Infleqtion, Inc.

Good afternoon, and welcome to Inflection's first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. Thank you for joining us today. My name is Marcus Cooper-Schmidt, Head of Investor Relations and Strategic Finance. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that this conference call may include forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially. These factors are detailed in our Form 8K and other filings with the SEC and which are available on our website at ir.inflection.com. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements except as required by law. During today's call, we will also reference certain non-GAAP measures. We use these measures because we believe they provide additional insight into the underlying operational performance of the business. This non-GAAP financial information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for GAAP results. Reconciliations between GAAP and non-GAAP measures can be found in today's press release and in our SEC filings. Joining me today are Matt Kinsella, our Chief Executive Officer, Ilan Hart, our Chief Financial Officer, and Pranav Gokhale, our Chief Technology Officer and General Manager of our quantum computing business. Following our prepared remarks, we will open the call for questions. As a reminder, a replay of this call will be posted on our IR website along with our Form 8K and presentation materials. With that, I'll turn the call over to Matt Kinsella, our Chief Executive Officer.

Thank you, Marcus, and good afternoon, everyone. We are glad you could join us for our first quarter 2026 earnings call. We appreciate your time today and your interest in inflection. And as I've said in the past, we're really excited to work with all of you over the coming years and hopefully decades to continue to build a deeper understanding of inflection, our platform, and the opportunity ahead. So similar to our last earnings call, we will open up with a brief reminder of who we are and what we're building at Inflection, and we'll talk through our strategy. This will be shorter than last time. And then we'll walk through our Q1 results, and then we'll take your questions. And if you'd like to deeper dive on our products, our roadmap, our markets, a replay of our March 11th Analyst Day is available in the Investor section of our website. It's a great resource as you're learning more about quantum and Inflection. All right, let's dive in. So for those of you that are joining for the first time, Inflection is a quantum technology company with a highly differentiated platform approach. We're building solutions across computing, sensing, and timing that are all tied together with software. And that breadth is enabled by Neutral Atoms, a highly flexible quantum modality that operates at room temperature and supports products we're already deploying in real world environments. Critical to our strategy is that the underlying components, the physics, photonics, engineering, and software are the same across all our products, all based on one platform. That gives us a highly leveraged and efficient operating model. So if there's one thing I want you to take away from this first section, it's the single neutral atom platform, multiple products, and many end market opportunities. And we're the only company in the quantum industry with this single platform approach. In many ways, we are following a path similar to NVIDIA. And just as they pointed their core GPU at the gaming, the crypto mining, the physics markets, while building toward the crown jewel of large language models, we are pointing our neutral atom core at these near-term markets where we have quantum advantage today, like timekeeping and sensing, while building toward fault-tolerant quantum computing, our crown jewel. And excitingly, neutral atoms are now leading on many of the metrics that matter most, and the path to commercially useful quantum computing is getting shorter. If I had to boil Q1 down to a single word, it would be momentum. We saw momentum across all elements of our business, from technical progress, increased customer activity, new quantum-based government investments, and industry interest in neutral atoms. And an interesting proof point is our neutral atom quantum core business. Since our founding, Inflection has supplied our neutral atom quantum cores to other neutral atom quantum companies and resource organizations. It's a relatively small but important part of our business. And in Q1, we had our best quarter ever in our quantum cores business, which we see as a strong signal that neutral atoms are continuing to grow within the industry. Government investment is also building, with the UK committing up to £2 billion to quantum, which I'll discuss later in the presentation. We strongly believe neutral atoms are the best modality for the quantum era. I was the first investor in inflection back in 2018 in my prior role, and when I first invested, neutral atoms were not as widely understood as other quantum modalities. But what stood out to me then and is even more relevant today is that neutral atoms offer a highly scalable architecture, attractive system economics, and are flexible to build products across sensing and computing such that we are already shipping deployable systems and have been for many years. Nature gives us the qubits in the form of atoms. Our job is to industrialize the system around them using lasers, photonics, software, and system engineering. This is our product portfolio. All of our products are built on the same neutral atom technology platform, and at the center of each system is a quantum core where neutral atoms are controlled with lasers. Because this is one platform, progress in one area strengthens the entire portfolio. Advances in atom control, photonics software, and systems engineering benefit all of our products, from atomic clocks to quantum computers. As we get better at building and shipping clocks, that directly accelerates our path to useful quantum computing. We are also seeing the platform strategy show up commercially. Customers often start with one capability, such as timekeeping or software, and then expand into additional products as their needs grow. And that is the inflection model, one scalable quantum platform supporting multiple products and markets. Because of the flexibility of this technology and the fact that we have been field deploying it for years, we are the first quantum company to operate quantum technology under the sea, in space, and to fly it in the air. Under the sea, we demonstrated TICKR, our optical atomic clock, on the Royal Navy's Excalibur autonomous submarine. In space, we launched NASA's Cold Atom Lab on the International Space Station back in 2018, and we recently delivered an upgrade to the ISS about a month ago. And excitingly, we are returning to space with NASA JPL's Quantum Gravity Radiometer Pathfinder Mission, or QGG for short. And in the air, our quantum navigation technology has been tested in flight with kinetic on a jet. On the ground, we recently showcased quantum timing across the live fiber between Indiana and Illinois, showing a 40X, yes, that is 40 times improvement over GPS timing. And precision timing is increasingly important for AI infrastructure and distributed computing environments where synchronization is critical. Simply put, if you can synchronize distributed workloads more precisely in data centers, you can get more performance out of your underlying data center infrastructure. This slide highlights a few of the key milestones we achieved across the business, and I won't go through every metric, but let me just call out a few. In computing, we've demonstrating a 1,600-atom qubit array, achieving 99.73% user-facing two-qubit gate fidelity, and remain on track to deliver 30 logical qubits this year. We also delivered the UK's first 100-physical qubit quantum system and remain the first and only company to achieve the UK government's target for a 100-qubit system by the end of 2025. In sensing, we received the first and largest quantum in-space contract from NASA, and altogether, these milestones show we are executing very well across our comprehensive platform. And with that, I will turn it over to Pradav to discuss computing in more detail.

