Comfort Systems USA, Inc.

Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the fourth quarter, 2024 Comfort System USA Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during this session, you'll need to press star 1-1 on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star 1-1 again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I'll now hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Julie Shafe, Chief Executive County Officer. Please go ahead.

Thanks, Marvin. Good morning. Welcome to Comfort Systems USA's fourth quarter and full year 2024 earnings call. Our comments today, as well as our press releases, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the applicable securities laws and regulations. What we will say today is based upon the current plans and expectations of Comfort Systems USA. Those plans and expectations include risks and uncertainties that might cause actual future activities and results of our operations to be materially different from those in these comments. You can read a detailed listing and commentary concerning our specific risk factors in our most recent form 10-K, as well as in our press release covering these earnings. A slide presentation is provided as a companion to our remarks and is posted on the investor relations section of the company's website found at ComfortSystemsUSA.com. Joining me on the call today are Brian Lane, President and Chief Executive Officer, Trent McKenna, Chief Operating Officer, and Bill George, Chief Financial Officer. Brian will open our remarks.

All right, thanks, Julie. Good morning and thank you for joining our call today. Last night, we reported record annual and fourth quarter earnings and exceptional cash flow thanks to excellent execution by our superb teams across the United States. Same store revenue growth for the fourth quarter was 22% and our margins were amazing. We earned $4.09 per share this quarter, up 60% from last year, and $14.60 per share for the year compared to $9.01 from 2023. Backlog at the end of the year grew to a new all-time high of $6 billion. Our backlog is broadly based and we continue to experience strength across virtually all sectors, including persistent strong demand from our technology customers. Thanks to strong fourth quarter bookings, we begin 2025 with same store growth in both sequential and -over-year backlog. 2024 operating cash flow was $849 million, laying a strong foundation for continued investment, and our ongoing cash flow strength is indicative of strong underlying trends in our execution, customer relationships, and prospects. Recently, acquired companies continue to surpass our expectations and we are pleased to announce that in January, we added Century Contractors as our newest partner company. Century is an outstanding, well-established mechanical contractor based in Charlotte, North Carolina, and we expect they will earn about $90 million of revenue this year. We also announced a quarterly dividend increase of five cents to 40 cents per share. This increase reflects our strong cash flow and like our share repurchases, it shows our commitment to reward our shareholders. I will discuss our business and outlook in a few minutes, but first I will turn this call over to Bill to review our financial performance. Thanks, Brian.

Results are fantastic this quarter capping a great year. Revenue for the fourth quarter of 2024 increased by 38% compared to last year to 1.9 billion. Full year revenue for 2024 was 7 billion, an increase of 35% compared to 2023. For the full year, our mechanical segment revenue increased by 40%, helped by acquisitions, modular expansion and substantial organic construction and service growth. Electrical segment revenue increased by 19%. Full year same store revenue increased by 23% or 1.2 billion. We'll face a tough comparable in 2025 and our best estimate is that same store revenue will continue to rise in 2025, most likely by high single digit percentage growth. Gross profit was 434 million for the fourth quarter of 2024, a $154 million improvement compared to a year ago. Our gross profit percentage grew to .2% this quarter compared to .6% for the fourth quarter of 2023. The quarterly gross profit percentage in our electrical segment improved to .1% this year compared to .9% last year. Margins in our mechanical segment also increased in the quarter to .4% compared to .8% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Full year gross profit increased by 486 million and our annual gross profit margin was 21% as compared to 19% in 2023. Our electrical margin was .1% for 2024 while mechanical was 20.2%. As we looked at 2025, we are optimistic that gross profit margins will continue to be in the strong range as we have achieved in comparable quarters last year. SG&A expense in the fourth quarter was 208 million or .1% of revenue compared to 160 million or .8% of revenue in the same quarter of 2023. For the full year, SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue was .4% down from .0% in 2023. For the full year and on a same store basis, SG&A was up 117 million due to ongoing investments to support our much higher activity levels. Quarterly operating income increased from 120 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 to 226 million for the fourth quarter of 2024, an 88% increase. Thanks to the jump in gross profit margins and favorable SG&A leverage, our operating income percentage increased to .1% this year from .9% in the prior year. For the full year, our operating income was 749 million and we achieved a remarkable operating income percentage of 10.7%. Our 2024 tax rate was 21.6%. We estimate that our tax rate in 2025 will be approximately 22 to 23%. After considering all these factors, net income for the fourth quarter of 2024 was 146 million or $4.09 per share. This is a 60% improvement in quarterly earnings per share from last year. Our full year earnings per share for 2024 were $14.60 compared to $9.01 per share in the prior year. So our annual EPS is up by over 60%. EBITDA increased by 85% to 261 million this quarter from 141 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Same story, EBITDA increased by over 50%. Full year 2024 EBITDA was 892 million and EBITDA margin was 12.7%, reflecting great execution by our teams and strong demand in our markets. Full year free cash flow for 2024 was a remarkable 744 million. We continue to benefit from advanced payments and operating cash flow. Again, FAR exceeded our earnings by 327 million on a trailing 12-month basis. So we are again well ahead of earnings in collecting our cash. In addition, our cash flow for the second half of 2024 was lifted by approximately 80 million of tax payments that we were allowed to defer until February of 2025 due to Hurricane Barrel. That catch-up payment has now been made and will reduce first quarter cash flow. Capital expenditures in 2024 were 111 million or a little over .5% of revenue and we continue to invest in our operations and purchase vehicles to support our service business. We increased our investment in share repurchases this year and returned $58 million to shareholders in 2024 by buying over 177,000 shares at an average price of $329. Since its start, our share purchase program has retired over 10.4 million shares at an average price of $31.41 and paid our shareholders more than $320 million. That's all I got, Brad.

