Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc.

Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Innovative Industrial Properties second quarter 2025 earnings conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touchtone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note that this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Eli Cantor, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you for joining the call. Presenting today are Alan Gold, Executive Chairman, Paul Smithers, President and Chief Executive Officer, David Smith, Chief Financial Officer, and Ben Regan, Chief Investment Officer. Before we begin, I'd like to remind everyone that statements made during today's conference call may be deemed forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and actual results may differ materially due to a variety of risks, uncertainties, and other factors. Please refer to the documents filed by the company with the SEC, specifically the most recent reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q, which identify important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. In addition, on today's call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial information, such as FFO, normalized FFO, and AFFO. You can find this information together with reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure in our earnings release issued yesterday, as well as in our 8K filed with the SEC. I'll now hand the call over to Alan.

Thanks, Eli. Good morning, and thank you for joining our call. Yesterday, we announced our first expansion outside of the cannabis industry with a strategic investment in IQHQ, a leading private life science retail. This investment underscores our conviction in the long-term fundamentals of the life science industry and provides IIP a unique opportunity to accretively deploy capital while adding industry and tenant diversification to our portfolio and positioning us to continue driving growth and creating long-term value for our shareholders. IQHQ was founded in 2019 and has raised over $4 billion of equity capital since inception. Its current portfolio, including both operational and underdevelopment properties, totals over 5 million square feet with additional pipeline potential, all located in the leading and largest global life science markets in Boston, South San Francisco, San Diego, and the Golden Triangle in the UK. Within the overall life science real estate market, we anticipate improving fundamentals with new deliveries in 2025 trending down compared to prior years and continued deceleration and construction starts expected in the near term. In addition, life science fundraising in 2025 is on track to be its highest since 2021, further underscoring investors' confidence in the long-term fundamentals of the industry. This investment at this entry point positions us to capitalize on these long-term secular tailwinds. The total commitment of $270 million is expected to be highly accretive to AFFO, carrying a blended yield exceeding 14%. Our investment includes $100 million investment in IQHQ's revolving credit facility to be funded at closing, and future funding of up to $170 million invested in IQHQ preferred stock to be funded over time. We expect to fund these investments with a combination of cash on hand, draws from the company's revolving credit facility, and future financing activities. While we continue to evaluate investment opportunities in the cannabis industry, this investment provides complementary growth opportunities to enhance our investment pipeline, including a right-of-first offer on all future asset sales by IQ HQ, providing potential pipeline opportunities on over 5 million square feet of leading life science real estate for IIP. Our management team brings decades of experience in the life science industry, most recently in biomed reality, giving us the expertise to leverage our existing platform to drive accretive growth for our shareholders. As we continue to execute on our plan and drive value within our cannabis portfolio, we are excited to announce this return to accretive growth with our investment in IQ HQ. With that, I'll now turn the call over to Paul. Paul?

