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Operator
Good afternoon and welcome to the General Motors Company first quarter 2022 earnings conference call. During the opening remarks, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. After the opening remarks, we will conduct a question and answer session. We are asking analysts to limit their questions to one and a brief follow-up. To ask a question, press star then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, press star and then 2. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded Tuesday, April 26, 2022. I would now like to turn the conference over to Ashish Kohli, GM's Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
spk03
Ashish Kohli Thanks, Sue. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us as we review GM's financial results for the first quarter of 2022. Our conference call materials were issued this afternoon and are available on the GM Investor Relations website. We are also broadcasting this call via webcast. Joining us today is Mary Barra, GM's chair and CEO, and Paul Jacobson, GM's executive vice president and CFO. In addition, Dan Burse, president and CEO of GM Financial, and Kyle Vogt, CEO of Cruise, will be joining us for the Q&A portion of the call. Before we begin, I would like to direct your attention to the forward-looking statements on the first page of our presentation. The content of our call will be governed by this language. And with that, I'm pleased to turn the call over to Mary.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Thanks, Ashish, and welcome to General Motors. And good afternoon, everyone. Today, my remarks will focus on the ways in which the disciplined approach to our transformation is fueling momentum that will establish General Motors as an EV and AV leader across our product portfolio, our patented Altium platform, and our supply chain, in addition to other initiatives. But I want to begin by thanking our employees, our dealers, our suppliers, and our unions for helping us deliver yet another strong quarter, a clear measure of the momentum we have. Our strong earnings in the first quarter were very similar to a year ago, and they show that we deliver on our commitments. Going forward, we have many revenue and cost opportunities to deliver our full-year guidance, which we are affirming today. Last quarter, we discussed our plans to launch more EVs faster because they are catalysts for our growth. We have been very deliberate in our approach to get EVs right and to get solutions that are scalable and position us for leadership in key segments like pickups, luxury, and affordable EVs, and deliver programs and services that support margin expansion. This includes the dedicated EV engineering group we formed in 2019 to develop the Altium platform, the software organization that we brought together when we created that same year to generate more reoccurring revenue by leveraging connectivity, and the foundation of that is our vehicle intelligence platform and now Altify. The EV growth organization we formed in 2020 to focus on the consumer experience, and to take out inefficiencies of our distribution system. The three battery plants we are opening in the United States between this summer and 2024, with a fourth plant to be announced shortly. The creation of a sustainable, scalable, and North America-focused EV supply chain to control our own destiny. And a manufacturing plan that leverages our talent and our scale, including the existing plants like Factory Zero, Spring Hill, Tammy, and Orian. and also our close partnership with Honda, which includes both EVs and AVs. We are now in a rapid launch cycle because of the investments we've made over the last several years. Taking these steps has allowed us to establish an unparalleled foundation on which to execute and scale. Because of this, our drive to produce 400,000 EVs in North America over the course of 22 and 23 is underway. For example, in this short span of time, The Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac brands will launch six five-volume EV products into luxury, SUV, and truck segments, all enabled by Ultium. We are also working on a fully electric Corvette, as Mark shared yesterday, as well as an electrified Corvette that will arrive next year. And I have to tell you, the response has been overwhelming. So by the end of 2025, we will have installed capacity to build 1 million EVs in North America, representing approximately $50 billion in annual revenue, and we will have three EV programs in North America, each with annual production volumes of more than 125,000 units with opportunities to expand. This is a great start toward delivering our $90 billion of EV revenue by 2030. Cadillac will be our first all-electric brand, and its journey began last month with the production launch of the Lyric. And like all of our EV entries to date, the response has been very strong. We will begin taking orders for the full range of Lyric models on May 19th, and production at Spring Hill will accelerate through the second half of the year and into 2023. And I have to tell you, I was at the plant last week and the Lyric looks absolutely great. We will also have more affordable models that will be a major source of growth for Chevrolet and Buick. We are quickly regaining momentum with the Bolt EV and EUV now that production has resumed. In fact, we plan to produce more than 50,000 Bolt EVs this year for global markets, including a record 40,000 deliveries in the U.S. The first high-volume Ultium-based SUVs for Chevrolet will launch next year. Chevrolet has already previewed the all-electric Blazer SS, its first fully electric SS model. We'll reveal the full vehicle in July and it goes into production mid-next year. In early fall, we will reveal the Equinox EV and the launch is scheduled just after the Blazer EV. With a starting price of around 30,000 MSRP, the Equinox EV is a true white space opportunity for us since most affordable EVs from Chevy's competitors start at $40,000 or more. Of course, our biggest growth opportunity in North America is in trucks. We have led the industry in full-size pickup sales for the last two years, and we will lead in EV pickups as well. We'll do it by leveraging the capability and flexibility of our purpose-built Altium platform and decades of truck design and engineering expertise, as well as extensive customer insight. The GMC Hummer EV pickup is just the beginning. People who have driven the Hummer EV confirm it is a super truck. One media influencer said, you somehow mixed a Raptor, TRX, Bronco, and Wrangler all in one package, made it electric, and better than all of them. We agree. March was our best month for the Hummer EV reservation since we unveiled the SUV a year ago. We now have more than 70,000 reservations for the pickup and SUV models, and we are accelerating production through 2022 and into 2023. You will see many of the Hummer EV's best attributes available in the Chevrolet Silverado EV, including superior range, faster fast-charging capability, four-wheel steering, Super Cruise, and a larger, far more flexible pickup cab and bed compared to our closest competitor. Just yesterday, we shared that Altium vehicles, including the Hummer EV and Silverado EV, have a new patented energy recovery system that uses heat from the battery packs to optimize range, performance, charging time, and passenger comfort without adding mass or cost. These are the kinds of Altium platform innovations that are driving a surge in Silverado EV demand and are an example of the benefits of taking the time to establish a dedicated and