Thanks, Matt. I'll take a deeper dive on our computing division with updates across our quantum computing hardware and software, as well as recent customer wins with our quantum-inspired software running on GPU. Let me start with our core strategy, scaling toward commercially useful logical qubits through hardware and software innovation. Our leadership here is enabled by two underlying records. First is our demonstration of 1,600 atom arrays, the commercial record for physical qubit capacity. Second is our demonstration of 99.73% user-facing two-qubit fidelity, the commercial record for neutral atoms. Putting these two together, quantity and quality, unlocks logical qubits. As we've emphasized before, these logical qubits are the key milestone on the path to quantum computing advantage. They're the clearest measure of progress toward reliable, scalable systems capable of solving commercially meaningful problems. The growth in quantity and quality of qubits on our scale QPU has allowed us to advance from two logical qubits in 2024 to 12 logical qubits in 2025 ahead of our roadmap. And we remain on track for 30 logical qubits in 2026 and 100 in 2028, when we expect the first commercially relevant applications to be run. Importantly, we are not just demonstrating logical qubits in isolation. We are already using them to run real applications in material science, chemistry, and health tech, which builds and validates the key building blocks of commercially relevant quantum computing. Our record-setting results across quantity, quality, and logical qubits have grown customer interest in on-premise system sales. To that end, we have now delivered two scale QPUs, one to our customer at the UK and QCC, where we operate the UK's first and only 100-qubit quantum computer, and one to our customer in Japan. We also announced plans for a scale QPU delivery with at least 50 logical qubits to the IQMP hub in Illinois. We also have QQs that we use internally as testbeds that support private cloud access for select end users. Excitement about the convergence of quantum and AI is also driving new interest, and we were delighted to have been invited by NVIDIA to exhibit our scale QQ at the NVIDIA booth during GTC in March, where we had valuable face time with the world's biggest consumers of compute capacity. I'd now like to take a deeper dive into our software stack and application workflows that enhance the productivity and capacity of our scale QPU. Going from bottom to top, at the hardware layer, we continue to prioritize integration with NVIDIA, where our scale QPU can co-process with GPU to solve customer problems that neither GPU nor QPU can solve alone. This is exemplified by our pioneering integration with NVIDIA's NBQ link stack to force multiply our hardware's error correction performance. Now let's move up the stack to our SuperStack middleware platform, which supercharges system performance by compiling customer applications to the underlying hardware to improve efficiency. Importantly, SuperStack supports customers across multiple qubit modalities, including superconducting and trapped ion. This positioning was critical to a recent DARPA contract win, which I'll cover on the next slide. Finally, at the applications layer, we are working with customers across two primary objectives. Some customers are developing applications on scale today to test and optimize the foundational building blocks required for scalable quantum computing. Others are designing commercially relevant applications intended for future large-scale logical qubit systems. Their engagement today reflects the strategic value of being prepared to deploy quantum solutions as soon as large scale fault tolerant hardware becomes available. Now I'd like to give you an update on recent customer specific examples of progress in our middleware and hardware layers. Importantly, everything I'll cover on this slide was announced in just the past three months. Starting with the hardware layer, In April, we were pleased to be the only neutral atom company highlighted by NVIDIA as an adopter of both of their icing AI models, which reflects inflections and brace of AI-led workflows for accelerating our quantum technologies. Next, we released a paper in April demonstrating an advance in photonics and magnetic control that is enabling us to build more robust conveyor belts for our atoms. For neutral atom QPUs, this hardware milestone is an important foundation toward running logical qubit programs continuously with high uptime and high performance. Moving to the middleware layers, in April we released another paper unveiling Resource Superstack, our open source software platform that models future iterations of scale QPUs with hundreds of logical qubits. This provides users with feedback to develop and optimize quantum applications so they can hit the ground running on our scale QPUs with 100 logical qubits expected in 2028. The second middleware milestone was our selection by DARPA for the HARC program on heterogeneous architectures for quantum. I'll emphasize that Inflection is the only company developing quantum computing hardware that was selected for the software track of HARC, underscoring our positioning to supercharge quantum hardware across multiple modalities. Altogether, these recent advances highlight our momentum in scaling logical qubits through software, middleware, and hardware innovation. Next, let's discuss our progress building quantum-native logical qubit applications targeted to run on our scale quantum computer. We are working with several customers and partners to demonstrate the software, hardware integration, and logical circuit operations required to scale toward large fault-tolerant quantum computing systems. Let's start with inflection's progress with logical qubits. Our first major milestone, which we jointly published