Edison International

Good afternoon and welcome to the Edison International First Quarter 2024 Financial Teleconference. My name is Missy and I'll be your operator today. When we get to the question and answer session, if you have a question, press star 1 on your phone. Today's call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Sam Ramraj, Vice President of Investor Relations. Mr. Ramraj, you may begin your conference.

Thank you, Missy, and welcome, everyone. Our speakers today are President and Chief Executive Officer Pedro Pizarro and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Maria Rigotti. Also on the call are other members of the management team. Materials supporting today's call are available at www.edisoninvestor.com. These include a Form 10-Q, prepared remarks from Pedro and Maria, and the teleconference presentation. Tomorrow, we will distribute our regular business update presentation. During this call, we'll make forward-looking statements about the outlook for Edison International and its subsidiaries. Actual results could differ materially from current expectations. Important factors that could cause different results are set forth in our SEC filings. Please read these carefully. The presentation includes certain outlook assumptions as well as reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the nearest GAAP measure. During the question and answer session, please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. I will now turn the call over to Pedro.

Well, thank you, Sam, and good afternoon, everyone. Edison International's core EPS for first quarter 2024 was $1.13. We are pleased with our start to the year, and we are confident in affirming our 2024 core EPS guidance of $4.70 to $5.05. We also remain confident in delivering on our long-term EPS growth targets of 5% to 7% for 2021 to 2025, and similarly for 2025 to 2028. Our conviction remains grounded in the drivers that continue to support our outlook. Starting with SCE's legacy wildfires, the utility continues to advance the process of resolving claims. Based on the latest information available, which Maria will expand on, the best estimate of losses increased by $490 million, or $333 million after tax. With wildfires now a national issue, litigation outcomes outside of California are impacting the cost to resolve claims everywhere. We remain committed to achieving ultimate certainty by working through the process expeditiously and seeking cost recovery. We are confident about the case SCE has made in TKM and Willmake for Woolsey. I would like to reiterate that we strongly believe that cost recovery is warranted and in the public interest, and we conservatively have not reflected this significant potential in our financial projections. On the operations front, I want to start by highlighting Edison's leadership of the industry's response to climate change. Recent wildfires across the nation have provided a stark reminder of the changing climate conditions. which underscore the need for further enhancing resiliency and adaptation as we transition to a clean energy future. SCE is a clear leader in wildfire mitigation and is sharing its expertise with peers across the industry who are now experiencing similar conditions. We have shown that wildfire risk associated with utility infrastructure is manageable. Also, our state has dramatically increased resources for fire suppression, including having the largest civil aerial firefighting fleet in the world. Our regulators understand the importance of financially healthy utilities. AB 1054 put in place constructive prudency standards and the insurance fund. Over the past five years, SCE has invested about $5 billion of wildfire mitigation-related capital and expects to invest more than $6 billion over the next five years. This investment ranks among the highest levels in the utility sector. On page three, you can see the numbers and the results. I will point out that SCE has not seen ignitions due to the failure of covered conductor, and the program is well recognized for its effectiveness. Putting this all together into what it means for reducing future risk of losses from wildfires, we estimate the risk is 85 to 88% lower than pre-2018. Turning to page 5, let me highlight three key points that enhance the significance of this reduction. First, physical mitigation dominates. Unlike heavy reliance on operational measures like power shutoffs or fast curve settings, the primary