Gerdau S.A.

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our earnings release for the fourth quarter of 2024. I'm Mariana Dutra, Head of Investor Relations, and here with us today are Mr. Gustavo Werneck, CEO and CFO, Gustavo Japor. This call has simultaneous translation into English, and you can choose the language of your choice, clicking in the globe icon in the lower part of your screen. During this broadcast, all participants will be in this lonely mode. And next, we will open for a Q&A. Analysts and investors can join the Q&A queue through the raised hand icon. I would like to emphasize that any forward-looking statements are Assumptions and beliefs of the company based on information currently available. Forward-looking statements do not represent performance outlook and depend on circumstances that may and may not occur. Now, I'll turn the floor over to Gustavo to begin the presentation. You may begin, Gustavo. Thank you, Mari. Hello, everyone, and good afternoon. I hope you're all well and thank you for meeting us today for another earnings release call. I will briefly comment on the highlights of the quarter and the outlook for our operations, dedicating more time for the Q&A session. So first of all, I would like to point out that we ended 2024 with the lowest accident frequency rate in our 124-year history. And I reinstate our commitment to people's health, safety, and well-being, which, as you know, is always our priority. We came to the end of 2024 calendar year with an adjusted EBITDA of 10,800,000,000 BRLs as a result of improved competitiveness of our operations achieved through strategic cost reduction initiatives, mainly involving our assets in Brazil. Meanwhile, the Brazilian market continued to be impacted by the high penetration rate of important steel in Brazil, which ended the year at almost 20%, even with the implementation in the midst of last year of the tariff quota system. Finally, I would like to point out that we acquired two SHPs called Garganta de Jararaca and Paratinga II, located in the state of Mato Grosso. The purchase of these assets is in line with Gerdau's strategy to have a more competitive cost of business, increasing its own production of renewable energy and also in line with our decarbonization process. Now, I'll turn over to Japur, who will go over the financial highlights.

Thank you, Gustavo. Hello, everyone. It's always a pleasure to be here with you in our earnings conference call. The 2024 result reinforces our ability to adapt and the importance of our geographical diversification. We were able to maintain financial metrics and a solid balance sheet with low leverage. without having to sacrifice our growth initiatives and our investments or our commitment to returning value to our shareholders. In this context, I would like to highlight three points. Number one, 2024 was marked by our main focus to reduce costs and controllable expenses. Thanks to the efforts of all of our employees, we were able to achieve a savings of 1.5 billion BRLs in line with our savings guidance. As a result, we started 2025 at a new level of operating efficiency compared to the year of 2023. Secondly, our strong cash generation allowed us to invest 6.2 billion BRLs in CapEx in 2024, with more than half of this amount earmarked for strategic projects. Growth and competitiveness gains for our assets. For 2025, our CapEx guidance, as mentioned in the material fact, will be 6 billion BRLs divided equally between competitiveness and maintenance efforts. Maintenance investments. Lastly, I would like to highlight the return to our shareholders. Taking into account dividends and the share buybacks in 2024, we distributed almost 2.9 billion BRLs, a payout of almost 66% of our profit. In other words, we completed our share buyback program of 2024 and we started a new program for 2025. buyback programs of relative the same size to repurchase 65 million shares. In 2024, we acquired 3.4% of the company's outstanding shares, and for 2025, we expect to repurchase another 3.2% of our outstanding shares. To end, I'd like to inform you that as of the first quarter of 2025, we will start reporting the results of our company using three reportable segments instead of four as we had before. And these three segments will be Brazil, North America, and South America. This new format is in line with the current scenario in the steel industry. with an increasing regionalization of markets. We believe that with this approach we will have more clarity as we will group together in the same segments macroeconomic dynamics, consumer markets, regulations and functional currencies that are similar. In addition, this change will make our exposure to Brazil and North America clearer. And these two are our main markets of operation. I'll end here and I'll join you and Gustavo for the Q&A session. Thank you.

