Altria Group, Inc.

Don't you worry about a thing. Don't you worry about a thing, mama. Cause I'll be standing on the side when you check it out. Take it all. You said, don't you worry about a thing. Don't you worry about a thing. Ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba. Don't you worry about a thing. Don't you worry about a thing, mama. Cause I'll be standing in the side of your jacket. When you get off your chair. Don't you worry about a thing Don't you worry about a thing, pretty mama Cause I'll be standing in the wind when you take it home Don't you worry about a thing Don't you worry about a thing Don't you worry about a thing Don't worry.

We could all find our seats, please, for our next presentation. Well, we're excited to welcome back the management team of Altria, longtime supporters of Cagney. For decades, they've been leaders in the tobacco industry with iconic brands led by Marlboro. Today, they're leaders in moving beyond smoking. This includes exciting new products like OnPlus and advocating for improved enforcement against illicit markets in the U.S., all while supporting strong cash returns to shareholders through the traditional businesses. We also note this is CEO Billy Gifford's final Cagney before he retires and transitions leadership to Sal Mancuso, who we're fortunate to have with us as well. That will happen in May. Billy, congratulations. Welcome, and take it away.

Thanks very much. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us. We're excited to be back at Cagney once again this year. I'm joined on stage by Salman Kousar, our Chief Financial Officer, and following our presentation, Heather Newman, our Chief Strategy and Growth Officer, and Bob McCarter, our General Counsel, who also leads regulatory affairs, will join us for the breakout session next door. Before we begin, we ask that you carefully review the Safe Harbor Statement in today's presentation. and the forward-looking and cautionary statements section in today's press release. These documents are available on Altria.com along with the reconciliations and further explanations of the non-GAAP financial measures we will discuss today. Future dividend payments and share repurchases remain subject to the discretion of our board. And all references in today's remarks to nicotine consumers or consumers within a specific nicotine category or segment refer to existing adult nicotine consumers 21 years of age or older. At Altria, we are responsibly transitioning smokers to a smoke-free future, competing vigorously for existing smoke-free nicotine consumers and exploring new growth opportunities beyond the U.S. and beyond nicotine. We've been leaders in the U.S. nicotine space for decades. Our iconic tobacco brands, including Marlboro, Black & Mild, and Copenhagen, have built durable competitive advantages and created significant value for our shareholders. In recent years, the U.S. nicotine space has been rapidly evolving, accelerated smoke-free adoption, and shifting consumer preferences have made the long-term growth and profit potential of smoke-free categories clear. These dynamics have created an unprecedented opportunity for our businesses. We believe we have the potential to both advance harm reduction and to extend Altria's historic track record of creating long-term value. We continue to evolve our businesses and capabilities to capture these opportunities to lead the U.S. nicotine space into the future. Today, I'll start with an update on the U.S. nicotine space, nicotine consumers and the portfolio we are building to capture the growing smoke-free opportunity. Next, I'll highlight some of our enhanced capabilities and strategy enablers that we expect will provide greater flexibility and strengthen our execution. Tal will then discuss our smokable products business, our ambition to expand beyond U.S. nicotine, and our continuing commitment to create substantial value for our shareholders. Let's dive in. The U.S. nicotine space is evolving, and innovative smoke-free products are driving that change. In 2025, growth in e-vapor and oral tobacco more than offset cigarette industry volume declines. As a result, total equivalized nicotine volumes grew by approximately 2.5% last year and by 2% over the past five years on a compounded annual basis. Over the same period, nicotine consumers have shifted meaningfully towards smoke-free options. Of the 55 million U.S. nicotine consumers, we now estimate that more than half use smoke-free products and more than one-third use them exclusively. The growing adoption of smoke-free products is encouraging and reflects real progress in harm reduction. More than 10 million former smokers have fully transitioned away from cigarettes. Just under half of the remaining 30 million smokers are interested in smoke-free options, underscoring that we are still in the early stages of the harm reduction opportunity. Our strategy is grounded in a deep understanding of today's nicotine consumers. Over decades, we've built a robust understanding of our consumers, including the role nicotine products play in their lives, and why they choose brands and products across different usage occasions. We've identified three distinct consumer groups, each defined by what consumers seek from their nicotine experience and the factors that drive their behaviors or product choices. These groups inform our total portfolio strategy, enabling us to meet consumers where they are, with their traditional brands, and our innovative smoke-free products. The first group, the traditionalists, consist of consumers who want to stick with what they know. They demonstrate strong brand and format loyalty, preferring familiar products that fit long-standing routines. Their behavior reinforces the strength and resilience of established brands like Marlboro and Copenhagen, and the importance of maintaining high-quality experiences in traditional tobacco. And while many smokers in this group acknowledge reasons they could switch to smoke-free alternatives, a persistent core remains unmotivated to make a change. The second group, the transitioners, is open to switching between product platforms. These consumers are willing to transition from cigarettes to smoke-free alternatives and move between smoke-free categories when