with NVIDIA last year, was a demonstration of the industry's first logical qubit-powered material science application. This demonstration with two logical qubits serves as a gateway to discovery of better batteries, solar cells, and catalysts. In fall 2025, we leaped from two logical qubits to 12 logical qubits on scale. Our demonstrations included an important building block for chemistry applications, as well as the world's first demonstration of Shor's algorithm for decryption with logical qubits, which we released to advise enterprise on the urgency of migration to encryption systems that are secure against the so-called Q-day implication of quantum computing. Most recently, in Q1 2026, and as recently spotlighted by NVIDIA alongside GTC, we demonstrated another application of 12 logical qubits, targeting biomarker discovery for our welcome leap Q4Bio customer. Now, let me update you on our progress toward commercial applications of quantum software targeted on upcoming versions of our scale QPU with hundreds or thousands of logical qubits. As this slide indicates, we are excited about the breadth of commercially relevant applications across multiple industries, and we have seen increased engagement in the past two months from end users in all these sectors. Let's take a deeper dive on our recent wins in the energy end markets. Energy is one of the best examples of why and where quantum computing is poised to provide a new paradigm for overcoming limitations present in traditional computing. The electric grid is becoming one of the largest and most complex computational modeling problems in the world, complicated by growing and increasing dynamic demand alongside variable energy generation sources. This challenge has spurred utility companies to investigate quantum computing. And similarly, we are also seeing power management companies lean into quantum, as exemplified by Inflection's joint presentation with Eaton Corporation at the recent Q2B conference. This February, we announced ARPA-E's first ever quantum computing contract. Our contract win, which includes collaboration with ComEd, a utility company, focuses on enhanced energy grid efficiency using our scale QPU. The goal is to help utilities meet power demand with greater efficiency, reliability, and security. Shortly after our contract booking, we were excited to be selected again by ARPA-E in April, this time as the only neutral atom performer on their QC3 program for quantum computing applications. Our planned QC3 project will leverage our scale QPU to discover new materials with less transmission loss, opening new opportunities in the electric grid. Most recently in April, the Illinois IQMP Hub and the National Quantum Algorithm Center, or NQAC, awarded a contract to UChicago to support a collaboration with Inflection, Constellation Energy, and EPRI to apply quantum computing to improve efficiency and safety of nuclear reactor designs. We also note that the NQAC Center is expected to play an important role as a thought leader and ambassador for enterprise adoption of quantum computing, and we are pleased to be a trusted partner to them early in their growth. As you've heard, customer engagement with our scale platform in quantum applications is accelerating. we remain highly focused on scaling logical qubits to commercially transformative quantum computing applications. And we have increasing customer validation that this will be a significant market opportunity in the coming years. In parallel, we are increasingly excited by the near-term commercial potential of our quantum-inspired software running today on classical GPU infrastructure. This quantum-inspired software for AIML which we call contextual machine learning or CML, is gaining momentum across multiple customers to analyze sensor data beyond the limits of competing AI approaches. Modern AI systems like large language models face challenges in maintaining context across long data sequences, which limits the use of these models for processing data from typical sensors that produce millions of tokens of information every second. The challenge is maintaining context as conditions evolve, identifying how sensory inputs are changing and determining which sensors and signals can be trusted in real time. CML applies insights from quantum computing and sensing to GPUs to efficiently circumvent these challenges. Our customers are looking to CML for real-world applications involving large-scale sensor datasets like RF sensing, data fusion, and GPS-denied navigation where data streams are noisy and highly dynamic, and operational decisions depend on separating trusted signals from noise in real time. Our recently announced U.S. Navy contract for quantum-inspired rapid context applies CML to classification of radio frequency data in crowded electromagnetic environments. This application of AI is not just a convenience. It's becoming mission critical to determine with speed and confidence which signals are trusted, which are interference, and which may represent adversarial intent. Delays or misclassification can directly impact operational effectiveness and decision making, which is why our CML technology prioritizes low latency processing. This Navy contract complements other customer wins, including with the U.S. Army for secure AI for position, navigation, and timing for GPS-denied environments. as well as another recent contract from the European Space Agency on sensor data anomaly detection. In all these cases, CML can run on edge-deployed GPU to provide quantum-inspired advantages today. Moreover, each of these contracts stands in front of large downstream opportunities, including programs of record that can lead to multi-year procurement contracts and wide-scale deployments. I'll now turn it back to Matt to expand on the equally exciting progress in quantum sensing.