driver behind this risk reduction is physical mitigation. This is important because it means a much lower burden for customers. SCE's estimate comes from Moody's RMS industry-leading model, widely trusted by insurers. This model considers intricate factors, terrain, vegetation, historical data, and more, to predict wildfire probabilities. Third, to estimate the probabilities of losses in dollar terms, we employ a stochastic model. This model runs 50,000 simulations considering potential ignitions and fire sizes. while incorporating SCE's mitigation strategy. This approach contrasts with simpler deterministic methods used by some other companies and regulators that only analyze past events. In summary, our rigorous data-driven approach, validated externally, paints a clear picture. SCE's risk profile today is dramatically different than in the past as a result of the utility's mitigation efforts. To focus specifically on grid hardening, pages six and seven highlight SCE's significant progress to date. I'm pleased with the progress our team has made, and I look forward to continued progress making our communities even safer. By the end of 2025, SCE expects to be approaching 90% physical hardening of its distribution lines and high fire risk areas. With over 7,300 miles already underground, and more than 5,700 overhead miles hardened, SCE's total hardened miles surpass those of all other California IOUs combined. We're really proud of these efforts to swiftly enhance grid safety for SCE's customers. Turning to load growth, after years of relatively flat demand, we are seeing 2% to 3% annual growth in the coming years, with an inflection point above 3% annual growth beginning in 2028. In SCE's service area, we project this growth will be driven by the continued adoption of electric vehicles, increases in industrial electrification, and higher penetration of building electrification. In California, one-fourth of new cars sold in 2023 were zero emission vehicles, and that trend is continuing into 2024. As another indication of this acceleration, the state recently reached a milestone of over 100,000 public EV chargers now installed throughout California, and that is on top of over 500,000 at-home chargers. Southern California already has a significant data center presence, so while we also see low growth potential from this sector, we expect transportation electrification to drive a more substantial increase in the region's electricity demand. As our investment levels grow to support economy-wide electrification, affordability remains top of mind. We have demonstrated cost leadership over the years, resulting in the lowest system average rate among the major California IOUs. This discipline of managing our costs is a continuous focus. For example, we previously highlighted that the 2025 GRC application included $41 million of annual O&M savings as an immediate benefit for customers. Well, building on that, in SCE's rebuttal testimony submitted earlier this month, the utility identified another $35 million of annual O&M savings to further mitigate the revenue increase. 2024 is very much a year of execution across the business, and we are pleased with our start to the year. SCE continues to make significant investments and make the grid safer year after year. We continue to see constructive regulatory decisions. SCE is also making progress toward full resolution of the legacy wildfires. All of this allows us to remain confident in our ability to achieve our near and long-term commitments. I will conclude by reemphasizing that Edison International offers an excellent investment vehicle to participate in California's clean energy transition. SCE is hardening the grid every day to the benefit of customers and investors, and its wildfire mitigation execution has shown positive results for five wildfire seasons running. California is at the forefront of electrification, decarbonization, and climate adaptation. As an electric-only, wires-focused utility, SCE is in a strong position to focus on the future, which will be electric-led. Our commitment to clean energy leadership and innovation is well recognized in the industry and has only been further elevated as the impacts of climate change become more prominent. Ensuring the grid is reliable, resilient, and ready is paramount to achieving the clean energy transition and the driving theme of our investments and growth. With that, I'll turn it over to Maria for her Financial Report.