scalable platform. We are now at 140,000 reservations and growing, including retail customers and nearly 400 fleet operators, up from 240 last quarter. Production of the Silverado EV will begin at Factory Zero in Detroit Hamtramck in just 11 months, followed by Orion Assembly in 2024. We will begin building pre-production Silverado EVs in a matter of weeks. The supply chain supporting our EV production will also be a competitive advantage for us. Our strategy is to control our own destiny. So we forge long-term strategic relationships, we have invested alongside industry leaders and startups alike, and we are sourcing as much as possible from North America and strong trading partners like Australia. This includes rare earth material, permanent magnets, cathode active material, and lithium, as well as the cobalt agreement we announced this month with Glencore. We're also in the process of securing additional long-term supply agreements for nickel. Even as we scale our EV and AV businesses, which currently account for about 80% of our product capital spend, the earnings power of our ICE business will grow. In the first quarter, for example, we launched new versions of the Chevrolet Silverado and the GMC Sierra. These trucks have new designs, technology, and improved functionality, including a new 13.4-inch infotainment screen on most models, supercruise with hands-free trailering, and new off-road and premium models like the Silverado ZR2 and the Sierra Denali Ultimates. To help meet demand, we will add a third shift at our Oshawa assembly plant during the summer to build both light duty and heavy duty models. At the same time, we are executing major reductions in complexity and engineering expense across our ice portfolio. For example, we compressed the footprint for today's equinox and terrain from three to two plants, enabling us to create white space capacity for EV expansion. We also achieved about a 70% part sharing and reuse on these models, along with more than a 90% reduction in build combinations. We sharply reduced build combinations of the Silverado as well. And we're applying these significant cost-avoidance strategies across all of our next-gen ICE programs. For example, our next-generation Traverse, Enclave, and Acadia will have one-third fewer unique parts and launch with higher EBITs than today's models. I'd like to wrap up with an update on Cruise. During the quarter, we took the opportunity to increase our ownership position to approximately 80% because we are extremely bullish on the team's rapid progress toward commercialization. As Kyle shared on our last call, Cruise continues to make great progress safely and deliberately expanding its full driverless operations in San Francisco. Cruise is now operating in about 70% of the city, and is moving toward operating 24-7 across the entire city by the end of this year. Already, the fleet has traveled about 40 times the distance from San Francisco to New York City, all in driverless mode and all in a highly complex environment. This includes several hundred rides for members of the public. We'll have more cruise news to share as it completes the permitting process to charge for rides in San Francisco and as the cruise origin launch at Factory Zero approaches. And now I'd like to turn the call over to Paul.
Tammy
Thanks, Mary, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to join us today. We delivered a very strong first quarter, including over 10% year-over-year revenue growth, fueled by robust demand for our products, especially for our full-size trucks and SUVs. Our plants were largely running regular production as the team worked to overcome semiconductor and other supply constraints. Strong customer demand for our products has continued into April, with most vehicles continuing to turn immediately as they arrive at dealers. As Mary highlighted, we've continued to take strategic actions designed to create long-term shareholder value and prioritize investments in EVs and AVs that will help accelerate our growth. In the case of Cruise, we utilized approximately $3.5 billion in cash to capitalize on an opportunity to increase our ownership percentage from just over 60% to approximately 80%, at a very attractive private market valuation. Our increased ownership percentage in cruise triggered a reconsolidation for income tax purposes and lowered our expected full-year adjusted effective tax rate by three percentage points to approximately 20%. As a result, and to be transparent, we increased our full-year EPS diluted adjusted guidance by 25 cents to address this. This transaction is directly in line with our capital allocation priorities to invest in businesses that drive outsized growth opportunities, given the tremendous long-term potential we see at Cruise. Now let's turn to Q1 results. We generated $36 billion in revenue, $4 billion in EBIT adjusted, 11.2% EBIT adjusted margin, and $2.09 per share in EPS diluted adjusted. These results demonstrate the resiliency of the team and our ability to mitigate the impacts of higher commodity costs, as well as investments in our growth and EV transition. In fact, our results were similar to the first quarter of last year, despite $2.5 billion in higher costs, highlighting the strength of our products and the demand environment. Sequentially, we saw growth in total company wholesale volumes of 12% from Q4 2021, We recognize the consumer is facing inflationary pressures. However, we continue to see ongoing strong customer demand for our vehicles, including our refreshed full-size pickup trucks, as Mary mentioned. We were able to protect against significant plant downtime, and the team worked effectively to minimize the impact of continued short-term disruptions from semiconductor and other challenges. Overall, we see the availability of semiconductors continuing to improve and are working closely with our supply chain partners to help deliver our full year total company wholesale volume goal of 25 to 30% growth. Adjusted automotive free cash flow was breakeven for the quarter, an improvement of $1.9 billion year over year, driven by favorable working capital, partially offset by higher CapEx and non-recurrence of a GM financial dividend during the quarter. Now let's take a closer look at North America. In Q1, North America delivered EBIT adjusted of $3.1 billion, flat year over year, driven by strong pricing on our full-size trucks and SUVs, offset by higher commodity costs and investments in growth. We're also pleased to achieve EBIT adjusted margins in North America of 10.7%, on track with our 2022 full-year guidance of 10%. New vehicles have continued to turn very quickly, and U.S. dealer inventories remain tight at around 270,000 units, with much of this inventory in transit. That grounded inventory on dealer lots is less than 15 days. We continue to see ATP increases across our vehicle segments, including year-over-year increase of 10% for trucks and 20% for crossovers. While the first quarter presented challenges for commodity and logistics costs, our teams are working effectively to manage these dynamics, We have contractual protections in place for some commodities to help ensure supply and to provide some protection against cost volatility. We also made some proactive decisions early in the year to bolster our supply and provide pricing protection. For example, we secured palladium inventory that is sufficient to meet our production needs through the end of this year. Through these actions, our commodity and logistics headwinds year over year came in line with our expectation at around $1 billion in Q1. Consistent with prior