Thank you, Jean-Paul. And I keep saying that in the midst of an uncertain global macroeconomic scenario, we continue to focus on the growth and competitiveness of assets with the greatest potential for generating long-term value for our customers and our stakeholders, such as the Ouro Branco unit in Minas Gerais, which will which will add a new hot-coil road strip capacity in the first quarter of 2025. In Brazil, we are still seeing good indicators for the construction industry with a record number of property launches and positive figures coming from the automotive sector. However, rising inflation and high interest rates aim at a market heavily impacted by steel imports could result in Lower local demand for steel in the coming months. For North America, our shipments and backlog recovered in the first quarter, returning to historical levels. We believe in a positive outlook for non-residential demand and infrastructure, which should positively influence the local market. Moreover, the new trade defense measures announced by the Trump administration aimed at straightening U.S. industry could result in greater use of our assets in the country and improved competitiveness of these operations. The 25% import tariffs will help correct the exceptions resulting from Section 232, whose mixed tariff rate quota system covered only 18% of steel shipments imported into the U.S. We continue to monitor how these new measures will impact the dynamics of the global market. In this sense, as I have said before, Brazil continues to be heavily impacted by the excessive entry of imported long and flat steels since the current system of quotas implemented in mid- 2024 has been ineffective in the commercial defense of domestic steel. This mechanism has not brought the expected results and needs to be urgently improved by the Brazilian government as it was done by the U.S. government. And then with that, I conclude this first part with thank you for your attention. And now we'll jump to the Q&A session.

Thank you, Gustavo and Jabou. We will now begin the Q&A session. I'd like to remind you that when you're announced, you will get a prompt to enable your microphone and video. Our first question comes from Marcio Farid with Goldman Sachs. Thank you, Marie. Hello. congratulations on the new format going straight to the point it's great because we have more time to ask questions well gustavo perhaps we could start from the very end of your presentation i believe that the last two quarters in the united states a second half of last year were challenging in the u s volume mix price And perhaps that reached a bottom in the fourth quarter. But now with the U.S. presidential elections behind us, with the seasonality and tariffs, things could improve. What should we expect in the United States in the first half? quarter and also second quarter and second half of the year. And how would you adapt your North America operations if tariffs are effective? But particularly against Canada and Mexico, knowing your mix of operations there. And quickly, in Brazil, we saw long steel prices falling recently. we believe that this is due to a movement of destocking that began in the end of last year so i'd like to know from you are we starting to see a pickup of purchases in brazil is there any scenario to remove discounts and how should we think about the brazilian demand in the macroeconomic context we have ahead of us well marcio thank you very much we debated a lot our way of having our earnings call to try to simplify. So thank you for the positive feedback. So I'll start answering Marcel's question and then Shapur can add, particularly regarding the volume of products that we have between Mexico and the United States. Marcel, indeed, in the end of last year, not just in December, but in October, we started having that expectation regarding what would happen as of January 20th. We saw a decline in our backlog. although we understood that the demand fundamentals remained solid. So yes, there was this expectation. But when the new administration took office, particularly after The new trade defense measures, well, new is a way of saying they just pressed the rewind button and we went back to what happened in 2018 because in the Trade Act, Section 232, there were many exceptions. So we went back to what it was before. And I believe that this business is going to be seen with more discipline. There's no trend to go back to the way it was. Regardless of that, in the last 30 days, we saw an interesting recovery in the backlog. The backlog reformed itself very quickly. The spreads, they were declining a bit with the new announcements of commercial repositioning of all producers. Will those recovered? So the trend looking forward is that we'll have a very positive scenario. The first signs of these first 30 days Point to optimism. So that 2025 is expected to be a better year than expected in North America. Right now, we are working with a low usage of our rolling mills. This backlog has an ability to be absorbed by the installed capacity. We are at about 70% usage of our capacity. We have capacity available to immediately turn on. We have people. So the decision to turn on the rolling mills to have additional usage, it's a very fast decision. So we see this very positively. There is this issue with Canada. We do transition products from Canada to the US. We don't see this as having a very material effect, but I'll turn the floor to Jaipur to give you more details. More detail regarding products moved from Canada to the US. Hello, Marcio. I think that from Canada to the US, we have about 7% to 8% of what we sell in North America. These are products, 7% to 8% of products that we manufacture in Canada and transfer to the United States. Of course, we are working with our area of SMOP to see what is the best way to mitigate Potential additional tariffs we might have. This is going to be an exercise to understand what kind of exemptions, rebates, the clients will be able to get from the government and have the usual trade negotiations. But we're talking about 7%. of what is a question mark versus 93%, which is certain to have a more positive and constructive market situation. Also considering the mix, you have followed that in the recent quarters we had an impoverishment in our mix of products in North America selling more rebar, close to 20% of our mix being rebar, versus 10% that we had in moments of higher margins, as was the case in 2022. In addition to, of course, volume, which has an important effect to improve the mix, because we're talking about beans and merchant bars. which have margins and higher margins and added value than rebar. And as regards Mexico, basically, we don't have exports from Mexico into the United States. So for us, this is not an issue. Next question from Rafael Barcelos with Bradesco BBI. Rafael, you go ahead, please. Good morning. Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. My first question would be about the Brazilian market, but from a more strategic point of view, we see some players at a more rebar capacity recently. And in terms of demand, the country remains with a level of demand, per capita demand. or any other indicator, but with a demand level which is below its potential. Having said that, I'd like to understand your strategic view of the Brazilian market. Any product line that it makes sense to invest, something to be discontinued, and in particular regarding rebar, perhaps shouldn't this be a market where Gredau could look for more consolidation? My second question is about a follow up question regarding US tariffs, because I think that this is a point that has been discussed over and over. First, What about discussions about the potential investments in the Mexico plan? I would like to have an update on that. And second point regarding how do you see Gredau's ability to grow in the United States and in what segments? Thank you very much. Rafa, thank you for your comments and questions. Indeed, you touched on a very relevant point. Even in this current moment of still high demand for Rebar, it has been very difficult to get the level of competitiveness that we're aiming for. Not just us, all other players as well. And we imagine that along the year, there might be a reduction, particularly in mid to high income construction segment. We don't believe in a significant drop of MCMV, but he uses rebar and steel with a lower gauge. So in a scenario that can worsen as of the second half without the demand for a higher gauge rebar, A scenario that is not so good can get worse. From the practical standpoint, there are debates happening with the federal government because rebar needs to be put more intensely in this issue of commercial policy. It doesn't change the supply and demand For still in Brazil, so of course we would need to adapt capacity, perhaps in the future have some consolidation, but I would say that this is not close to happening and we would need to increase our competitiveness to be able to compete in a market that became very complex. But in a way, Rafa, rebar has been facing this kind of difficulty in last year. There's nothing new. No one can add capacity overnight. Capacity addition is being announced. It's not by chance that reinforced concrete and rebar has been losing share in our product mix in Brazil. When we'll look at the... relevance of flat and special steel, it's higher than for reinforced concrete. In our current investments, it doesn't make any sense to invest in increasing rebar capacity, except some investment that can increase our level of competitiveness or reduce the current level of cost. Our investments right now are focused on a segment where we now have a market share which is a rolling of flat steel now in mid-march we're already testing we are producing in the test phase in this new rolling capacity in ouro branco another two hundred and fifty thousand tons So, flat steel will increase its share in our total product mix and mining is an investment that is doing very well. Expected to start operating in January of next year. It will bring us a level of competitiveness and cost to the Ouro Branco unit that we didn't have in the past. So very focused on leaving rebar as an important product, but we have to find alternatives with other products without an oversupply to create more value and add more profitability. Because in fact, at this moment, it is very hard to think about any plausible alternative. to recover the profitability of Rebar in Brazil. I'll let Jaipur add, and if there's anything I left out, Rafa, anything we didn't answer, please, you ask a follow-up question. Hi, Rafael. How are you doing? Perhaps putting the two questions together regarding Mexico, tariffs, and investments, and where to grow in North America. It is obviously more challenging to have a green field project to invest in special steel in Mexico in a geopolitical context that was more difficult than now with the adoption of tariffs, not only between the countries that are negotiating, but also additional tariffs. of Section 232 not having the exemption for countries with bilateral trade agreements. So we'll take that into account. We'll revisit the investment possibilities. And by June, we understand that we will have a tangible answer regarding how we will move forward or not with investment in Mexico. A reminder that is very important to highlight. Today, we understand that we already have a relevant market share for special steel segment in Mexico, about 18% through exports from Brazil into Mexico and from the United States into Mexico from our units are there. thus thinking about this new context of tariffs in the north america market there is an option to invest perhaps to grow again special steel we have made investments in our monroe plant that we completed last year and the investments we have underway today which are very representative in texas in midlothian In the second half of this year, we should complete the first phase of this investment. aiming to take this plan to almost 2 million tons capacity in a foreseeable future so right now we are privileging and we have already built. bricks in that construction to build a portfolio more focused on beams and merchant bars in the long run in our North America operation. Perfect. Thank you very much, Gustavo, Shapur, and Mari. Thank you.

