentlessly focus on a more efficient workforce structure, including but not limited to reviews of layers, cost per seat, and location. We will also streamline our non-client facing divisional functions and infrastructure teams. And of course, this also means a continuation of a very disciplined and agile management of our total headcount numbers. Furthermore, we will also take advantage of further automation opportunities for our front-to-back experience, leveraging technology to augment client service processes in the corporate and private banks. Over the last three years, we have successfully developed internal tools which, together with external benchmarking, give us the support and transparency to drive these incremental cost savings. We are pleased with the progress we have made to date with the drivers of the 2 billion euros of efficiency measures, and hence we are confident we can deliver these additional items. Let me now go through the diversification of our businesses on slide five. The core bank produced pre-provision profits of nearly 8 billion euros in 2022, more than double pre-transformation levels and diversification has been a key contributor. The corporate and private banks together contributed about 5 billion euros, more than 60% of the core bank total. With four strong businesses, we have delivered resilient financial performance through a very unpredictable economic environment and volatile financial markets. This enabled the core bank to deliver return on tangible equity of 11.3% in 2022. Let me now turn to the performance of these business in more detail on slide six. All four core businesses have significantly improved profitability through the transformation period on all key metrics, revenue growth, cost income ratio improvements, and higher returns. The corporate bank delivered its best ever profit before tax of over 2 billion euros in 2022 with a cost income ratio of 62% and return on tangible equity of 12%. The business leveraged our global network and capabilities to build out its franchise. Deposits are up by nearly 35 billion euros over pre-transformation levels, enabling us to take advantage of rising interest rates and loans are around 8 billion euros higher than in 2018. The investment bank has tripled its return on tangible equity and improved its cost-income ratio by more than 20 percentage points since 2018. The work undertaken within our FIG business since 2019 has led to significant revenue growth. While we appreciate this took place in supportive markets, Importantly, we have also been able to materially grow market share, supported by improved external ratings allowing clients to come back to the platform. The investment into our diversified platform will enable us to consolidate our current market position whilst continuing to identify target areas of further growth. In 2022, FIG revenues were nearly 9 billion euros, the highest for a decade and up around 60% over 2018. We have further strengthened our European bond franchise in the investment bank. We were number one by volume in European investment-grade bond issuance, and we saw our highest electronic market shares of EGBs for over 10 years, building on 2021, which was the previous high. Lower activity and volumes negatively impacted origination and advisory in 2022. but the business had areas of positive momentum, including regaining the number one position in German M&A. Private Bank has significantly improved both cost-income ratio and return on tangible equity, outperforming their targets and resulting in profit before tax of 2 billion euros, its highest ever. The business has adapted to the changing needs of clients automated processes, made progress on consolidating our IT platform in Germany and reduced branches by nearly 500 since 2018. Business volumes have grown by 130 billion euros over pre-transformation levels with new client loans of around 50 billion euros and assets under management up by about 80 billion euros since 2018. Asset management has seen its return on tangible equity rise to 17% since 2018, while improving its cost-income ratio by around 9 percentage points. The business has continued to invest in the future and demonstrated its resilience in tougher financial markets. Despite challenging markets in 2022, assets under management are now around 160 billion euros higher than at the end of 2018. Simply put, all four businesses have demonstrated positive momentum on all three dimensions, and this positions us well for the future. Again, supported by our improved ratings with all three leading rating agencies, we continue to see clients coming back to the platform. Combined with the continued expected interest rate tailwinds and the strength of our underlying franchise, we are confident that our strong performance will continue. Let me now turn to another of our key decisions in 2019, investing in technology and controls on slide seven. We committed to spending A cumulative 15 billion euros on technology and an additional 4 billion euros on our control environment as part of our transformation. The benefits of our delivery for clients, costs and controls have been substantial. Let me give you a few examples. We took advantage of cloud technology, both through strategic partnerships and our own efforts. We now have more than 200 apps in Google Cloud and have migrated over 1,000 databases to Oracle Private Cloud. We simplified our IT landscape by retiring apps, which helped deliver a reduction in annual spend of around a quarter of a billion euros per year. We have built a closer interface with FIG clients by automating our flow trading capabilities. We made progress in migrating contracts of postbank clients and related business volumes onto the Deutsche Bank IT platform. This migration is expected to be completely