Thanks, Pedro, and good afternoon, everyone. In my comments today, I will cover first quarter 2024 results, provide an update on regulatory proceedings, and discuss 2024 EPS guidance. I also want to reaffirm our continued confidence in achieving our EPS growth targets. Let me begin with first quarter results. EIX reported core EPS of $1.13. As you can see from the year-over-year quarterly variance analysis shown on page 8, core earnings grew by 4 cents, primarily due to higher CPUC revenue authorized in Track 4 of the 2021 GRC and higher authorized rates of return, partially offset by higher interest expense associated with debt for wildfire claims payments. CIX, parent, and other was in line with the same period last year. Turning to SCE's capital and rate-based forecasts shown on pages 9 and 10, These are consistent with last quarter's disclosures. The bulk of the capital plan will be addressed by SDE's 2025 GRC. The rate case includes investments necessary to meet the critical objectives of reliability, resiliency, and readiness to meet customers' needs today and in the future. This includes gearing up traditional distribution grid investment on activities such as infrastructure replacement and load growth, as well as continued wildfire mitigation. SDE is facing the fastest electricity demand growth in decades. Thus, the capital plan reflects resuming traditional levels of infrastructure replacement necessary for system reliability and making significant investments to support load growth driven in large part by transportation electrification. During the first quarter, interveners submitted their testimony and recommendations in the GRC proceeding. The key points are summarized on page 11. In summary, we are not surprised by Cal Advocates' and Tern's focus areas, and we are confident that we will secure a good outcome for customers. Altogether, their recommendations would translate to rate-based growth of approximately 6%, which is consistent with our projected 6% to 8% rate-based growth range. Further on the regulatory front, SCE is advancing a handful of other key proceedings, including the 2022 SEMA, the TKM cost recovery application, and the recently filed WMCE application. Earlier this month, SCE received a favorable proposed decision in the 2022 SEMA proceeding. If adopted, it would authorize $191 million of revenue that would be recovered over 12 months and fully approve $312 million of capital expenditures. The PD is scheduled to be voted on at the CPUC's May 30th meeting. It's a big positive to get this decision earlier in the year, and its approval strengthens our 2024 EPS guidance. Additionally, the ALJ and the cost of capital proceeding recently issued a proposed decision that would deny intervenors petition for modification that sought to suspend the cost of capital mechanism. This decision is consistent with the intent articulated by the CPUC when the cost of capital mechanism was originally adopted and reinforces our views on the topic and the constructed California regulatory environment. Page 12 provides an update on the resolution of SCE's legacy wildfires, which continues to advance. The change in the estimated losses was primarily driven by information obtained related to the Woolsey Fire Mediation Program. Recall that plaintiffs who had opted into the program were required to submit their demands by a deadline in February. The demands received reveal that more plaintiffs intend to continue to pursue claims as considerably fewer plaintiffs have dropped their litigation in Woolsey than observed in the TKM process. Settlement outcomes during the quarter also exceeded previously estimated values. SCE has now resolved 97% of TKM individual plaintiff claims and 86% of Woolsey individual plaintiff claims and is on track to file the Woolsey cost recovery application in Q3. I will remind you that SCE intends to seek full recovery of all eligible costs, so the increase will be reflected in the cost recovery application. In the TKM proceeding, next steps include intervener testimony due May 29th and SCE's rebuttal testimony due June 28th. Turning to EPS guidance, page 13 shows our 2024 core EPS guidance and modeling considerations. We are pleased with our start to the year and are confident in affirming the range of $4.75 to $5.05. As Pedro mentioned, the estimated losses for the 2017 and 2018 events increased. As a reminder, SCE funds the cost to resolve claims with debt, which is excluded from its regulatory capital structure. Thus, SCE expects to issue additional debt, which will result in about two cents of incremental interest expense in 2024. Regardless, we maintain our confidence in achieving our EPS guidance. SCE's cost recovery applications include the financing costs associated with resolving claims. So this increase will also be reflected in the cost recovery application. On the financing front, I want to underscore that we have limited equity needs as we continue to deploy substantial amounts of capital and extend our dividend track record. As shown on page 14, the parent's 2024 financing plan is nearly complete. and we have already addressed our equity needs via internal programs. Also, we maintain our forecast of about $100 million of equity per year through 2028. As you can see on the right side of page 15, SCE's strong cash flow generation and the incremental debt to finance accretive growth address nearly all our cash needs through 2028. We have significantly strengthened our balance sheet through efficient financing execution along with regulatory asset recovery of about $4 billion over the last three years and approximately $2 billion expected through 2025. This ability to track and recover prior spending is yet another constructive feature of our regulation, which balances the ability to execute critical work with strong regulatory oversight. In recognition of our balance sheet strength, we were pleased that last week S&P affirmed our credit ratings and stable outlooks. Importantly, they lowered our FFO to debt downgrade threshold to 14% from 15%, noting the key driver of this action is the company's decreasing business risk. We're proud to see S&P's recognition of our leadership role in mitigating wildfire risk, especially in an environment where climate risks and credit thresholds across the industry are increasing. Lastly, I'll remind you that we've provided modeling sensitivities to help you quantify what cost recovery for the 2017 and 2018 events means for a few key metrics. Each billion dollars of recovery would improve our FFO to debt ratio by about 40 to 50 basis points and reduce interest expense by $35 million per year. These benefits don't only accrue to our owners. we believe customers will benefit by potentially avoiding as much as $4.9 billion of excess financing costs, a clear win for overall affordability. Let me conclude by saying that our confidence in meeting our financial targets remains strong. Underpinning this conference in the near term and long term is our focus on execution. Execution to deliver on our earnings targets. Execution to advance regulatory proceedings. and execution of our cost management initiative, the cornerstone for SCE's cost leadership and lowest system average rate among major IOUs in California. That concludes my remarks. I'm back to you, Sam.