Thanks, Alan. Good morning, everyone. We are very excited about the IQHQ opportunity we announced and the growth potential for IIP. At the same time, we remain proud of our position as a pioneering and leading provider of real estate to the regulated cannabis industry. Although the cannabis industry continues to face challenges, including persistent macroeconomic uncertainty and an unpredictable regulatory backdrop, it is still forecasted to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 7% from 2024 to 2029, reaching $44 billion by 2029. As we noted on our last call, we're focused on optimizing occupancy across our portfolio to strengthen our tenant credit profiles and are actively pursuing all legal remedies available to enhance the performance of our real estate portfolio. I'd like to provide some additional color on our progress with each tenant. Forefront Ventures filed for bankruptcy protection in Canada and for voluntary receivership in Massachusetts with Opus Consulting Partners appointed as a receiver. In addition, we are in active discussions with the U.S. receiver and bankruptcy trustee regarding the properties and related claims. We continue to work closely with outside counsel to protect our legal interests and pursue our rights under the leases. Gold Flora is currently in receivership. We have intervened in the proceeding to actively protect our legal interests and remain in ongoing discussions with the receiver regarding the receivership and sale process. We successfully worked with the receiver to terminate the lease on one asset previously leased to Goldflora and are actively pursuing releasing opportunities. We will continue to monitor the sale process and provide updates as we are able. With respect to Pharmacan, we have commenced formal legal proceedings to regain possession of the remaining properties they continue to occupy, including cultivation facilities located in Illinois, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, and five retail properties located in Colorado. We are working closely with local council to pursue all of our rights and remedies under the leases and related guarantees, including pursuing monetary claims. These legal processes vary by state and are subject to the timelines of local jurisdictions, which makes it difficult to estimate the timing for recovery of these properties. However, we are diligently working through these processes as efficiently as possible and will provide updates as developments occur. In regards to Tilt Holdings, they have made regularly monthly partial rent payments since April and we continue to reserve all of our rights under the leases while working in good faith with Tilt to reach a resolution with respect to their outstanding financial obligations in conjunction with the planned divestiture of their plant-touching businesses. As TILT announced last month, they have entered into a strategic agreement with MerryMed in Pennsylvania, where MerryMed intends to assume day-to-day management of operations at our Pennsylvania asset commencing in September. We will continue to provide updates on TILT's progress as we are able. We are committed to providing updates on all our proceedings and expected timing as we navigate through this process. However, we are still in the early stages. While we are encouraged by growing bipartisan support for cannabis reform, We continue to operate in a federally constrained environment. Despite nearly 90% of Americans supporting legal medical cannabis, according to Pew Research, and a majority of Republicans backing reform, meaningful federal action remains elusive. Reclassification to Schedule 3 would represent a critical first step, easing the tax burden on operators and improving access to capital. We continue to see signs of resilience and long-term opportunity in the U.S. cannabis market. Notably, cannabis is outperforming traditional consumer categories in volume growth, outpacing alcohol, tobacco, and even beverages like bottled water and energy drinks, underscoring its staying power as a consumer product. At the state level, we are monitoring adult use legalization efforts in Florida and Pennsylvania. In Texas, while the medical program remains highly restrictive, Governor Abbott recently signed legislation increasing the number of licenses in the state from 3 to 15, adding qualifying conditions to the program and raising the cap on product potency. We are also very encouraged by the strong sales growth in Maryland, New York, and Ohio, where adult use conversations and an expanding consumer base are driving double-digit increases in sales. One of the most pressing challenges operators face is the persistent and growing threat of the illicit market. This is not just a matter of unlicensed operators undercutting legal businesses. It's a deeply entrenched transnational issue. Investigative reporting has highlighted the rise of international organized crime groups that have established a dominant presence in the illegal marijuana trade across the U.S. These networks not only undermine regulated markets, but are also linked to broader criminal activities, including money laundering, human trafficking, and violence. Their operations exploit regulatory gaps, overwhelm local enforcement, and jeopardize the safety and reputation of legitimate operators. Just last quarter, California alone seized nearly 185,000 pounds of illegal canvas valued at $500 million. These figures underscore a fraction of the issue and the need for stronger, coordinated enforcement efforts at both the state and federal levels. I'd like to now turn the call over to Ben. to discuss our investment, disposition, and leasing activity. Ben? Thanks, Paul.

Despite the challenges of the current environment, we have continued to execute on multiple fronts within our existing portfolio. Year to date, we have closed on a $7.8 million acquisition in Maryland, completed two dispositions totaling $10.8 million in Michigan and California, and executed two new leases totaling 211,000 square feet, also in Michigan and California. In addition, as Alan touched on, we closed on a new investment with IQHQ, a private life science REIT with large-scale operating and development assets located in transit-rich hubs within the top life science real estate markets in the world. The current portfolio is targeted to encompass over 5 million square feet once all development projects have been completed, with meaningful future development potential in the owned pipeline. Our investment into the revolving credit facility and preferred stock will sit senior to all common equity in IQHQ and add a discount to replacement costs of the underlying assets, providing strong risk-adjusted returns. Looking ahead, our overall pipeline remains robust, including both cannabis investments and additional opportunities to deploy capital in the life science industry. As part of our IQHQ investment, IIP was granted a right of first offer for any future asset sales by IQHQ. As Alan mentioned, this ROFO alone provides for a potential pipeline of future acquisitions exceeding 5 million square feet of Class A Premier Life Science real estate. We will continue to pursue these opportunities selectively, focusing on the highest quality investments with the most attractive risk-adjusted returns for our shareholders. We remain confident with the plan we have in place and the experienced management team we have to execute on that plan. And with that, I'll hand it over to David.