halfway through the year with planned run rate savings of around 300 million euros by 2025 in the private bank. We have reinforced our control functions increasing the number of dedicated professionals by more than a quarter. We continue to focus investments on our cybersecurity capabilities, and we have improved our processing capacity and improved quality assurance in KYC. Building a more sustainable Deutsche Bank was also part of our transformation agenda. We have made considerable progress, which we summarize on slide eight. We have rolled out a comprehensive sustainability strategy and installed a clear governance structure which establishes sustainability as a core part of the way we run Deutsche Bank. We set clear targets for business volumes in ESG financing and investment and made each business accountable for delivering on these targets. We have strengthened our controls further and have embedded sustainability criteria into senior executive compensation. Our businesses have outperformed against our original targets and this enabled us to accelerate the timeframe for delivery twice. From 2020 to 2022, we outperform our target of 200 billion euros in cumulative ESG financing and investment volumes with a total of 215 billion euros in our core businesses, excluding DWS. In last year's difficult market environment, we increased volumes by 58 billion euros. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we published Pathways to Net Zero for the most carbon-intensive sectors in our loan book, and we have created a Net Zero alignment forum in which business, risk, and the sustainability office manage our footprint accordingly. We look forward to providing you with an update and details of our future plans at our second sustainability deep dive on March 2nd this year. Before I hand over to Olivier, let me say a few words on the next phase of our strategy through to 2025 on slide nine. The progress we have made in transforming Deutsche Bank leaves us well positioned to deliver sustainable growth through 2025. When we set out our strategy in March last year, we outlined the key themes which underpin these goals and ambitions. And these themes have become even more important in the light of the geopolitical and macroeconomic upheavals of 2022. In an environment of macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty, We will leverage the more favorable interest rate environment, deploy our risk management expertise to support clients, and allocate capital to high return growth opportunities. With sustainability being so important, we will deepen our dialogue with and support for clients, expand our product range, and broaden our agenda for our own operations. And as technology continues to evolve, we will re-add further cost savings, accelerate our transition to a digital bank, and expand on our strategic partnerships, which are already creating significant value. Our platform is positioned to deliver sustainable growth and seize the opportunities of the evolving environment. Finally, a word on our 2025 targets on slide 10. We are confident we can build on the momentum we have generated in all our core businesses on all dimensions as we continue to transform the bank. And we reaffirm the financial goals we set out last March. Our target is the return on tangible equity of above 10% in 2025. The performance of our core bank in 2022 gives us confidence that this goal is very achievable. We reaffirm our target for compound annual revenue growth of between 3.5% and 4.5%, supported by the momentum we already have in our core businesses from a dynamic interest rate environment and the performance we have delivered in the divisions to date. With this revenue growth and the additional efficiency drivers I outlined, We also reaffirm our goal for a cost-income ratio of below 62.5% in 2025. For 2023, we remain focused on continuing to deliver positive operating leverage, and our strong performance in January supports this. We also confirm our capital objectives. We will build capital to support profitable growth and absorb future regulatory changes, and we continue to aim for a CT1 capital ratio of around 13%. We aim to achieve our capital distribution objectives through a combination of dividends and share repurchase in line with our previous guidance, aiming for a payout ratio of 50% from 2025 onwards. We outlined a clear dividend path, which we reaffirm today. We propose a dividend of 30 cents for the financial year 2022, but given the remaining uncertainties in the market environment, it is too early to comment on the exact amount and timing of share repurchase in this year. With that, let me hand over to Olivier.

Thank you, Christian. I am Olivier Vigneron, and as you know, I became Chief Risk Officer in May. I'm proud to say that I rejoined a bank with a strong and stable balance sheet but more importantly, a bank that is renowned for its disciplined risk management. This has enabled Deutsche Bank to withstand many challenging and uncertain environments in recent years and to demonstrate its resilience during times of stress. In my first month as CRO, I've been particularly pleased to experience a strong risk culture supported by a well-established risk appetite framework. In order to maintain this discipline going forward, we continue to invest in our people and risk management capabilities as well as controls and technology which support timely and proactive risk management. This enables us to manage risk dynamically within our RAS frameworks and most importantly within our risk appetite. We continuously monitor emerging risks, run downside analysis and stress tests, and operate a comprehensive limit framework across all risk types. In this way, we can respond proactively to changes in our operating environment, as you