Evercore Inc.

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And welcome to the Evercore fourth quarter 2024 and full year earnings conference call. Today's call is scheduled to last about one hour, including remarks by Evercore management and the question and answer session. In order to ask a question, please press the star key followed by the number one on your touchtone phone at any time. I will now turn to Katie Haber, Managing Director of Investor Relations in ESG Evercore. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Good morning and thank you for joining us today for Evercore's fourth quarter and full year 2024 financial results conference call. I'm Katie Haber, Evercore's head of Investor Relations and ESG. Joining me on the call today is John Weinberg, our chairman and CEO, and Tim Lalonde, our CFO. After our prepared remarks, we'll open the call for questions. Earlier today, we issued a press release announcing Evercore's fourth quarter and full year 2024 financial results. Our discussion of our results today is complementary to the press release, which is available on our website at evercore.com. This conference call is being webcast live in the For Investors section of our website, and an archive of it will be available for 30 days beginning approximately one hour after the conclusion of this call. During the course of this conference call, we may make a number of forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements that we make are subject to various risks and uncertainties, and there are important factors that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Evercourse filings with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K. I want to remind you that the company assumes no duty to update any forward-looking statements. In our presentation today, unless otherwise indicated, we will be discussing adjusted financial measures, which are non-GAAP measures that we believe are meaningful when evaluating the company's performance. For detailed disclosures on these measures and the GAAP reconciliations, you should refer to the financial data contained within our press release, which is posted on our website. We continue to believe that it is important to evaluate Evercore's performance on an annual basis. As we have noted previously, our results for any particular quarter are influenced by the timing of transaction closing. I will now turn the call over to John.