guidance, we saw increased investments, primarily in engineering and software development resources, as we continue to vertically integrate to help drive revenue from our new hardware and software platforms. Now let's move to GM International. GMI delivered first quarter EBIT adjusted of $300 million, results consistent with Q1 2021. This included $200 million of equity income in China, down $100 million year over year, driven primarily by recent COVID impacts, partially offset by stabilization in pricing and continued cost actions. EBIT adjusted in GMI excluding China was $100 million, up $100 million year over year, with results driven by both favorable volume pricing and mix, partially offset by commodity and semiconductor impacts. We continue to see momentum in the international business, and I'm really proud of the work that the team has been doing. A few comments on GM Financial and corporate expenses. GM Financial delivered solid results again, driven by strong used vehicle prices and favorable credit performance, with Q1 EBT adjusted of $1.3 billion, up $100 million year over year. Used vehicle prices were modestly lower sequentially in Q1 to Q4, But we would not expect to see an impact unless used car values decline another 10% to 15% from current prices. Corporate expenses were $400 million in the quarter, almost exclusively driven by differences in year-over-year mark-to-market changes, which also includes the first quarter profitability for the whole company. Moving to cruise. As I mentioned earlier, we captured an opportunity in Q1 to acquire additional shares in Cruise, and we also initiated a program to provide an ongoing liquidity opportunity for Cruise employees. The liquidity opportunity included a modification to existing equity awards to remove the requirement for liquidity event vesting, resulting in Cruise recognizing a $1.1 billion compensation expense in Q1 for the awards that would have previously reached their time vesting threshold. We treated this expense as special for purposes of EBIT adjusted, given the expense would have been recognized previously under the modified terms. Going forward, future stock compensation expenses at Cruise will be recognized over the vesting period in earnings. Inclusive of the incremental stock compensation expenses, we expect full year 2022 expenses at Cruise to be approximately $2 billion. Turning to our 2022 outlook for the calendar year. We have a number of tools at our disposal as we've demonstrated to help offset higher costs and are taking active steps to ensure that we deliver on our full year 2022 guidance range of EBIT adjusted of 13 to $15 billion and North American margins of 10%. We're utilizing similar strategies as we have in the past to offset these commodity and logistics costs, which are currently projected to be approximately $2.5 billion higher than the $2.5 billion included in our original guidance earlier this year. These strategies include pricing actions, as well as holding additional inventory of key commodities to manage price and global trade volatility. And as Mary mentioned, we're also being proactive in finding cost efficiencies throughout the company. In summary, we're off to a good start to the year, and the team is laser focused in a dynamic environment. While at the same time executing on the launch of the Cadillac Lyric, accelerating production of the GMC Hummer EV, and preparing for our future mass market EV product launches. We are making the right long-term strategic decisions for the business, executing on our transformation that will support the long-term earnings power of the company, and creating significant value for the shareholders. We are very optimistic about the future of the company and our vision of an all-electric future. I will now turn it back over to Mary for one last comment.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Thanks, Paul. You know, I've said many times that the resiliency and creativity are drivers for our success. So is accountability. One reason why Cruise has accomplished so much so quickly is that the team is inspired by its mission and everyone has a financial stake in the company's success. The new equity compensation program Cruise created is designed to reinforce its culture and to help to continue to attract the best and the brightest talents. Kyle says it has been very well received, and it will help keep everyone focused on the mission at hand. At GM, our compensation has always been driven by the company's success, and no one should doubt our commitment to lead in EVs or the passion our team has for that mission. That's why this is the right time to directly link a significant part of the long-term compensation for me and every other GM executive to meeting our EV goals. Starting this year, we have added metrics for EV volumes in North America, EV launch timing, and EV launch quality to our existing EBIT margin and total shareholder return measures. The metrics are in place now, and they will appear in our proxy statement, which we'll file on April 29th. But I wanted to share the news today to underscore our commitment to our EV future. Now, Paul and I are happy to take your questions.
Operator
A reminder to analysts, We are asking to limit your questions to one and a brief follow-up so that we may get to everyone on the call. Our first question comes from Joe Spack with RBC Capital Markets. You may go ahead.
Joe Spack
Joe Spack Thanks for the time. Mary, in your letter you astutely highlighted that EV supply chain is important to control your own destiny and you've made some important announcements here on lithium cobalt. It sounds like something is coming on nickel. Can you help us a little bit, though, on the timing for those agreements? Assuming all goes to plan, how much raw input is already secured for that 400,000 units over that 22 to 23 time frame?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So, Joe, I'm not going to get into specific quantities, but what I would say is, you know, with all the work that we're doing, we feel very confident that we're going to be able to hit the 400,000 between 22 and 23 and get to a million units in North America and, you know, an additional million units in China by 2025. And we're even working on the 26 to 30 timeframe as, you know, we have pretty aggressive targets for our EV growth during that time. So, again, there's tremendous work that has gone on. It's been going on for well over a year. And we'll continue to announce things, not when we start working on them, but when we have signed agreements. So, again, I think this will be a competitive advantage for General Motors.
Joe Spack
On pricing, you know, you talked about the strong pricing opportunity. I guess I want to talk about pricing a little bit in the context of two different realms of your EV portfolio first. Is there scope and, you know, do you need to rethink pricing on the East Colorado given what we've seen on input costs? And then second, is the 30K Equinox BV, and I understand that's sort of an entry point, you know, low-end trim, but is that even still possible in today's cost environment?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
You know, I think it is, Joe. I mean, we understand affordability for those customers and we're going to work the equation, work The advantages that we have because of the scale that we're going to have, the continued work we do on improving the next generation chemistries for Altium, so we're not walking those prices back or up, I should say, I guess. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from Rod Lash with Wolf Research. You may go ahead.