All right, thanks, Bill. I am going to discuss our business and outlook. Backlog at the end of the fourth quarter was $6 billion, a same-story increase in both sequential and -over-year backlog. Fourth quarter bookings were strong, especially in the technology sector, and sequential backlog was up $300 million. Since last year, our backlog has increased by 800 million or 16%. On the same store basis, our backlog is now up by 400 million, 9% higher than at this time last year. Our overall backlog is broadly based and especially robust in our industrial sector. We are carefully selecting work that has good margins with good working conditions for our valuable workforce. Our revenue mix continues to trend towards the industrial sector, with this sector accounting for over 60% of our volume in 2024 and continues to be a major driver of pipeline backlog. Technology, which we include in industrial and which includes data centers and chip fab with 33% of our revenue, is substantial increase from 21% in the prior year, and advanced technology is now the largest component of our revenue. Institutional markets, including education, healthcare, and government, are also strong and represent 24% of our revenue. The commercial sector is active as well and now accounts for about 16% of revenue. Most of our service revenue is for commercial customers, so our commercial construction business is now relatively small. Construction accounted for 84% of our revenue, with projects for new buildings representing 56% and existing building construction 28%. Project pipelines remain at unprecedented levels. We include modular and new building construction, and yet a date modular was 17% of our revenue. Service revenue is up 8% this year on an absolute basis, but with faster growth in construction, service is now 16% of total revenue. Our overall service business achieved a record $1.1 billion in revenue for 2024, and service continues to be a growing and reliable source of profit and cashflow. With record broad-based backlog, healthy pipelines, persistent demand in advanced technology, on-shoring, and especially our unmatched workforce, we expect continuing strong results in 2025. I want to close by thanking our over 18,000 employees for their hard work and dedication. Our success is a direct result of the people that serve our customers every single day. I will now turn it back over to Marvin for questions. Thank you.

Thank you. At this time, we'll conduct the question and answer session. As a reminder to ask a question, you'll need to press star 1-1 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 1-1 again. Please stand by while I come out of the Q&A roster.

And our first question comes from the line of Brent Thielman of DA

Davidson. Your line is now open.

Thanks, good morning. Congrats on a great finish of the year.

Thanks, Brent.

I guess Brian or Bill, I mean, I think your comments on your ability to kind of sustain these elevated margin levels in 2025 is pretty notable. I'm just wondering, is that a function of the terms that you continue to see come in on new awards? Is it the schedules you see laid out for 2025 across the different territories? Just wanting to understand, gives you the confidence around that, just given such strong margins by historical standards.