have seen us do in 2022 during the escalating war in Ukraine and the stress on European energy supplies. Despite challenges throughout the year, our risk management approach helped us maintain strong risk and balance sheet metrics. Our CET1 ratio was 30.4%, and our provision for credit losses was 25 basis points of average loans for 2022, in line with our guidance provided back in March. Our liquidity metrics have remained sound, and we managed to keep operational risk losses stable over the course of our transformation. Entering 2023 on this strong foundation positions us well to continue navigating through an evolving and uncertain risk environment. we relentlessly scan the operating landscape to identify and monitor risks that impact us and the wider banking sector, making sure we are proactive in our positioning for any emerging risks. On slide 13, you can see which themes we believe may influence the banking sector in 2023 and beyond. These range from geopolitical developments, volatility in financial markets, and a potentially deteriorating credit outlook to various other risks. We are able to manage these challenges because our risk framework provides us with multiple layers of protection, which we outline on slide 14. Our risk appetite is calibrated to capital adequacy and earning stability, with the key metrics of the bank cascaded down to individual businesses. We employ thousands of risk limits across country, industry, asset class, and individual clients, and across a variety of risk factors and markets. In addition, we manage credit and market risk limits dynamically and monitor liquidity daily on multiple dimensions. We also strictly control appetite for non-financial risks. Our non-financial risk monitoring has more than 1,200 controls that are mapped to different risk types and regularly assessed for their effectiveness. In October 2022, we introduced sector-specific targets to reduce the carbon intensity of our loan book. We mitigate risk through extensive use of credit enhancements via external hedging in addition to high-quality collateral and structural protection, such as selecting first lien positions. Our loan portfolio thus benefits from €39 billion in collateralized loan obligation and credit default swap hedges, as well as other risk mitigation through private risk insurance on certain portfolios. Our dynamic market risk hedging strategy has, again, proven highly effective in the volatile environment of 2022. Our rigorous stress testing approach takes into account a range of severities and is built around a number of historical and hypothetical scenarios. This enables us to identify and address potential vulnerabilities in our portfolios, including emerging risks, and supports assessment of non-financial risks. We benefit from well-established crisis management procedures robust non-financial risk management frameworks, and clear governance around our risk culture and conduct. We have established our internal framework for net zero targets, and we will continue to extend the scope of these in 2023. We continue to review the maturity of the bank's security framework and deploy a threat-driven approach to direct and adjust our investments in information security. Finally, our people are the critical success factor, embedding our strong risk culture throughout the organization. Let me now turn to our loan book on slide 15. Almost half of our 489 billion euro loan books is in Germany. We see this as an advantage as Germany is well positioned to withstand times of stress and volatility. It is Europe's most stable economy and has many multinational companies which have displayed great resilience in times of uncertainties in the past. And, according to the most recent consensus, Germany is not expected to see an energy supply squeeze in the remainder of this winter. Outside Germany, around 40% of the loan book is equally distributed across EMEA and North America, with the remainder largely in the APAC region. Looking at our business mix, almost 80% of our portfolio is in stable and mostly lower risk businesses in our private bank and corporate bank. The investment bank accounts for 21% of the book distributed across a variety of products and regional portfolios. Lastly, you can see how well diversified our loan book is. Household loans, which are mainly low-risk mortgages and, to a small extent, consumer finance, account for 44% of the portfolio. 24% of the loan book relates to financial and insurance activities, which span a variety of client segments, from exposures with top-tier banks to collateralized activities with funds. The remaining 158 billion euros, or 32% of the loan book, is split across multiple sectors and remains well diversified. All exposures are tightly managed based on our conservative underwriting standards. In the next slides, I will provide more detail on our confidence in the credit quality and resilience of selected key portfolios. Let me start with some additional detail on our German loan book of 235 billion euros on slide 16. Around three quarters of this book is within the private bank and nearly 90% thereof are low risk German retail mortgages. In the German mortgage market, clients typically lock in fixed rates for 10 or more years. So our portfolio comprises long-term fixed rate loans with a loan to value of 66% based on current market values. As a consequence, This portfolio is generally not at risk of being impacted by the rising rate environment and demonstrates good repayment discipline. We view German mortgages as low risk supported by high employment levels and low household indebtedness. However, in light of the current environment, we have adjusted input criteria for our decision engine to account for price levels of goods, energy and interest rates. We have seen stable