Thank you, Katie, and good morning, everyone. 2024 marked a year of significant improvement across both the macroeconomic landscape and the broader capital markets. We saw strengths across all of our businesses, and as a result, 2024 was Evercore's second best year ever for revenue, with firm-wide adjusted net revenues of just over $3 billion. In the year, we also advised on three of the seven largest global M&A deals and continued to gain market share in terms of advisory fees. we've continued to intensively cover our clients while broadening our coverage across the entire platform. Over the past several years, we have meaningfully invested in the business and we continue to broaden and deepen our products and capabilities. This has contributed to a significant diversification in our total revenue base. On average, over the past five years and in 2024, more than 40% of our total revenues were from non-M&A sources. We are pleased with the progress we've made in the past year. As we enter 2025, we are optimistic. Market trends continue to improve with increased CEO confidence levels, healthy sponsor dialogue activity, continued financing availability, and overall a strong macroeconomic backdrop. Our robust backlogs continue to strengthen, positioning us for what we believe will be a healthy environment in our advisory and capital markets businesses. While some geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainties persist, we anticipate the deal-making environment will continue to gradually improve throughout the year, building on the momentum of the past 12 months. So far this year, we were lead financial advisor to Calpine on its sale to Constellation Energy for $29.1 billion, the largest announced deal to date. These activity levels reflect our strong client relationships, ongoing coverage efforts, and building client dialogues. Shifting to talent, 2024 was another successful recruiting year for Evercore, marking our second largest class of investment banking senior managing director new hires. For the year, nine investment banking SMDs and one senior advisor have started or committed to join the firm. Since our last earnings call, one SMD committed to join our healthcare coverage team and will be starting later this year. We have a strong pipeline of external recruits and we are continuing to add and promote high quality senior talent to our firm. We're excited to begin 2025 with 11 newly promoted SMDs in our global investment banking business across sectors and capabilities. Over the past three years, we've recruited nearly 30 SMDs and senior advisors externally and promoted more than 30 SMDs internally for a total of approximately 60 new senior bankers on our platform. Attracting and developing the highest quality talent has always been a core priority for us, and we believe this remains one of the most vital aspects for future growth and our competitive positioning. Let me briefly discuss the key highlights from the quarter and year. Overall, Evercore had its strongest quarter for revenue since the fourth quarter of 2021 and experienced a continuation of the momentum that we've been building throughout the year. In strategic advisory, we continue to observe a strengthening environment, and we've advised on a number of notable and complex transactions, including some materials on its sale to QuickReit for $11.5 billion, Warner Brothers Discovery on its new corporate structure, highlighting extensive collaboration across several teams throughout the firm, Vivendi on the partial demergers of Canal Plus and Louis Hachet, and spinoff of Avast, representing a notable deal for our newly established team in Paris. the European advisory business continued to see momentum build in the fourth quarter and finished the year with a strong backlog for 2025. There are some signs that market trends and sentiment in Europe are improving. However, they lag those in the United States. While industry-wide sponsor activity continues to gradually build, our financial sponsors team experienced increasing levels of client dialogues into year end and so far this year. Whether related to M&A, continuation funds, equity underwriting, liability management, or private capital markets, we believe we are well positioned to serve our sponsor clients as activity levels continue to build in 2025. We continue to invest in our financial sponsors team, and we're excited for what this expanded group will accomplish over time. Our strategic defense and shareholder advisory business had a strong finish to the year, having advised on some of the largest activist defenses in 2024. Global activist campaigns remain elevated and we expect these heightened activity levels to continue. Liability management and restructuring had an exceptional year with liability management among sponsor clients continuing to be a primary driver of activity. We believe our firm's extensive expertise and integrated approach to advising clients will drive continued success. Our industry-leading private capital advisory and private funds group both achieved record years. In PCA, we observed strong performance across both GP and LP businesses, driven by record volumes We are starting 2025 with a strong pipeline. Additionally, our structured capital solutions business is building in momentum as we head into 2025. In PFG, the fundraising environment has improved marginally, and we expect similar trends to continue as sponsor and broader M&A activity increases. Activity for this group continues to broaden as we add new clients. The underwriting business had a stronger year as equity issuance activity bounced back in 2024, particularly among follow-ons. We continue to elevate our role and increase our share of deal economics. Diversifying our ECM sector exposure beyond healthcare has been one of our primary strategic objectives in recent years. In 2024, over 50% of our underwriting revenue came from other sectors, with significant contribution from energy, tech, and financials. We were a book runner on nearly all of our ECM transactions in the year, and we were pleased to be left lead on six of them, reflecting continued progress. Notably, we were left lead book runner on Diamondback Energy's $2.6 billion follow-on, which was the largest E&P follow-on in history. We and the market anticipate 2025 will be a stronger year for ECM industry-wide, particularly the IPO market. Our equities franchise had its best year since 2016 with broad-based strength across our research and execution products. For the third consecutive year, our research team was recognized as the number one firm on a weighted basis by Extel, formerly known as Institutional Investor. Additionally, we had the most number one ranked analysts on Wall Street for the second year in a row. This is an extraordinary achievement, and we are very proud of our team. Lastly, in wealth management, we ended the year with record revenues and assets under management of $13.9 billion. Our client engagement levels remain strong, and we are focused on supporting our clients through all market conditions. Before I turn it over to Tim to discuss the financial results, I want to wrap up with a few points. Looking ahead, we are optimistic for both the market and our business. We believe we are still in the early stages of recovery and expect it to gradually build throughout 2025 and beyond. We have an exceptionally strong team of senior bankers in the industry with 144 investment banking senior managing directors, which does not include our most recent promotion class, and it's over 25% more SMDs than in the end of 2021. We believe we are better positioned today than at any time in our history for what lies ahead. we remain committed to executing our growth strategy with a focus on continuing to improve our expense margins and enhance shareholder value over time. With that, let me turn it over to Tim.