Yeah, yeah, for sure, Brent. So as you know, Brent, you've been around this business a long time, it's a host of things, and it starts with good project selection, working for good customers, leading on to doing a great job estimating and evaluating the risk of the projects that we're looking at. And right now, there's just a lot of work out there that's in our wheelhouse, our sweet spot. So we're doing a really good job executing it. But it all comes down to the folks in the field that are actually doing the work with tools in their hands. And we are very fortunate to have the workforce we do, and the care they take with our customers. So it's a combination of a lot of things that are gonna drive margins, and we have to do all of them well, which we're doing right now.

Yeah, okay. And then on modular, I mean, just taking the year to date, 17% of revenue, and it looks like the business is up roughly 50% in 2024. Could you just talk about your ability to continue to see growth in modular 2025? I know there's limitations in terms of the capacity, but I just wanted to get a handle around how you're thinking of that in 2025.

Right, so you know, Brent, we had a big bang increase in 23 based on some giant orders and reassurances that we got in 2022. We continue to grow that, but now when we add space, we'll add 200,000 square feet, and we will put a lot more focus on productivity, automation, so we really see that continuing to grow just gradually, and our guys are so good at really providing a great product to the customer and really helping not just with, you know, you don't just have to build it, you have to help them design it, and I think we're just excellent at that, and really, we stand in awe of our guys, but I think you'll just continue to see sort of incremental growth.

Okay, and Bill, I mean, with the focus on productivity automation, presumably that could put some upward pressure on margins in that particular area. Is that fair?

I think it's supportive of margins. These guys are getting really good margin, and they, you know, they have big, sophisticated customers, so I wouldn't necessarily predict. I think that that space will grow faster than comfort as a whole, so it'll be supportive of those growth projections, same store growth projections we just gave, but I think our margin guidance for them would be the same as our margin guidance for the rest of the business, which is overall, we can't believe the margins that they achieved in 24, but we really see every, we have every reason to think they'll do it again in 25.

Got it, last one, if I could. Bill, I mean, the CAPEX stepped up here in the fourth quarter. Maybe it's associated with Modular or something else, what that was related to, and thoughts on CAPEX in 2025.

You know, so dollars of CAPEX, they're up, they're up. You know, if you looked fourth quarter to fourth quarter, they're still down as a percent of revenue. They're up sequentially, but that's almost always gonna happen from the big volumes of the third quarter, so as a percentage, they're up sequentially. I will say our first use of every dollar we get, our very first use is to reinvest it in the business, where it can help us be a better company and serve our customers better. We also occasionally, nowadays, will buy the buildings that we run our businesses from opportunistically, just because they're often in a medium-sized town and they're pretty special buildings, and we need, we're really investing in those buildings, and frequently the most logical way to do that is to simply buy the building from the landlord. So sometimes you'll see, I think we'll probably buy a couple of our buildings this year. We're in some conversations that'll probably lead to that, and so I think our backlog, I mean, I think our CAPEX will stay at about the same percentage next year as this year.

Okay, very good. I'll get back in queue.

Thank you, one moment. Our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Adam Donheimer of Thompson Davis. Your line is now open.

Hey, good morning, guys. Congrats on a great Q4.

All right, thanks, Adam.

I wanted to start on the persistent strong demand from technology customers. Can you give us a little more color on that? And maybe just some anecdotes, which you're seeing from the current bidding environment.

Yeah, so I'll go first, and then Bill can add on to it, but probably a lot of concern a couple of months ago with a release, but right now we're seeing heavy activity, particularly on the data center front. It's been no letup on demand on what they want us to build. In fact, they've let us know that they want to make sure that we're still all in on building in which we are. So we see no letup at all, Adam, on that front.

You know, one of the things people forget is that the amounts that have been announced by the hyperscalers in particular are vastly higher than anything, any year that's ever happened in the past, and probably not possible to start with. So even if there's a pullback, it's a pullback to a lower amount that's still impossible in the timeframes that they're talking about. And it's definitely the case that with the people we build data centers for, that if they're gonna slow down, they don't know it yet.

Helpful, and then, to what extent are you guys getting, or do you have visibility, would you say, into 2026?

Well, compared to any other time you would have asked that question more than usual, right? You know,

it's actually, we have more book backlog in the 2026 than we've ever had at Comfort Systems.