default and recovery rates since 2019. Only 16 billion euros of the private bank German exposure relates to consumer finance, mainly personal loans, and we continue to see good repayment discipline, despite the more challenging environment. We do not operate a significant credit card financing business. Our corporate loan book of 63 billion euros in Germany consists mainly of trade finance and commercial lending. This exposure is also well diversified across a large number of clients, and the average exposure per client is around 260,000 euros. In line with our frameworks, we have limited concentration risk and the top 15 names account for only 6% of this portfolio. Credit quality is high with 71% of loans rated investment grade and the exposure is predominantly to multinational corporates. The portfolio is closely monitored and actively managed with threshold-based hedging and the use of collateral and guarantees for risk mitigation purposes. We have intensified the dialogue with clients in order to identify pockets of risk early and we continue to support clients with their needs. All in all, our strong and high-quality portfolio gives us comfort around our German exposures, supported by a resilient corporate backdrop and ongoing government actions. Despite the relatively low share of our loan book, our commercial real estate-focused portfolio and leveraged lending exposures remain in focus due to their vulnerability to rising interest rates and market volatility. as well as the ongoing impact of post-pandemic trends on selected CRE sub-portfolios. So, let me give you some additional colour on these categories on slide 17. The CRE focused portfolio of €33 billion, or 7% of our loan book, consists of non-recourse lending within the core CRE business units in the investment bank and the corporate bank. Our CRE lending activities are mainly firstly in mortgage secured and structured with moderate loan-to-values. The portfolio is well diversified across regions, with 51% in the US, 36% in Europe, and 13% in Asia. Loan originations are primarily focused on assets in liquid regional markets, such as top-tier gateway cities, and with high-quality institutional sponsors. The portfolio is well diversified by property type also, with the largest concentration in office, at 34%, while hospitality and retail account for only 12% and 10% respectively. While Office is facing headwinds and uncertainty from the adoption of hybrid working models, we benefit from good quality assets in primary markets, moderate LTVs and, again, strong sponsors. Weighted average LTV is around 61% in the investment bank, CRE portfolio, and 53% in the corporate bank. The latter portfolio has shown strong resilience with no credit losses through recent volatility, including the pandemic. Other real estate exposures, such as our recourse lending, are of a high quality and have seen low losses in the past. Stage 3 provision in Investment Bank's CRE portfolio increased in 2022 as market conditions deteriorated in the second half of the year. However, the increase in provisions was well within the business's earnings capacity. We expect the challenging market conditions to continue into 2023. And we continue to closely monitor loan performance with a focus on interim maturities. We are proactively working with our clients to find optimized refinancing solutions in order to reduce leverage in specific transactions. And we are also tightly managing our CRE underwriting pipeline and reduced our market risk limits in 2022. Our leverage lending portfolio of 4 billion euros represents just 1% of our total loan book. The portfolio is well diversified across industry sectors without any undue concentration risks, and the top 10 names account for only 11% of the portfolio on a gross notional basis. Around 79% of the exposure is in the form of first lien secured credit facilities, mostly of revolving nature. The remaining 21% is asset-based lending, which is almost entirely US-based and has a negligible loss history. In a more uncertain market environment in 2022, we actively curtailed our underwriting risk appetite and de-risked our underwriting pipeline. Overall, leveraged lending remains core to our franchise. We are entering 2023 well-positioned and with a significantly de-risked underwriting pipeline. While the macro outlook will weigh on the portfolio, we see limited refinancing pressure due to an overall low maturity profile in 2023. Now, moving to slide 18, I will take you through our management of market risk and non-financial risks. Market risk has been another focus area over a period of increased volatility throughout last year, and this is expected to persist in 2023. We have supported our clients in navigating through this volatile environment and will continue to do so. At the same time, we continue to manage exposures tightly and ensure we stay within our risk appetite. Risk-weighted assets associated with market risk have been at elevated levels throughout 2022, driven by an increase in market volatility that translated into higher value at risk, which for the fourth quarter rose to 47 million euros compared to 34 million euros in the prior clear quarter. To manage elevated volatility throughout the year, we have been proactive in containing and mitigating exposure in periods of stress. We did so during the first half of the year during the volatility caused by the war in Ukraine, and continue to support issuers and clients throughout the gilt market volatility in the third quarter. We actively manage balance sheet interest rate risk over this period of unprecedented rate rises in order to protect capital as well as managing the risks around our net interest income. Moving to non-financial risk exposure, we are satisfied with the progress we have made on risk