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spk10: Good morning. My name is Grace Lacra and I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Merck & Co Q1 Sales and Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. And after the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. And to withdraw your question, please press the pound key. Thank you. I would like to turn the call over to Peter Dannenbaum, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
spk02: Thank you, Grace, and good morning. Welcome to Merck's first quarter 2022 conference call. Speaking on today's call will be Rob Davis, President and Chief Executive Officer, Caroline Litchfield, Chief Financial Officer, and Dr. Dean Lee, President of Merck Research Labs. Before we get started, I'd like to point out a few items. You will see that we have items in our GAAP results, such as acquisition-related charges, restructuring costs, and certain other items. You should note that we have excluded these items from our non-GAAP results and provide a reconciliation in our press release. I would like to remind you that some of the statements that we make today may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provision of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are made based on the current beliefs of Merck Management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. If our underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Our SEC filings, including Item 1A and the 2021 10-K, identify certain risk factors and cautionary statements that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those projected in any of our forward-looking statements made this morning. Merck undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements. During today's call, a slide presentation will accompany our speaker's prepared remarks. The presentation, today's earnings release, as well as our FTC filings are all posted to the Investor Relations section of Merck's website. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Ron.
spk16: Thanks, Peter. Good morning, and thank you for joining today's call. Before I get started, let me take a moment to speak about the ongoing crisis in Ukraine. We're hopeful for an immediate and peaceful resolution to the Russian invasion of the country, and we support the Ukrainian people and stand with them. and recognize what a terrible tragedy this represents. Merck is making every effort to protect the health and safety of our employees and to ensure essential medicines and vaccines continue to reach patients. In addition, we are dedicating meaningful resources to address the humanitarian crisis in the country through multiple channels. Turning to our business, we continue to deliver across our key strategic priorities in the first quarter. We're sustaining the strong business momentum we delivered in 2021 with robust top and bottom line growth. We've also achieved significant clinical advancements across our research pipeline and successfully integrated Acceleron. Now moving to our results. We've had a strong start to 2022, achieving very strong top and bottom line growth. Commercially, we continue to execute well across a broad set of key growth drivers, most notably Catruda, Gardasil, and Animal Health. Our performance reflects robust underlying demand for our de-risk innovative portfolio and reinforces the importance of our science-led strategy. Ligebrio, our COVID-19 antiviral treatment, was a significant contributor as well, but even excluding these sales, our top-line growth was still a very healthy 19% versus last year. On Ligebrio, We've accelerated broad global access, and it's now established as an important tool for patients and healthcare providers to address the ongoing pandemic. Since receiving emergency use authorization in December, we've delivered approximately 6.4 million courses to more than 30 countries. The success we are achieving is reflected in our updated 2022 guidance, which demonstrates our expectation for another year of strong growth and overall business momentum. Our oncology business is benefiting from the continued rollout of new and important indications, including in earlier lines of therapy. Global demand for Gardasil remains strong, and growth will benefit from increased supply as a result of the significant investments we are making to expand manufacturing capacity, and our animal health business remains positioned to grow at above market rates. Longer term, we remain confident in our ability to deliver strong revenue growth and operating margin expansion through 2025. We're preparing for the post-Katruta LOE period by continuing to strengthen the levers we have and building upon them in order to deliver long-term growth. In oncology, we remain committed to building on the foundational position that we have achieved with Katruta, and we aim to expand our presence in this key therapeutic area and to establish an enduring leadership position. In addition, we'll continue to maximize the opportunities we see for our durable growth drivers, such as Gardasil, our pneumococcal portfolio, and animal health through our proven commercial execution. Beyond our existing portfolio, business development remains a key priority. We remain highly focused in our pursuit of the best external innovation and will be appropriately aggressive when great science and value align. We have a strong track record of business development but we know we need to do more, and we believe we are well positioned to quickly deploy capital towards the right strategic assets as they present themselves. And finally, we'll continue to advance our broad pipeline across key therapeutic areas in order to deliver medically important innovations to patients. We've