products effectively deliver nicotine satisfaction, have less social friction, and have a value or harm reduction proposition. They are a key driver of category movement and contribute significantly to the ongoing adoption of smoke-free products. This group reinforces the role that nicotine pouches, evapor, and heated tobacco can each play for smokers or dippers, making innovative smoke-free alternatives. The third group, the variety seekers, actively seek different product forms, flavors, and experiences. They are early adopters of innovation and often set emerging trends within the nicotine space. Many use multiple product categories and have already transitioned from cigarettes, making them a highly dynamic group. Innovation is critical to meet the needs of this group. We believe that new products in the pouch category, such as Olin Plus, and our eVapor products under development, will be positioned to meet their rapidly evolving preferences. We believe that no single product format, flavor, or nicotine strength can adequately meet the full spectrum of consumer preferences. And it's foundational to why we remain committed to providing high-quality traditional tobacco products for loyal consumers while advancing an innovative smoke-free portfolio across oral nicotine pouches, heated tobacco, and e-vapor. Let's now turn to the smoke-free categories and our portfolio. The oral tobacco category grew by 12.5% last year. Nicotine pouches drove category growth, and volumes grew by over 40%. Nicotine pouches now comprise over half of the total oral category. All category consumers increased to over 8 million, and nicotine pouch consumers more than doubled over the past two years. Our oil tobacco product strategy is to maximize profitability over time in MST through the strength of Copenhagen and responsibly grow the oil portfolio while investing in a pipeline of innovative oil nicotine products. This approach aligns with our consumer groups, serving loyal, routine traditionalists through Copenhagen while meeting the needs of transitioners and variety seekers with innovative smoke-free options with ON and ON+. We believe we are successfully executing against this strategy. Our old tobacco product segment grew adjusted to OCI by a CAGR of 1.3% over the past five years. Over the same time, we built a competitive nicotine pouch brand with Olin and grew annual volumes to nearly 178 million cans in 2025, representing a CAGR of nearly 58%. In 2025, USSDC continued to lead in MST with Copenhagen. In the highly profitable premium segment, USSTC's share was 61% and has steadily grown over the past five years, illustrating the strength of our premium MST brands. And Helix delivered another year of volume share growth in a highly competitive category while improving profitability. With the recent FDA authorizations for certain ONPLUS products, Helix is poised for another strong year in 2026. We believe OrinPlus is a premium and differentiated product, featuring our proprietary Nicosilk technology, and it's designed to appeal to both adults who dip and competitive pouch consumers. OrinPlus is currently distributed in Florida, North Carolina, and Texas. Together, these states represent approximately 16% of total nicotine pouch volume. Early consumer insights have been encouraging. Approximately 95% of consumers surveyed say that they are very likely or somewhat likely to repurchase ONPLUS. And it's no surprise. After all, ONPLUS is the softest pouch on the planet. Helix is quickly preparing to expand OnPlus beyond its initial distribution. Its national launch is slated to begin next month, with broad retail distribution expected by the end of the first half. In support of this expansion, Helix recently announced a new trade program to strengthen retail positioning for the entire On portfolio, including enhanced merchandising, distribution, and assortment. At retail, OM Plus will stand out with premium signage and elevated positioning that highlights the product's differentiated, high-quality proposition. Innovation in pouch formats is driving category growth. We believe the differentiated product attributes of OM Plus position it to meet transitioner, and variety seeker preferences. It's authorized mint and wintergreen varieties in six and nine milligram strengths, aligned with the preferences of roughly 60% of pouch consumers. We believe this gives the brand a strong foundation. At the same time, we recognize growing consumer interest in additional flavors and higher strengths. Last year, flavor-forward varieties gained share. Interest in strength 9 milligrams and above also continues to rise, and higher nicotine strengths appeal to certain dippers. Helix has already filed PMTAs for additional Orm Plus products to meet these consumer preferences. The FDA is reviewing applications for Orm Plus Mint, and tobacco in 12 milligrams, along with six additional flavor varieties across three nicotine strengths. While the new flavor applications are not included in the FDA's pilot program, we are optimistic that the FDA will apply similar efficiencies and methodology. ON and ON Plus will be supported by amplified marketing strategies and activations led by our consumer experience organization. As nicotine categories have developed over time, so have the ways consumers engage with brands. Our data show a significant opportunity for ON and ON Plus to responsibly engage with adult consumers through previously unused marketing channels. By embracing these modern channels for our smoke-free brands, We believe we can more than double the reach of our traditional marketing efforts. Importantly, these efforts are grounded in responsibility with safeguards to limit reach to unintended audiences and with a strong focus on regulatory compliance. These new channels include high impact in-person events, strategic partnerships with well-known brands, paid social media, and streaming audio, among others. We already see this approach building brand affinity. Last year, our teams participated in events that drew 3 million attendees and had over 260,000 one-on-one interactions with adult consumers, driving significant awareness for the brand. Helix will engage consumers with OnePlus marketing content through a variety of paid media channels, including online video.