So, Mario, thank you, Rafa. Our next question from Danielle Salson from Itaú BBA. So you may go ahead. Thank you, Mari. Good morning or good afternoon. I think somebody said that, oh, Gustavo said that the call will be very quickly so that we can extend in the Q&A session. In terms of reportable volumes, maybe you can give us a better idea about actual volumes and revenues, Brazil and U.S. My first question may be addressed to Jaipur. combining a little bit of guidance, CapEx, and your cash generation expectation going forward. Shapur, as part of that $6 billion BRL guidance, I just want to know whether that also contemplates your electric power generation assets, or you have something from next that probably is not contemplated in that $6 billion amount. I know you don't give any guidance, but given the fact that this year's guidance also incorporates some initiatives related to ESG, would it be reasonable in qualitative terms to think in terms of a lower CapEx 26 over 24? 26 and 25, whether you could comment on CapEx evolution this year. You accelerated a lot in the fourth quarter of last year. So do you think we could expect something better distributed throughout the year 2025? Now, in terms of your new BQ project or hot coil roll strip project, I know that it's about to happen in the next coming days. What is the expected shipments for this year? And how are you projecting this curve? Maybe, you know, if I can think about additional plans for the year, that could be very good. Okay, Shapur, maybe you can start by answering the question on CapEx. I mean, it's hard to talk with two Gustavos in the same day, right? So we just want to free up your time. So Gustavo will talk about CapEx, and then I'll talk about the hot-cold rolling line. I think his microphone is muted. Okay, Daniel, good afternoon. The guidance of six... billion BRLs this year. Maybe it's important that I elaborate on the topic a bit more. Typically, in the last few years, we were investing with some interventions during the maintenance shutdowns that usually occur at the end of the year. So usually, CapEx was spent slowly in the first quarters, and it will pick up throughout the the last part of the year. This year, as we already have some very important and major projects that are underway that do not depend on maintenance shutdowns like our Tabe'i project, our CapEx curve of 6 billion BRLs will tend to be flatter throughout the year. So if you think about cash flow throughout the year, I think the curve will be very similar because we are beginning the year with some very important projects capex spendings right at the the onset of the year just is just to give you an idea of our capex performance throughout the year so this is my first comment my second point that it's important that i highlight which has to do with the quality of the number what is contemplated in that number within that six billion brls i would like to remind you that at the end of last year we made two announcements related to electric generation and our self-energy production. The first thing was our investment in the energy company where we increase it. We increase our stake to 40% and the agreement was a bit different. Okay, from the three solar units we will have, through New Energia, we will build these subsidiaries, but they will be full subsidiaries of Gerdau. So what would be an equity investment of a control company will now turn to be a CapEx throughout the year 2025. So out of that 6 billion BRL CapEx, something around 400 million BRLs are already investments to generate energy in these three hubs that will belong to Gerdau in full. And when we think about investments in still, there is already a reduction from 5.2 to 5 billion this year. And then when we look forward, And whenever we look at new investments for the years to come, what Gustavo said throughout his presentation is that we understand that in this new scenario where we see increased commercial defense, that we should be more assertive in defending our interests, meaning that, yes, we do have a very relevant investment portfolio that had been approved last year and it's now underway. But now, It has come the time that for new projects, we have to be very diligent. And it will certainly depend on what kind of decisions the government and the governments will take in terms of its own commercial defense to draw up a plan of capex spending. So maybe there will be less investment approvals throughout this year. And I think... With that, I covered the main points of your question on CapEx and I elaborated a bit more on the answer because I thought it was important to make a distinction between energy CapEx, which is now changing this year, 450 million that is contemplated in that 6.2 billion. And the second point, I would like to say that it will be a flatter curve of CapEx disbursement when compared to previous years