Emergent BioSolutions Inc.

Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining today as Emergent discusses their operational and financial results for the second quarter of 2025. As is customary, today's call is open to all participants. The call is being recorded and is copyrighted by Emergent Biosolutions. In addition to today's press release, there are a series of slides accompanying this webcast available to all webcast participants. Turning to slide two. During today's call, Emergent may make projections and other forward-looking statements related to their business, future events, their prospects, or future performance. These forward-looking statements are based on their current intentions, beliefs, and expectations regarding future events. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this conference call and except as required by law, Emergent does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect new information, events, or circumstances. Investors should consider this cautionary statement as well as the risk factors identified in Emergent's periodic reports filed with the SEC when evaluating their forward-looking statements. During today's call, Emergent may also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures that involve adjustments to GAAP figures in order to provide greater transparency regarding Emergent's operating performance. Please refer to the tables found in today's press release. Turning to slide three. The agenda for today's call will include Joe Papa, President and Chief Executive Officer, who will provide an update on the company's transformation plan and highly key results, and Rich Lindahl, EVP and Chief Financial Officer, who will provide details on the second quarter and -to-date 2025 financial results as well as provide an update on full year 2025 guidance. Joe Papa will conclude by discussing the company's business performance and key catalyst for growth followed by Q&A. Finally, for the benefit of those who may be listening to the replay of this webcast, this call was held and recorded on August 6th, 2025. Since then, Emergent may have made announcements related to topics discussed during today's call. And with that, I would now like to turn the call over to Joe Papa. Joe?

Thank you, operator. Good afternoon and thank you for joining our second quarter 2025 earnings call. This is Joe Papa, CEO of Emergent, and I'm joined today by Rich Lindahl, our Chief Financial Officer. Let's turn to slide five. I am pleased to report that we are making great progress and continue to execute our plan and are on track with our multi-year transformation. First, I wanna thank all of our Emergent colleagues for their great work, staying focused on our mission to protect and save lives while advancing our turnaround priorities. Among our key goals for 2025 are to pursue strategic investment opportunities, both internal and externally through business development that will position Emergent for long-term stable growth while creating significant value for our shareholders. Throughout the quarter, we focus on increased operational efficiency and driving profitable growth, as well as maintaining our market leadership position in the critical biodefense and public health sectors where we have strong established customer relationships. Turning to slide six, we presented a more detailed look at the second quarter. I could not be prouder of our second quarter performance where we beat our internal guidance on both the top and bottom line. Second quarter revenues of $141 million came in 21 million above our guidance range of 95 to $120 million. Even more impressively, year to date, we have achieved 106 million in adjusted EBITDA based on our stronger than expected gross margins. In light of this, we are raising the low end and the midpoint for 2025 adjusted EBITDA guidance from 175 to $200 million from 150 to 200 million previously. Year to date, we have increased our liquidity by $297 million and now have access to $367 million in financial capacity to invest in growth opportunities. This includes 267 million of cash on our balance sheet and also includes our undrawn $100 million revolver. Our net leverage has now improved to 1.9 times debt to adjusted EBITDA. That's down from 9.9 times in the second quarter of 2024 and our stock has rebounded to qualify for inclusion in the Russell 3000 index. These financial achievements represent the evidence of our progress to date. As you can see from the slide, we executed seven revenue producing contract modifications year to date and we are clearly an industry leader in medical countermeasures. Our 2024 investment in international programs outside the US has already generated great results. As you can see, our international MCM sales represent 40% of the revenues year to date. We are committed as ever to help combat the opioid overdose epidemic and saving lives. Our position as the market leader in the Nalaxone category remains very strong as our business rebounded over 50% since the first quarter of 2025, following the one-time events we experienced in the first quarter of the year. I'll share more on Nalaxone business and MCM later in the presentation. Lastly, we are looking at multiple levers to create growth and drive shareholder value. We've already done this through cash generating divestitures while preserving our EBITDA. We are also making progress in evaluating our internal R&D efforts while we are exploring synergistic external bolt-on opportunities like rocket backs and the Clopsado nasal spray. Finally, we implemented a 12-month share repurchase program of $50 million and we have repurchased 1.1 million shares in the second quarter. We believe Emergent is well positioned for a strong second half of 2025. On slide seven, Emergent is a business founded over 25 years ago. We are an established and reliable partner in both the US government and other allied governments. Our business is unlike that of traditional pharmaceutical companies. Our manufacturing model is North American-centric. In other words, we have a durable supply chain because our MCM products are manufactured in the US or at a US MCA-compliant facility in Canada. Furthermore, Emergent remains committed to our historical practice of offering the most favored pricing for our medical countermeasure products to the US government. We believe this pricing model reflects our role as a trusted partner in the current administration and supports long-term collaboration with the US government. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Rich to walk through our second quarter