remediation and have reduced the highest category risk by 47% since January 2021. In addition, We have made good progress in increasing the number of key controls assessed through our quality assurance process. This improves robustness and transparency of our risk and control assessment, which is a cornerstone of our non-French risk management framework. At the same time, we remain proactive in the identification and mitigation of potential threats and control vulnerabilities. We regularly conduct scenarios analysis and deep dives that help us understand potential risk exposures. We continue to review the maturity of the bank security framework and deploy a threat-driven approach to direct and adjust our investments in information security. Finally, let me turn to provision for credit losses on slide 19. We have a very good track record when it comes to our guidance for provisions for credit losses, even through volatile and unpredictable environments. This is due to our robust lending and underwriting, our active portfolio monitoring and provisioning process, reflecting the true risk we anticipate. We have outperformed our peers over a five-year average period, which reflects our asset quality, but also risk management that keeps our risk profile less procyclical and more stable. And even though 2022 was characterized by a high level of uncertainty, we again delivered provision for credit losses in line with our guidance, without any reliance on excessive overlays. In June, we introduced a downside scenario which implied an additional 20 basis points over an 18-month period in case of a severe gas supply disruption in Europe. This scenario did not materialize. Gas supply remained stable and storage levels high as gas from Russia was substituted through other sources and the winter was milder than expected. For 2023, we initially expected provision for credit losses to be in the range of 25 to 30 basis points of average loans, reflecting persistent macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties. Unlike 2022, we expect provision for this year to be driven by single name losses rather than deterioration of macroeconomic forward-looking indicators. As such, and given the recent improvement in the global macroeconomic outlook, we now foresee provision at the low end of this range. With that, let me make a few closing remarks on slide 20. We have again navigated well through another year of significant market volatility. Our discipline risk management provided a strong foundation which allowed us to be proactive in identifying, monitoring, and managing risks. We have a conservative risk profile and a well-diversified loan book across clients, regions, products, and businesses. Our strategic positioning benefits us with a low risk and high quality German portfolio. As a result, provisions could remain contained closer to 25 basis points of average loans for 2023, or essentially flat to 2022. Let me now hand over to James, who will take you through our financial performance in more detail.

Thank you, Olivier. Let me now cover the impact delivering the transformation plan has had on our profitability and financial stability. We're pleased that all divisions delivered significant positive operating leverage on an annual basis since 2018. We intend to continue to deliver operating leverage for the group on an annual basis going forward. Our returns have improved every year since 2019. We've reduced non-interest expenses over the period. We will continue to be disciplined on costs, including working on additional measures to offset cost pressures in line with our 2025 target of a cost-income ratio below 62.5%. Finally, our capital remains resilient. Since 2018, we absorbed around 270 basis points of capital headwinds from regulatory impacts and our transformation plan and ended the year at 13.4%, around 300 basis points above our regulatory requirements. Let's now turn to the fourth quarter and full year 2022 performance on slide 23. Starting with the fourth quarter, total revenues for the group were 6.3 billion euros, up 7% on the fourth quarter of 2021. Non-interest expenses of 5.2 billion euros reduced by 7% year on year with all cost categories flat or down, which I will detail later. Our provision for credit losses was 351 million euros or 28 basis points of average loans. We generated a profit before tax of 775 million euros up from 82 million euros in the fourth quarter of 2021. Our net profit of nearly 2 billion euros reflects a positive year-end deferred tax asset valuation adjustment of 1.4 billion euros. This deferred tax benefit reflects a recovery in the accounting value of our tax loss carry forwards in the U.S., as profitability has significantly improved since 2019 due to the successful transformation of our U.S. business. The return on tangible equity for the group for the quarter was 13.1%. Our cost-income ratio came in at 82%, down 12 percentage points compared to the prior year period. Tangible book value per share was 26 euros and 70 cents, up 23 cents on the quarter, and 8% year-on-year. We reported diluted earnings per share of 92 cents for the quarter, which brings the full year total to 2 euros and 37 cents. For the full year 2022, we generated a pre-tax profit of 5.6 billion euros, up 65% over 2021. Return on tangible equity for the group was 9.4% for the full year, compared to 3.8% for 2021. Excluding the benefit of the deferred tax asset valuation adjustment, our return on tangible equity would have been 6.7% for the year, and our full-year tax rate would have been 24%, in line with our previous guidance. For 2023, we expect an effective tax rate of 29%. Let's now turn to the core bank's performance on slide 24. Starting again with the fourth quarter, core bank revenues were 6.3 billion euros, up 7% on