Dorian LPG Ltd.

Good morning and welcome to the Dorian LPG fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. Additionally, a live audio webcast of today's conference call is available on Dorian LPG's website which is www.dorianlpg.com. I would now like to turn the conference over to Ted Young, Chief Financial Officer. Thank you, Mr. Young. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Nikki. Good morning, everyone, and thank you all for joining us for our fourth quarter 2025 results conference call. With me today are John Hajbataris, Chairman, President, and CEO of Dorian LPG Limited, John LaCouris, Head of Energy Transition, and Tim Hanson, Chief Commercial Officer. As a reminder, this conference call webcast and a replay of this call will be available through May 29, 2025. Many of our remarks today contain forward-looking statements based on current expectations. These statements may often be identified with words such as expect, anticipate, believe, or similar indications of future expectations. Although we believe that such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that any forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors, as well as general economic conditions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions or estimates prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those we express today. Additionally, let me refer you to our unaudited results for the quarterly and annual periods ended March 31, 2025, that were filed this morning on Form 8-K. In addition, please refer to our previous filings on Forms 10-K and 10-Q, where you'll find risk factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements. Also, please note that we expect to file our full 10-K no later than May 30, 2025. Finally, I'd encourage you to review the investor highlight slides posted this morning on our website. And with that, I'll turn over the call to John Hunter-Pateras.

Good morning, and thank you for joining us. My colleagues Ted, John, and Tim will provide you with detailed comments on our financial results, our sustainability and operational progress, and our market outlook. First, I'd like to highlight the following. Our dividend of 50 cents per share, totaling 21.3 million, reflects our commitment to returning capital to shareholders in a manner that's aligned with market conditions and our policy of distributing earnings prudently. This past fiscal year, we paid over $155 million in dividends. So far in 2025, freight rave movements have been dramatic. While traders grappled with the tariff announcements and the fact that for a time it became uneconomic to export U.S. LPG to China, the market quickly assessed the ability of the Middle East and Canada to replace U.S. tons. Through this, U.S. exports remained strong, with more than 300 VLGCs loading more than 14 tons in the last quarter. U.S. LPG specifications are particularly attractive for Chinese PDH plants. As you will hear from Tim, we believe that increased production in the US and the Middle East and US terminal expansion, combined with just nine new buildings for the rest of the year, will support a balanced freight market and healthy earnings for 2025. We are confident in the long-term fundamentals of LPG demand, which are underpinned by growing petrochemical and residential consumption, particularly in Asia, and by infrastructure expansions in the U.S., which will support steady growth in NGL output. Moving to the operational side of our business, we are progressing our investments in quick payback energy-saving devices and performance optimization. We have eight dry dockings planned for this year. John L. will provide an update on our initiatives and our decision to convert some of our VLGCs to facilitate the carriage of ammonia. And now I'd like to pass it over to our CFO, Ted Young, for our quarterly financial overview.