financial results. Thanks, Joe. Good afternoon, everyone. We appreciate you joining the call. Emergent second quarter results reflect continued strong execution and progress on our multi-year transformation plan. Our second quarter revenue came in at $141 million, exceeding the top end of our guidance range by $21 million. The second quarter performance was driven by both pillars of our core business, medical countermeasures and Narcan. We have meaningfully strengthened our cash position and materially reduced our net leverage to 1.9 times from 9.9 times a year ago. Adjusted net income for the second quarter was $9 million, representing a substantial improvement compared to the $122 million loss in the same period in 2024. Additionally, we saw significant -over-year improvements in both adjusted gross margin and adjusted EBITDA margin, driven by strategic divestitures, cost reduction actions and the continued execution of government contracts over the past year. These results underscore the progress we are making in reshaping the business towards sustained profitability. Both our medical countermeasure and opioid overdose reversal products continue to deliver solid performance with consistent demand, supported by strong bipartisan backing. Our leadership in MCM remains a strategic priority with both US government and international partners relying on our proven capabilities to enhance health security and emergency preparedness. With that, let's move to the second quarter financials. As highlighted on slide nine, our key financial metrics are total revenues of $141 million, which came in above our initial guidance range of $95 to $120 million. Note that second quarter 2024 had revenues from several streams that are not recurring in 2025. These include our divested RSEL product, revenue from our divested Camden CDMO facility, and the one-time Janssen $50 million settlement revenue. All of these were partially offset by higher small part sales in Q2 2025. Adjusted EBITDA was $29 million, an increase of $39 million versus negative $10 million the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA margin of 20%, an increase of 2,400 basis points versus the prior year. Adjusted gross margin of 49% improved 2,300 basis points year over year, driven by favorable product mix, expanded international sales of MCM products, and a leaner manufacturing cost structure stemming from our previously announced restructuring initiatives and divestitures. And finally, operating expenses were down $63 million or 53% versus the prior year across R&D and SG&A. Transitioning to slide 10, our second quarter revenue highlights were total product sales of $126 million, down year over year as higher smallpox revenue was offset by lower Narcan and Anthrax sales. All other revenue comprised of services as well as contracts and grants revenue was $15 million. In the second quarter of 24, revenues for this segment included $50 million from the Janssen settlement as well as sales from our Camp and CMO facility. Total sales were $141 million, and again, $21 million above the high end of our guidance range. This was driven primarily by smallpox revenue timing and also a stronger than expected rebound in Narcan public interest sales. Turning to Narcan, sales saw roughly 50% increase in revenue in the second quarter as compared to the first quarter of 2025, following the one-time disruption of a distributor selling short-dated generic naloxone at discounted pricing. With that event now behind us, an improved clarity around federal funding, state-level purchasing has stabilized, supporting consistent demand across both the public interest and retail channels. To further highlight the improved performance of Narcan in the second quarter of 25, if you exclude the sales to California in second quarter of 24, US public interest volume was flat year over year, highlighting our market leading position in this channel. In addition, we improved access and operational efficiency by integrating CluxAuto into our Narcan Direct Platform, streamlining procurement of both Narcan and CluxAuto for first responders and public health partners. We believe that this will further reinforce our leadership position. Turning to slide 11, I'll walk through our performance for the first half of 2025. Total revenue was $363 million. The decrease versus the first half of 24 primarily reflects divestitures, one-time services revenue, as well as some strategic pricing actions taken on Narcan to maintain competitiveness within institutional and government channels and the evolving dynamics. Adjusted EBITDA was $106 million, or 29% of total revenue, an improvement of approximately $49 million and 1,900 basis points year over year. This illustrates our strong operating leverage and cost reductions taken last year. Adjusted gross margin of 54% improved 1,500 basis points compared to the prior year. This expansion was driven by a more favorable product mix and continued operational efficiency stemming from the 2024 restructuring initiatives. Operating expenses totaled $124 million, a $95 million reduction from the prior year. This meaningful decrease reflects the successful execution of our 2024 cost optimization strategy, which has materially streamlined our expenses and improved our financial flexibility. Moving to slide 12, the first half of 2025 total product sales were $328 million. Breaking that down by key product, Narcan revenue totaled $113 million. Antrax medical countermeasure revenue was $60 million, influenced by timing of government procurement orders. Smallpox revenue grew to $147 million, material year over year improvement, reflecting deliveries under our multi-year contracts and a significant increase in international demand. And finally, all other revenues were $35 million, reflecting our contracting grants revenue from the US government-funded Ibanga Development Program. 