2026 is still a year away. Yeah, still a ways away, yeah. But at some point now, I mean, we've never had as much visibility as we've had. We've never been as fully sold for the coming year and into the next year as we are now, and really, the project sizes are very big, so they can frequently be multi-year. The one thing that happens is the starts are lumpy, right? And you've been, you've followed us for so long, you know that, but as of right now, frequently, when a start is delayed, it's like a relief for our subsidiary because they've got so much going on that they're starting to kind of count on some of those starts being delayed.

But you know, Adam, it's also great for our workforce that they see that there's work coming into 2026 and see how much work there is out there, because we have a lot of work to do this year, so it's really a good sign for the folks in the field,

too. Nice, and then just quickly, Bill, how big is that Q1 tax payment?

So we paid 80 million that should have been paid last year. So if your zip code was in the federally declared disaster area, they basically gave you relief so that you didn't need to make your quarterly estimated tax payments for the third and fourth quarter of 2024 with no penalty or interest. And on behalf of our shareholders, we took advantage of that, and so we paid $80 million a week or two ago that should have been paid last year. And we'll still be making a tax payment this quarter, our normal estimated tax payment for our very high profits right now. So that's literally a shifting of $80 million of cash flow from this year to last year. And also in the first quarter, we have some acquisition-related payments where these acquisitions are doing so well that when we pay out some of their earnouts and stuff, once the payouts that you make on earnouts go above the amounts that you estimated when you accrued for the earnouts, they start to go through operating cash flow. It is self-funding because by definition, they earned more money, but it does change the characteristics of the cash flow. So we think we'll have great cash flow this year, but especially the first quarter, there's some displacement, some temporal displacement for some of the payments, all of which were really to the benefit of our shareholders, but they were all kind of at the same direction. Perfect.

Good luck in Q1.

Thanks. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from line of Julio Romero of Sadori & Company. Your line is now open.

Thanks. Hey, good morning, guys. Hey, Julio. Morning. Yeah, you know, just thinking about the modular offering and obviously a lot of concern about, you know, the data center demand that you're seeing, but can you maybe just give us a refresher on the other end markets that currently comprise your modular mix aside from data centers, and maybe if they're not served by modular now, they could be served in the future?

So historically, our modular business, like when we bought it in 2011 and for the first many years, it was really focused towards pharmaceutical builds. It always had the data center component to it. As the data center stuff grew, essentially the data center, some really big and good customers came to us and said, we watched pretty much your whole capacity, and, you know, we talked to them about the terms that we would need and the cooperation we would need to give that to them. So we've given, they probably have 80, 90 percent, if not more, of our capacity. We do continue to, now we're much bigger, so we continue to reserve 10 percent, a chunk of more than 10 percent of our capacity for the customers who grew to rely on us and other verticals, and keeping in mind that 10 percent, it's 10 percent of a number that's grown fivefold, right? So it's still a big number. We think this modular construction would be useful in all kinds of, well, we know it would be in all kinds of verticals, but it's just such a good match right now for data center, and the demand for data center is so big, and really the people who are building data centers, people think, people kind of ask, is this going to be the way people build data centers? The reality is, for the foreseeable future, the way that we're going to build data centers is every way it's possible to build a data center. They're really taking an -the-above approach, and I don't know, we think there's, you know, obviously we're doing that much work. If something we don't see or expect happens, which is data center slows down or stops, we'd have to replace that work, and there would be an adjustment period.

Yeah, Julio, you know, we've done it for hospitals as well, but we're at the very beginning of modular application in construction in this country. This will have a long, long runway, which is, it's a great solution, you know, in construction, labor, et cetera, risk. It's a terrific solution.

Yeah, there's amazing applications, like in telecoms, and there's just, like, a lot of places where they would be, you know, what's the capacities out there, right? But today, what's done modular is, like, a very, very small fraction of 1% of what could be done modular.

Yeah, no, agreed. Very helpful call, and we're definitely in early stages there. You know, you said this also, that, you know, data center is not just sort of modular, but you also do some stick-built work for data center as well. Can you maybe just talk about demand trends on that side?

Well, yeah, it's extremely robust. You're just talking about Texas alone as one example. We're turning down, we're actually turning down work as we'll full up. There's great opportunities in Mississippi. I could go on and on, but there's, you know, plenty of opportunities for, you know, a regular build that we're doing as well. Yeah, the work

we do in data center that's non-modular is almost the same amount of revenue as we do modular. I think about it, it's a big set of opportunities for us.