taken important steps to provide increased transparency into the opportunities we see in our portfolio and our business, including through two recent investor events. Earlier this month, we provided a detailed description of our growing cardiovascular portfolio and pipeline. At Merck, we're focusing our efforts where the needs are greatest and where we have the best opportunity to positively impact patients' lives, including in heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. We've made significant advancements across our CV pipeline and believe our broad, differentiated portfolio can have meaningful impacts on patients' lives with at least eight potential new approvals by 2030. We're confident that these important innovations have the potential to be meaningful growth drivers for Merck well into the next decade. And in February, we hosted our inaugural ESG event, which highlighted our activities in our four priority areas of access to health, employees, environmental sustainability, and ethics and values. Our ESG efforts are grounded in our company's values, and we look forward to building on Merck's legacy of operating responsibly going forward. Before I close, I'd like to take a moment to recognize Dr. Roy Baines, who has announced his retirement after eight years of Merck. Roy has been instrumental in helping Merck become a leading oncology company, particularly through his leadership and the development of Petruda. We wish Roy the best in his future endeavors, and we're confident that he leaves behind an outstanding team and program. I'm pleased to report that Dr. Elliot Barr was appointed to succeed Roy. Elliot not only has deep experience having served in several research capacities throughout his more than two decades at Merck, but also has an unwavering commitment to patients consistent with Merck's purpose to save and improve lives. In summary, we've begun 2022 with strong operational momentum, and I want to express my sincere thanks to our employees worldwide for their continued focus and commitment. We remain confident in our fundamental strategy, our growth prospects, and in our ability to deliver significant benefits for patients and value to shareholders well into the future. With that, I'll turn the call over to Caroline.
spk09: Thank you, Rob. Good morning. As Rob highlighted, we have had a very strong start to 2022 with exceptional performance in both revenues and earnings. These results further demonstrate that our focus on science and innovation at the core of our strategy, enabled by excellent execution of our dedicated colleagues across the globe, is delivering value for patients, customers, and investors. Total company revenues were $15.9 billion, an increase of 50%. Ligetrio contributed $3.2 billion in revenue. Excluding Ligetrio, the base business delivered very strong growth of 19%. The remainder of my comments will be on an exchange basis. Our human health business continued its strong momentum Excluding Ligetrio, the human health business grew 21%, driven primarily by our key pillars, as well as the reduced impact of the pandemic. Our animal health business also delivered above market performance, with sales increasing 9%, driven by growth across both companion animal and livestock segments. Now turning to the first quarter performance of our key brands. In oncology, Keytruda grew 27% to $4.8 billion, reflecting continued robust global demand and the expansion into new indications. In the U.S., Keytruda continues to demonstrate strong growth across all key tumors and is benefiting from recent launches in earlier stage cancers, including triple negative breast, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Keytruda is currently approved to treat five indications in earlier stage cancers, and we are excited about the potential opportunity to expand into adjacent lung cancer based on the encouraging data from Keynotes 91. We continue to be confident that Keytruda's robust clinical data, combined with physicians' familiarity and experience with the product, will support expanded use and patient benefit in early stage disease. In the metastatic setting, Keytruda continues to maintain its leadership position in non-small cell lung cancer, capturing 8 out of 10 eligible new patients. Outside the U.S., Keytruda growth continues to be driven by lung cancer and the ongoing launches in head and neck cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Limpaza remains the market-leading PARP inhibitor. our Alliance revenue grew 20%, driven by uptake in metastatic breast cancer. We are also excited by the expanded opportunity in early-stage breast cancer, following the recent FDA approval based on the Olympia study. Further, we look forward to potentially reaching a broad prostate population based on the Propel study. Lenvima Alliance revenue also had very strong growth, driven by uptake following the launches of Keynote 581 in advanced renal cell carcinoma and Keynote 775 in metastatic endometrial cancer, where we are seeing encouraging new patient share trends across each of these tumor types. LEMVIMA growth also benefited from increased demand in hepatocellular carcinoma in China and certain one-time items. We are also excited by the launch of WelliReg for patients with certain VHL-associated tumors. WelliReg continues to generate strong interest among scientific leaders, providers, and patients. Although still early in its launch, WelliReg has had strong uptake, providing a treatment option to the significant unmet need for these patients. We are working to potentially extend its reach to broader RCC indications in the future. Our vaccines portfolio again delivered excellent performance, led by Gardasil, which increased 60% to $1.5 