2024 revenue also included the one-time $50 million in Yansen Settlement and Candid CDMO business revenues. Turning to slide 13, I'm pleased to report continued progress in strengthening our financial position. As of the second quarter of 2025, total liquidity reached $367 million, comprised of $267 million of cash and $100 million of undrawn revolver capacity. Both liquidity and cash was significantly improved year over year. Our net debt in the second quarter of 25 was $433 million, a $361 million reduction, or 45% year over year. Operating cash flow also improved $110 million, driven by strong improvements in our network and capital. And coupled with our improved profitability, we reduced our net leverage significantly year over year, ending at 1.9 times adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter of 25. With an enhanced cash position and increased financial flexibility, we believe we are well positioned to evaluate strategic growth initiatives while continuing to drive long-term value for shareholders. Please turn to slide 14, and I'll touch on our key capital allocation priorities in support of our multi-year transformation plan. We're primarily focused on three key areas, growth, debt repayment, and share repurchases. First, we're investing in both organic and inorganic opportunities to strengthen our core businesses and drive future revenue expansion. We're focused on increasing international revenue from our medical countermeasure segment. We're also expanding our commercial reach through Quixoto nasal spray, which was recently integrated into our sales platform Narcan Direct. We also made an investment into Rocketbacks and are evaluating investments into key internal R&D programs. Going forward, we plan to continue to assess business development opportunities that align with our core markets and long-term growth strategy to effectively deploy investment capital. Next, we'll consider debt repayment to strengthen our balance sheet and improve financial flexibility. We're also committed to exploring additional ways to create shareholder value. We previously announced a $50 million share repurchase program in March 2025, which is active through March of 2026. In the second quarter of 25, we repurchased 1.1 million shares for $6.9 million. We will continue to evaluate the timing and amount of future share repurchases based on market conditions and other factors. Transitioning to slide 15, we are raising the low end and midpoint of our full year 2025 adjusted EBITDA guidance and narrowing the 2025 revenue range based on performance year to date. Full year 2025 guidance is as follows, total revenues of $765 to $835 million. For the first half of the year, we reported revenues of $363 million and are still expecting a stronger back half of the year. Adjusted EBITDA of $175 to $200 million, which is an increase of approximately $13 million at the midpoint reflecting year over year margin improvement driven by a more efficient cost structure across the business. Adjusted gross margin of 50 to 52%, which is a roughly 600 basis point expansion at the midpoint versus 2024 results, primarily driven by restructuring initiatives to improve utilization across our streamline manufacturing network and the growing contribution from international partnerships. Moving to segment level revenue guidance, for MCM product sales, we are anticipating $440 to $475 million across US government and international borders. Commercial products including Clark Sato are expected in the range of $265 to $300 million. And for the third quarter of 25, we're forecasting total revenue of $180 to $210 million, driven by ongoing strength across both our commercial and MCM portfolios. This outlook reflects our visibility into the timing of MCM deliveries with the majority expected in the second half of the year. Additionally, Narcan continues to perform well, supported by consistent demand. We believe that the intranasal naloxone market will grow in the low to mid single digits supported by ongoing public health initiatives and strong demand across both commercial and public interest channels. We continue to maintain a market leading position in this space, which we think further reflect the resilience of our brand and the trust we've built with key stakeholders. In closing on slide 15, we're making solid progress on the turnaround phase of our multi-year plan with strong execution through the first half of 25. Our 2025 revenue outlook remains focused on our core business across both the medical countermeasures and commercial segments. Of note, we are also seeing strong demand for our MCM products internationally, key strategic focus, with year to date sales of $102 million or 48% of total MCM revenue. Utilization has improved across our manufacturing network and streamlined operating expenses are driving sustained positive operating cash flow and robust cash generation year to date. The improved profitability of our business, coupled with the significant improvement in cash, has resulted in a material deleveraging of the business. Again, net leverage ended up 1.9 times adjusted even down in the second quarter of 25, down from 9.9 times in the prior year. Looking forward, we remain committed to pursuing strategic growth investments while actively identifying opportunities to deliver value to our shareholders. I'll now turn the call back over to Joe to discuss our business outlook and catalysts. Joe?