Thanks, John. My comments this morning will focus on capital allocation, our financial position on liquidity, and our unaudited fourth quarter results. At March 31, 2025, we reported $317 million in free cash, which was sequentially up from the previous quarter. Cash flow from operations more than doubled from $24 million to $50.3 million quarter over quarter, and we generated $10 million from the maturity of some bond holdings, all of which gave us enough cash flow to support our dividend, a progress payment on our new building made in January, and our quarterly debt amortization. Thus, in spite of significant outflows, we still managed a modest increase in cash. As disclosed two weeks ago, we will pay an irregular dividend of 50 cents per share or roughly 21 million in total on or about May 30, 2025 to shareholders of record as of May 16. Including this dividend, we have returned approximately 875 million in cash through dividends, a self-tender offer, and open market repurchases since our IPO. With a debt balance at quarter end of 557.4 million, Our debt to total book capitalization stood at 34.8%, and net debt to total capitalization at 15%. We have well-structured and attractively priced debt capital with a current all-in cost of about 5.1%, an undrawn $50 million revolver, and one debt-free vessel. Coupled with our strong free cash balance, we have a comfortable measure of financial flexibility. Looking ahead, we expect our cash cost per day for the coming year to be approximately $26,000 per day, excluding capital expenditures for dry docking and progress payments on our new building. For the discussion of our fourth quarter results, you may also find it useful to refer to the investor highlight slides posted this morning on our website. I would also remind you that my remarks will include a number of terms such as TCE, available days, and adjusted EBITDA. Please refer to our filings for the definitions of those terms. Looking at our fourth quarter chartering results, given the fact that our entire spot trading program is conducted through the Helios pool, its reported spot results are the best measure of our spot chartering performance. For the March 31 quarter, the Helios pool earned a TCE per day for its spot and COA voyage of $29,800, reflecting the more challenging LPG product environment during the quarter, which Tim will get into more in his remarks. Our available days were also affected by a relatively heavy dry docking schedule. The overall TCE result for the pool of $33,200 per day reflects the strong time charter out portfolio in the pool. On page four of our investor highlights material, you can see that we have three Dorian vessels on time charter within the pool, indicating spot exposure of just over 89% for the 28 vessels in the Helios pool. Dorian's reported TCE revenue per available day was about $35,300 per day. This rate was marginally lower than the prior quarter's results, again reflecting the challenging LPG product market. However, forward bookings for the quarter ending June 30, 2025 are more promising. We currently estimate that we have fixed 79% of the pool's available days in the quarter at a TCE of roughly $42,000 per day. The rate includes both spot fixtures and time chargers in the Helios pool. Given the difficulty in predicting loading rates, which obviously have a huge effect on revenue recognition, disport options in some chargers, and the fact that some of our COAs are priced on average Baltic rates, the estimates we quote during these calls and the rates actually realized can vary. Daily OPEX for the quarter was $11,000 a day excluding dry docking related expenses, which was up from the prior quarter. Crew and spare and stores costs were both up. This quarter also saw nearly $1,000 a day difference between reported OPEX that includes expense dry docking amounts and our preferred measure of OPEX that excludes those costs. Those non-capitalized dry docking expenses totaled about $3.2 million and equated to 7 cents per share for the quarter. Our time charter in expense for the four time charter in vessels came in at about $10.3 million or about $28,600 per time charter in day. Thus, those vessels contributed positively to our quarterly profits. Total G&A for the quarter was $8.3 million and cash G&A which is G&A excluding non-cash compensation expense, was about $6.8 million. This amount contained about $800,000 of statutory accruals, which puts our core G&A at around $6 million, more in line with our typical levels. That $800,000 was worth about two cents per share. Our reported adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $36.6 million. Total cash interest expense for the quarter was $6.7 million, million, which is down sequentially from the prior quarter. Note that we capitalized approximately $425,000 of interest related to our new building during the quarter. Principal amortization remains steady at around $13 million. For the current fiscal year ending March 2026, we expect to dry dock eight of our vessels, for which we have budgeted approximately $12 million, excluding off-hire time. Days in dry dock should be consistent with our disclosures, namely around 25 days per vessel. Also, we have two progress payments on our new building in September and December 2025, each of roughly $12 million. The irregular dividend declared at the beginning of the month of 50 cents per share brings to $15.70 per share in irregular dividends that we have paid since September 21. The modest reduction of the dividend versus the prior quarter is consistent with our previous discussions around the topic. It reflects a balanced mix between results and the long-term needs and prospects of the business. Obviously, recent rate gyrations underscore the range of variables that affect our business, weather, terminaling fees, global petrochemical demand, and global trade policies, just to name a few. Including the irregular dividend to be paid this month, we've paid over $640 million of dividends and have generated a net income of $641 million over the same time period, i.e., back to June 30, 2021. Our board weighs current earnings, our current near-term cash forecast, future investment needs, and the overall market environment among a number of factors in making its determination of the appropriate level, if any, for our dividends. The $0.50 per share dividend reflects a constructive market view when considering last quarter's earnings and our heavy dry dock schedule this past year and for the coming year. In addition, the dividend decision was made before the conclusion of the most recent U.S.-China trade talks. We continue to be on the lookout for fleet renewal opportunities and will be judicious with our free cash flow, working to balance shareholder distributions, debt reduction, and fleet investment.

With that, I'll pass it over to Tim Hansen.

Thank you, Chad, and good day, everyone.