Really helpful, and then one more for me is just, you know, you talked about this century contractors acquisition you made here in the first quarter. You know, the location seems to be pretty close to your EAS facility. You know, is there any kind of synergy with that facility, any modular component or benefit to century contractors?

So they got that wonderful capability and complex pipe, and that's a really, really good fit for stuff we already do, but really, it's a really good fit for where, if you were to like look at, we have five or six businesses sort of within a hundred miles of there that are doing industrial work. If you'd have said, if I could have one more of something, a little, you know, if I could have more capability in one thing, it would have been in what these guys do. So we're optimistic that this will be a really, really great member of that ecosystem, and they're already off to a great start.

Yep. Great, thanks very much, guys.

Thanks. Thank you, one moment for our next question. Our next question comes from a line of Josh Chan of UBS. Your line is now open.

Hi, good morning, guys. Congrats on a great quarter. Thanks, Josh. Hi, yeah, I know that the gross margin is usually fairly strong in Q4, but could you just kind of help us contextualize the magnitude of strength in this Q4's gross margin? Was there anything unusual, any closed out benefits, anything like that?

Brian, did you think we had good gross margins?

Yeah, you know, it's interesting, Josh. It's a really good question, because when we saw the number two, we looked twice. Yeah, it comes back to we're getting really good work, and we're really, really getting superb execution. I can't really say enough the quality of work we're getting out in the field, and we're working for work we're really good at, and it really helps in my opinion, so. And honestly,

there really wasn't any like particular or small handful of special closeouts that drove a bunch of that. It was really broad-based. We've reached a point now where this, so first of all, you have modular, those projects are built in a month or two, right? And so much of the industrial goes year round that the closeouts become kind of every quarter, but never more than usual. That could be, here and there, there might be a quarter where there's one or two special closeouts. This was just broad-based strength and revenue running through at great margins.

You know, the other thing, Josh, you know, our service business continues to grow. Did a billion one-off last year. If you look at the backend of Wood Quarters, where you got significant temperature change, got really cold in parts of the country, that really accelerates your service, call out work, et cetera. So, you know, that helps your margins as well.

And that's a fair point, yeah. It's really encouraging, thank you. And then on the, I guess you're a people-based business, so could you talk a little bit about kind of the progress behind hiring people and the training of apprentices? How do you feel that's going relative to your demand outlook?

Well, I mean, organizations doing a terrific job bringing folks in here, constantly recruiting, we got outstanding training programs from skilled trades all the way up to leadership training, we had training going on every week in this organization. The companies that we brought in here years ago, Kodiak, for example, has access to a lot of, you know, temporary labor that's really helped us manage our peaks and valleys and given us outstanding talent. So, the recruiting effort's constant, you know, nonstop. We got a lot of recruiters throughout the country and that will never stop. And training, we're totally 100% committed to training. That's something that we'll never slow down on.

That's great. And maybe I can ask one last one. How does the M&A pipeline look and how do you expect that to kind of contribute through the year, thank you.

So, I would say the M&A pipeline is very healthy, but we are coming off of years where we did really, last year we did our biggest deal ever. We did two really notable deals and another great deal. So, we are optimistic that we can just continue to keep doing what we've been doing. In any given year, we'll do more or less based on conviction and availability. The one thing we won't ever do is rush or try to fill a quota, but right now, things are good.

That's great to hear and congrats again for the quarter.

Thanks.

Thank you, one moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Brian Brophy of CFO, your line is now open.

Thanks, good morning everybody. Thanks for taking the question. Congrats on a very nice quarter. I wanted to ask on- You're welcome. Thank you, I wanted to ask on some of the comments around same store sales growth for 2025. You mentioned the high single digit range. Sounds like a little bit of a change from some of your comments last quarter. So, can you just give us a sense for what changed versus what you were mentioning? Yeah, and it's

just math is what it is. We did not expect to roll through quite the revenue that we did in the fourth quarter. When we give guidance on our revenue, it comes from an organic planning process we do where we get. So the number is as big as ever, it's just that that same number is not as percentage bigger, as much percentage bigger as the bigger number that we came up with in the fourth quarter, that made the full year bigger in the fourth quarter. So, it's just a rip off. Yeah,

it's not from less work, there's plenty of work out there.