Thank you, Rich. Turning to slide number 18, I'd like to provide a more detailed outlook on our business segments and our future growth drivers. Let's start with Narcan. We work relentlessly to help save lives through our efforts to increase access and awareness to Nalaxone, while helping to maintain affordability for Narcan 4 milligrams and coaxial 8 milligrams. We are closely following the positive impact that Narcan nasal spray is having on opioid overdose deaths. Third-party sources have now confirmed the association between the -over-year decline overdose deaths and the -the-counter availability of Narcan starting in the third quarter of 2023. We know there are a variety of factors that claim this tremendous reduction, but we are proud to be a contributor to help save lives. During our first quarter earnings call, we experienced some short-term and one-time headwinds in demand for Narcan. I wanna reiterate that Narcan volume has grew this quarter by 50% for the first quarter of 2025. In the beginning, we believe these one-off events now be behind us. Our leadership in the public interest channel remains strong. We have several new and returning customers, which we believe is driven by our market-leading solutions and our competitive pricing. On the retail side, we gained additional visibility through our participation in the Amazon Prime Day in July, and our -to-business efforts are showing progress as we added several new partners this quarter. We have also fully integrated Cloxado nasal spray and new convenient kits in our Narcan Direct Distribution Platform. This offering makes it easier for our customers to use life-saving solutions for their communities and patients. Notably, just recently, Cloxado gained preferred status on the Humana Medicare Part D formulary, giving us access to approximately an additional 5.8 million lives. In May, we announced a three-year agreement valued at approximately $65 million with the province of Ontario to supply our life-saving Narcan treatments, and orders have already begun. Additionally, we supplied Narcan to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who covered the G7 Leaders Summit in Canada. This provides us even more visibility for our products in the Canadian market. Examples like these further illustrate the importance of our products to help save lives. Finally, just last month, the U.S. House of Representatives placed a carton of Naloxone next to every AED or defibrillator located in its buildings, providing direct access to first responders to help anyone experiencing an opioid overdose. This effort was led by Republican Representative Buddy Carter of Georgia, who is a supporter of this public health issue. Moving to slide 19, our MCM business benefits from strong international and congressional bipartisan support, and there are multiple favorable developments that I wanna highlight. First, on June 25th at the NATO Summit, member nations reached the decision to raise defense spending from 2% to 5% of GDP by 2035, allocating .5% towards core military activities and .5% towards broader defense-related priorities. This shift unlocks an estimated 2.5 trillion in new funding over the next decade and signals a sustained increased demand for its fierce medical countermeasures. Emergent is already active in international markets, supplying allied governments with critical bio-defense solutions. We believe this incremental investment in national defense votes very favorably for our top-line growth. Second, in June of 2025, the Health Emergency Preparedness Response Authority, or HERA, held an important Industry Day in Brussels. This event represents yet another example of the EU prioritization of medical countermeasures on a global scale. Now, let us discuss our recent contract awards. We announced a $62.4 million contract modification for VAT, which was followed by a 51.9 million contract modification for VIG, our Small Fox Preparedness. Importantly, -to-date, we have already secured seven revenue-generating contract modifications. And based on our continued dialogue with the US government, we are still expecting contracts for additional products that will be executed in the second half of the year. An area that we believe sets Emergent apart, yet receives very little attention, is that we not only supply and help the government stockpile medical countermeasures, but we also service the quality and stability of those products after the initial sale. These services provide us with an ongoing revenue stream. Turning now to our efforts in the global outbreak and unmet need against EMPOPS, we continue to engage with the World Health Organization on emergency use listing for ACAM2000 vaccine, as well as with key African country leaders to offer our assistance with the EMPOPS outbreak. We recently announced a new publication in a peer-reviewed journal, Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, which reviewed our tembexa, or BCV, as a potential antiviral treatment for EMPOPS. The Panther-led MOSA trial to evaluate BCV for EMPOPS has been enrolling patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo since January. As mentioned in my earlier comments, this is critical work to understand and evaluate the potential line extensions for the tembexa product. On slide 20, we outlined our outlook on future growth and cash deployment, Rich touched on the capital allocations in his remarks, but I'd like to underscore our plan, which is to invest the cash we are generating from our business into three growth tracks. Number one is to invest in new government collaborations for line extensions and new products within our existing R&D pipeline. Number two is for continued international growth investments. And number three is to look externally to identify value-creating programs that align strategically with our current business model and capabilities. At the beginning of 2025, we took two steps towards pipeline development. First, our investment agreement to support the research infrastructure development expansion of SwissRockets, the parent company of our rocket venture. Next, we acquired exclusive commercial rights to describe coxouto nasal spray in the US and Canada as an added tool to fight the opioid crisis. Finally, our strong cashflow and liquidity position continue to enable us to explore and expand investment opportunities into attractive areas and create shareholder value. In closing on slide 21, we have outperformed our top-line guidance in the second quarter. We expect a strong second half of the year and are narrowing the 2025 revenue range to 765 to 835 million dollars and raising the low and midpoint for adjusted EBITDA guidance to 175 to 200 million. As we continue to see positive indicators that we remain on track to execute our multi-year turnaround plan. Looking at the external environment, we firmly believe that business such as ours are extremely valuable in an increasingly dangerous workplace. This reinforces our confidence that we are executing a strategic multi-year turnaround plan that is focused on generating value for our shareholders. As we transform, we will plan to operate with the highest standards of quality, ethics, and compliance, all that we do. With that operator, I look forward to taking additional questions. Please open up the line for questions operator. Thank you.