Thank you, John. Our fourth quarter and full year financial results reflect the building momentum we experienced in 2024 with net revenues higher each quarter, both sequentially and year over year. As the market environment continues on its path to recovery, we remain committed to strategically investing in our growth and balancing that with responsible expense management and medium to long-term value creation for our shareholders. In 2024, we made meaningful progress on our adjusted comp and non-comp expense ratios, improving them by 190 basis points and more than 90 basis points, respectively. This has resulted in a 280 basis point improvement in our adjusted operating margin versus 2023. As I have discussed throughout the past year, we are focused on making further improvement on our margins and we expect this to occur gradually over the near to medium term. With that, I will now discuss our fourth quarter and full year financial results. For the fourth quarter of 2024, net revenues, operating income, and EPS on a GAAP basis were $975 million, $213 million, and $3.30 per share respectively. For the full year, net revenues, operating income, and EPS on a GAAP basis were $3 billion $527 million, and $9.08 per share, respectively. My comments from here will focus on non-GAAP metrics, which we believe are useful when evaluating our results. Our standard GAAP reporting and a reconciliation of GAAP to adjusted results can be found in our press release, which is on our website. Fourth quarter adjusted net revenues of $981 million increased 24% versus the fourth quarter of 2023. On a full year basis, adjusted net revenues of $3 billion increased 23% compared to last year. Fourth quarter adjusted operating income of $218 million increased 76% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. adjusted earnings per share of $3.41 increased 69% versus the fourth quarter last year. For the full year, adjusted operating income of $557 million increased 45% and adjusted earnings per share of $9.42 increased 46% versus the full year 2023. Our adjusted operating margin was 22.2% for the fourth quarter, up 650 basis points versus the fourth quarter of 2023. And the full-year adjusted operating margin was 18.6%. And as I mentioned earlier, up 280 basis points versus the 2023 full-year result. Turning to the businesses, Fourth quarter adjusted advisory fees of $850 million increased 29% year over year, representing our second strongest quarter on record. Adjusted advisory fees were $2.4 billion for the full year, up 24% compared to 2023, and our strongest year behind 2021. By our estimates, we increased our market share again this year and further close the gap between us and the largest investment banks. Our fourth quarter underwriting fees were $26 million, up 38% from a year ago. For the full year, underwriting revenues were $157 million, up 41% versus last year, reflecting improved market conditions and the investments we have made in this business. Commissions and related revenue of $58 million in the fourth quarter was up 4% year-over-year. For the full year, commissions and related revenue of $214 million were up 6% compared to 2023, representing our best result since 2016. Fourth quarter and full year adjusted asset management and administration fees of $22 million and $85 million, respectively, both increased 16% versus the prior year period. Fourth quarter adjusted other revenue net was approximately $24 million, which compares to $37 million a year ago. For the full year, adjusted other revenue net was $105 million compared to $98 million last year. Approximately 70% of the other revenue in 2024 was interest income, and about 30% was a gain on our DCCP hedge. Turning to expenses, the adjusted compensation ratio for the fourth quarter was 65.2%. 560 basis points below last year's fourth quarter. Our full year adjusted compensation ratio was 65.7%, 190 basis points lower than in 2023. We are pleased with the improvement we made in 2024, but not satisfied, and we are working hard to make additional progress over the near to medium term. However, as we remain focused on investing in the growth of our firm, progress will continue to be gradual. As a reminder, each of the past two years were years of significant investment in building out our SMD ranks with top-quality talent. And we are balancing strategic investment in our business with expense management with the objective of providing first-rate advice and execution to our clients while maximizing overall value creation for our shareholders. Shifting to non-compensation expenses, fourth quarter and full year expenses were $123 million and $471 million, respectively, both up 16% from the relevant prior year period. The increases in our full-year non-compensation expenses were primarily driven by revenue and activity-related costs. First, an increase in professional fees related to higher client-related expenses and search and placement fees. The combination of revenues up 23% and strong SMD hiring contributed to this. Travel and travel-related expenses were up 23% year over year, and the number of trips up 19%. This is also correlated with stronger business and higher revenue levels. As a reminder, the recovery of client reimbursable expenses is reflected in the revenue line and is not netted against non-comp expenses. On a per employee basis, our fourth quarter non-comp expenses are about 7% higher than the year ago fourth quarter, and only about 1% higher than they were in the fourth quarter of 2019, the pre-COVID year. We have improved our non-comp ratio consistently each quarter this year, ending with a full year adjusted ratio of 15.7%. This compares favorably to our pre-COVID non-comp expense ratio levels, consistent with our commentary earlier this year. Our adjusted tax rate for the quarter was 27.3%, down from 28.9% last quarter and up from 25.3% in the fourth quarter of last year. The full-year adjusted tax rate was 21.8%, versus 23.4% last year, largely due to tax benefits related to the appreciation in the share price upon vesting of RSU grants. Turning to our balance sheet, as of December 31st, our cash and investment securities totaled $2.4 billion, which is about $350 million higher than last year's levels at year end. In 2024, we returned a total of $591 million to shareholders through dividends and repurchases of 2.3 million shares at an average price of $193.40. Our fourth quarter diluted share count increased a little over 1% from the third quarter to 45 million. For the full year, our share count is up 1.3 million shares versus the year prior, primarily due to the impact of our higher share price on unvested awards, which are accounted for under the Treasury stock method. We remain committed to repurchasing shares to offset dilution from our RSU year-end bonus grants. And in fact, in each of the past four years, we have repurchased a number of shares greater than that, and we would expect to do so again in 2025. We are pleased with our performance in 2024, and we believe we are well positioned to continue delivering strong results in the coming year and beyond. We expect this to be supported by an improving market environment and investments we have made in our business, which we believe will benefit our clients, our shareholders, and our firm. With that, we will now open the line for questions.