Thanks, Pranav. So turning to sensing, we believe this is the first major commercial wave in quantum with applications across timing, position, navigation, spectrum awareness, and Earth intelligence, which is the ability to better understand what is happening above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. These quantum sensing applications are enabled by the same core technologies. With this single foundation, we have built what we believe is the broadest quantum sensing portfolio in the industry, allowing us to serve several large and urgent markets. The need for quantum-enabled solutions is accelerating as classical systems reach practical limits. In short, classical technologies utilize, quote, bulk physics. which basically means billions of electrons or photons flowing simultaneously. And that limits the precision and effectively makes them approximations of the world around. Quantum systems truly measure the world at the quantum or atomic level of precision using nature's own measuring stick. And this is a massive step function which allows orders of magnitude improvement in precision sensing. And additionally, many of the classical technologies we utilize every day are becoming increasingly unreliable. GPS is one of the clearest examples. Around the world, GPS is increasingly being denied, degraded, and deceived through jamming and spoofing. And this is not confined to Ukraine or Iran. GPS interference has been reported at Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Newark, Delhi, Seoul, Helsinki, Istanbul, and many others. Interference rates increased 175% in 2024, while GPS spoofing incidents rose 500%. quantum sensing technologies are emerging as trusted alternatives to GPS. A strong example of the value quantum can provide is evident by the Missile Defense Agency's inclusion of quantum in the SHIELD program for Golden Dome. And this is the first time quantum has been included in the technology solution set of an extremely large government program. Golden Dome is effectively a massive sensing infrastructure that needs to be synchronized. and really the only way to intercept the types of threats that Golden Dome is being designed to defend against, such as hypersonic missiles and drone swarms, is to utilize quantum technologies. Inflection was one of the few quantum companies awarded a contract under this program, making us eligible to apply our full portfolio to next-generation national security applications. Quantum sensing is strategically important for another reason as well. It creates a bridge between the physical world and quantum computing. Over time, these sensors can generate native quantum data captured at the atomic level, enabling future quantum computers to work directly with that information, and that opens up entirely new classes of computing. And these markets are expected to represent at least a $30 billion opportunity by 2040. Ticker is our most commercially mature product and is a strong example of our commercialization strategy at work. We began with government-funded research And now we have a deployable system scaling to large commercial markets. Quantum timing helps networks, satellites, radar, and data centers stay in sync more accurately and reliably. We are shipping our third generation Ticker Prime system today with a well-defined roadmap toward lower power chip scale products. And you can effectively look to Ticker as a case study that the path most of our portfolio of quantum products will follow. This quarter, we announced a first-of-its-kind quantum partnership with Saffron, integrating Ticker with Saffron's world-class timing and synchronization portfolio, and will leverage Saffron's excellent sales team to accelerate our go-to-market efforts and bring Ticker to new commercial markets globally. This quarter, we expanded our presence in space. Inflection technology has been operating aboard the International Space Station since 2018 through NASA's Cold Atom Lab. NASA astronaut Christina Koch, now part of the Artemis II crew, helped install the original hardware on orbit. On April 13th, a new inflection upgrade arrived at the ISS to support the next phase of quantum research. If you happen to be in New York tonight, look up to the sky a little after 9 p.m. Eastern time, and the International Space Station will pass overhead carrying inflection's latest quantum tech. Now, customers are looking beyond research and toward quantum systems that can operate autonomously in space. As I mentioned earlier, this quarter we announced our contract on NASA JPL's QGG to deploy the world's first quantum gravity sensor in space. The mission is intended to support higher-resolution Earth intelligence, including environmental monitoring, navigation, geospatial intelligence, and subsurface information. This is the pattern we're focused on. Cold Atom Lab proved we could operate quantum technology in space. QGG moves us towards autonomous missions. These early programs are important because they open the door to much larger opportunities over time. And we're working with many of the leading customers and partners in quantum. Commercial traction comes through hardening technology through prototypes and trials and then turning those systems into deployable products. And that is our heritage. Across sensing and computing, we have delivered hundreds of quantum cores and systems to customers and partners globally. Earlier in the call, we referenced two important examples, the UK's first operational 100-qubit quantum computer at the National Quantum Computing Center and a 500-qubit system delivered to the Institute for Molecular Science in Japan. And we continue to expand our customer base and work with many of the most important early adopters of quantum, including NVIDIA, NASA, Saffron, DARPA, the Royal Navy, and SAIC, just to name a few. The UK is a strong example of a government treating quantum as a strategic national priority. In March, the UK announced up to 2 billion pounds of long-term investment. Inflection has been operating in the UK since 2014, delivering quantum systems for UK customers and partners. And when the UK Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology announced this new investment, It highlighted inflections delivery at the NQCC as a key example of progress towards building national quantum capability. That delivery achieved a major UK national strategy goal for 2025 as the UK's first and only operational 100 physical qubit quantum computing system. That track record puts us in a strong position. In quantum, the best way to earn the next opportunity is to execute on the work you have already been trusted to do. As the UK expands its quantum investment, Inflection is well positioned to continue supporting national quantum capability. Quantum leadership requires deep tech expertise, systems engineering, advanced manufacturing, and operational execution. Our team brings experienced leadership from organizations spanning quantum, space, semiconductors, national security, cloud infrastructure, and applied engineering. And this year, we are also expanding our development and manufacturing capabilities with three new quantum innovation centers in Colorado, Oxford, and Chicago. Putting my former investor hat on, I tend to evaluate technology companies through three lenses, technology, execution, and capital allocation. From a technology perspective, inflection is differentiated by our neutral atom platform. Execution matters just as much. We are already moving beyond research into systems deployment across multiple markets, and I think we've highlighted several important proof points of that today. And finally, capital allocation. As a public company with a strong balance sheet, we intend to deploy capital strategically. Our one-platform strategy makes inflection significantly more capital efficient than companies pursuing narrower or more hardware-intensive approaches. We are building multiple commercial pathways at the same time. Deployments create customers. Software drives usage. Strategic programs advance technology, and partnerships expand the market. And that combination is what gives us confidence in the long-term opportunity ahead. So at that, let me turn to our Q1 2026 results. Q1 was a strong start to the year for inflection. We set a first quarter revenue record of $9.5 million, up 14% year-on-year, driven entirely by quantum solutions. Based on customer activity across the business, we are updating our 2026 revenue outlook to at least $40 million. That implies acceleration in revenue growth through the balance of the year. We are also reiterating our target of 30 logical qubits this year. Quantum sensing was a strong growth driver in the quarter. QGG was our largest individual revenue contributor, and quantum spectrum continued to gain traction. Given strong customer interest, we are accelerating investment in quantum spectrum trials, prototyping, and go to market. We also continue to expand our position across software, computing, and AI through programs and partnerships with the US Navy, US Army, DARPA, ARPA-E, and others. We are entering the rest of 2026 with strong customer momentum, a strong balance sheet, and a platform that scales across multiple markets. We are confident in the opportunity ahead and excited about the year in front of us. And with that, let me turn it over to Alon to walk through the financials in more detail.