At the start of the quarter ending March 31st, the freight market kept its momentum from last December. Activity remains strong in the east with the Indian PSU actively covering January requirements. And in the west, Chalmers quickly returned post-holidays to secure first half February liftings out of the U.S. Gulf at rates in the low 110s. On the BLBG, three routes used into Chiba, which equals some TCEs in the mid to high 40s today. The race trended upwards at the end of 24, and the typical winter spike was yet to materialize. Thus, there were expectations of further gains. However, in the second week of January, a cold spell in the U.S. Gulf caused charters to pause forward fixing, being aware of disruptions such as a Texas freeze in prior years and recent terminal delays experienced last summer. Sudden tightening in the Panama Canal, with auctions fees spiking to $500,000, added to further strain on the voyage planning. Repeated cold spells in the U.S. drove up domestic LPG demand, leading to a rise in the Monterrey LPG price. In the meantime, seasonally warm weather and subdued petrochemical demand in Asia narrowed the arbitrage, tightening the terminal fees. and freight rates. With no spot activity, rates began to soften on sentiment. With February exports down with about 1 million worldwide, with 300,000 in the east and about 700,000 out of the U.S., and no U.S. spot activity for the second half February liftings, Dusty mentioned uncertain Panama Transit cost, more owners started to ballast from Asia towards Middle East Gulf or via Cape to the US Gulf, putting pressure on the Middle East Gulf rates and increasing vessels availability. Due to limited US activity, vessels availability gradually increased and freight rate continued to decline. By mid-February, earnings on the modern equal non-scrubber vessel had dropped from the high $40,000 a day in early January to low $20,000 a day in both the East and West markets. Activity eventually resumed, stabilizing the rates at these levels before recovery began in early March. As surge in fixtures by mid-March, driven by a tightening position list, led to a sharp rebound, ending the quarter with earnings back in the mid-to-high $40,000-per-day range. The quarterly average spot earnings were settled around $30,000 a day, reflecting a balanced market. This was despite the absence of a typical winter demand in the East in both Q4 and Q1. The U.S. cold snaps, as mentioned, a February export dip, elevated feedstock costs whaling on PDAs and petrochemical margins, and a narrow arbitrage, plus a high oil and gas market volatility amidst the tariff announcement by the U.S. administration. Reciprocal tariffs by China announced in Q1-25 did not initially include LPG imports from the U.S. to China, but spurs are cautionless. by charters for committing too far ahead with the ever-changing tariff announcement and the possibility of China including LPG in the reciprocal tariffs again. U.S. LPG production hit another quarterly record in the first quarter of 2025, producing half a million tons above the previous quarter. Despite U.S. LPG exports falling from 5.6 million tons in January to 4.9 in February, The quarterly export has shown to be the highest on record for Q1, and it is the third highest on records per quarter overall. In addition to the first quarter updates, by early April, the trade war continued to escalate. China included LPG and ethane in the reciprocal tariffs. This caused a huge shock to the LBG market, causing freight rates to collapse from approximately $40,000 a day down to OPEX level virtually overnight. Two traders relived their vessels at roughly $40 per ton below the last done levels on the Houston cheaper route, reflecting the expectation of immediate market disruptions. However, within a week, the market stabilized and freight rate rebounded to a more sustainable level, although still below the highest seen at the end of the first quarter. While the steep rise in tariffs effectively prevented direct LPG trade from U.S. to China, the market anticipated a repeat of the 2019 trade war pattern, with China sourcing replacement volumes from alternative origins. although substituting the entire Chinese-U.S.-originated volumes would be difficult and could cause some demand destruction. The shift in trade lanes happened quickly and led to inefficiencies and increased ton-mile demand, as also seen in the previous trade war. This time to a larger extent due to the large volume to be substituted and the limitations of such available alternative volumes. The amount value prices declined rapidly along other energy markets, making US LPG increasingly competitive as an absolute substitute for non-Chinese PDH units and for steam crackers. This shift supported demand outside China. While the concerns being that the Chinese PGA demand destruction might lead to rising U.S. inventories, especially in a post-winter period, the improved price competitiveness of U.S. LPG helps sustain export flows. The key question was whether the increase on mild demand elsewhere would be sufficient to offset the loss in Chinese volume. In the short term, it did. This dynamic was quickly overtaken by development in the U.S. to China trade policy. Tariffs were temporarily reduced at least from the critical levels of 245 and 225 respectively for a 90-day period with a 10% Chinese import tax on U.S. LPG production. Notably, even this tariff, this lower tariff level was enough to alter the trade float in 2019 Today, we have a high Saudi CP price and a low Belgium price, which suggests that U.S. cargoes may remain competitive on a landed price basis into China, despite the tax. As negotiation continues, the market has regained balance and has been trending upward since the tariff reduction. While the potential impact of future trade tensions remains uncertain, we are positive in our outlook for the market in 2025. U.S. production and exports are set to increase, supported by terminal capacity expansions scheduled in the second half of the year, alongside Asia continuing to drive growth with new PTH plants coming online in China and sustained competitiveness of propane and butane versus NAFTA in both East and West, increasing the overall demand. Additional support comes from a Panama Canal project at the moment operating at maximum efficiency, thus a limited downside and limited new building deliveries as mentioned by John in 2025. This contributes to our favorable supply-demand balance. With that, I'll pass over to Mr. John Vukoris.