when there was from the first through the fourth quarter. And so now Gustavo will talk about the hot coil rolling mill. Okay, BQ in Portuguese. I would like, I mean, we know that we have new BQ capacities, not within this landscape of just adding capacity to a market that in a few moments with imports, we have an over capacity. Well, first of all, I would like to say that This is part of the journey of removing semi-finished from Oro Branco, which is focused on exports and adding products with higher added value. Second of all, once we bring mining investments starting next year, our hot coil rolling mill cost will be highly competitive. We'll be able to produce, you know, BQ with ore coming very close to Urubanku. The other aspect is that since we have a very full mix of products and we are very strong through our Comercial Gerdau, we are very sure that throughout the year with our captive clients, we will be able to ship 250,000 tons. I mean, the demand was repressed and even in the new moments with the overflow of imported goods, it was hard to sell. But we are very certain that this investment will bring about the benefits we had envisioned. And there is a possibility in the future, which is to have a new phase of BQ or BQ3. So with this, we will create new options in the future. Let's say that if we want to do a new phase of hot oil rollout, So we could do that, maybe not to cater to the automotive industry, but maybe then to serve, you know, civil construction or the white line. So that will be our plant will have that additional option. And now returning to Rafa's question. getting into markets that we are not present today. And this would also help us to dilute that issue of, you know, reinforced concrete and rebar. This is part of a midterm plan with mining, which will increase competitiveness of our Oro Branco mill, something that we didn't have in the past. So in general, this is it. Let me just add to what Gustavo said. We had maintenance shutdowns starting in the fourth quarter and continue throughout the year. We will start up the operation in this first quarter. So the first quarter in terms of shipments of flat steel challenges will be a bit higher because there is lack of availability of machinery because almost two-thirds of the quarter that that machine or that equipment was a maintenance. But in view of productivity gains, because we are expanding our rolling meal capacity by 30%, we hope to mitigate that shipments or sales volume that we did not have. At least we do that in the first quarter. Thank you. I just have a very quick follow-up. I just want to understand a little bit your energy assets. I mean, they're part of that 6 billion capex. Is there something next that is not contemplated in that capex amount of 6 billion in terms of cash disbursements and thinking about M&As or investments that are and are not in the pipeline? Energy investments, as Gustavo mentioned, we have the acquisition of two SHPs for hydroelectric energy. M&A was a disbursement that happened early this year, about 440 million BRLs. So, okay, this is not included in that six billion. But in addition, we also invested in two solar farms in the Bajo Alto complex. I mean, three specific farms. And that is around 440 million barrels. And these are CAPEX. And we are building solar farms. And these are contemplated in the $6 billion. In addition, what we are seeing for the year is about 70 to 75 million barrels to be invested in our subsidiary of, you know, it's a joint venture of vehicles. And we do not have, in addition to those, any other relevant investment for this year. Thank you. Thank you, Denny. Our next question from Leo Correa from BTG Pactual. Good morning. Good afternoon. Well, I do apologize for not putting my video on. So I do apologize. Yes. I just have a few points. I have some mental confusion in relation to Brazil. I mean, going back to what you said on price and demand. In January, and when I talked to some distributors, probably this has been the worst January in a very long time. I mean, there was that Friday discount of 7%. And I talked to you before and you said something probably half of that, maybe 4% for rebars. But now when we look at premium, rebar premium is very low when compared to BQ or hot coil. I mean, rebar of the premium is 10%. So my question is, Is there any specific event happening with rebars? Because demand seems to be similar for both. There are still many launches. My How's My Life program remains strong. So my question relates to prices of long steels in Brazil. And what do you think, what is your idea about, you know, reviewing those prices, or maybe we should see prices being more stable by the end of the quarter. And my second question, still related to the U.S., I think many colleagues talked about the change in the accounting system used by the company. I know that the market is debating