Let's take a look.

We're excited to bring a truly differentiated product to consumers this year with engaging marketing content that we expect to generate awareness, drive trial, and build on existing brand equity. Let's now turn to heated tobacco. While the category remains nascent in the US today, some smokers are seeking inhalable alternatives that reduce the social friction associated with cigarettes yet provide a satisfying real tobacco taste. These attributes align with the needs of some traditionalists and transitioners. These consumers are looking for inhalable smoke-free options but did not have an interest or find satisfaction in eVapor. We believe Plume paired with the familiar Marble brand offers smokers an inhalable smoke-free option that feels recognizable, credible, and satisfying. Last August, Horizon, our joint venture with JT Group, completed a key milestone on its path to bring plume to the U.S. Horizon filed a combined PMTA and MRTPA with the FDA for plume and marble heated tobacco sticks. We believe the science and evidence supporting these applications are compelling. Evidence from a large consumer use study among adult smokers shows that 31% of those who used Plumed switched completely, and an additional 42% reduced their cigarette consumption by half or more. Given the low risk of underage use and the strong benefits of switching for smokers, We believe Plume represents a strong case for FDA authorization. Let's now turn to eVapor, a category that strongly appeals to transitioners and variety seekers. We estimate the eVapor category grew approximately 15% in 2025, with illicit flavored disposable products representing approximately 70% of the category. At year end, we estimate there were more than 20 million vapors, including nearly 15 million using disposable products. In 2025, we began to see signs of a slight moderation in evapor growth following years of rapid expansion. We believe three primary factors are driving this. Increased enforcement, pricing, and a slowdown in organic category growth. First, enforcement is improving. We have long advocated for stronger enforcement against illicit products. These products, mostly imported from China, are produced with no FDA oversight of ingredients, how they are made, marketed, or sold. In 2025, we saw increased engagement and action from federal agencies and government officials. Our research with adult disposable vapors suggests that enforcement efforts are gaining traction, with over half of those surveyed reporting out of stocks for their preferred brand. Second, we are also seeing enforcement-related supply shortages, together with tariffs on Chinese manufactured goods, impacting pricing dynamics. In tract channels, we observed significant price increases for certain illicit brands. Our data show that retail prices increased for one leading illicit disposable brand by more than 20% in the second half of 2025. In addition, there are early indications that growth in the total number of disposable vapors is moderating. In 2025, the number of disposable vapors slowed, rising approximately 8% versus the more than 40% in 2024. Further, disposable evapor volumes grew approximately 30% last year, compared to over 50% in 2025. While this is early progress, more action is needed. Consumers deserve products that have been rigorously reviewed by the FDA. At a minimum, they should know what's in their products. The prolonged growth of illicit evapor continues to jeopardize the harm reduction opportunity. The entire industry needs to operate within a fully enforced, science-based regulatory environment. We're hopeful that 2026 will bring consistent enforcement and further improvements to the regulatory process. Long term, It's important to compete in eVapor with flavored products that meet evolving consumer preferences. We are working on a pipeline of products to drive to that future. The proliferation of illicit disposable products, slow pace of FDA authorizations, and the intellectual property landscape remain significant headwinds. We intend to maintain a measured approach