Missy, please open the call for questions. As a reminder, we request you to limit yourself to one question and one follow-up, so everyone in line has the opportunity to ask questions.

Thank you, sir. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your phone. One moment for the first question, please. Our first question comes from Nick Campanella with Barclays. Your line is open.

Hey, good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. Hey, so I guess just to start with the charge, I guess it's good that we moved past this kind of mediation program deadline, but You did highlight an unfavorable litigation environment and settlements kind of exceeding previous estimates. Can you just maybe kind of talk about your confidence level that we wouldn't see another kind of revision higher here as we get to the third quarter and knock out that remaining $800 million? Is this the kind of last remaining revision in your mind, or how should we kind of think about as you kind of progress to that third quarter deadline?

Nick, I appreciate the question. Look, I'll just start by pointing you toward disclosures. We've said all along that Every quarter we go back in, we test whether there's a need to change reserves and adjust them so that we are providing our best estimate of the best estimate. We really want to make sure we're doing this down the middle of the road by the book per gap. And so we did pass a pretty important milestone, as you said, with that Woolsey event. And so we now have the benefit of analyzing what came in, and we saw the factors that we commented on, both less drop-off in overall claims and higher expectation of awards. As we continue here, like I said in my comments, honestly, Nick, true certainty here will come with moving through this process as quickly as we can, doing it right, and getting to the finish line. And I'm really pleased that we're certainly a lot closer to the finish line on TKM, as you saw from our having made the filing last year. We are approaching that important milestone with Woolsey, where we'll be ready to do our filing, and we continue to be on track to do that in Q3. Every quarter, we'll continue to test things. And by definition, if we're giving you the best estimate we can, it means that it has probably an equal chance of reality being higher or being lower, right? So we'll continue to retest that every quarter, but again, our focus is on completing the process and getting this fully behind us.

And maybe, Nick, just one other thing to underscore Pedro's comment about completion driving final certainty. I'll point out two numbers that we've already said today on the call. Individual plaintiffs are the largest component of what's going on here. 97% of the TKM individual plaintiffs have been settled, and 86% of the Woolsey individual plaintiffs have been settled. So that's really what's driving us to also comment that we're on track for a Q3 filing for Woolsey cost recovery.

Okay. Thank you for the information there. And then, you know, as I kind of think about the balance sheet impacts and, you know, I think it's good to see that you're still committed to just only $100 million of, you know, equity a year here. That's not changing. You just got the 14% to 15% range, as you kind of talked about on the FFO to debt side in your prepared remarks. Just net of discharge, where do you stand in the ranges now, and then what are the drivers to put you higher or lower as we get through the year and into 25?

Sure. I think the latest report that I've seen from S&P actually has just over 14% FFO to debt, so above their downgrade threshold range. 15% to 17% FFO to debt is still our objective. financing plan that we provided last quarter and that we have again in the materials for this quarter is consistent with moving into that range over the next several years. We're making good progress on that as we continue to get claims put behind us, but also as we continue to recover those memo accounts. $4 billion over the last three years, $2 billion more through 2025. That plus the growing rate base and the ability to earn on that and depreciation, etc., that's really moving us through that. We've tested a lot of different scenarios, and that's how we came up with $100 million of equity every year through 2028.

Thanks for taking my questions today.