Thank you, Ben. For the second quarter, we generated total revenues of $62.9 million, a 12% decrease from the first quarter of this year. The decrease was primarily driven by the tenant defaults we previously disclosed in March. This decline was partially offset by additional funding of building improvements that resulted in base rent increases and contractual rental escalations. Adjusted funds from operations for the second quarter was $48.4 million, or $1.71 per share, a decrease of 12% compared to the first quarter of 2025, driven primarily by the same factors affecting revenue. Our balance sheet remains in excellent shape, backed by 2.6 billion in primarily unencumbered gross assets. We maintain a simple, low-leverage capital structure with only $291 million in fixed-rate debt outstanding. We also finished the quarter with strong liquidity, exceeding $190 million through cash on hand and an undrawn revolver. providing ample financial flexibility to fund future growth, including the IQHQ investment we announced yesterday. And we remain committed to maintaining a conservative financial profile highlighted by a low debt-to-gross assets ratio of 11% and a robust debt service coverage ratio exceeding 15 times. On the capital markets front, during the quarter, we repurchased 367,000 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $53.98 per share for a total cost of $19.8 million, which we accretively funded through the use of cash on hand and preferred stock that we issued during the quarter. In summary, our continued financial strength is evident in our prudent balance sheet management, ample liquidity, and disciplined capital allocation. As we look ahead, we remain confident that our robust financial position will support ongoing growth and deliver lasting value for our shareholders. With that, we thank you for joining the call and would like to open it up for questions. Operator, could you please open the call for questions?

Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then 1 on your touchtone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then 2. And at this time, we'll pause momentarily for the first question. And our first question today will come from Tom Catherwood with BTIG.

Please go ahead. Thanks and good morning, everybody. So I recognize the benefit the IQ HQ investment can have for IAP's earnings and growth. That said, life science real estate still faces challenges and IQ HQ has dealt with headwinds of its own. Can you walk us through the real estate investment case specifically for IQHQ? What is the business plan? How is the company overcoming challenges? And why is now the right time to invest in this specific company?

Tom, we certainly can, but I just want to back up and just remind, we didn't make an investment in the real estate. We made an investment in an operating company that's invested in the life science sector, along with having the opportunity to take advantage of what's going on in the AI industry and the demand from AI software type companies who are looking for high quality real estate. Now, so again, we didn't invest in life science real estate. We believe from our expertise and historical knowledge that the life science industry, yes, is at an inflection point. It has had a very difficult three and a half, almost four years. And those owners of existing life science real estate have had a very difficult time. We believe that the industry has an opportunity to recover, and that recovery has begun, and that valuations are still extremely low, are starting to move in a very positive way. As a financial investment, our investment in IQ HQ very well thought out, very well researched. It follows our, I think, very simple business plan of investing in sale leasebacks for the cannabis industry. We have made financial investments in a revolving credit facility and future commitments in the preferred series in IQ HQ. I mean, I think I might, you know, the capital stack, let me turn that over to Ben to really talk about IQ HQ's capital stack and where we fit within that capital stack.

Yeah, sure. Thanks, Alan. Hey, Tom. Yeah, we believe on top of this being an accretive transaction, as you mentioned, that it is a very, you know, safe, secure investment in that we sit in front of the approximately $4 billion in equity that IQHQ has raised since inception. We believe that our spot in the capital stack represents a material discount to replacement costs. There's the property level debt, and then we are the most secure position behind that within the capital stack, again, ahead of the $4 billion that IQHQ has raised.