billion. Outside the US, significant growth was driven by strong underlying demand across key geographies, particularly China, as well as increased supply. In the US, sales increased due to the timing of CDC purchases. Global demand for Gardasil remains robust, supported by strong clinical and real-world data, as well as efforts to increase the recognition of Gardasil as a vaccine that can help prevent certain HPV-related cancers in both females and males. In our hospital acute care portfolio, Viridion cells grew 20%. driven by the ongoing recovery in surgical procedures during the quarter, and continued strong leadership of the neuromuscular blockade reversal agent class. Our animal health business delivered another quarter of robust growth, with sales increasing 9%. Companion animal sales increased 13%, driven by global demand in parasiticides, including the Brevecto line of products, as well as vaccines. Livestock sales increased 7% due to higher demand in ruminants and poultry. I will now walk you through the remainder of our P&L, and my comments will be on a non-GAAP basis. Growth margin was 70.7%, a decrease of 5.9 percentage points, driven primarily by higher Ligurithrio sales. As a reminder, we share profits from Le Gevrio equally with our partner Ridgeback, which is reflected within cost of sales and reduces our gross margin percentage. Gross margin this quarter also reflects the favorable impact of product mix, offset by higher manufacturing costs. Operating expenses increased 7% to $4.8 billion. as we continue to prudently invest behind our growth drivers and pipelines. Other expense was approximately $140 million. Our tax rate was 14%. Taken together, we earned $2.14 per share. Turning now to our 2022 non-GAAP guidance. As a reminder, at the request of the SEC, certain companies in our industry, including ours, have made changes to non-GAAP reporting. We will no longer exclude significant expenses for upfront and milestone payments related to collaborations and licensing agreements, as well as transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions from non-GAAP results. As a result, $1.7 billion of R&D charges, primarily related to the acquisition of Pandion, are now included in our recast 2021 non-GAAP results. This increased R&D expense by $1.7 billion and decreased non-GAAP EPS by 65 cents. There was no impact to the first quarters of 2021 and 2022. Our 2022 guidance does not assume any significant transactions that would have previously been excluded from non-GAAP. So this could change in the future quarters if we execute business development, which is a strategic priority. The underlying strength of our business enables us to raise and narrow our full-year guidance. We now expect revenues to be between $56.9 and $58.1 billion, representing growth of 17% to 19%. or 11 to 12% excluding Ligevria and the impact from foreign exchange. The projected impact from foreign exchange includes an incremental headwind of approximately $200 million using mid-April rates, resulting in a full-year negative impact of just over 2%. We are increasing our gross margin expectation to between 74 and 74.5%. We expect operating expenses of $20.3 to $21.3 billion. At the midpoint, it is consistent with what was implied by our prior guidance. We expect other expense of approximately $350 million. We assume a full year tax rate between 13.5 and 14.5%. due to an increase in estimated US taxes to be paid on foreign income. We assume 2.53 billion shares outstanding. Taken together, we have increased our expected EPS range to $7.24 to $7.36, representing pull-through of the operational strength from our key pillars and operating expense leverage, offset in part by a slight reduction in the top end of our Ligebrio sales assumption, the increase in our tax rate, and an incremental 1% headwind from foreign exchange using mid-April rates. As you consider your models, there are a few areas to focus on. First on Ligebrio, we are narrowing the range of our full year guidance to $5 billion to $5.5 billion. We have entered into supply and purchase agreements for approximately 10 million courses of therapy. Since authorisation, we delivered 6.4 million courses of therapy, including 5 million in the first quarter. We expect approximately half of the remaining full-year revenue from Le Gevrio in the second quarter. We continue to expect strong annual growth for Gardasil. especially in ex-US markets, including China. Finally, as a reminder, our other revenue line contains several items, including supply sales to Organon, which we began recording upon the completion of the spin-off last year, and to Johnson & Johnson for its COVID vaccine. Also included are our revenue hedge and royalties. Other revenue in the first quarter also benefited from approximately $100 million in receipts relating to outlicensing agreements. Our capital allocation priorities remain unchanged. First, we will continue to prioritize investments in our business and pipeline to drive near and long-term growth. We will continue to be appropriately aggressive in augmenting our internal pipeline through strategic business development and we intend to pursue additional value enhancing opportunities. We remain committed to the dividend with the goal of increasing it over time. To the extent we have excess cash, we will return it to shareholders through share repurchases. To conclude, we remain very confident in the growth of our business, driven by the global demand for our innovative medicines and vaccines. We are in a position of financial and operational strength, and our continued execution will enable us to deliver value to patients and our shareholders well into the future. With that, I'd now like to turn the call over to Dean.