that because people do not like you know, any disclosure reductions. But since this is a very complex issue and split between two markets and we didn't have a lot of edge, I mean, I was projecting margin more than anything. And so for me, this change comes as a positive thing. But I would like to escape that accounting issue. And my question is, do you think that a county measure had any implications in your future analysis of a spinoff in the U.S., maybe? Has that, you know, has there been any progress in this regard? Or maybe there is nothing at the moment, but maybe this would be a precondition once you give more visibility to your revenue in the U.S. by doing that move. So, Not referring to disclosure, but I just want to know whether this move expedites the spinoff in your U.S. business so that the market could probably attribute a greater value or a higher valuation. Okay, Leo, I will start from your last question. I think we understand that the markets are becoming even more regional and Like now, we have four reportable segments. This was the same structure we have up to the fourth quarter. And so in special stills, not only we contemplated the operations in Brazil and the U.S., but also our operations in Spain that are quite relevant, operations in India. meaning global operations for the automotive industry. But now we see that this automotive chain is no longer becoming so global. We're referring to them as being more regional. And so because of that, we understood that now would be a good time, even considering this new context of tariff debate. We thought that this new model would give you more clarity in terms of our markets, the US, Canada, and Brazil. So I think this was the main drive. But that by no means means that we have a lower focus or a lower appetite for special stills or that our interest in that segment is not as important because it is a very competitive product. but the way we report the information has changed because we think it makes more sense to report poor geography rather than poor type of product as we used to do in the past. At the moment, we do not have any plan for a spinoff or anything in the US. Of course, if that were the case, we would certainly inform the market in a proactive way. But at the moment, There is no concrete discussions in terms of a shareholder's restructuring for Gerdau at this moment. Now, speaking about rebars. Now, speaking about Brazil, though. I mean, you started with a very good introduction about competition and prices. But it's worth mentioning that in the second half of last year, there was the addition of another player in the northeast of Brazil. It was a new iron ore rolling mill. So we understand that we have new capacities or maybe production interruptions because of maintenance or construction. So this is usually a period that may bring up some volatility when it comes to the balance between supply and demand. And you talked about a higher discount in long stills with the entry of these additional capacities. But at the same time, with hard coil rolled strips, the spread is higher, but there was also a downtime which led to a temporary movement on the supply side. And so there has been a mismatch between supply and demand. In January, it was a slower month, even because of the results of still in Brazil. But we also understand that in February and in the first part of the year, we see a very constructive dynamic for the Brazilian market. The challenge and the uncertainty comes when we look ahead or when we look to the second half. I mean, in July, if there is less credit availability, especially for, you know, mid and high income brackets, we probably we will probably see a deceleration in the construction sector in Brazil. Well, we are very much impacted by seasoning, you know, seasoning demand of rebars. If we look at civil construction, even in the lower income population, our service level is quite unique. So these new they have a difficult time to get into the infrastructure and civil construction industry scenario. Maybe if you want anything in addition to this, you can talk to Mario or Shapiro, whatever we produce in terms of rebars, go to the distribution sector. We do not believe that this year things will change. We will continue to see a very fierce change struggle this year. This scenario in Brazil where the construction demand will be reduced, maybe I think the landscape will be even worse. Therefore, distribution remains a problem. The attempts, and I think, Leo, you already talked about the attempts to recover profitability, the premiums, that we've noticed both in Brazil and abroad, and this has to do with seasonality, and all of our attempts to recover profitability have not been very effective. And I would say that up to this date, we are not seeing any alternative for this problem to be solved in the short run. Okay, thank you very much.