the prior year quarter. Non-interest expenses declined 4% year on year, with adjusted costs also down 4% for the same period. We reported a profit before tax of 1 billion euros, more than double the prior year quarter. Our core bank return on tangible equity for the quarter was 14.9%. Our cost income ratio came in at 79%, down from 88% in the prior year period. On a full year basis, revenues in the core bank were 27.2 billion euros, up 7% compared to 2021, while non-interest expenses of 19.5 billion euros were down 3%. The cost-income ratio improved to 71% from 79% in 2021. In 2022, we generated a pre-tax profit of 6.5 billion euros, up 37% year-on-year, and the highest since we began our transformation in 2019. We reported a return on tangible equity of 11.3%, or 8.5%, excluding the deferred tax asset valuation adjustment, slightly below our target of above 9%. Turning to net interest margin on slide 25, we can see the continued favorable impact of the interest rate environment with NIM at slightly above 1.5% in the fourth quarter. This increase has been achieved despite the non-recurrence of the third quarter buyback gains. Net interest earning assets are slightly down due to the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar and the partial prepayment of TLTRO3. We expect NIM to remain strong given the ongoing rate rises, and we expect to see a material year-on-year NII tailwind in 2023, which I will detail on slide 26. Let me now provide an update on the interest rate tailwind we expect to see going forward. In March 2022, we guided that interest rate tailwinds net of funding cost offsets would add approximately one percentage point to the revenue compound annual growth rate from 2021 to 2025. This figure has risen to approximately 1.5 percentage points from our 2022 landing point based on rates and funding spreads as of January 20th. As you can see, the divisional CAGR's net of funding impacts on the right side of the slide. As we want to give you a consistent view across rate and funding cost impacts, these figures are based on the evolution of our planned liability stack rather than a purely static balance sheet, but do not include the impacts of planned lending growth. In 2023, we expect to see strong interest rate impacts due to the timing effects from the rapid pace of interest rate rises. By 2025, the rollover of our hedge portfolios will have offset the reduction in this timing effect resulting in the NII benefit being maintained. As I noted at our third quarter analyst call, the sequential tailwind from 22 to 23 is expected to be approximately 1 billion euros for the full year. Moving to costs on slide 27. We reduced adjusted costs excluding transformation charges and bank levies by 3.1 billion euros or 14% since 2018. Excluding FX movements, costs were down 16% during this period. Compensation and benefits costs decreased by 1 billion euros, driven by changes in workforce size and composition. Non-compensation costs were lower across all categories. Both professional services and IT spend were down by nearly half a billion euros. The IT spend reduction was in line with the overall cost reduction. As Christian indicated, Our cumulative IT spend was 15 billion euros over the past four years. Within this spend, we saw reductions in our running IT operating expenses as the benefits from simplified architecture came through. At the same time, we continue to invest into our technology and people to future-proof the bank. The 1.1 billion lower costs in the other category reflects reductions across a number of line items with major contributions from building costs regulatory fees, operational taxes, and insurance expenses. We look at the 12-month comparison for 2022 on slide 28. Adjusted costs excluding transformation charges and bank levies stayed flat at around 19 billion euros or down 3% excluding FX. Increases in compensation and benefits of 399 million euros were mostly offset by reductions in non-compensation costs. Reductions in non-compensation expenses reflect our continued cost management efforts, specifically from reduced costs for outsourced operations and lower occupancy-related spend. You can also see that fourth quarter adjusted costs, excluding transformation charges and bank levies, were down by 2% year-on-year or 4%, excluding FX. Let me now give you an update on the key pillars of the efficiency measures for the group we outlined in March at our Investor Day. which will contribute to our 2025 targets on slide 29. These initiatives are expected to deliver structural cost savings of more than 2 billion euros between 2022 and 2025. Let me give you some examples. The Germany platform optimization entailing branch reductions and the technology integration of the IT platform shows how we were creating efficiencies by simplifying our overall architecture. We recently completed the second migration wave, which converted around 4 million additional post-bank contracts to the Deutsche Bank IT platform. One of our key priorities for 2023 is to complete the IT migration and start decommissioning the legacy IT post-bank system. We expect these actions to generate around 600 million euros of savings by the end of 2025. Another part of our technology upgrade is the re-architecture and simplification of our application landscape. In 2022, we decommissioned 9% of our total application stack and plan to decommission a further 500 applications by 2025. Supported by our cloud-based infrastructure, we've also migrated key applications to the cloud and will continue to build on this progress. While we expect these savings to come through closer to 2025, we expect to deliver around 600 million euros of savings overall. Our front-to-back process redesign has also delivered tangible results with more automated processes