It's just that we left behind such a big revenue number in the fourth quarter.

Understood, yeah, that's helpful. And then when I look at the implied mechanical orders, those were down a little bit versus a year ago. Does that have to do with anything regarding the timing of modular orders, or is there anything else that's driving that? Sounds like you're smarter

about that than I am. We, I mean, I would say that we don't, what we are not seeing, we're seeing, we got really good modular orders in the fourth quarter, but we did not get the gigantic modular orders we got in particular in December of 22, and also in December of 2023. But we had net up bookings and the plants full, and it's booked full longer than it's ever been. It's a bigger plant. There doesn't seem to be a slow down, but there's not a step change sort of increase like we had. And

you know, Brian, I know you're relatively new to us, but what's really important here is that whenever we look at work we're gonna take is our manpower loading curves. Make sure we do not take too much work that we can't execute at a high level, because margins, profit, and cash flow are really important. So we spend a lot of time about what work we can handle and when the work is coming.

There is no consideration or element in our backlog number of there not being work to do. There is, we double our backlog in the next 105 days if we just started taking, saying yes to more work. We could take a lot of work we couldn't do if our goal was simply to increase our backlog.

Understood, yeah, that's really helpful. And then I guess one other one, we've been getting a lot of questions on inferencing data centers versus training data centers, what that potentially needs for power, cooling needs. Can you talk about some of the differences in terms of electrical and mechanical intensity between some of these different types of data centers? And then just broadly, when you're looking at your data center activity builds to date, how much is more cloud-based data centers versus AI data centers today? Thanks.

So I'll give a little bit of color about that, but I'm not, really not an expert, right? There's no data center, so here's some really clear things. There's no data center we're building today that's not more dense than if we were building that same footprint one, three, or five years ago. They are bringing in way more copper, way more electricity. They're trying to put more compute power into all data centers. The true AI data centers are barely even starting. They will probably have a smaller footprint based on just what smart people at comfort tell me. They will have unbelievable power draws. But the Blackwell chips only started actually being delivered a few months ago. The first ones have gotten into servers. Most of them are scheduled to be delivered next year and the year after, right? So that is really in its infancy. The true build for, so everything that was on the block, everything that was being built, redesign work was done to increase the density of it, if you talk to our guys as much as they could. But I don't think we've really started, to a material extent, I don't think we've started building the true AI data centers. I think that's yet to come. And I think because of that, it's still being figured out.

Understood. And then last one for me here. Have you guys seen any changes in terms of contract terms today versus a year ago? I would assume they're essentially the same or better. And how should we think about that impacting margins and free cashflow conversion this year?

So we are getting great payment terms, but we were already getting great payment terms a year and two years ago. And honestly, that's a constant trade off, right? We don't really need money sooner. If you're somebody that has all the money in the world and there's a wide range of payment terms, we'll accept. Generally speaking, they're just very generous payment terms right now. As far as the underlying contractual provisions, as you can imagine, at a time when we're this busy, that affords us the opportunity to say no to things. So at the margin, we're doing some of that. There are GCs who have very unreasonable forms. I think that's affecting their ability to get subcontract. Actually, I know it's affecting, they may not know it, but I know it's affecting their ability to get subcontractors and not just with us. But ultimately, the forms that are used in this business have been around for a long time. And almost more important than the words that are in them is like there's a standard of practice. And if you do work over and over with the same people that you trust, that's the most important thing. I would rather have average terms with a great long-term partner than a better contract with people I don't know.

Understood. Yeah, very helpful. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Thanks.

Thank you. One moment for our next question.

Our next question

comes from the line of Alex Dwyer of KeyBank Capital Markets. Your line is now open.

Hey, guys. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions.

Good morning.

Hi. So, I wanted to come back to the margin guidance in the flat in 25 versus 24 and just kind of walk through the biggest risks to this and what could drive to the upside here, whether it's like a pricing, execution, closeouts, cost inflation, or is there anything different about the project environment that could make it harder to execute this year and share resources? It just seems like there's just such a great gross margin story with modular improving efficiencies and the supply-demand imbalance. And I think there is a good amount of this acquisition amortization that rolls off. So, just any thoughts on why margins couldn't actually expand this year versus last year?