Rod
Hi, everybody. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to just ask about inflation. In North America, we're seeing levels of inflation that we haven't seen for decades, and I was hoping you might be able to just talk to us high level about how that affects GM's strategy over the intermediate term. I see that you're expecting a 10% margin this year. As this kind of evolves and inventories normalize, rates go up, does this inflationary cost environment affect your ability to sustain this? Or maybe just talk to us a little bit about how you're thinking about that.
Tammy
Hey, good evening, Rod. Thanks for the question. I think when you look at the track record of the company over the last couple of years, we've been able to pass through the inflationary pressures that we've seen to the customer. And that's really, I think, on the backs and the strength of the product's that we've offered. You know, certainly lower inventory levels have helped that in the short run. So, you know, I think it's been a very good tool for us. I think the, you know, billion-dollar question is what happens when inflation is too much? And, you know, the thing we have to remember is these variables don't move independently. So, you know, in a world where we start to see inflation taking a toll on a consumer, you'd also expect there to be some reduction in commodity prices, et cetera, reflecting macro demand trends. So I think we're watching it very closely. And I think the message to take away from our first quarter performance, as well as going back through 2021, is the team's been very nimble and adept at managing through this. And that's the confidence that we have today, at least as we've given our guidance revision or our guidance reaffirmation. Sorry.
Rod
So just to clarify, is there any change going forward in the company's strategy as you sort of anticipate those effects on the consumer and rates going higher? And just as a follow-up, you had $2.2 billion of higher costs in North America in the quarter. Can you just give us a little bit more color on what was in that? It sounds like you had $1 billion of commodity, and now it's $5 billion for the year. Are you seeing similar increases over the course of the year from supplier content costs?
Tammy
Yeah, I mean, this is all based on sort of current forward curves and our expectations on what we know today. And I'm not trying to evade your question. I'm just trying to simply state that the world is very dynamic right now, right? So what we don't want to do is overreact to something that might not be here in six months or 12 months from now. So I think what we're doing and what the team has demonstrated, whether it's commercially or on the cost front, is we're doing the things necessary to hold the line in face of the pressure that we're seeing. So as long as we continue to do that, I don't think there's any change in the strategy of how we're executing that, and we feel comfortable with where we are right now.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Hey, Rod, the only other thing I would add to is we are seeing very strong demand for General Motors products. I mean, we have a new Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra coming out, very focused with what the customer is looking for. We think that's going to continue to drive strong demand. and really across all of our products, whether it's the Trailblazer all the way up to the full-size pickups and our mid-size utes as well. So I think we're going to continue to see, you know, from a GM perspective, our product portfolio is very strong.
Rod
Okay, thank you. And any color on just the supplier costs and whether those continue to increase from here?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So from a supply-based perspective, we continue to work with them. We understand that the supply base is being impacted by the current environment, and we're working with them in a very transparent manner to understand the specific impacts to their business, and then working together to identify efficiencies to help mitigate the headwinds or other measures that we have that we can take to make sure, you know, we need to make sure we keep a healthy and resilient supply base. So, that's the work that would have been, frankly, we do all the time and we'll continue to do that with our suppliers.
Rod
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next, we have Dan Levy with Credit Suisse. You may go ahead.
Dan Levy
Hi. Good evening. Thank you for taking the question. Mary, I want to just pick up on that last question, and this is just on the supply side. Maybe you could just walk us through the supply constraints and give us a sense of how to look at the different constraints out there. I think you mentioned semis. That's going to ease in the second half. Where are we on semis? And then as far as the Tier 2s, we're hearing periodically of some challenges on the Tier 2s. Maybe you can just talk through where the supply side is right now and at what point we can expect for you to return to full run rate production. I think on the prior call, you mentioned that you'd be at full run rate production in the back half of the year. And also, if you could address if Europe opposes a supply risk to you in any way.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So let me start with the last question. You know, because we don't have presence in Europe, although we do see that as a tremendous growth opportunity for our EV portfolio as we go forward, we aren't really seeing a lot of impact. You know, we work with our suppliers in understanding, you know, their tiers to make sure. So our supply chain exposure from a European perspective due to the tragic situation in the Ukraine is fairly limited. And, you know, we work to mitigate any of those risks. So that's from a Europe perspective. From a semiconductor, we are on track. We think we're going to see that 25% to 30% wholesale volume increase from last year to this year, and it will continue to get better, H2 being better than H1. I do see a trail into 2023 with semis, but I think we'll continue to mitigate that. You know, there are, there's other risks, you know, that we face on a, almost a daily or weekly basis with the supply chain that our team, you know, just continues to work and find solutions, find other sources. Couldn't be more pleased with the work that they're doing, so we'll continue that focus. And, you know, from a China perspective, you know, we are seeing some, what we think are green shoots with the government looking, first of all, deeming automotive and the supply base to be essential. and helping us find ways to keep production moving. And so with that, we think our current look, if that is executed as it's been discussed, we think there's an opportunity that will mitigate those lockdowns or mitigate the effects from the lockdowns because it's been a minimal impact so far. We recognize the situation is dynamic, though, so we continue to monitor it on a daily basis. So I guess, Dan, as I look overall, it's a very dynamic situation. There is some volatility with everything that's happening in the world, but we just try to get in front of it as quickly as we can and find solutions, which I think a proof point of us being able to do that is the strong results we had in Q1. Great.