to our investments in eVapor until a regulatory framework is functioning as intended and enforcement actions meaningfully address the illicit market. As we advance our smoke-free portfolio, we are also strengthening the capabilities and enablers that accelerate progress toward our vision. We are creating additional operational and financial flexibility through our Optimize and Accelerate initiative. expanding our import and export capabilities, and enhancing our RGM infrastructure. And our industry-leading Salesforce continues to be a critical enabler of our success. We're modernizing the way we work through our Optimize and Accelerate initiative, which we first announced in late 2024. From the start, We said our goal was to generate at least $600 million in savings to reinvest in our vision, while also increasing our organization's speed and effectiveness. We're just over a year into our initiative, and we're already seeing the benefits. In our marketing services organization, we've reduced the time required to create and execute content by as much as 50%. We're leveraging automation and generative AI, enabling us to move closer to the consumer at a faster pace than ever before. We're also scaling an AI tool across AGDC, our sales and distribution company, to strengthen execution and create capacity for our teams. Our sales managers capture images in every store they visit. AI converts these photos into structured insights, such as opportunities to improve product assortment, pricing, or signage on the back bar. What used to take days will happen almost instantly once we scale this new technology. Next, we are expanding our import and export capabilities and building operational expertise that supports our broader international aspirations. We believe this provides greater financial flexibility for PMUSA and the enterprise. PMUSA began making foundational investments to support international product specifications last year, and our CapEx range for 2026 includes further investments. We expect import and export activity to ramp up throughout the year, and we have contracted export volumes with multiple partners that support a return on investment in less than one year. We're also enhancing our GM infrastructure to optimize growth, sharpen resource allocation, and accelerate progress towards our vision. Traditionally, Each operating company used RGM based on its own priorities and stage of maturity. This model has delivered tremendous results, and we expect it will continue to do so. Enterprise RGM expands beyond an operating company approach and applies an enterprise-wide view. It enables us to evaluate cross-category dynamics and allocate resources more efficiently. While early, our small scale tests show encouraging results. Using Enterprise RGM, we can analyze large data sets to understand pricing, retail, consumer, and cross category trends at a granular level. For example, these insights may inform decisions like reducing promotional support for a brand like Marble Menthol, and instead increasing support for O.R.N. to grow total outdoor nicotine share and encourage consumer transition to our smoke-free brands. And finally, AGDC remains focused on creating the best in-store experience for our consumers and delivering the highest quality service to the trade. When surveyed last year, retailers ranked AGDC personnel better than all other CPG manufacturers for both account management and store-level personnel. Our sales organization and trade relationships are strong and remain a critical enabler of our growth aspirations. As you can see, we are moving closer to our consumers advancing our smoke-free portfolio, and improving our capabilities. Our talented employees bring deep expertise, a strong sense of ownership, and a commitment to responsibility. They give me confidence that we are moving closer to achieving our vision. With that, I'll turn it over to Sal to discuss our highly profitable, smokable product segment, progress toward our 2028 enterprise goals, and our continuing commitment to shareholder returns.

Thanks, Billy.