Thanks, Matt, and good afternoon, everyone. I will walk you through highlights of our GAAP and non-GAAP results for Q1 2026 compared with Q1 2025. As Matt noted, we deliver revenue of $9.5 million in Q1, 100% organic and entirely from Qantum. Our business continues to be anchored by national security use cases, and year-over-year performance was driven by strong execution in QGG. Approximately 70% of Q1 2036 revenue came from the U.S. across all customer segments, similar to 2025 levels. Looking ahead, you should expect some variability in our geographic revenue mix from year to year, as the number, size, and timing of program wins continue to evolve across geographies. Our gap loss from operations was $33.6 million in Q1 2026, compared with $6.9 million in Q1 2025. The majority of the higher loss was driven by stock-based compensation, GO public transaction expenses, and structurally higher operating expenses as we began to increase investment in line with our strategy. Our Q1 2026 non-GAAP operating loss was $13.2 million, approximately $7.4 million higher than Q1 2025 loss of $5.8 million. We're executing against our plan and increasing investment in line with our strategy with non-GAAP operating expense growth year-over-year of $7 million. Cash used in operation was $19 million in Q1 2056, compared with $7 million the year-ago period. Of this $12 million increase in burn year-over-year, roughly $11 million is related to co-public transaction expenses. Capital expenditure in Q1 2056 remained relatively modest, at a few hundred thousand dollars. We continued to expense R&D as incurred, with no capitalization of R&D or development costs. For 2026, we continue to expect our capex to rise modestly as we invest in new innovation centers and PP&E in US and UK to scale our business. We exited Q1 2026 with $569 million in cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities with no debt. As of quarter end, inflation had approximately 217 million shares outstanding, with substantially all shares being freely tradable following the satisfaction of the lock-up release condition about a month ago. Looking to 2026, we are maintaining our prior outlook of modest increase in cash burn from 25 levels as customer activity gives us more confidence to invest ahead of accelerating market momentum. We are deploying capital selectively and strategically across R&D and go-to-market with clear return threshold and aligned to corporate objectives, partially offset by higher net interest income. Even with this step up in spending, our cash burn remains low relative to peers. That concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, we will now open the line for questions.

Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. Our first question is from Atif Malik with Citigroup. Please proceed.

Hi, it's Adrienne for Optif. Thank you for the question. Your full-year outlook for at least 40 million in sales and more than 20% growth year-over-year is pointing to an acceleration from Q1 level. Just hoping you could give some insights about the customer pipeline, or is there a pickup in pipeline conversion that's underpinning the guide? Any comments about linearity over the balance of the year? And again, is this NASA QGG that's driving some of the optimism and the acceleration? Thank you.

Great. Well, thanks. Thanks for the question, Adrienne. We are seeing a pretty broad-based increase in demand and more, gives us more confidence in our year ahead, which is why we deliberately changed to at least $40 million. Ilan, what would you add to that?

Yeah, I think I could add. You know, we're seeing more methods across all our business line, and that's why we feel comfortable with our updated guidance.

Thank you.

Our next question is from Jesse Sobelson with BTIG. Please proceed.

Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my questions. It's great to hear so much that's going on. And I think I just – there's so many ways to go with questions, but I think maybe starting just with, like, the core computing roadmap here. You're targeting 30 logical qubits this year, stepping up to 120 in 2028. And I noticed in the deck it says you're delivering ahead of plan. Can you update us on where you are today against the 30 target and what the gating milestones are between here and year end?

Absolutely. So last year, we had in our previous roadmap a target of hitting eight logical qubits. In the end, we ended up hitting 12 logical qubits. That's where we've delivered ahead of roadmap. This year, we remain on track for achieving 30 logical qubits, which is, as a refresher, an important milestone towards the crown jewel of quantum computing. We think that arrives at 100 logical qubits, which we also remain on track for in year 2028. What's driving this under the hood is what's been driving this all along, which is improvements in the number of underlying qubits or atoms. as well as the fidelities, and then importantly also the software stack, which is making those qubits even more productive and more useful for applications. So there's the convergence of all three of these that are happening at the same time and giving us a lot of enthusiasm for roadmap execution.

That's actually a perfect segue to just a quick follow-up here. You're in DARPA's HARC program working on this cross-modality compilation. Multistack is built for heterogeneous systems, from what it sounds like. Can you help us understand what multimodality quantum computing actually looks like and how this positions SuperStack and Multistack as the commercial market for quantum computing develops?

Absolutely. So I'll make a quick analogy to everyone's laptop or phone. There's many ways that information is stored, sometimes stored with magnetic hard drives, sometimes stored with flash memory. Back in the day, it was stored with punch cards. And so your computer or your phone is using software to orchestrate how do these different technologies for storing information or modalities come together and deliver a really good user experience. And it's the same analogy for quantum computing. There's many different modalities out there. We feel incredibly upbeat about neutral items. But in the long run, we think there's a place where all these modalities have a role, or at least many of them do. And we've positioned our software business to be able to benefit from all of these modalities. And that's why we're incredibly excited to be selected by DARPA for this TARC program. for the software track. And I'll emphasize this is perhaps a little bit unusual that a company that's building a quantum computer or a hardware system is also doing cross-modality software. And that's just, I think, a reflection of the validation we're seeing from DARPA and also our other customers' cross-modalities in our software stack for delivering value out of every underlying hardware platform.

Thanks. Well, thanks for taking the questions here, guys. And congrats again on the progress. Thank you, Jessie.

Our next question is from Richard Shannon with Craig Callum Capital Group. Please proceed.

Hi, everyone. This is Tyler Anderson on for Richard Shannon. I was wondering about the quantum spectrum. Is this separate from the Skywire product, or is this an iteration? And if it's an iteration, could you just discuss the enhancement of capabilities there?

Hey, Tyler. It is very, very similar to Skywire. And really, what I would classify this as is Skywire being the early days of our quantum RF technology. products, and as we broaden out what these technologies can do, we have created its own group inside the company, which we're calling Quantum Spectrum. And so I'd say the new news is really just we've seen the demand really accelerate for these types of solutions. And we are, you know, we've validated the technical path and the customer need. And so we're moving much faster on prototypes, field trials, system hardening, productization, et cetera. And so this is really just the indication that we're putting our foot on the accelerator on quantum spectrum.

Okay. And then could you just highlight what you did validate? Was this the work that you had done with L3 Harris? Is that complete? And then? You mentioned being able to tune continuously up to terahertz, and I was just looking online. It said about hundreds of gigahertz. Are you at the terahertz level yet? And either way, could you just describe the unlocks that you have at the terahertz levels? Thank you.

Rob, you want to take a crack at that, then I'll fill in.

Sure, yeah. The underlying technology has been demonstrated across a variety of frequencies, including up to terahertz. There's a paper I'm most familiar with, which I authored with my colleagues, called Deep Learning for Low-Latency Quantum-Ready RF Sensing, where we quote those terahertz numbers as well. What we're seeing is, as Matt referenced, an increase in demand and capabilities. Some of our demonstrations are in the classified world, so we can't share all the details. But in general, this paradigm decouples the wavelength or the frequency from the size of the antenna, because for an atom, every wavelength is large. So that's the gist of it. We have in the past announced results from NetModX, a Army event, and we'll continue to, as appropriate and as our government partners and commercial partners enable us, announce more results when they come up.

And Tyler, one thing I'd add is it is dynamically tunable from the Hertz to, as Pranav mentioned, the terahertz frequency range, a lot of the use cases we're seeing demand for are actually at those much lower frequencies because one of the magical properties of quantum spectrum is that we have broken the correlation between the size of the antenna that you need to receive a given wavelength. Normally, you would need an absolutely massive antenna or multiple massive antennas to receive some of these very low-frequency, long-wavelength signals that are quite ubiquitous in various forms of communication. And what we are able to do with quantum spectrum is to receive those with the same atoms that we would receive the terahertz frequencies at. And so we can have much, much smaller form factors that can be field deployable and less detectable than classical technologies would have allowed. And on top of all of that, these don't emit anything. So they are undetectable as well. So those are maybe a couple of seeds to plant as to where some of the interesting use cases are popping up.

I'll just add one last piece, which is there's fascinating work on this quantum RF device technology underlying this has been used for imaging chocolate to figure out defects in chocolate, and that was at the terahertz regime. But I'll double-click on what Matt said, which is the big business we're seeing is in this low-frequency domain, not to discount that it can also go up to terahertz.

Stay tuned for our quantum chocolate product launch.