Okay. And then specifically on IQHQ and what this money goes towards and kind of the business plan for them, What does this get them to, and what was it that attracted you to that? There's a missing piece where I get the broader recovery in the sector that we're looking for, and we see the green shoots there. But what was it about IQHQ's opportunity specifically that you thought this capital was useful for?

Yeah, well – So specifically because of our insight or unique knowledge and expertise with IQHQ and with the life science industry, and our due diligence of researching and the markets that they're in, we believe that IQHQ's portfolio is well positioned to take advantage of the AI demand and what we believe future demand for the life science industry. Now, what this capital provides, this capital along with other capital that has been provided to IQHU gives them the ability to, one, complete their existing developments, two, complete the lease up of a very strong and high-quality portfolio that are located in some of the best markets for the life science sector and even for the AI tech boom, and gives them the ability to do those things and the time to accomplish that goal. and provides, while all that's occurring and while they're succeeding, provides a very attractive accretive return to IIP and IIP shareholders.

Got it. I appreciate those details, Alan. And then last one for me. When this investment opportunity arose, how were potential conflicts of interest identified and reviewed to ensure the transaction didn't create risks for IIPR shareholders outside of normal course of business investment risk?

Well, first, there's an assumption that there were or that conflicts existed. But secondly, the IIP used a very focused and methodological methodology to by employing a special committee where the committee members had no interest in IQ HQ. And then after that special committee, reviewed the analysis and the diligence prepared by the team and outside counsel. Then that was then brought to the board, and then the board members that had de minimis or no interest in IQHQ voted on this transaction. and unanimously approved it because of its unique way it helps IIP. It is a very accretive transaction. It's a transaction that provides current cash flow to IIP shareholders and it diversifies our tenant exposure and our industry exposure. at a time when we are looking to access the broader capital markets for a variety of different uses. And it gives us the ability to drive earnings growth in the future.

Got it. Appreciate your answers, Alan. Thanks, everyone.

And our next question will come from Bill Kirk with MKM Partners. Please go ahead.

Hey, thank you. Good afternoon everybody. Um, on the IQ HQ, you know, I'm trying to think of like the opportunity costs for the capital and at a current level today, your dividend yield on your stock would be, I think above 16%. Uh, so if you think that dividend level is safe, wouldn't the 270 million get a better return buying back shares versus the estimated 14% in the IQ HQ structure?

Well, that's really easy to say when you look in the rearview mirror. Last week, two weeks ago, IIP shares weren't trading at 16%. And we don't believe that. We believe that the market volatility that occurs on a day-to-day basis isn't the way to run your business. We look at our overall cost of capital, and our overall cost of capital includes our access to a variety of different capital from not only our preferred and our debt and our credit facility, but also our common shares and what the expected return our investors are expecting from the common shares. So on a combination of all that, we believe this to be a very highly accretive transaction, especially when you consider that we're using capital that has been sitting and earning, you know, 3%, 4%, and now has the opportunity to earn in that average of 14%. Very accretive.

And then as a follow-up, what's the flexibility on the – the timing or, I guess, the commitment to the preferred portion of the investment? Like, do you have the ability to, you know, pick when those tranches are made? Do you have the ability to reduce size, increase size? What's the flexibility there? Because that 16% isn't rearview mirror anymore. It's today.

And if it's different tomorrow, it could be completely different tomorrow and so on and so forth. But to answer your question, look, we have a great deal of flexibility. We've designed the investment in the Series G to reflect what we believe will be our ability to raise capital over time. David, do you want to elaborate on that?

Yeah. And I think just on the funding, as Alan mentioned, that will occur between now and second quarter of 2027. But back to one of the points of the deal that we noted is we believe with accessing this new real estate market that has been in the REIT space for a long time, that will improve overall access to equity and debt capital as a result of that, just because it's non-cannabis, new sector. All of you on this call today are familiar with life science, real estate. It's been around a very long time.

Okay. Thank you, guys. Thank you for the color. Thanks, Bill. Thank you.