Thank you. As a reminder to ask a question, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. To remove yourself from the queue, you may press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Jessica Fai of JPMorgan. Please go ahead, Jessica.

Hey guys, good evening. Thanks for taking our questions. I have a few on Narcan. So first, you mentioned some strategic pricing actions. Can you elaborate on when that happened and what the average price of Narcan is now? The second, I think you said the Naloxone market will grow low to mid single digits. Is that volume or revenue? And third, how do you think about the ability to maintain your current market share? And then just a housekeeping question on SG&A. It looks like that came in nicely below our forecast this quarter. Is that 2Q SG&A number a good run rate for the rest of 2025? Thank you.

Okay, I'm gonna try to get all of these Jessica, but if I miss any, please let me know. On the Narcan pricing actions, what we really referred there is some of the pricing actions that have occurred over the last 12 months or the last several months. Narcan pricing has been relatively stable over the last several months. So we feel that this is a pretty stable pricing environment right now. Obviously, things could change, but right now we see really pricing stability in the timing of what we're seeing. As it would relate to the market growth for Naloxone, you're absolutely correct. We do expect low to mid single digit growth rates for the Naloxone market. And our view on this is it's done, this could be for a couple different factors. Number one, unfortunately, there's still 80,000 people a year dying because of opioid overdoses. So we still believe that this is a very pressing problem. And at least the data that we see, as I mentioned, some of the third party proof sources really suggest that the availability of OPC Narcan has made a difference in the last, well, since the third quarter of 2023. So we're seeing the trend lines continue to go down, but this is no time to stop. And we expect that we'll still have a problem out there that people will invest behind to stop the problem. Also, clearly, the availability of the litigation settlement funds from the large pharma companies that had opioids and that availability of those funds over the next 10 years we also think will be an important growth factor for helping to grow the market and save more lives based on, we've seen the evidence of saving lives from some of the third party proof sources. And now we have some additional capacity based on the settlement funds to help fund the opioid overdose treatments like the Narcan product, but also obviously for education. So we do think that's gonna be an important part. The last part you asked about was maintaining market share. And as I said, I think we feel very comfortable. We still are the majority share player in this marketplace. This market is much different than a market like a generic market where one could lose a significant amount of share in the first six to 12 months. We've been holding onto our share and we expect that we will continue to be the market leader as we develop new programs, new line extensions. We have the clogs out of it as part of our program. And then importantly, we're making it easier to do business with us through our Narcan direct programs while we always seek to maintain competitive pricing. We don't match, but we have competitive pricing. So we think those are the reasons why we've been able to hold on to share and expect to hold on to share in the future. I think you wanted to ask also about YouTube run

rate, Rick.

Yeah,

and hi Jessica, thanks for the question. I would say, yeah, I think it's a pretty decent run rate for the rest of the year, plus minus maybe 5%, something like that.

Great, and just sorry, coming back on the Naloxone market growth, low to mid single digits, was that volume of the market or overall market revenue?

So we are referring mostly to the volume of the market to be clear, but as long as pricing stays relatively stable, it should translate to that. But obviously, we're gonna keep a close eye on what's happening with the pricing. But as I said, over the last several months, Naloxone and Narcan pricing has been relatively stable.

Great, thank you.

Thank you for the question. Operator, next question.

Thank you, our next question comes from the line of Raghuram Savaraju of HC Ring Rate and Company. Please go ahead, Raghuram.