Dan Levy
Thank you. And then as a second question, Mary, I want to go back to one of your presentations from one of the conferences a couple years ago, and I think you noted at that conference that you were on track for the vehicle development process to essentially be cut in half, going from, call it, four years to two years. I just want to ask if the EVs that you have in your portfolio and that are in your pipeline are tracking to this development pace, and to what extent we could potentially see accelerated timelines versus what you've announced, or are Is there just a simple reality that, you know, some of the supply constraints or the supply chain dynamics are still limiting the development time, the time from which you conceive a product to the time that it's ready to start to ramp on production?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So, you know, we delivered the Hummer on time to what we said and there were tremendous lessons learned. One of the benefits coming from having a dedicated EV platform and the way that it's a modular plug and play and the wireless battery control system that we are able to take time out of the VDP, our vehicle development process, sorry to use the acronym. We were able to, looking at that, pull the lyric ahead nine months. definitely looking at every learning that we have from that. And so it gives me confidence that we have shortened the time. Now, you know, going from and taking almost half the time out, I'm not ready to sign up that we're going to go even quicker than that. And I'm not going to say that's a supply base issue. You know, when you're developing an all-new vehicle and making sure it has the technology in it that customers expect, whether it's Super Cruise or everything from a connectivity and the upgradeability that Altify will enable, I think as we can continue on with the timing that we've demonstrated on Hummer and the Lyric, and I think that we're going to be focused. But that's going to allow us to have a pretty rapid clip of product launches. As you look at the Hummer SUV is coming, the Silverado EV, the Equinox, the Blazer, and the electrified Corvette. And I would say another enabler of that is our manufacturing transition and the ability that we're not starting from ground, you know, looking for a piece of property and then looking through the whole permitting process. We're transitioning our manufacturing footprint. And not only does that give us a timing advantage on, you know, turning the facility over, which we've now demonstrated with Factory Zero and with Spring Hill, But also, we have a trained, talented workforce that we're leveraging and is, again, based on my trip, I've been at a couple of our plants lately and they're super excited with the new products they're rolling out. So, I think the speed that we've been able to bring EVs on is something that will continue.
Dan Levy
Great. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Next, we have Mark Delaney with Goldman Sachs. You may go ahead.
Mark Delaney
Yeah, thank you very much for taking the question. The auto industry has been very successful at raising price in North America and at least, if not more than offsetting some of the cost pressures. You mentioned in the call today price being a potential tool to continue to offset the increasing cost pressures that you're seeing this year. Can you talk about your confidence in being able to pass on higher prices to consumers given some of the signs of weakness in consumer spending of late?
Tammy
Yeah. Hey, Mark. Thanks for the question. You know, I think as we've talked about, the demand that we see for our vehicles is quite strong with most vehicles, you know, essentially being spoken for as soon as they deliver to the dealerships. And you see that in the fact that while production is up, grounded inventory remains quite low. So we've got really strong demand. I think the new pickups are also a big piece of that going forward. So You know, whether the confidence is in the data we see and whether that's unique to GM because of the high quality of our products, we haven't seen any demonstrated weakness from that perspective going forward. We have to be nimble though. And, you know, as I mentioned to an earlier question, you know, we have to watch that balance between the strength of the consumer as well as what we see in the input costs, et cetera, and making sure that we've got alignment on that. But as what the team has done is, you know, we look at both go-to-market strategies as well as cost reduction. And we've been targeting that. And I think the team's done a really good job. So we've got to be nimble and flexible. But right now, we see nothing but strength in the consumer and the demand for GM products.
Mark Delaney
That's helpful, Paul. Thank you. And my other question was a follow-up on some of the comments you made about Cruise and the ability for employees to be able to monetize their holdings even while Cruise is private. Do you have any more details you can share on that, you know, any data points in terms of employee retention or recruiting given this, you know, ability for them to monetize their stakes? Thank you.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Yeah, you know, Kyle Vogt is on the phone. So I think, Kyle, if you'd like to take that question.
Kyle Vogt
Sure. Thanks, Mary. And thanks, Mark, for the question. So I guess what you're getting at is did this work? And the answer is unequivocally yes. We've seen attrition go down substantially even early this year to pre-COVID levels, which is really good. We also ran an engagement survey, and our engagement is up substantially compared to Q3 2021, the last time we measured it, and it was actually our largest jump ever. Career page visits are up substantially, and we have really favorable comments from existing employees and perhaps more importantly candidates that are in the pipeline. So, you know, the reactions exceeded our expectations, and that's really what we hoped for, given that this was specifically targeted to help us attract, you know, the world's best talent to come work on AVs, but also retain the great talent that we have.
Operator
Great. Thanks, Kyle. Thank you. The next question is from Itai McKelly with Citi. You may go ahead.
Kyle
Great. Thanks. Good evening, everybody. So going back to pricing, maybe for Paul, I was hoping you can maybe help us dimension how much incremental pricing you're kind of modeling for the rest of the year relative to Q1. And within that, sort of how much is it sort of industry pricing strength just from the supply-demand tightness you talked about relative to GM-specific pricing opportunities from some of your new products like the new trucks that you're rolling out? Because it does seem like you have some opportunity to narrow pricing gaps relative to segment averages. I'm just curious how much of that is playing into the outlook for the rest of the year.
Tammy
Yeah, thanks, Utah. I won't get into any specific pricing strategies about the future and what we're doing. I think, you know, at the end of the day, as we've said, the consumer's demand for our products is quite strong. So when you look at the ability to capture price and demand from the content additions and the the upgrades that we've made to the new model pickup trucks, that's well within the strategy and certainly what we've seen going forward. I think there's an industry component. As we said at the beginning of the year, we don't expect industry inventories to increase substantially this year, even in the face of our own higher production, which I think has been a little bit more robust than what we've heard from some of our competitors going forward. We think the supply-demand construct across the industry is good, and when you look at the combination of that with our products and what we've seen from our consumers, that's what gives us some of that confidence going forward in terms of our ability to maintain where we are.