Thank you, Tim.

At Dorian LPG, we are committed to continuously improving energy efficiency and advancing the sustainability of our operations and our vessels. We maintain a daily focus on optimizing vessel operational efficiency, whether underway or in port, while continuously incorporating insights from our crew. To ensure comprehensive performance monitoring, we leverage both proprietary tools and third-party platforms to assess the efficiency of the hull, main engine, auxiliary engines, boilers, and the integrity of data quality. How performance is assessed by monitoring frictional resistance with careful consideration of trim and speed optimization. We consistently monitor and clean the hull and propeller to optimize performance and minimize overall fuel consumption. We conduct regular monitoring of the main engine, auxiliary engines, and boiler, focusing on performance metrics such as utilization, power loads, and lubrication efficiency. Our scrubber vessel savings for the first quarter of 2025 amounted to $1,370,000, or about $1,174 per calendar day per vessel, net of all scrubber operating expenses. Fuel differentials between high sulfur fuel oil and very low sulfur fuel oil averaged $67 per metric ton, while the differential of LPG as fuel versus LPG The very low sulfur fuel oil stood at about $93 per metric ton, making LPG economically attractive for our dual-fuel vessels. We now operate 16 scrubble-fitted vessels and four dual-fuel LPG vessels. We have now completed the second VLGC vessel upgrade to carry ammonia cargo, and a third vessel is planned to be upgraded during its dry docking in the fourth quarter of 2025. Once this last vessel is completed, four BLGC vessels in our Dorian LPG fleet will be able to carry ammonia cargos in addition to our new building BLGC VLAC vessel delivering in 2026. We believe that the cargo fitness upgrades to include the ammonia cargo capability enhance the fleet's commercial optionality and readiness for employment when the first ammonia projects develop, and when the large ammonia cargo markets are established. At MAPC 83 during April 2025, member states finalized and approved the draft legal text for the IMO Net Zero Framework as part of the IMO's midterm greenhouse gas reduction measures to be added as a new Chapter 5 to Marple Annex 6. Key features include, one, a mandatory well-to-wake greenhouse gas fuel intensity standard, which is called GFI, effective 1st of January, 2028. Two, two compliance tiers, a base and a direct, with annual tightening reduction factors through 2035. Three, remedial units at USD $100 per tonne for every CO2 equivalent unit, and U.S. dollars 380 per ton for each carbon CO2 equivalent unit, CO2, for compliance shortfalls payable into the IMO net zero fund. Credits, that's number four, credits of overcompliance aiming to accelerate zero and near zero carbon fuel updates. Detailed implementation and verification guidelines for the IMO net zero framework are due to be finalized in mid-2025 ahead of formal adoption at the extraordinary MEPC session to be scheduled in October 2025. The IMO Committee also adopted Resolution MEPC-400, which sets out annual CII reduction factors relative to the 2019 reference line at 13.58% in 2027, increasing incrementally by 2.58% each year to reach 21.5% in 2030, compared to the 2019 reference. Our continued focus on energy and emissions savings reflects our belief that environmental responsibility aligns with long-term value creation for our shareholders. And now I would like to pass it over to John H. Bateras for final comments. Thank you all.

Thank you, John, Tim, and Ted. Nikki, we can open up for questions.