Hi, this is Eduardo on for ROM. Just a quick question, maybe talk a little bit about Narcan, have you seen, is the market demand, have you seen any changes given the recent influence of some of the new synthetic opiate-like abuse agents, like these niatazines and how they're even stronger than fentanyl, are you guys seeing any responses from the public health officials in response to that?

Yeah, well we've obviously been following this very closely. We have a way to continue to look at what's happening from the reports, obviously following the process, I'm sure you have as well. What I would say is that we're obviously concerned about this and we believe because of the strength of these products, even more reasons to have Narcan available for every household because you just never know when some problems can happen and obviously we hope that no one overdoses on opioids, but fortunately it's happening. So we wanna make sure that Narcan's available to help these patients and get to a point where they can get treatment, they can survive rather than unfortunately not having access to Narcan and unfortunately time goes very quickly when they don't have the product on board, they can run into the opioid overdose problem. So we're seeking to increase access to Narcan and all the Naloxone products for that matter. We believe that's an important initiative and we're working diligently with everybody. I think we won't rest until we feel that Narcan's available in every first aid kit because we believe that's the kind of situation, unfortunately, we find ourselves in and Narcan is a very cost effective way to save lives and unfortunately there's still a lot of people dying. So we're working on making Narcan more accessible because we passionately believe it will save lives.

Got it, that's helpful. And switching over to MCM, do you have any updated thoughts about the competitive landscape for smallpox antivirals specifically and the potential for Brink-Cid or Vifera use, especially in light from the recent findings about the limitations of psychoviromat?

Sure, so we're tracking that as well. Obviously, as I mentioned in the comments, we are initiating, working with Panther to do clinical trials to show the effectiveness of our Tembexa product. We do believe that getting that clinical trial data would be very beneficial to us. We think this is an opportunity. Tembexa is a very potent antiviral and we look forward to getting some additional data on it. Obviously, we are working closely with BARDA, everybody in US government, department of defense, strategic national stockpile on our plans for Tembexa as well as the African countries getting some additional clinical work. I don't know, I want to say much more about our competition other than saying we are strong believers in the power of the Tembexa product to help patients. We're out getting some additional data right now in Africa and we believe that will be very beneficial for all patients as we show the outcomes from Tembexa. So we're working very hard today on it. I look forward to have more to say tomorrow about what that means, not just for M-pox but also for the implications for smallpox. We'll just have more to say about that in our Africa clinical trials and our additional discussions with the US government. But US government has an interest in what we're doing and they're looking to talk more about what we're doing for the future. The good news is that US government's been very open to meeting with us. We have a regular meeting with BARDA, strategic national stockpile department of defense on a regular quarterly basis at the highest levels of their organizations to ensure that we're in line with what our expectations are, what their expectations. So we'll just have more to say about that as we get more data.

Got it, thanks. And one final one in the MCM space. Just curious if you have any additional contract modifications you expect in the second half of 25 and for which specifically specific bio-defense preparedness programs?

The easy answer is yes. We do expect to have additional contract modifications, revenue generating contract modifications in the second half of 2025. I probably don't want to make specific comments on any individual products, but I think the fact that we already had seven year to date, I think through the first half of the year to suggest that it was certainly likely we'll get some additional contract modifications during the second half of the year and that is our expectation. Probably

don't want to go into any more details. Yeah, I mean the only thing I would add is I think we have one of site to some of these things and that's incorporated into the guidance that we provided.

Got it, that's really helpful. Thanks for taking the questions.

Thank you. I would now like to turn the conference back to Joe Poppo for closing remarks, sir.

Well thank you, operator. Thank you everyone for joining us today. I think as you can hopefully tell, our team is very excited about our mission to protect and save lives and these future growth driver opportunities that we see in front of us. As I said, it's an increasingly dangerous world and we believe very much in our ability to help reduce that risk through our medical countermeasures and importantly, we believe that our Narcan product and Gloxado are well positioned to save people's lives from opioid overdoses. So look to us, have more to say about that in the future and certainly thank you for all your attention today and I hope you certainly look at some of the financials we put out and our ability to significantly impact our financial metrics over the last 12 months. If you look at everything, cash generation, EBITDA, operating expenses, I think they've all moved in the right direction. So thanks again for joining us today, everyone. Have a great day.

Thank you all and with that, ladies and gentlemen, we now conclude the call. Thank you for your participation. Please note an archived version of today's webcast as well as a PDF version of the slides used today's call will be available later today and accessible through the investors landing page on the company's website. Thank you again. We look forward to speaking with you all in the future. Goodbye.