Kyle
That's helpful. And then just a follow-up on EV, and thank you for the updated disclosures on the reservations. Curious if you can kind of share... where you're seeing these reservations from a regional perspective, and particularly around the coastal markets in the U.S., where your market share historically has been lower. So, David, can you maybe talk a little bit about the regional split in the EV reservations?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Yeah, we definitely are seeing not only new customers to General Motors, but we are seeing a focus from both the east and the west coast where there already is a stronger demand. So what we predicted that we would see is because we tend to underperform from what I call our fair share perspective on the coast, we are seeing exactly what we said, that that was an opportunity for us to seize. We're seeing that in the reservations and also bringing new people to the company.
Kyle
That's very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next is John Murphy with Bank of America. You may go ahead.
John Murphy
Good evening, everybody. And I apologize in advance, but I'm going to stick on pricing for a second. There are many layers of pricing, right? There's the actual or the transaction price that the consumer pays. There's the MSRP. Then there's the invoice that you get paid from the dealer. And then there's other things on dealer holdback and floor plan assistance that impacts the net price that you realize from the vehicles from your dealers. So as you look at this, you're benefiting from strong price, but your dealers are actually benefiting even more so with GPUs that are almost astronomical at the moment. I'm just curious if there's any change in the way that you're looking at the relationship in pricing to the dealers, maybe increasing invoice more than you're increasing MSRP or changing floor plan terms or anything like that. Because there's sort of a, you know, arguably egregious grosses on the dealer side that might be earned that, you know, might be better deserved by the folks that deployed billions of dollars of capital to generate it.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So, appreciate the question. And first of all, you know, we do believe over the long term people will see that our dealer network is a competitive advantage. They're highly experienced. We have not only the ability to meet the customer where they want, whether they want to do something completely online, or actually go to the store which a lot of the customers as we look at them, they still want to go in and literally kick the tires. But what we have been doing is working together to unlock efficiencies to find a better way to serve the customers and to leverage those efficiencies so we both reduce the overall cost of sale as opposed to looking at how the pie is divided. And we've been very successful at doing that. As we roll out the new digital retail platform that we showed at Investor Day, I think that is going to be something that is going to be a huge enabler to reduce the cost of the sale. And again, we will share in that, a piece of that. We're confident in our plans and we have the support of our network. We have over 95% of our Chevrolet EV dealers signing up to the platform and preparing for a phased rollout yet this year. And that's going to give customers the opportunity they can expect to have accurate, transparent pricing. And they also will be able to compare across dealers. So we think that the work that we're doing with our dealers, because we see them as a partner in making sure the customer has an overall exceptional customer ownership experience, is going to be a distinguisher.
John Murphy
But Mary, I'm sorry, so as we think about the MSRP increases that may be announced, should we think about the invoice going up in a linear fashion with those MSRPs? I'm just curious because the invoice is obviously a lot different than the MSRP.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Well, you know, as we look at MSRPs, if we see, you know, there's a small handful of dealers that are not behaving consistent with the agreement we have with them. And we deal with them and they lose allocation. For the most part, our dealers are respecting the MSRP. I have actually had dealers send me letters committing to me that they're doing that. So we address those handful of exceptions, but for the most part, I think that's what customers will see.
John Murphy
Okay. And just a quick follow-up. I apologize. I may have missed this. The wholesale volume assumption that goes into the FY22 guidance, I haven't seen it. Maybe I missed it in a press release or something, but I think you guys were talking about 25% to 30% before. Is that something that's still being reiterated, or is that Has that changed?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Has that changed? Yes.
John Murphy
Great. Thank you very much.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Hey, and before we go to the next question, I think in answer to Itay's question, I found the information. For example, on the Silverado EV, 60% of the reservations are new to GM. 70% of the reservations are from east and west coast so that was I didn't want to quote the numbers without confirming them but each a that's the the numbers behind my answer to your question operator we can move on thank you next we have Adam Jonas with Morgan Stanley you may go ahead thanks everyone hi Mary and I said hi you said there's a handful of your
Adam
dealers that are charging over MSRP. Could you be specific and give us a percentage of your volume that is transacting over MSRP in real time in North America?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Adam, it is small. And like I said, we address it, especially those that, you know, it's a high, high number. So I don't have a percent off the top of my head. But again, it's Our dealers and, you know, we have done a lot of work with our dealers over the last couple of years, especially as they sign into our agreements and make the investments necessary to sell EVs. So I'm very confident we will continue to work with our dealers to serve the customer well and provide a great customer experience.
Adam
Okay, Mary. And then there are some EV peers of yours that are citing concerns that there will be There's an emerging battery shortage, okay, or at least bottlenecks in the supply chain that could really limit the plant. Some of your remarks already, but I just want to ask it this way. Is there any part of your battery supply chain?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Hey, Adam, you're fading out. I heard you say, is there any part of your battery supply chain, and then you faded out.
Adam
Sorry, is there any part of your battery supply chain that does present, that you think presents a risk to your volume targets at this point? I understand the situation's fluid, but wanted to give you a chance to flag any area that's getting a little extra attention from you.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
You know, for the numbers that we put out, the 100,000 in 22 and 23 and the million by 2025, barring something completely unforeseen, I think, you know, that's where we are, and we're working to find upside opportunities.
Kyle Vogt
Thanks, Mary.
Operator
Next, we have Emmanuel. Thank you. Next, we have Emmanuel Rosner with Deutsche Bank. You may go ahead.
Emmanuel
Thank you very much. I was hoping you could help me better understand the outlook for this year, the way you see it now versus maybe two or three months or so ago. So, it seems on the cost side, at least, the commodities are maybe $2.5 billion a larger headwind than you thought a few months ago. What are the offsets here? I think at the time you were thinking pricing would remain strong, but not necessarily up year over year. Are you thinking now pricing could actually be up? And then on the cost efficiency side, can you maybe talk about some of the opportunities that you have to create some of these offsets? And then just one more on this. Is it also a function of where within the guidance is your base case? Obviously, it's a $2 billion-wide EBIT guidance. So is it also the case that you may have thought you would be at the higher end and now you would be at the lower end, or is that not the case at all?