Thanks, Nick.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Michael Lonegan with Evercore. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. On the best estimate of losses for Wolseley, you spoke about, you know, a limited number of plaintiffs that have received extensions. Just wondering if you could share more detail about that, the kind of visibility you have into that, because obviously those losses, you know, would probably be harder to estimate.

Yeah, so the process that we went through with the deadline in February, I think as we noted, a couple of times in the past. When people put their information in, sometimes they put in 100% what we've asked for, sometimes they put in less than what we've asked for, and sometimes they ask for extensions. In this case, a number of plaintiffs did receive extensions. We know some things about their claims. We've been able to group them, but we will get more information as they get to their claims deadlines, which are over the next couple of months. The work that we've done to evaluate them is similar to the work that we've done in prior quarters. We've taken the experience that we've had across a broad range of claims, and obviously we keep settling more claims so we have more information. And we've applied that understanding to these other demands. Again, we will get more information about those as we progress through the next quarter.

Great. Thank you. And then secondly from me, you've spoken about filing standalone applications for the $2-plus billion of you know, incremental capital for NextGen ERP and the AMI 2.0 programs. Just wondering if you could, if you have a more specific timeline on when you plan to file these applications, when they could be, you know, rolled into your plan, and how much incremental equity, you know, we could potentially expect to finance it.

Sure. So, we are expecting that the NextGen ERP application, late 2024, and that the AMI, the smart meter application, would be in 2025. Across the two of them, a couple billion dollars in capital. As we think about financing for those additional or incremental capital requirements, obviously, SCE will always finance in accordance with its authorized capital structure, and we'll see where we are in terms of our credit metrics. As I said, we're growing strongly into our credit metric range. And as long as we can stay in that range, we'll be minimizing the amount of equity that would otherwise be required for those incremental capital opportunities.

Great. Thanks for taking my question.

Thanks, Michael. Thank you. Our next question comes from Greg Orle with UBS. Your line is open.

Hi. Thank you. Just wondering if there's anything to be watching for in terms of trends on transmission capex through the CalISO planning process or otherwise that you're thinking about? Thank you.

Yeah, maybe I'll start on that one, and Steve Powell might have thoughts as well. So you've seen that the CalISO has really over the last few years fully engaged in the long-term planning process. I think they recognize, along with other parties in the state, that In order to help the state achieve its net zero goals by 2045, there's a lot of work to be done. And our own countdown to 2045 white paper last fall had a pretty significant investment need statewide for the wires to make all of this work. So we estimate that the rate of transmission of emissions will need to be four times what they've been historically. So you've seen that there's been now a couple of plans that the Cal ISA has cycled through in the last couple of years. I think Maria mentioned already, or certainly it's in our materials, but you see there's something like $2 billion of capital for something like 17 projects where SCE is entitled to the right of first refusal as an incumbent to do the work. So we expect that SCE will do that work. In addition, CalISO has a competitive solicitation process for projects that are new, that are not extensions of existing projects. SCE now has one application pending waiting to hear on in this current process. But, you know, Steve, I know that as you engage with Cal-ICE and your team, maybe comment more on what's next in terms of their continued planning process.

Yeah, so the KITO runs its annual transmission planning process each year, and so you can look to each year having that plan come out. In the most recent plan that was released for the 23-24 cycle, Most of the projects are up in Northern California, although there was about $90 million of incumbent projects for SCE to build in our territory. So each of those plans will identify additional opportunities for us. We'll evaluate if we participate in future competitive solicitations on those. In the longer term, the KITO also does a 20-year outlook. And the last 20-year outlook, which came out a couple years ago, pointed towards about $30 billion of investment needed in transmission over the next 20 years. The KICE is in the process of updating that outlook. They put out some draft information recently, but really they'll have a final report in June that will give you more of the 20-year outlook. But it continues to show a need for more and more resources to fulfill the clean energy targets that was backed by a whole lot of transmission.

Okay, thanks.

Thanks, Greg.