supported by improved controls, and we will specifically continue to focus these improvements on loan processing, risk management, and reporting activities. For example, we have designed a more efficient KYC process that will eliminate unnecessary client KYC questions by 40%, while enhancing control effectiveness via smart forms and workflows determined by client-specific characteristics. Overall, we expect these actions to deliver around €500 million of savings by 2025. In addition, we have also identified around €500 million of cost savings, primarily in infrastructure efficiencies. In line with the plans we outlined in March 2022, we've optimized office space, resulting in a significant reduction of 170,000 square meters in 2022, representing around 6% of our total global footprint. Going forward, we will continue to focus on optimizing our workforce management, including a more streamlined corporate title distribution. Turning to provisions for credit losses on slide 30. Provision for credit losses for the full year 2022 with 25 basis points of average loans or 1.2 billion euros in line with previous guidance and confirming the resilience of our loan book. The year-on-year development reflected the impact of the war in the Ukraine and weaker macroeconomic conditions, while 2021 benefited from economic recovery post the easing of COVID restrictions. Provision for credit losses for the fourth quarter was 28 basis points of average loans on an annualized basis or 351 million euros, very much in line with the previous quarter. Stage one and two provision release of 39 million euros compared to a net release of 5 million euros in the prior year quarter benefited from a stabilization of the macroeconomic forecasts toward the end of the year, the release of an overlay from previous periods, and improved portfolio parameters. Stage three provision increased to 390 million euros compared to 259 million euros in the prior year quarter. As with the previous quarter, the increase reflects an overall higher number of impairment events, but we have not observed specific trends emerging, and in particular did not observe a material impact of higher energy prices on provisions. Moving to capital on slide 31. Our common equity Tier 1 capital ratio came in at 13.4 percent, a three basis point increase compared to the previous quarter. FX translation effects contributed two basis points. Three basis points of the increase came from capital supply changes, reflecting our strong organic capital generation from net income, largely offset by higher regulatory deductions for deferred tax assets, shareholder dividends, and additional Tier 1 coupons. Risk-weighted asset changes drove a two basis point reduction in our CET1 ratio, principally due to higher market risk RWA partially offset by net reductions in credit risk RWA. Operational risk RWA remained broadly unchanged quarter on quarter. The higher market risk RWA resulted from higher SVAR levels, mainly driven by a change in the applicable stress window versus the prior previous quarter. Credit risk RWA reduced during the quarter as the impact of regulatory model changes was more than offset by tight risk management in our core bank. Looking ahead, we expect our CET1 ratio to remain subject to volatility, principally due to regulatory model reviews and ECB audits. In 2022, amendments were made in particular to models for our mid-cap portfolio and our German retail portfolio. Now, we expect model changes for the wholesale portfolio to follow in phases. A first set was implemented in the fourth quarter of last year with an RWA impact of around €2.5 billion. The models for the larger portfolio of financial institutions and large corporates are expected to follow over the course of this year. We expect to be able to absorb model-related impacts via continued retention of earnings, but the timing of regulatory model decisions is likely to create CET1 ratio volatility. That said, We aim to end 2023 with a CET1 ratio of 200 basis points above our maximum distributable amount threshold expected to be 11.2%. We ended the year with a leverage ratio of 4.6% in line with our 2022 target of around 4.5% and an increase of 25 basis points versus the previous quarter. FX translation effects resulted in a five basis point leverage ratio increase. Eleven basis points came from higher Tier 1 capital, reflecting higher CET1 capital and our AT1 issuance in November 2022. Finally, nine basis points increase came from the seasonal reduction in trading activities at year end. With that, let's now turn to performance in our businesses, starting with the corporate bank on slide 33. Full year revenues for the corporate bank were 6.3 billion euros, 23% higher year on year. Strong revenue growth was driven by increased interest rates and continued pricing discipline, higher commission and fee income, as well as deposit growth and favorable FX movements. Momentum was strong in the fourth quarter, with revenues increasing by 30% year on year, mainly driven by the improved interest rate environment and solid underlying business performance supported by higher client deposits. Non-interest expenses of 3.9 billion euros decreased by 5% year on year as positive contributions from non-compensation initiatives and lower non-operating costs were partly offset by FX movements. Loan volume in the corporate bank was 122 billion euros down by 1 billion euros compared to the prior year quarter and down by 7 billion euros compared to the previous quarter driven by FX movements and increasing selectiveness of balance sheet deployment towards year-end 2022. Provision for credit losses increased from essentially nil in the prior year to 27 basis points for the full year, reflecting the more challenging macroeconomic environment. Profit before