We would never say that they couldn't. I think our hesitation to predict that they would is we just printed margins that were a couple of- We've never done before. Yeah, a couple hundred basis points higher than we would have thought were possible a year ago. You know, this stuff, it happens in the real world, and we literally, we don't know how much it's going to rain, right? We don't know how other people around us, you can't put wires in a wall that hasn't been built yet. So, you know, we think that the environment is really good. We think that the people we work with are doing a great job of taking the right amount of work. Really, I don't know. Honestly, it's hard for us to say we can maintain a margin as high as we've had, but we looked at each other, we all looked at each other in the eye and said, really, I wouldn't bet against our guys. They're going to keep doing this. But it's not, there's not a lot of science to it. We'll go for it.

Okay, got it. That's helpful. And then I just wanted to ask about how you think the trend and backlog could play out this year, like quarterly, and like should we expect a similar cadence to 2025 where, like, 1Q and 4Q are easier to achieve net bookings in the quarter, and then it could be tough again this year to sequentially grow the backlog through those heavy summer quarters?

Yeah, so Brian and I were looking at a schedule this morning where our backlog jumped up two years ago in 2022. The burn was half two years ago in the fourth quarter what it was in this quarter. So part of what you have going on is we have attained such a high level and we're so busy, and there's a finite amount of sort of human capital, right, hours that can be worked and not kill people. And so our backlog, you know, it's, I would take the over on it in general over time on average, but I just think the doubling kind of, the crazy ups aren't there. As far as the seasonality, if you ran Comfort or a company like us for over 10 years, eight of the 10 years you're going to see more net backlog bookings in the first and fourth quarter, and eight of the 10 years you're going to see proportionally less, you know, more burn. It's just the way it is because of what's, you know, time, space, mass, weather, you know. So I think it's nothing's really changed. I think anybody who is watching our backlog and looking for signs of a slowdown should, would be better off listening to us because, as we said, there's so much work we're turning away that there really is no, people look at our backlog and they worry about whether we'll have work. And that, if you are, if you're us looking at what we, when we talk to somebody who does the backlog for Big Electrical in Texas, that is so far from the world they're living in and the way they're thinking that you wouldn't believe it. You know, it's like, yeah.

Okay, got it. Thanks, Bill. And then I guess my last question, I just wanted to kind of ask about your, your mix of business within the. The manufacturing portion of your revenue. And. Like, as we think about that mix last year versus what's in the backlog and plan for 2025, is there any, is there any shift in those like sub end markets between life sciences, food, and food and beverage, and if we get tariffs in addition to the reshoring theme and the chips act funding, like, how do you think that changes your, your, your sleight of opportunities going forward at all? Could it change the mix of new construction versus retrofit projects or does it not really change that much?

No, in terms of the, Well, it's the first part of it. The mix is pretty consistent where we were last year with pharma, healthcare. We got a few solar in there, but we have a lot of consumer product usage in there, like you got a Legoland job going. So there's a lot of mix of manufacturing that I think is going to increase, particularly if these tariffs stick around that we'll be doing. I mean, it feels like on-shoring is at

the beginning. I mean, it's really at the beginning. So there is a push. There's definitely a way, sort of a current towards industrial. But then people didn't quit putting mayonnaise on their sandwiches and people still want to feed their dogs dog food. And they still, you know, and you know, even in the data center world, people sit here and they look at the new compute stuff, but people are still taking pictures and streaming, right? It's not as if there are new incremental sources of demand. But I can't think of one that displaced an already existing source of demand. And that's why, you know, that's why you're seeing some of the extraordinary outcomes that you're seeing is, you know, and then you put that on top of the fact that over the course of the financial crisis and all the way back to 9-11 and then, of course, there was a lot of supply disruption, right? So you have unprecedented demand after 20 years of underinvestment in supply. We're all scrambling to catch up.

Thanks, guys. I'll turn it over there.