Thank you. We will now conduct the question and answer portion of the conference. Please limit to one question only. You are welcome to rejoin the queue for additional questions, time permitting. Again, in order to ask a question, please press the star key followed by one on your touchtone phone. Our first question is from Mike Brown with Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead.

Okay, great. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. So, Tim, I wanted to maybe start with a question on the comp ratio. So, as you noted, you delivered almost 200 basis points of comp ratio improvement in 2024. You referenced a expectation for gradual improvement in the margins. I wanted to ask, you know, what's – as you stand here today, what's your expectation for that improvement in 2025? Would kind of that level, that 200 basis point level, be what you would consider gradual improvement? Or if the revenue environment is strong, could it actually be better than that? Thank you.

Yeah, thanks for your question, Mike. Yeah, and as you did point out, last year we were at 67.6. This year, of course, it's 65.7, 190 basis point improvement. I would characterize that as a meaningful improvement. As we've mentioned in the past, we've talked about gradual improvement as our business continues to build, and we think that was a reflection of kind of the commentary we had provided and the results we were expecting. And I would say for 2025, though we don't give guidance, I would say we're striving hard to achieve meaningful improvement again this year. And as the year progresses, we'll have better visibility on that.

Thank you. Thank you. And our next question comes from Brennan Hawkin with UBS. Please go ahead.

Good morning, John. Good morning, Tim. Thanks for taking my question. So appreciate the color, Tim, on the comp ratio right there in something you're striving to put up a similar level of leverage as you did in 2024. I know that there's all sorts of different factors that come into play, and recruiting and retention of talent can be a big one. Can you talk about what your expectations are for recruiting in the coming year? And last quarter you spoke to the need to step up retention efforts and how that impacted the comp expense. Could you give us a little texture around what kind of impact we saw there and what we should expect into 2025? Yeah, sure.

Thanks for the question, Brent. Look, by the way, again, I'd like to start with a little historical context, which is I think we've been pleased with the results of our recruiting effort over these last couple of years, particularly in a competitive environment for talent. I think that we're working just as hard at it this year, that we're still on plan and on pace to try to continue to work hard to build the business. We have a pipeline of candidates, but not unlike M&A transactions until you actually get it across the line. They're simply prospects. But we are in a number of discussions and working hard at it. And I think it does, of course, impact the compensation line. And what we're trying to do, and I've kind of said this in the past is, is not trying to, we're being careful not to suboptimize, which is we're not focused on any single ratio, but instead on value creation. And, uh, you know, it, it, I think, you know, you could probably run the numbers, you know, about what the market is for hiring talent. Um, you've seen what our results have been over the past two or three years. And, uh, And then from there, you can extrapolate what the math is. But it does have an impact. But we're trying to balance the hiring and the cost associated with that hiring with the benefit of building our business and achieving improved growth.

Go ahead. Brennan, what I would want to communicate is that our commitment to recruiting remains very robust and we are going to continue to look for the highest quality people and continue to aggressively recruit them. I think that the recruiting environment remains very competitive and I think that what we will continue to do is continue to add those high quality people with the intention of really continuing to drive our growth. And as you may know, I think we said this, but we've been ramping quite a bit. We have 30 senior managing directors ramping right now. We've brought in 60 new people and also promotes over the last three years. And so we have quite a bit of people coming in and really getting up to speed. But I would say that that's going to continue. The big difference, I think, is that I think the environment is very competitive, and I can't really give you a good sense as to how that will play out in terms of numbers, but I think you can anticipate we're going to be performing at about the same level.

Yeah, and given an activity is going to pick up, I can't imagine it will get easier to recruit. So thanks for taking my question. Yeah.

Thank you. And we will take our next question from Devin Ryan with Citizens JMP. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning, Jack. Good morning, Tim. Question just on the M&A backdrop and specifically larger deals. Obviously, Evercore advised on, I think, three of the top seven transactions in 2024. So I'm just curious if you're seeing any shifts in the market around the largest deals post-election relative to maybe smaller deals, just given the changes at the FTC and expected changes in regulation, and just how that's kind of evolving within Evercore's pipeline specifically, or whether there's other factors that are maybe driving that as well. Thanks.