And our next question will come from Aaron Gray with Alliance Global. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you for the time and the questions here. Just sticking on the question with IQHQ. So regarding the decision there to diversify some capital away from cannabis, can you maybe speak to how that decision came as it relates to the dividend? So we know the dividend has been a hot topic for you guys as it relates to the AFO, and you mentioned how this really helps to accelerate some of the earnings that you'll be able to generate. So how that timing came into play, and particularly through the lens of uncertainty regarding some of the defaults that you've had, with some of the cannabis properties and when those earnings will come back. Thank you.

Yeah. Thank you. I mean, I think that's a really good question because I think as, you know, Paul has noted many times, over the last 18, 24 months, we've been evaluating what's been going on within the industry. We have indicated... to our shareholders that we've been looking at other investment opportunities outside of cannabis. And so we've been strategically evaluating different transactions and opportunities. And this opportunity came about, and it appeared to provide what we were looking for, a strategic investment that was of size, that had the current income and the overall yield that met what we believed our high cost of capital was and is. And so that began the process for us to continue to evaluate it And as we spent more time doing the diligence and understanding where we would be in the capital stack and how flexible the investment, it became obvious to us that it was something that we should seriously consider. I lost my train of thought or lost the balance of your question because you had another important part of your question, and it was a dividend. And so we believe that we needed more time to work through the underlying issues in the cannabis sector in general. and specifically those major tenants that have had defaults, and then to be able to reposition those assets that we are seeking to have returned to us in a way that will be to the benefit of IIP and to re-accelerate our revenue growth. As you can see from what Ben has said, We've already released assets, a couple of assets in Michigan and Pennsylvania, and continue to have great insight as to how to be able to reposition the assets that we will be taking back from those tenants and or restructuring with those tenants.

Thanks for that commentary. That's helpful. Second question for me, just regarding, you know, some of the defaults, particularly Pharmacan. I know you gave some color on your prepared remarks, but just you previously noted, right, that they had debt maturing June 2025. So any color in terms of how specifically that's impacting the process in terms of the communication and how that could evolve given that they did have debt that was coming due two months ago or on June 30th? Thanks.

This is Paul, Eric. I think right now we're focused on recovering the assets from Pharmacan. We're very aggressively pursuing our eviction cases. We're getting no indication from Pharmacan that they will be in a position to any way amicably resolve the debt they owe us for back rents and future rents. We're laser focused on recovering those properties and releasing to qualified operators. So what happens with Pharmacan's debt coming due is, quite frankly, not on our radar.

Okay, great. Thanks. That's helpful. I'll jump back in the queue.

Thanks, Eric.

And our next question will come from Alexander Goldfarb with Piper Stanley. Please go ahead.

hey uh good morning out there uh so i have a few questions here first alan obviously you know you were you know critically involved with iqhq uh you know as as a as a company i believe you left uh a few years ago just trying to understand you know the opportunity now you guys are obviously enthusiastic about the rebound of iqhq and just want to know what's different now versus when you stepped away from the company a few years ago?

Well, a few years ago, I want to be very careful because it is a private company, and there was a lot going on when I stepped away personally and with the organization itself. Since I've departed that organization, they've made significant changes to the board, to the governance structure, to management at the company, and all, I think, to the benefit of the potential success for IQ HQ.

Okay. And then you guys said that you're looking at this as an investment, not operating the assets. But you also mentioned a ROFO to potentially acquiring the assets if they trade. And presumably, there's a lot of CapEx that's needed to lease up these developments. So a two-parter there. One is, it sounds like you are underwriting the potential of operating these assets. And two, does IQHQ have the capital required to to fit these buildings out and lease them up?