Thank you, guys. I appreciate the color on that.

As a reminder, it is Star 1 on your telephone keypad if you would like to ask a question. Our next question is from Kingsley Crane with Canaccord Genuity. Please proceed.

Hi. Thanks for taking the question. I think just one for me. Hey, Kingsley. Hey, good to speak, Matt. This NVIDIA icing announcement, I think it helps validate the sector. It certainly helped lift some of the equities in the sector. Just curious on your – thoughts on the announcement, trying to separate hype from reality, and then I know that you've announced the adoption of the iSing models for your own product, so just curious on the depth of that relationship, if there's anything more to know about any more technical integrations or maybe co-marketing within that. Thanks.

Ranaf, why don't you take it, and I'll jump in after you.

Yeah, I'll iterate that NVIDIA continues to be one of our strongest collaborators, and indeed with the launch of the iSing AI models, there are two models involved, One was for using AI to improve the calibration of our quantum computers so it can have better performance, better uptime. The second was using it for a problem called decoding, which is basically how do we get our logical qubits to act more effectively and take the errors out of the system, pump them out effectively. In both cases, I think this is an important turning point where we're seeing how the same AI revolution that is powering all of our daily lives with ChatGPT and Quad is also helping massive scientific progress. And things that in quantum computing used to be daunting five years ago are now as easy as press the model. Of course, there's a lot of hard work that goes into fine-tuning these models, customizing them for our specific system. And we've taken the stance that we're going to be leaders at the forefront of adopting AI to accelerate our quantum path. And I think that's what this announcement for us reflects. which is the AI-led workflows we're embracing. So we were delighted to be the only neutral Atom company and one of two companies total that was an adopter of both of the icing models, as announced by AI. And we released a blog post with many details. In general, I'll echo that NVIDIA continues to be a very strong partner to us, and we see many, many more opportunities for collaboration with them in the coming months and years.

That's really helpful. Thank you.

Our next question is from John Mapeak with Rosenblatt Securities. Please proceed.

Thank you. Nice job on the quarter team. Thanks, John. Matt, good job. And quantum spectrum seems like a pretty compelling solution. Curious what it would take to move that into the commercial space price points, features, things along those lines that might get it into aviation, commercial aviation. I don't know what the timeline might look like for getting this technology into commercial.

I'll kick that off, John, and then I'll ask Pranav to chime in. It will depend on the of application that this might be pointed to in the commercial world and really the profitability and the I guess the how deep the pockets are of the of the folks who are Going to deploy this and let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean there So for a very long time high-speed traders have been utilizing ultra low frequency long wavelength signals to route trades at the speed of light if you were to just send them through the fiber optic networks it would get there at something around maybe 0.6 x the speed of light because of all the the turns and twists it needs to make but if you wanted to get that trade directly you can bounce it off the ionosphere and receive it now as i was saying during tyler's question That would have required very, very, very large antennas because of the wavelength being very large. And it's very hard to put huge antennas co-located with exchanges. And so that normally means they would need to be a very, you know, tens if not hundreds of miles away. And these are very large, expensive antennas. And those, you could imagine, those types of companies would fall into the highly profitable, willing to pay a lot for a solution. And so you could imagine having that deployed sooner rather than later because the alternative is very expensive and the the ability to earn a return on this investment is high for the customer. So that would be an example of a potential customer who would be more near term where we could do it at a pretty darn high price point before we master the integrations and ramp up volume to drive down the price. Pranav, you want to expand on that or talk about other types of commercial use cases that might be further off that would be at lower price points?

Yeah, I'll add a quick link to the previous question and note that quantum spectrum is another area where we're seeing massive acceleration thanks to AI-led workflows and modeling and simulation with high-performance computing GPU technology. A lot of what we would have had to do in the past to commercialize via many, many field tests That's not going away, but a lot of it can be done in silica on computing instead of out in the field. So that's been one of the drivers towards getting product out to field faster. And then, yeah, Matt referenced one of the most exciting use cases, which is for high-frequency trading. In general, there's a phenomenal amount of the spectrum out there, electromagnetically, which has historically not been accessible because you'd need such a large antennae. And we think there's a wide market opportunity to rethink how all communication can happen now that there's easier access to spectrum that used to require gigantic antenna HFT. We think it's just the tip of the iceberg.

Thank you. Thank you, John.

Our next question is from Quinn Bolton with Needham and Company. Please proceed.

Yeah, hey, guys, I was going to sort of ask a question that John just asked, and it sounds like the low frequency obviously seems like lots of communications opportunities and, you know, kind of military or government applications. So I guess, you know, as you look forward for the next few years, I assume it is going to be mostly government-related for the quantum spectrum, or do you see some of the applications like that high-frequency trading on the commercial side ramping in that timeframe?