Thank you, Leon. Next question from Ricardo Monigalia with Safra. Ricardo, go ahead. Good afternoon, everyone. Gustavo, Shapur, and Mari. I have two quick questions. One point I'd like to understand in terms of the outlook. I understand this is not a guidance, but my question is, has this outlook been calculated with a new form of disclosure including or not special steel operations and including or not i would like to understand whether you could give us an indication of the margin for special steel in brazil in the united states US margin of special steel is below the traditional operations there. So my point is, can we think that the margin of special steel can be close to a bottom and then recovery could be stronger than the traditional operation in the US? And in the case of Brazil, do you expect a maintenance of stronger levels than the normal operation in Brazil? We have estimates of vehicle associations, for example, that are very positive for this year, so I'd like to understand more about that. And my second question is, there's an important discussion about incremental EBITDA of strategic projects. In that regard, I'd like to try and understand a little bit better the incremental EBITDA that have been finalized or will be finalized in the end of Q1. How much of that is already in the result? How much could be the result for 2025 and be a big driver of margin for 2025? Considering the hot coil, the road strip, rolling mill, if I understood well, the planned volume will be sent to the market. Perhaps we could see an incremental EBITDA of 500 million being included. These are my questions. Thank you for the opportunity. Hello, Ricardo. Okay, let me try to address your points. Yes. Yes. Our outlook vision already includes our new way of reporting for Q125. So we have more challenging margins in Brazil and recovery in the North America. This is all included in including special steel in Brazil and special steel in North America. I think that your analysis was very well done. when you mentioned that there might eventually be more room for a strong recovery for special steel segment in North America compared to other product lines. I think that this analysis can become true along the year. I'd like to remind you that the special steel segment in North America is very much affected by the dynamic between metal spread, scrap and obsolescent scrap. When we have a reduction in scrap price, This can hurt the results of special steel in North America. When we have moments when the scrap prices increase, these are moments that normally drive the results and the margin in the operation of special steel in North America. And we have seen movements of scrap prices increasing now in Q1. at some degree. In Brazil, when we think about the automotive industry and segment, we have some constructive projections regarding or constructive forecasting regarding sales, but we should not forget that as part of this scenario, there is another important topic, i.e. how viable and accessible Lightweight and heavyweight vehicles are for consumers when we have hiking interest rates for the economy and for the consumption segment. I'd like to remind you, despite the production of light vehicles having very positive outcomes, or positive, a positive prognosis in the Brazilian market. To us, what is more relevant in terms of demand for special steel would be the variations in the level of production of heavyweight vehicles, because they end up having a steel consumption per unit, which is much higher than in light passenger vehicles. So this is a dynamic that will have a little bit more positive visibility in the first half for this specific segment in our market portfolio. But if we continue to see a more challenging interest rates dynamics for the second half, we might face bigger challenges regarding demand, particularly in the OEMs because they normally bring forward their launches and they put together everything they need in the second half to prepare for the following year, start of 2026. And as for your last point about strategic capex, I think that some of the projects we have will be completed. but they have a ramp up curve. So we won't start producing at full steam in month one. We won't have a full capturing of these benefits in year one. But yes, we understand that we have the potential to have significant volume and significant cost reduction in our HRC unit at Ouro Branco. But the big project that will be contributing a lot, increase our competitiveness, will only be complete close to year end, beginning of next year, which is our Itabiritos Mining Project in Minas Gerais State. So we might capture some gain from the projects that are underway and about to be complete in the first phase of Midlothian. But more significantly, we will see our strategic CapEx portfolio reaping more tangible fruits to expand results along 2026. Super clear, Jopur. Thank you very much. Thank you for the questions. Take care, Ricardo. Thank you, Ricardo. Our next question from Yuri Pereira with Santander. hi everyone how are you doing my first question is whether there is margin to or space room to improve costs in brazil you spoke a little about that perhaps you could elaborate more about costs and my second question is about Whether you see a possibility to include more long steel in the MCM list of our quota system in Forcing Brazil? You mentioned in the beginning, and we have noted, more players in the industry, more and more receptive and open to this idea. How do you see this? I think that as regard costs and fixed costs, yes, there is always room to do better. But it is important to remember that we had an important inflation pressure in terms of raw materials and imported raw materials and inputs because of the foreign exchange that appreciated significantly in the second half of 24. that's why we always