Let me begin with our smokable product segment. We manage our smokable business for the long term, which means that PMUSA seeks to maximize profitability while maintaining Marlboro's strength over time. We believe we have effectively executed this strategy despite elevated cigarette volume declines in recent years. Over the past five years, the smokable product segment has grown adjusted OCI by more than $950 million, representing a CAGR of 1.8%. Over the same time, adjusted OCI margins have expanded by seven percentage points to 63.4%. In 2025, we saw a slight moderation in cigarette industry volume declines, with volume gradually improving throughout the year. For the full year, the industry decline rate of 8% was 1% better than 2024. driven by the reduced impact from macroeconomic factors and cross-category movement. As part of our fourth quarter results, we updated our estimate of cross-category impacts, which are primarily driven by illicit, flavored, disposable e-vapor products to a range of 2% to 3%. PMUSA's primary focus remains on the premium segment, where the largest profit opportunity exists. Despite discount segment growth in recent years, the premium segment represented approximately 85% of cigarette manufacturer industry profit in 2025. Over time, PMUSA has invested in Marlboro to reinforce the brand's leadership and strengthen the relationship we've built with the loyal, routine-driven traditionalists that Billy described earlier. Those investments continue to pay off as Marlboro's share of premium expanded once again in 2025. And over the past five years, Marlboro outperformed other premium brands, growing its share of the highly profitable premium segment to 59.4%. This performance was supported by Marlboro smokers who remained highly loyal with brand loyalty rates above 95% in 2025. Adult smokers have been under macroeconomic pressure from a variety of headwinds in recent years, including the cumulative impacts of inflation. Over time, PMUSA has used RGM and certain Marlboro packings to meet the needs of value-sensitive Marlboro smokers. RGM informs the geographies and promotional rates where support is most effective, allowing PMUSA to optimize promotional investments and portfolio architecture to support the smokable product segment's overall strategy. PMUSA's capabilities continue to evolve, and the next iteration of this approach is Marlboro Cowboy Cut. Cowboy Cut rides on the back of the brand's American heritage and delivers a classic Marlboro experience. We believe it provides a premium Marlboro option at the right price to retain value-sensitive smokers within the franchise and we expect to begin expanding distribution later this year. Historically, PMUSA has maintained a presence in the discount segment and has effectively grown profitability through its discount brands over time. Last year, PMUSA used RGM to reposition BASIC, deploying discount strategies used in the past but now with far greater precision. Today, BASIC is strategically positioned in approximately 30,000 stores, which represents about 12% of PMUSA's volume. This compares to the 290,000 store coverage of Marlboro. In addition, BASIC is positioned in stores and geographies where discount brands are over indexed while Marlboro and other premium brands typically under index relative to the industry. We believe BASIC's 2025 performance reflects the effectiveness of PMUSA's refined discount strategy. In the fourth quarter, BASIC retail share grew to 2.1%, an increase of 1.9 share points year over year. At the same time, The growth rate in the deep discount tier has moderated, while BASIC has been the primary beneficiary of growth in branded discount. As a result, we believe PMUSA captured share it otherwise would have lost to competitive discount brands while limiting incremental impact to Marlboro. BASIC's retail footprint and brand investments are not static. And PMUSA continues to make data-driven adjustments with the segment's long-term strategy in mind. Altogether, PMUSA's total portfolio approach delivered in 2025. Marlboro grew share in premium. Basic gained traction in discount. And total PMUSA share declines moderated. In the fourth quarter of 2025, PMUSA shared decline was only 0.2 percentage points versus a 1.4 percentage point decline in the fourth quarter of 2024. These results reinforce our confidence in our smoke pool strategy and its ability to support sustained long-term financial performance. Let's now turn to our long-term adjacent growth opportunities. Billy outlined the US smoke-free opportunity directly ahead of us. Outside of our US nicotine efforts, we believe that international and non-nicotine opportunities can deliver incremental top-line growth. We are investing with discipline to strengthen our competitive position, expand our product portfolio, and achieve our long-term growth goals. Internationally, we are expanding our position in the fastest-growing smoke-free category, nicotine pouches. Last year, On, OnPlus, and Fumi competed across attractive and growing markets through e-commerce and targeted retail distribution. As we moved closer to international consumers, We are sharpening our understanding of who they are, their usage occasions, and preferred product attributes. Our research supports that Fumi has strong potential to connect with international pouch consumers. Last year, we expanded nicotine pouch products to seven markets and increased retail distribution by over five times to more than 40,000 stores. In addition, we strengthen our international product portfolio with three new Fumi flavors, increasing the brand to 12 offerings across multiple nicotine strengths. As we scale our execution abroad, we are gaining valuable insights that we can apply to the evolving U.S. nicotine pouch category. U.S. nicotine presents another opportunity to drive incremental revenue growth over the long term. We are taking a disciplined test and