All right. Thanks. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from a line of Kadir Ritchie of Ritchie Capital Group. Your line is now open.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. And I hope you can stomach another pipeline question. But with the recent volatility around the AI space with the introduction of DeepSeq and other headlines, it's clear that the market seems to think that or view comfort systems almost as like an AI type stock. And I'm wondering if you feel like that characterization is fair. You know, I understand the comment about impossible demand in the data center space, but how do you make decisions about taking on more work in that sector versus other opportunities? Is it simply, you know, the highest margin per man hour? And so you take all you can, or is there an approach to balancing the

backlog portfolio? So two things I'd say one. So Comfort is 30. So we're 63 percent industrial of that. Thirty three percent is advanced technology. And if that a little over two thirds is data center. So Comfort is not a data center company, right? And 20, you know, low 20 percent of our revenue is data center. But having said that, you know, the reality is how we how we we pick jobs, gross profit per hour work or really per hundred dollars of labor. Right. Because not all labor is the same is the ultimate measure of how attractive a project is from the point of view of sort of profitability and spreadsheet considerations. But today, for most of our people, there's a prequalification process they go through where they say, will this be a good job for my workers? Is there is there good parking? Does this GC run a good job and keep the field from being muddy? And I mean, because ultimately our workers, we've had them for decades, some of them for multi-generate or multi-generational, but they can get they can leave us and get a job instantly. And so our number one consideration, honestly, is. Are there is this a good job for our people? Are the people they know going to be on it that they like to go to lunch with? Is it with people we know treat people well? The number two consideration is who are we doing the job, the work for the owner and especially the intermediaries like the GC and the other people on the job? Are they good people that we can trust because we can afford to be picky right now? And then the third consideration is what's the gross profit sort of per hour worked or for the labor that we're that we're we're limited by and that we're giving up for them? And the good news is those three considerations are not independent. Almost always the best answer to number one and two will be the best answer to three. So the world we're living in is so different than what somebody sitting, buying and selling stocks based on their guess is about AI, that it's very hard for us to really even answer that question. You

know, the other part of that curve is we're mechanical electrical contractors. So our skills, whether they're pipe finish, sheet metal guys, plumbers, electricians, we can work in any type of building that you want to build. So it's easily transferable. It's not some specialist skill that can only work in one industry. Well, at the end of the day, work in what the market dictates is available.

Yeah, I was I was actually surprised by it as well, but it really made me take a step back and think, OK, well, you know, if there was something like a deep sea, can it, you know, change the fundamentals of the fundamental equation for AI and data centers? And so I was just it made me curious, you know, how insulated you are about the shift in spending patterns related to the hyperscalers and the way that you're doing it. You know, you know, trees don't go to the sky and, you know, maybe this time it really is different, but, you know, just is the demand that would replace that. Is it already there or would you have to, you know, go out and do some work if there was a big shift

before before before the words artificial intelligence had been mentioned on any conference call on any for any public company in America, there was not electrician in America that was scrounging around for something to do. Right. So the demands there, obviously, if the demand becomes frenzied, the pricing gets better. There is. So so, of course, a dish if you know, anybody who took economics 10, right, basic economics supply and demand effects, the outcomes and if demand wanes, we don't really have a problem. We've been cash flow positive every single year we've ever existed. Right. We've earned money every single year we've ever existed. Some of those years were really bad years. Right. They were after the year after 9 11, they were the worst year of covid. The financial crisis devastated non-residential building. Right. And and at some point, it's really not a question that we can be a good company and earn money. But obviously, we should be worth more if you think, you know, if you think reshoring is real, on-shoring is real. We are worth more if you think people actually, you know, are going to need data centers. We're worth more. The last thing I want to say about the data center stuff is our whole experience has been and we've been building data centers since, you know, 05, 06. Our experience is when they find a way to do with less or when they find a way to make more, they just want more. They don't say, OK, well, we have enough compute. Let's draw a line under that and. Move on to staring at our logo, you know what I mean? They don't. The thing is, they want more. And if they find a way to get more, guess what they want after that more. It's a land grab. Right.

Yeah, that's great. Thank you. Thank you for that. My last comment is, is I really appreciate your loyalty to your employees. It's something that we've always admired about comfort systems and just how you fight for your employees. So congratulations on that and congratulations on the quarter. Thank you. Thank you.

Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time. I'd now like to turn it back to Brian Lane for closing remarks.

All right. In closing, I really want to thank our amazing employees again. You know, we're very grateful to you. Thank you, everyone, for joining the call today. We are very excited about the opportunities we're facing in 2025 and look forward to the year. Hope everyone has a great weekend and thanks once again.

Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does include the program. You may now disconnect.