Sure, Devin. We see continuing robust activity at the board level and with management teams. I think that what we've said is that that our backlog continues to strengthen and i think that the the large deals are a big part of the backlog so we i would i really believe that the environment is probably going to uh trend toward getting better but clearly we're all watching it's too early to really predict but i think most people would say and i think we would agree with that there will be a loosening up of some of the regulatory overlay, and that there'll be more of a possibility. And I think that the clients that we're dealing with would really say the same thing. My own personal experience is that management teams are very much looking at doing things And that really across the board, whether it's big strategics or whether it's sponsors, leadership teams are really looking at building the activity level. So I think we remain very optimistic and believe there could be very much a build through the balance of the year.

Excellent. Thank you.

Thank you. And we will take our next question from James Yarrow with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Good morning, and thanks for taking my question. I have a high-level one and then a related, more nuanced question. John, maybe you could just speak to how much of an acceleration you're seeing in M&A today relative to the start of 2024 and perhaps which areas you're seeing activity improve most. And then zooming in, advisory results in the quarter evidence the momentum you spoke about in your prepared remarks. I just wanted to confirm whether there might be any or not any meaningful pull forward in M&A that contributed to the results this quarter.

Sure. In terms of pull forward, not a particularly large amount. I mean, we don't usually comment on pull forward, but generally speaking, this was really not out of the ordinary. In fact, I'd say it was on the smaller side. But let me just get to the acceleration. What we've found is that really across the board, our businesses are really very active. And whereas I would say that January didn't have a high volume of announcements coming out, really on any side, whether it was the equity side or the merger side, the activity level remains very robust for us. And I don't think it's really slowing down. And I don't think that would change our view that we've articulated, which is that we see a continued build throughout the balance of this year. And it's really, for our businesses, it's across the board. I think that virtually every one of our businesses is doing quite well now. And so I don't really, I wouldn't really say that there is a specific business which is doing better. In terms of, you know, sectors, You know, there is just a lot of activity throughout the sectors, whether it's on the technology side or the healthcare side or whether it's in general industrials. We're seeing activity across the board. So, I don't think I'd make a distinction at this point.

That's very helpful. Thanks, John.

Thank you. And we will take our next question from Brendan O'Brien with Wolf Research. Please go ahead.

Good morning and thanks for taking my question. I appreciate the point you made earlier on the 60 SMDs that you've added in the past three years. And that feels like to me that at least that this means there's a higher percentage of your current SMD base ramping today than at any point in your recent history, which would suggest significant embedded growth potential within the firm. However, despite that, your productivity is actually not that far off your long-term average. So I just was hoping you could give some context around how the percentage of your ramping SMDs today compares to, you know, your long-term average and whether with this level of new joiners you still think you can get back to, you know, or up to around a $20 million productivity level in the near to intermediate term.

Well, I would just say that first to start with, we do have a large number of people ramping. So much of that, the ramp, has to do with the market and the opportunity that the market affords us. I'm very pleased with the new people we've added. In fact, there are some really interesting and exciting transactions in-house that have been generated by that group. And so I'm quite confident that that group is going to really start to drive productivity. I think that really on all measures the business is just getting more and more active and higher quality. The productivity is really a function as much of the level of revenue because really the more active the market becomes, the more our people can generate. You know, at this point we're in the high teens now. And through the cycle, we've been able to get up to into the 20s. And I don't really see that I would veer from that. I believe that that's where we could go. And I think that we actually have people in place that as the market recovers and announcements start to come in, that we're going to be driving more revenue.

Yeah, look, and I would agree with that. I think that if you think about this market recovery, and we've talked about the gradual build, but we think we're still in the relatively earlier stages of that build.

And I think that that would auger well for what we hope will be continued improvement in the productivity ratio.

Thank you for taking my questions.

Thank you. And we will take our next question from Aiden Hall with KBW. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you. Morning, John, Tim, Katie. Hope everyone's well. Just wanted to ask on the private capital advisory business. Obviously, Evercore is a market leader in the space, seen really strong results, both in PCA and PFG. But there's increasing competition from the success of the secondaries market and broader industry volumes. You know, there's been some announcements of larger banks moving in with more targeted efforts in this area of advisory. Curious how you think about your competitive advantage in the space and ability to defend that market share.