learn approach to this space. In 2025, we tested more than 30 non-nicotine products across a range of formats. While we explored several areas, our research shows that energy is the most sought after functional benefit for consumers. We continue to believe there is potential to disrupt the energy category in convenience stores, which we estimate to be a more than $19 billion opportunity. We are advancing this strategy through our collaboration with Proper Wild. AGDC supported the expansion of Proper Wild's energy shots to more than 25,000 retail stores, where the brand is generating buzz. The product was recently recognized by convenience store news as the best new energy shot for 2025. And now we are expanding the proper wild portfolio and expect to begin distributing its energy gummies to test markets in the first half of this year. We believe proper wild gummies stand out for their clean ingredients and our research shows strong consumer enthusiasm. Among convenience store shoppers, 70% intend to repurchase the product after trying it. This year, we expect to add two more differentiated products to further strengthen our non-nicotine portfolio. These products put us on pace to achieve our goal to commercialize and broadly distribute at least five non-nicotine products by 2028. While we invest in our future, our traditional tobacco businesses continue to fuel the significant cash returns we've delivered for decades. In 2025, we hit two major milestones. In August, our board increased our quarterly dividend by 3.9% to $1.06 per share, marking our 60th increase in 56 years. Since the 2008 PMI spinoff, we have provided over $100 billion in cash returns to shareholders, which approximates our current market capitalization. These achievements reinforce the resilience of our businesses and our long history of delivering shareholder value. We believe our consistent cash returns and earnings growth have positioned us as a compelling investment from a total shareholder return perspective. Over the past five years, our TSR has outperformed the S&P 500 and, by a wide margin, the consumer staples sector and the S&P 500 food, beverage, and tobacco industry group. On average, our businesses have annually produced more than $1 billion of cash in excess of dividend payments. As we consider future excess cash generation, we expect to continue balancing share repurchases with investments in our vision. At the end of 2025, we had $1 billion remaining under our current $2 billion share repurchase program which expires at the end of 2026. Our balance sheet remains strong with manageable debt maturity towers. None of our annual maturities exceed $2 billion through 2038. And at the end of last year, our debt to EBITDA ratio was two times. Our balance sheet is bolstered by our investment in ABI, At the end of last year, the fair value of our investment was $10.3 billion, and in 2025, ABI delivered over $200 million in dividends, up nearly 50% versus the prior year. We continue to view the ABI state as a financial investment, and our goal remains to maximize the long-term value of the investment for our shareholders. We remain committed to our 2028 corporate goals and believe we are on track to achieve them. We also continue to reassess our smoke-free goals and expect to provide updated goals when we have more clarity on how the legitimate evapor market may evolve. In summary, the U.S. nicotine space is growing and smoke-free categories represent a substantial long-term opportunity. We are building our position with compelling smoke-free products and advancing the capabilities needed to lead U.S. nicotine into the future and capture the harm reduction opportunity. Our smoke-free strategy is anchored and funded by the strength of our traditional tobacco businesses. Our smokeable and oral tobacco product segments continue to deliver robust margins and significant cash flow. which support disciplined capital allocation, including an attractive dividend and ongoing share repurchases. With a strong balance sheet in our 2028 enterprise goals as a clear roadmap, we believe we are well positioned to drive long-term value creation. My confidence in the road ahead is grounded in our talented employees, passionately execute with purpose, embrace change, and are central to advancing our vision. Thank you for your time and interest in Altria. I'll now invite Billy back to the podium and we'll take your questions.

I think we have time maybe for one question. Yeah, one question. And then we'll have plenty of time in the breakout room. Bonnie?

Thank you. I just had a question on, you know, the new Marlboro cowboy cut. Could you help frame for us how you're going to be positioning that maybe from a price perspective, you know, relative to some of the other Marlboro SKUs, you know, ultimately what, you know, the objective is love to hear a little bit more from you on that. And, I don't recall, did you say you've already been testing it? I'm just curious, you know, how incremental you expect this to be to the Marlboro brand family or a lot of cannibalization? Thank you. Sure.

I think when you think about it, it's both an equity and a safe haven for consumers that are under pressure but want to stay in the Marlboro brand. It's the 250th anniversary of the U.S., and what's more Americana than Marlboro and the Cowboys? So it has that from an equity point. But certainly, as we see our consumer under pressure, think of it as it could be discounted to the place of Marlboro Black. It's not to lay on top of Marlboro Black, but it allows different price adjustments to be made across the entire portfolio of the Marlboro brand. It's no different than we use special blend or other package within Marlboro in the past. Thanks.

Great. Well, that's all the time we have. Please join me in thanking the management team of Altria for a great presentation. and we'll take the rest of the questions in the breakout room.