Well, to the second one, do they have the capital? Yes, they do have the capital, depending on the timing and the size of the tenant and the quality of that tenant and the length of the lease and on and on and on. There's many, many factors that IQ HQ has to have to evaluate. And on the same thing, you're talking about a right of first offer, which just gives us the ability to have insight as to when and if they try to sell an asset so that we can make sure that we're protecting our investment in the company. But if indeed the transaction we're going to trade at a yield that would be attractive for IIP, with a very strong tenant and well leased. I mean, I think financially, if we had a very attractive, high yielding, strong tenant asset, I would think you would want us to look at it and evaluate it very carefully and to see if it made sense for our IIP shareholders to capitalize. And I think that's what we would do.

Okay. And then the final question is, Paul, At the start of your comments, you talked about the competition in cannabis. Certainly, we know about the illicit market, the gray market, but you mentioned sort of the global cartel market, which I guess we all would know, but you mentioned it more prominently. Big picture, given the debt issues the industry is facing for refinancing over the next 12 months, and obviously this investment in IQHQ, are you saying that your thoughts on future investment in cannabis are are no longer what you guys originally thought they would be? Or were you just mentioning the global cartel thing as sort of one of the generic headwinds that the industry is facing? I just want to know if it's more of a generic headwind versus, hey, you know what? The business case for cannabis isn't quite what we thought it was a few years ago, and therefore we're going to see you guys shift more away from cannabis and to other sorts of real estate.

Right. So, Alex, I think with regard to the – the combination about the Chinese illegal grows, that's mentioned as just another factor in the overall illicit competition we have for the licensed operators. It's not a game changer. It just hit the news, I think, as far as the ICE raids in California, some of the Chinese issues came up. So that's just another leg. And I want to make it clear that we are still committed to the cannabis industry. We are the leading providers of capital and will remain that way. I think we have telegraphed explicitly in our last couple of calls that there's not that many opportunities currently in the cannabis field. So being good stewards of capital, we felt it was appropriate to look at alternative investments. which we did for quite a while. Over a year, we've been evaluating different opportunities. That's how we got to the IQHTO opportunity and looked at it extremely objectively from square one and committed a great deal of diligence, used outside counsel, and we came to the conclusion unanimously that this was the best opportunity to invest in something outside of cannabis. We are still believers in the cannabis industry. I talk about the projected growth. It is, as I mentioned, it's outselling other beverage products. It's going. Right now, it's challenged. But rather than just sit on our hands, we thought it was appropriate and a duty owed to our shareholders to use this capital appropriately and accretively. So that's what we're doing.

So is this more of a temporary side, like not side investment, but a temporary non-cannabis investment, or we should expect more non-cannabis investments?

Well, I think that at this point, we're going to see how things play out. We have a lot of things left to do, including to work through the assets that we are going to be taking back from some of our tenants and hoping that the industry, the cannabis industry, has some positive recovery news. And we're going to work through that first before we go to do anything else differently than what we've already done.

Okay. Thank you very much.

Thanks, Alex.

And once again, if you would like to ask a question, please press star then 1. Our next question will come from Meryl Ross with CompassPoint. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you for taking the question. Ask why you didn't make an investment, given your expertise, an investment separately in a life sciences property or, you know, outright or to a joint venture with IQHQ. Why was this structure of a revolver and a preferred cost warrants more attractive than directly making your own investment?

So the overall yields of or the current yields of life science transactions, if they were going to trade and assets that have, you know, that are well leased, those yields would be significantly below our current cost of capital. And investing in this way allowed us to have a very accretive transaction. And so that's why we went down this path. And I think because of the how difficult the life science industry right now and the overall operational expertise of operating a life science asset is something that I think is best suited for a company such as IQHQ. We went down this path, and we believe we've structured a very opportunistic and high-quality, secure transaction that will provide, I think, very creative returns for IIP and IIP shareholders.

Thank you. And to follow up, can you disclose the current cash yield on the revolver?

I mean, the current cash yield on our revolver on the investment is north of a 10%, north of a 10%.

That excludes the preferred and warrant?

No, it's a combination of the both.

Thank you.

And this will conclude our question and answer session. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Alan Gold for any closing remarks.

Well, thank you, and I would like to thank our shareholders for their continued support. Thank the team for your good and hard work. And with that, we'll end the call. Thank you.

The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines at this time.