Well, last year we had record years in both our private both of our private capital advisory businesses. And I think we are very optimistic really about each one of those businesses going forward. In terms of market position, we are competing very effectively for new business and clients. And I think each of the business leaders in those business units really have a great deal of optimism in terms of how they're going to continue to build the business. As you may have seen that, you know, in terms of the continuation fund activity level, it's quite high right now. And I think that we're adding, continue to add new products, you know, in the PCA area, whether that's structured capital solutions or whether it's collateralized fund applications. And then in PFG, what you're really seeing is that the aperture is opening and we're getting we're bringing in more business to actually raise money for different funds. And so our activity level in the private funds group is building. So I would say, yes, it's getting more competitive. It's very competitive. But right now we're competing very well, and our business leaders feel really good about our market position.

Right. Now, I would just say that, you know, reiterate that last year was a record year for us. This year is starting strong, and we're pleased with what we see in the pipeline, and that we believe we're in the midst of a secular growth trend in this area. And so notwithstanding the increased levels of competition, we still feel pretty good about the outlook.

Appreciate the color. Thanks for taking my question.

Thank you. And as a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press the star and 1 on your telephone keypad now. And we will take our next question from Ryan Kinney with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. So I just want to dig in on the pace of activity built in 25 in both M&A and equity capital markets. You mentioned January announcements were a bit weaker for the industry and you used the word gradual. So really want to understand whether recent market volatility around tariffs and AI developments had any impact on the first quarter. Any risks we should keep in mind as we think about that pace of build through 2025?

Recognizing that January has been a little bit slower, we continue to think there's going to be a gradual build. And I don't think we're really coming off that. We don't at this point see that tariffs are impacting the activity level of dialogues and really preparing for doing things. We see it both in the strategics as well as financial sponsors. So we see activity levels continuing to build. And, you know, the dialogue on deals is very relevant right now. In the equity capital market space, the same thing. We see a build and we see that as the balance of the year goes forward, we think it's going to continue to improve, that market's going to continue to improve. So I think generally, we don't think there's any disruption at this point. We think it's really going to continue on the pace that we've anticipated.

Thank you. And we will take a follow-up question from Devin Ryan with Citizens JMP. Please go ahead.

Great, thanks. Just a question on capital. So you obviously built $350 million of cash year-over-year. Appreciate you still need to pay bonuses, and so that will bring cash back down. But if we make some assumptions there, it would still seem like there was some excess capital build over the course of the year. So, I'm just kind of curious whether there would be any reason why you'd want to hold kind of a higher proportion of cash as you grow, or does that reflect maybe some of the uncertainty from 24? Maybe it's just timing. So, just love to get a sense on kind of how you're thinking about the excess capital position and kind of where you're entering 2025, because it would seem like it's up over 24. Thanks.

Yeah, sure, sure, Devin. Look, we do think there's been a healthy bill of cash. I kind of point out last year we've turned $591 million of capital to our shareholders through $144 million of dividends and $447 million in the form of share repurchases in our last four years. we've repurchased a number of shares in each case greater than the number of RSUs granted during the comp period. And we certainly would expect that that will be the case again this year and that we would expect to repurchase a number of shares greater than which would, of course, be a use of some of that cash buildup.

Got it. Okay. All right. Thank you.

Thank you. And we will take our next question from James Yarrow with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking the follow-up. Just on restructuring, that appears to have been quite strong across the industry this quarter. I would love to get your perspective on whether that was the case for you. But then, as you think about the outlook for restructuring, how do you think about the ability for that business to stay at these elevated levels? Or or even potentially grow from here?

Well, last year we had a very strong year in restructuring. I think it was our second best year ever. And we continue to see activity level in that space to be very strong. And frankly, the business has changed a little bit in that it's not really just bankruptcies and restructuring companies. There's a lot of liability management that plays into it. And we've really structured ourselves so that we're talking to more clients about more critical aspects of their capital structure than ever before. So we see that the activity level is going to stay up for quite some time. I can't guarantee that it's always going to be at these levels, which are very healthy. But there's no question that I think what we're able to do, the service we're able to provide is more relevant and more expansive than it's been before, and our people are really marketing it that way.

Appreciate the call. Thanks, John.

Thank you. And this concludes today's Evercore Fourth Quarter 2024 and Full Year Earnings Conference call. You may now disconnect.