tax was 2.1 billion euros for the year, up by 103% year-on-year. The cost-income ratio came in at 62%, and return on tangible equity was 12.5% in line with our commitment for 2022. I will now turn to revenues by business segments in the fourth quarter on slide 34. Corporate treasury services revenues of more than 1 billion euros increased by 26% year on year, driven by increased interest rates across all markets and higher deposits. Institutional client services revenues of 442 million euros rose by 28%, benefiting from higher interest rates and deposit growth. Business banking revenues of 273 million euros grew by 51% year on year, reflecting the transition to a positive interest rate environment in Germany. I'll now turn to the investment bank on slide 35. For the full year, revenues ex-Pacific items were 3% higher compared to what was a very strong 2021. Revenues in FIC were significantly higher, with strong year-on-year growth across the majority of the franchise. This was partially offset by significantly lower revenues in origination and advisory in an industry fee pool down 36% versus the prior year. Non-interest expenses were slightly higher versus the prior year, but essentially flat once adjusted for the impact of FX translation and increased bank levies. Our loan balances increased year-on-year driven by higher originations, primarily in financing, combined with the impact of U.S. dollar appreciation versus the euro. Leverage exposure and RWAs were essentially flat year on year, as underlying business reductions were offset by the impact of FX movements. Provision for credit losses was 319 million euros, or 32 basis points of average loans. The year-on-year increase was driven by a weakening macroeconomic environment, whilst the prior year benefited from a post-COVID recovery and lower levels of impairments. Turning to revenues by segment on slide 36, revenues in fixed sales and trading increased by 27% in the fourth quarter when compared to the prior year, the highest fourth quarter revenues in over a decade. Adjusting for the impact of a concentrated distressed credit position in the prior year quarter, the year-on-year performance was approximately 70% higher. Very strong performance across the majority of the franchise was partially offset by significantly lower revenues in credit trading. Rates revenues were up over 400%, with emerging markets and FX revenues significantly higher. The strong performance was driven by the ongoing heightened market activity and strong client flows. Financing revenues were slightly lower year on year as increased net interest margin was offset by reduced activity in commercial real estate and the APAC business more broadly. Credit trading revenues were significantly lower due to the non-recurrence of the aforementioned concentrated distressed credit position in the prior year quarter and a market environment that continues to be challenging. In origination and advisory, revenues were down 71% against what was a record fourth quarter fee cool in the prior year and reflecting the underlying product mix of our businesses. Debt origination revenues were significantly lower due to materially reduced leveraged debt capital markets revenues. The leveraged loan market continued to be largely inactive and we remained selective in our new business dealings with a focus on reducing our existing commitment pipeline. Loan markdowns during the quarter were minimal. Investment-grade debt revenues for the quarter were also significantly lower, as was the industry fee pool. From a full-year perspective, our revenue decline was less than the industry average. Equity origination revenues were significantly lower, reflecting an industry fee pool reduction of over 60%, with the IPO dot market down over 80%. Revenues in advisory were significantly lower as the industry fee pool declined materially against a record prior year quarter. Turning to the private bank on slide 37. Private bank revenues were 9.2 billion euros for the full year, up 11% year on year or 6% if adjusted for the impact of the BGH ruling in 2021 and specific items. Those items include the previously disclosed gain on sale of around €310 million related to the financial advisor's business in Italy. From an operating perspective, revenues increased, driven by higher net interest income and continued business growth. This more than compensated lower fee income, mainly reflecting the current macroeconomic uncertainties. Non-interest expenses declined by 11%, supported by net releases of litigation provisions and lower restructuring expenses. Adjusted costs declined 5% year on year, driven by savings from transformation initiatives, including workforce reductions and branch closures, as well as lower internal service cost allocations. The private bank attracted net new business volumes of 41 billion euros in the year, with 30 billion euros of inflows in assets under management and 11 billion euros of net new client loans. Provision for credit losses reflects a high-quality loan portfolio, especially in the retail businesses, as well as tight risk discipline. The International Private Bank was impacted by single exposures, mainly in margin lending. Profit before tax rose to €2 billion for the full year and more than doubled to €1.6 billion, excluding specific revenue items, transformation costs, and restructuring charges. Turning now to revenues by segment on slide 38. Fourth quarter revenues in the private bank Germany were up 7%, or 10% if adjusted for the net impact of the BGH ruling, since the fourth quarter in 2021 included a positive true-up associated with estimated revenue losses. Higher net interest income more than compensated for lower fee income, which was impacted by lower client activity and more challenging markets, as well as