Tammy
Hey, Emmanuel. Thanks for the question. So, you know, I think it's a combination of things. Yes, we've talked about the $2.5 billion of incremental pressure We hadn't commented specifically about the assumptions in terms of pricing, but I think what you've heard from us today is that we're reasonably confident about the pricing environment and the demand that we see for GM vehicles and what we've been able to achieve. And we talked about in the prepared remarks about the price increases we've seen year over year from that perspective. The second piece of it is going back to what we said about the full year, we talked about couple of billion dollars of discretionary cost increases related to you know putting in the foundation for future growth there's room to prioritize within that in terms of understanding what's converting to revenue sooner rather than later and making sure that we maintain flexibility I think if you go back to our remarks we talked about we we were putting that cost inflation in because we had the comfort around the environment at the time and while we've seen a cost pressures on inflation. It allows us to go in and continue to manage that going forward. So between, you know, using that discretion and prioritizing new ads as well as looking at core cost improvement in the business as we've done, I think the track record of the company is really, really strong. You know, go back to the programs that we did, the four to four and a half billion that we said was done by 2020. The work that we've done in GMI by improving profitability, almost $2 billion over where it was in 2018, points to the team's ability to do that. So while we haven't done an aggregate number that some of our competitors have done, I think when you look at the ability of the team to execute and the results that we've posted over the last several quarters in the face of this adversity, I think the team should get some credit for that.
Emmanuel
Understood. And then just quickly the second part about where in the guidance you sort of feel more comfortable. And then as a follow-up question I was hoping to ask on the cruise recurring liquidity program, are you able to give us some early data on how popular that has been, how many employees have availed themselves of the opportunity, And what is the expected, I guess, liquidity cost to GM this year?
Tammy
Yeah, I'll take the first part, which is actually the second part of your first question. But, you know, I think we're comfortable with the 13 to 15, as we've said that from the beginning. And there's a lot moving around, as we've said, from the beginning of the year. And nothing has changed from that perspective. You know, I would say that we're in a very similar spot to where we were in an earlier quarter. You know, the inputs and the outputs may change considerably, but I think we're pretty consistent with where we've been.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
And on the cruise question, it's really too early in the first tender offer to start giving any of those numbers. So it's too early to share anything there.
Emmanuel
Understood. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next is Ryan Brinkman with JP Morgan. You may go ahead.
Ryan Brinkman
Hi. Thanks for taking my question, which is another one on battery metals. Relative to the upcoming long-term supply contract for nickel and the one that you recently secured for cobalt, can you confirm if these agreements are to ensure the supply of only a certain quantity of material or whether there is also any ability to somehow ensure that a certain price also or help insure, which I think is a lot harder. And then in light of the answer to that question, how do you think about the risk of taking orders for battery electric vehicles at a certain MSRP only for battery metal prices to change significantly in the time between the order intake and production, which I'm estimating for some vehicles like the Silverado could be more than a year. When the metals prices are gyrating so much month to month or even day to day, Is there any way to hedge this exposure or might, as crazy as it sounds, even vertical integration of the supply, the mining, I don't know, somehow even make sense? Just curious how you're thinking about this complicated issue.
Tammy
Hey, Ryan. Thanks for that. I'll start and Mary, of course, can add too. What I would say is we've talked about the supply agreements being a mix of a lot of different structures, right? We've talked about where we're funding some capital, where we're doing pre-orders, take or pay, we're partnering with people on strategic ventures, et cetera. So there's quite a wide variety and mix of pricing mechanisms depending on how those structures work. So to the extent that we do have some pricing exposure, we of course have the ability to hedge some of that in the markets going forward. So we're trying not to overreact in the short run, but rather strike the right long-run balance for where we want to end up. And I think the team has executed that very, very well so far.
Ryan Brinkman
Very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next is Brian Johnson with Barclays. You may go ahead.
Brian Johnson
Hi, Mary and Paul. Thanks. I want to step back and ask kind of a broader strategic slash organizational question given to me. which, you know, as I talk about with people could make a great business goal case study. Your principal crosstown competitors chosen a very different approach to EVs, both in terms of the level of pre-planning in the organization that is kind of rushing the market with a minimal viable product and then backfilling and creating a separate dev organization from the ICE organization. You know, how have you thought about it at GM where you're not pursuing a similar new co, old co type of organizational strategy?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So, you know, I think I appreciate that you recognize that we made the investments, you know, a handful of years ago that gives us the LTM platform where we really can do products like the Silverado EV that don't have any compromises with, you know, higher range, faster fast charging, you know, things like four-wheel steer, You know, all because of a ground up design. And I think everybody needs to also recognize that this platform is going to give us scalability that will lead to a cost advantage and a high degree of reuse. So, I definitely think I'm very happy that we made those changes. And, you know, when you really get in and look at the organizational structure, we already have a dedicated team that works on the whole EV propulsion system. We have a dedicated vice president where all the EV programs, all the chief engineers and all the EV programs report. We have EV Grow that looks at how we're going to go to market and has led the creation of the digital retail platform that we shared last year. We, in part of the 2018 transformation that we did, we pulled all the software together and since that point in time, so since 2018, early 19, we have had all that software together, and I think that's what's allowed us to accelerate. And we started rolling out the vehicle intelligent platform, which gives us pretty much over-the-air capability across the whole vehicle in 2019, and it's come out in every vehicle. And now we're taking that to the next level with Altify. So when you look at the structure of our company, a lot of the key work that needs to be done to enable our EV success was put in place in 18, 19, and 20. And as we look across, and I spend a lot of time talking to our employees across the whole organization, and no matter what they're working on, they're excited to be a part of our all EV future. Let's remember at General Motors, over 40% of our salaried employees and even higher percent of our technical talent has been with the company five years or less. And so they're here because of the mission for EVs. And we believe every single one of them is valuable and has an important role to play in our future EV, whether they're working on EVs today or they work on seats or they work on software design or interior design. All those things exist in an EV as well. So I think the way we've really focused on what organizations need to be there so we lead in EV execution with the scale and the high reuse that enables us to take time out of our VDP is where we're focused.