mention costs and controllable expenses those that are under our control because in fact prices like gas coal iron ore that we might buy from third parties those costs fluctuate impacted by the exchange rate. Since we have a higher dollar rate than we had in prior quarters, it is possible that part of our costs of the Brazil operation, I'd like to remind you that about 25% of our costs in Brazil are dollar denominated or pegged to the dollar somehow. So yes, there will be some cost pressure on our Brazil operation along Q1 compared to Q4, in line with what we saw in Q4. Yuri, regarding trade defenses, there is no halfway, either you advocate it or not. I think that the US situation itself shows this in 2018. when they adopted Section 232, Section 232 measures of the Trade Act, initially that barred the penetration of unloyal steel in the U.S. Then the exceptions began. You open a door here, a door there, you lower a tariff. Sometime later, It didn't work. And then it goes back to what it was. Perhaps Brazil should do the same. We should harden the situation and then see if there are exceptions. But here in Brazil, The government started following an example that was no longer working in the US to have a trade defense with a tariff code, a few products, what's called NCMs. And reality showed, real data by CISACs, that it didn't work. So the debates that have been kept with the federal government aim at adopting measures similar to those imposed by the US and also other countries that would be able to effectively fight the arrival of imports. We shouldn't have quotas. If we have a tariff that will prevent the imports of unloyal steel, They would include a more complex list of NCM products. Well, that's what we need. We need to have a pragmatic decision to defend the industry. I was speaking to the press earlier today, and I always make a point of clarifying the difference between protection and defense. We do not need protection. Despite all of the needs we have to compete in Brazil, paying four times more for natural gas, for example, we are very competitive. We compete on equal footing with any producer in the world. But when you start having steel imported into Brazil, subsidized by the Chinese government, exchanging jobs in Brazil for jobs in China, steel that gets here below our cost of manufacturing, that's destructive for the industry. So that's the point that we have to... adopt a harder defense, trade defense measures, not protection, but that will bring the competitiveness conditions to be equal. the inclusion of long steel in new NCMs. This has been an important topic in the debate that we are maintaining with the federal government. And a follow-up question. If we had a single tariff, what break-even level would be necessary to equalize the market? If it's a single tariff and we won't have products going through states that have ICMS subsidies that do not go in through a free trade zone. If it is a tariff that is fully applied, I think that the United States is a good example, a tariff of about 25 to 30%. That would solve the problem. And we would have imported products arriving at the regular level about 11 but then we start having the exceptions the quota in addition to the quota products that go through some states of brazil that can somehow not pay full icms tax or still going into the country without paying the full tariffs. So there are many holes in the hose and water starts leaking. If it's a tariff that can fight this, a tariff of about 25, 30%, if it is effectively applied, in my point of view, this would create equal level of competitiveness for everyone. Thank you very much.

We are... Approaching the end of this earnings release call, we have one last question from Eugenia Cavalero from Morgan Stanley. You may proceed. Good afternoon and thank you, Mari. Hello, Shapur and Gustavo. In fact... I would just like to get some visibility about working capital for this year and whether there is any difference between the different semesters or if you see any cash release via working capital this year and how do you see this evolving going forward? Well, I think it will pretty much depend on what happens with demand in North America and Brazil. So I think we had a very significant working capital release in the fourth quarter. On the financial side, I mean, foreign exchange rate ate up our cash conversion cycle if it were not for that leap in the exchange rate in terms of our working capital denominated in U.S. dollars. But I think for this first half of the year, We anticipate some investment in working capital due to, you know, the return of the downtime and deliveries in Brazil. And also because of the addition of our broad coil road trip rolling mill and the rebound of the U.S. economy. In our order book, we had seen an improvement when Trump was elected back in November. that improvement was consolidated at the end of the year, reaching something close to 60 days of order book. And today, we are over 70 days in terms of our order book in the U.S. And this leads us to believe that our working capital demand in this first quarter will pick up. But year to date, we do not anticipate having any additional demand of working capital once we look at the entirety of the quarters. Thank you, Jean-Paul. So, Mari, over to you. Okay, thank you very much. In view of the time, we will now conclude the Q&A session, and I will turn the floor back to Gustavo for his final remarks. Well, certainly questions that have not been answered or if you have any additional questions, please feel free to contact our IR team. I would like to thank you all for joining us today. And I'll take this opportunity to invite you all to join us again in our next earnings release presentation related to the first quarter of 2025 that will take place on April 29th. Thank you very much and take care.