Thank you. Our next question comes from with JP Morgan. Your line is open.

Hi, Jeremy. Hi. Good afternoon. How are you?

I'm well. How are you doing?

Good. Just wanted to start off with, I guess, a broader question and just with summer approaching, Can you provide an update on fire conditions you're seeing across your territory right now and I guess overall expectations into the season given all the de-risking as has been accomplished over time?

I'll answer your question quickly and then I'll follow up with the real message I want you to walk away with. The quick answer is I think the latest stuff I've seen published suggests that it seems to be an average or maybe even a little bit below average risk season. That's not the real message I want you to walk away with. We know that in the years ahead with climate change, we're going to see increased, not decreased, climate-driven wildfire risk conditions. Our Adapting for Tomorrow white paper a couple years ago pointed to something like a 20% increase in climate-driven wildfire risk to 2050. And so the real headline here is the stuff I talked about in my prepared remarks. The amount of hardening we've done the 85% to 88% risk that we've taken off the table. And that doesn't even include the risk taken off the table by the state having doubled down on its firefighting capabilities. So, you know, obviously it's interesting, and I know investors ask us from time to time, how does this year look or how does any given year look? But frankly, I think that it's less and less the question, and more and more the question you should be asking is, how are we continuing to do in our hardening and our other measures? And I think we're doing well there.

And, Pedro, even with all of the risk reduction, we're constantly vigilant. So just to underscore that point. We're continuing not just to do more and more grid hardening, but also refining our models, looking at new technologies. I think that's some of what you can see when you look at the S&P report as well. It's just that ongoing attention that we are paying to every aspect of mitigating the risk.

And using new technologies at it, right? So it was nice, as you said, Maria, to have S&P recognize that. You know, think about PSPS. That's been an important tool, but now it only accounts for something like 10% of our overall risk reduction. And, you know, we continue to look for ways to refine that and minimize the potential impact to customers. The other thing I share is that, and Steve Powell is playing a leading role in this, we're making sure we're sharing our learnings with the rest of the industry because this is no longer a California problem. It's no longer a Western issue. It's a national level issue. And so we're proud that through EEI, which I'm chairing EEI through June of this year, but Steve is co-chairing a CEO task force at EEI that's helping to share best practices across the industry as well as have a discussion on whether other states or the federal level, we could find a way to have liability protections like the things that we were able to achieve in California through AB 1054. So, you know, we take leadership here seriously. It's not just about protecting our customers, but making sure that we're sharing that with the rest of the industry.

Got it. That kind of hits my second question, but maybe just to continue with that, on the national level, do you see movement in D.C., and could we actually get policymakers moving in that direction to develop something that, you know, comprehensive nationwide, you know, approach here? Just wondering, you know, given how divisive politics are today, if you think that could – actually be in motion at some point.

Yes, so 3EEI, we're really engaged on that, and a number of Capitol Hill visits. And look, you know, you're right. It's kind of hard to get a national budget passed these days, right? So it is a challenging environment in Capitol Hill. On the other hand, this is not a single-state issue anymore. It's multiple states. They're red, blue, and everything in between, right? And so I think there's increasing recognition that there is a challenge here that needs a national solution Still framing that up, but I will point to the fact that there's examples for other risks across the economy where there is a national-level solution. Think about managing nuclear operating risk and the Price-Anderson Act as an example. Steve, I know you've been engaged in a number of these Capitol Hill discussions as well. Anything you'd add?

I'd just say right now we've been really focused on education about how the risk is evolving and the mitigations that the industry is taking to manage the physical risk itself. In terms of the financial risk, I know that different states are approaching it in different ways. We'll look for ways that you can combine what's being done at the state level with potentially complementary efforts at the federal level. Some of the things that I know there's interest on the Hill is in things like being able to remove timber, and there's lots of tactical things around permitting and allowing utilities to effectively streamline the process to get their work done in high-fire areas. In terms of more of the financial solution, again, I think there's a lot of work to be done even just to shape what the ask is, and it'll take some time, but it's most likely to be some combination of state solutions with attempts at the federal level.