And at this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press the star and 1 on your telephone keypad. You may withdraw your question by pressing star 2. Once again, to ask a question, please press the star and 1 on your telephone keypad. We'll take our first question from Omar Nokata with Jefferies. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Thank you. Hey, guys. Good morning. I wanted to just ask a bit about the volatility that we've been seeing in the VLGC market. Obviously, there's always volatility. It just seems to be much more extreme perhaps recently. One thing is clearly the spot rates have exceeded many expectations, and right now we're hovering over 50,000 a day, it seems, on the spot market. Ted, you mentioned you booked 79% of the quarter at 42,000. It seems that the rates are basically much stronger than anticipated. I know, Tim, you talked about this a little bit, but could you talk about what's driving this market strength here recently? And is this sort of – are there any kind of trade pattern changes that have evolved out of what happened in April between China and the U.S.? Can you just give a bit more context as to what's driving this latest upswing?

Thank you. Thank you. Thanks for the question, Omar. I think Ted – I mean, sorry, I think Tim is best positioned to answer you this. He's on the front line, and obviously it's something on everybody's mind. So, Tim, can you take it, please?

Yeah, Omar, as you said, it has gone up quite a lot lately. I mean, we see that tightening, so we still see these trade flows that altered when the high tariffs was in place and China put on the retaliatory tariffs. So we're still seeing a lot of cargoes going from the U.S. to India and to Southeast Asia. So that, of course, gives a lot of ton miles. So I think it's still a balance between whether it makes sense to swap the tons and with the 10% tax, whether it makes sense to use U.S. origins into China or whether it's better to take and supplement out of AG. So there doesn't seem to be demand destruction, but some of the cargoes are still going in. longer route around the Cape to Southeast Asia and to India particularly. And that also means that you have more 10 miles out of the AG when they go to China, which would normally go, for example, to India. So on top of that, I mean, the production is still very strong and we have before we talked about tariffs, expected a strong year of 2025, which has seemed to be a little bit forgotten in all the noise on the tariff trade. But we have, I mean, 2025 was predicted to be relatively tight compared to 2024 with the limited new building deliveries. And you can say that the previous year little uh jump in new billion deliveries have been absorbed now from 23 24 and and the production is still still quite high plus as john mentioned also you do have a lot of uh dry drawings coming this year and even more next year so so we did have kind of a firm outlook for for 25 already and um And yeah, with the change in trade routes, that has definitely helped, especially as we haven't seen any destruction of demand yet in China.

Okay.

Thank you. Sorry, go ahead.

I was going to say, even at the best of times, it's very difficult to kind of make a projection on rates. But right now, it's even more. But all else, if things are staying the way they are, which they really do, we feel that these rates are sustainable.

Yeah, yeah. Oh, good.

And so I guess maybe just kind of on that, you talked a bit about the kind of the reshuffling, perhaps, of vessel capacity kind of moving into different trade routes. You have a longer ton mile. Since this U.S.-China trade deal over the beginning of last week, have you seen kind of like a flood of inquiry or a flood of fixtures on the part of Chinese buyers again? Have you seen a noticeable pickup or are these trade lanes kind of perhaps becoming more saturated in how they've been developing the past several months?

Yeah, I think it seems to have kind of settled now. I mean, when you have the high 245, 225 tariffs, definitely you didn't see any US going into China. Now I think we do, so it's balanced. But it seems to have already shifted and people seem content to keep selling to India. I guess also expectation of things could change again. So as long as it's on balances, you could say it was immaterial whether you go one or the other place, you would probably still try to place US tons outside China just to make sure that no surprises spring upon you. So we have seen a change in the in the trade routes and also the way that Indians import and have taken advantage of the US-China trade war.

Got it. Okay, and then a final one.

I think, Ted, you may have mentioned in your opening comments that the decision on the dividend was made before the China-US trade talks. Is that perhaps maybe a hint that you're more comfortable with something different, something higher perhaps, especially given the rate improvement we've seen recently?

I wouldn't want to commit the board or anybody. I just think that obviously it did change things as you just talked about. And so the board made the decision with the best information available at the time. And I wanted folks to have the benefit of understanding that and how the board and its discretion decides to evaluate the environment when it next meets. You know, we'll see. But, you know, obviously it is a better rate outlook, as John said. But as John also said, things rarely stay the same. So we shall see.

Yeah. No, that's clear. I appreciate that. Thanks, guys. That's it for me.

Thank you, RR. Thank you. And we show no further questions at this time. I will turn the call back to management for closing remarks.

Thank you, Nikki, for running a good show for us. And thank you, Omar, as always, for your difficult and incisive questions. And have a good summer. Talk to you in late July or early August.

Thank you. And these thus conclude today's program. thank you for your participation you may disconnect at any time