I'll take a crack then for now if you can fill in. Quinn, I think we'll probably see our – Let's put it this way. Our furthest along engagements where we're already monetizing today are indeed in the national security world, whether here or in the U.K. or in Australia. And so I do think it's probably a safe bet that we'll see that side of the business start to spike, whether it already is. And I think, you know, I wouldn't be shocked if we saw some activity, especially in kind of the couple-year timeframe you're mentioning, where we'll start to see some real commercial developments. And again, I wouldn't be shocked if it was in and around that high-speed trading world, but I don't know that for sure. But you are correct that there are many applications where just that ability to shrink the form factor of the antenna of the receiver becomes very, very interesting and And you then layer on the fact that this emits no signal. It becomes even more interesting. And then, finally, it's not just for communications. You can do all sorts of sensing applications, direction finding, et cetera, with this technology as well. Pranav?

I could just bolster that with three examples. So one is, again, at the low frequencies, there's interest in applying this technology to ground-penetrating radar. So think of resource exploration and mining companies that want effectively the Google Maps for underground. Having a small antenna effectively that can image very low frequencies that can penetrate the ground is an incredibly exciting capability. Another at the higher frequencies, I kind of referenced tongue-in-cheek, but it's actually quite serious, using quantum RS and quantum spectrum in the terahertz regime is good for defect detection of chips and chocolates, etc. And then finally, again, sticking at that high frequency domain, there's biological applications that are exciting. There's something called the terahertz gap, which is the part of biology where it's been extremely hard to perform imaging, perform diagnostics for cells, for bioreactors, etc., And this technology could be a part of the solution that helps humanity image and operate at those frequencies that have traditionally been hard to access. Those are all extremely commercial applications. Of course, they're balanced by the strong demand that we see with government customers as well.

Thanks. Got to thank you for that additional detail. And I just want to make sure it's clear, Quinn.

When we say big antennas, these are, you know, you know, potentially meters and at the extreme, you know, tens to hundreds of meters long, just to put it in perspective, to receive the ultra low frequency signals that are the only signals that can penetrate saltwater submarines at the dangle, nearly a one kilometer long antenna off the back of them. And this would, again, allow you to shrink that to something significantly smaller. So these are not like small changes in form factor, they're game changing changes in form factor.

Our next question is from Antoine Ligo with Wedbush Securities. Please proceed.

Well, thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to go over the fact, you know, you're clearly one of very few quantum companies with, you know, full product platform, you know, spanning computing, sensing, software. You know, are you seeing that translate into cross-sell technology? opportunities and practice and, for example, defense customer came in through ticker or quantum spectrum now evaluating scale or superstars or vice versa, can you give us some examples me of a cross portfolio engagement that you're seeing or that you expect to see more of in the near term, thank you.

Thanks for that question, Antoine. The answer is yes, absolutely. Whether it is someone leading with Ticker or even quantum software, what we see is that allows us to wedge ourselves into a door and then expand into whether it is quantum RF or in some cases quantum computing. And I've mentioned in my prepared remarks that we have had a business where we sell quantum cores to other either quantum or neutral atom companies or academic institutes or even to folks in the national security arena. And the quantum core business can act as a great foot in the door as well. And so we have a number of these products that are a lower price point, call it perhaps, easier to adopt that can be our way in, and then we can expand from there. And so, yeah, I think it's a very good question and a good point. Pranav, what would you add to that?

I'll point to customers in position navigation timing as an exemplar here. where, for instance, for good PNT, you need certainly a really good clock. That's what Ticker provides, the T in PNT. But those customers also need a way to receive that time signal, and quantum spectrum allows them to receive that time signal, other signals across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. And then our inertial sensor technology that we're building, including the gravity sensor that we've launched with NASA or launching with NASA, also enables us to have what's called dead reckoning navigation. And then finally, we, for instance, announced just last month our new contract for our contextual machine learning with the U.S. Navy for performing analysis of long sensory data streams. So that's an example where in a specific customer market, there's enormous drag through and pull through of our other products when the first one gets in the door. And then the last Note that I'd add is we're also seeing some really interesting bundling opportunities where, for instance, our quantum spectrum devices or quantum computing devices benefit tremendously from having a ticker clock installed within them to allow the lasers that are inside to operate more effectively via something called laser locking. So this is yet another pull through where literally our products are starting to build on top of each other, which for us is obviously quite compelling.

You think about Golden Dome as maybe an example of where a big swath of our products could be deployed. You could think about quantum computing being there to help calculate the trajectories of projectiles coming at the United States. quantum sensing to be deployed in probably the form of QRF to actually pick up the frequencies that are being emitted by the hypersonic missiles or drone swarms, and then finally ticker to synchronize the whole operation because it all needs to be in picosecond level synchronization. And so as Pranav said, these technologies all work very closely together and in many ways are enabling technologies for each other.

Great. Thank you for the additional call here. Super helpful. Thank you. Thanks, Antoine.

There are no further questions at this time. I would like to hand the conference back over to Matt for closing remarks.

Well, thank you, everybody, so much for joining us. And as I said at the beginning of the call, we so appreciate your support, and I'm really excited to continue to work with all of you over the coming years. Q1 was a strong quarter for the company and for Quantum in general, and we're excited about the year ahead, and we look forward to talking to you all again in August. And so we remain committed to discipline investment, customer and program expansion, and continued technical leadership across computing, sensing, and software. Have a great rest of your night, everybody.

Thank you. This will conclude today's conference. You may disconnect at this time, and thank you for your participation.