Got it. That's very helpful. And just a quick point of clarification, if I could, with regards to the deadline for the plaintiff extensions there. I think it might have said in the coming months is the deadline. Is there any specific date and time that we should be looking for there?

Right now, the deadlines are all over the next couple of months, but we'll keep you posted.

Got it. Thank you.

Hey, thanks for the good questions, Jeremy.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ryan Levine with Citi. Your line is open.

Hi, everybody. Maybe interesting in terms of the cost structure. It looked like your O&M numbers ticked up year over year and your footnotes point to inspection and maintenance costs being higher this quarter. Is there anything to read into that or any color you could share around what's driving some of the escalation on your costs?

Yeah. So a lot of that sometimes has to do with exactly when in each quarter you're booking the cost. So some of it's just timing differences year over year. That can be driven by weather. In years where there's worse weather than not, you're going to do less work, and then in another year you can do more work. So I think our cost structure is not changing per se. In fact, our focus is on how to actually streamline all of those processes and reduce the cost over time. So nothing to read into that.

And then in terms of wildfire mitigation plans more broadly, to the extent that this becomes a more national issue, initiative for utilities around the country. Are there opportunities to streamline maybe the cost of implementation or any iterations that you can anticipate as it becomes more of a nationwide phenomenon?

So maybe a couple angles on that. One is, and I think you heard us say this earlier, Ryan, our team continues to look constantly for how do we refine, improve, how do we use new technologies, etc., So maybe part of your question comes from a place of, I'll make it up a little bit, and you tell me if this is the kind of thing you're thinking about. To the extent that you have technologies that end up being deployed on a more mass scale across multiple states, in theory, conceptually, that might lead to maybe some streamlining of those costs if you have greater adoption driving greater scale. But I think from an SCE perspective, the team there is very focused on constantly turning the crank, refining our view of the risk, refining the view of the models underlying our description of that risk, and then prioritizing and reprioritizing the capital and O&M commitments that we make towards further reducing that risk. Steve, anything else?

Yeah, Ryan, and maybe as I think about the experience we've been through and the focus we have on both balancing affordability as we make sure we're mitigating the wildfire risk You know, it starts for any utility that's going down the path of making the right decisions around the risk mitigations you deploy. So, for example, for us, you know, on our grid hardening side, covered conductor is a very cost-effective way for us to address the risks that we face. They look different for different utilities. As you get into things like inspections, it's the things we've done around combining our aerial and our ground inspections, so we're having to go out fewer times to do the inspections. The tools we use to do that are ones that certainly, if they're able to help us bring the cost down, As more and more people are developing those, those may improve and we may have more opportunities. There's areas as you begin to go broader around, for example, veg management and how you do those inspections. So the detection, whether it's using LiDAR or satellite, with the whole industry focused on those, those will advance faster and allow us to lower the cost. So we will definitely learn from others and they'll learn from us as we try to both deploy the most effective wildfire mitigation but bring the cost of all of them down.

Maybe, Steve, one final thought I would add is it's not just about what we as the industry are doing along with technology partners, but it's also about the government's role in this. And, you know, you might know I co-chair the Electricity Subsector Coordinating Council, which is the CEO-led group that's really the partnership between the industry and the federal government on matters of physical and cybersecurity and resiliency. And so DOE is our sponsoring agency for our sector. And they've been a really good partner in engaging around how do we think about technologies, how do we get access to federal resources, a lot of work to be done in areas like vegetation where there's more work and more progress to be made in working with, say, the Forest Service or the Bureau of Land Management. But particularly DOE has been a great partner in looking at how we bring these sort of benefits and scale to all states that need it. And so we will continue that partnership, and it makes everybody safer.

Thanks for taking my questions.

Thanks, Ryan.

Thank you. That was our last question. I'll now turn the call back to Mr. Sam Ramraj.

Thank you for joining us. This concludes the conference call. Have a good rest of the day. You may now disconnect.