Brian Johnson
And just a quick follow-on. On those EV product architecture, battery, et cetera, motor decisions, again, competitors will talk about rapid cycle decision-making mid-model year, not just mid-platform, refreshes, changes of technology. So how do you make sure that that part of the organization remains agile as opposed to, plans late in 2017, 2018, 2019 that might, frankly, not be the right given current market conditions or new technologies?
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Well, so two components of that. First, from a software perspective, we've already rolled out VIP and we're already taking it to the next level with Altify, which is going to really improve the speed at which we can make changes and make your product better after you buy it, that you can download or have over-the-air updates of features that didn't even exist when you bought the vehicle. So I think the mindset of agile, quick, and the vehicle just keeps getting better is well rooted in our software organization. And then when you look from an Altium perspective, you know, remember Altium is chemistry agnostic. We're working with many other companies and doing internal research that we will have, you know, to have the best battery chemistry and the Altium platform allows for that. It's upgradable. It even reads, you know, you can have variation within the platform. So, you know, I think there was a lot of work that went into how Altium was designed to give it the plug and play and knowing that chemistry was going to keep changing and we needed to be agile because we can continue to work on taking cost out and improving energy density.
Brian Johnson
Okay, thanks.
Operator
Thank you. Our last question comes from Philippe Couchois with Jefferies. You may go ahead.
spk12
Yes, good afternoon and thank you. I've got two quick questions, maybe more housekeeping. But the first one is earlier this year, like many other commenters, you guided to financial services, you know, having lower contribution in 2022 compared to last year. I look at your Q1. Your Q1 is actually better than last year. You didn't have as much of a spike in contribution from financial services last year on some of your peers, quarter by quarter. And I'm just wondering, do we still, should we still think of an easing of that contribution or is the tightness in the market creates an opportunity to maybe have similar earnings in 2022? And the other question was, I think at some point in the remarks, you made a comment about cruise costs without $2 billion. Do you have any revenue guidance to put against that as you launch the commercial service, or should we consider that the $2 billion cost is basically your EBIT for the year? Thank you.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
So on the first question, Dan Burse is on the line. So Dan, do you want to take that one?
Dan Burse
Yeah, sure, Mary. So we earned $5 billion pre-tax last year, and our guide for 2022 is $3.5 to $4 billion. So we do see a tail-off in earnings. Now, the first quarter was quite strong, but in the rest of the year, you know, two really things to consider. Number one, our residual gains will be less, primarily because of lower off-lease volume, and gains per unit will be less because we've slowed depreciation, raising book values. So even if we get the selling prices that we're seeing in the used car market today, The book value is higher, so the gains are lower. And then the other factor on residuals is, you know, as we go out to lead determinations in 23 and 24, we've really been quite conservative in our marks for those years. You know, 22 maturities, yes, we're taking full advantage of market strength, but as we go out to 23 and 24, we have not slowed depreciation as much. Then the other factor is on the credit side. We do expect normalization of credit as we go through 22, both from a frequency standpoint and a recovery rate standpoint. So those two factors would be the difference between the $5 billion and our guide at 3.5 to 4 for the year.
Tammy
And, Philippe, it's Paul. With respect to the cruise question, what I'll say is we haven't given any revenue guidance at all specifically as it relates to cruise. And I'll offer Kyle the opportunity if he wants to talk about anything in terms of the commercial migration and where we are to the extent you haven't already done it, Kyle, if you want.
Kyle Vogt
Sure, Paul. Real briefly, I mean, just as a reminder, we're one permit away from being able to charge for rides, which would be the beginning of our generation of significant revenue. We're the only AV company in California to have applied for that permit and the only AV company carrying members of the public in an urban market, which is the only kind of place where early AV robo-taxi fleets are going to be a viable business. But, you know, we're on track this year. We're doing really well. We've expanded our geofence from 30% of San Francisco to over 70%, increased the size of our fleet, and have expanded the hours of operation once. And we're progressing, as Mary said, towards that full 24-7 operation. We do believe, though, this is going to be highly disruptive, you know, both in the long term for personal car ownership and the short term for ride-hailing type businesses based on early customer feedback. And right now we're maniacally focused on making sure that we delight our early customers and build a foundation for a really strong business down the road.
Operator
Thanks, Kyle.
Kyle Vogt
Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. I'd now like to turn the call over to Mary Barra for her closing comments.
Ashish Kohli Thanks
Well, great. Well, thanks, everybody. Paul and I and Kyle and Dan really appreciate all of your questions. You know, as we move through this year, I want to reiterate, we're now in execution mode because we are building on the investments we made over the last several years with Altium and with the products that we put together with the shortening of the VDP. And when we look going forward, we have incredible momentum with, you know, three battery plants between now and 24 and another to be announced shortly, as well as the conversion of four of our plants either happened or happening in this timeframe. So we're just going to keep executing and keep working toward our EV leadership goal. And, you know, I think we have a team that has demonstrated that we're going to capitalize on opportunities. We're going to solve challenges and work with our stakeholders across the company to do just that. That's our commitment to you, and that's our commitment to our investors to really create value over the long term. And so appreciate your commitment, and thanks. I hope everybody has a great evening.
Operator
Thank you. That concludes the conference call for today. Thank you for joining.
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