spk06: Thank you, Carolyn. It is good to be here to provide an update on our progress. In the first quarter, we continued to demonstrate progress in our pipeline. We made advances across multiple therapeutic areas, including oncology, in both advanced and earlier stages of cancer, as well as in cardiovascular disease and vaccines. I will also provide an update on Ligabria. In oncology, we continue to build upon our strong position and execute on our strategy to expand, deepen, and extend benefits to patients and diversify our imprint on cancer. This past quarter, we achieved milestones in several tumor types as well as different stages of disease. Notably, we continue to expand our treatment impact in earlier stages of disease, where we now have six approvals from the FDA, five for Keytruda and one for Limparsa. At the European Society for Medical Oncology virtual plenary session last month, data from the Keynote 91, or PEARLS, trial evaluating Keytruda for the adjuvant treatment of patients with stage 1b to 3a non-small cell lung cancer following surgical resection were presented. At an interim analysis, Keytruda significantly improved disease-free survival in all comers, one of the study's dual primary endpoints. The trial will continue to analyze the other dual primary endpoints of disease-free survival in patients whose tumors expressed high levels of CDL1. which did not meet statistical significance at the time of the planned interim analysis. These latest data provide a strong signal for the benefit of Keytruda in the adjuvant treatment setting. Additional ongoing studies in earlier stages of non-small cell lung cancer include Keynote 671, which is evaluating neoadjuvant adjuvant therapy for patients with resectable 2, 3A, and 3B disease, Keynote 867, which is studying stereotactic body radiotherapy with or without Keytruda in adults with unresected stage 1 or 2 disease. And Keylink 12, where we are studying Keytruda in combination with Lemparsa in stage 3 disease. Following the proof of Keytruda for the adjuvant treatment of patients 12 years and older with stage 2B or 2C melanoma following complete resection Based on Keynote 716, we announced that at a pre-specified interim analysis, the study also met its secondary endpoint of distinct metastasis-free survival and showed continued improvement in recurrence-free survival compared to placebo. The data from Keynote 716 reinforces the evidence for Keytruda as adjuvant therapy for appropriate patients with stage 2B and 2C following surgery to help prevent recurrence of disease. Now, similarly, in the earlier stage setting, along with AstraZeneca, we announced Lemparza was approved by the FDA for the adjuvant treatment of patients with germline BRCA mutations with HER2-negative high-risk early breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy either before or after surgery based on the Olympia study. Further, in women's cancer, we received FDA approval for Keytruda for the treatment patients with microsatellite instability high or mismatch repair deficient advanced endometrial carcinoma based on new data for Keynote 158. Now, this approval is a fourth gynecologic cancer approval for Ctruda and marks the fifth approval derived from the Keynote 158 trial, an innovative trial designed to evaluate the use of predictive tumor biomarkers in patients receiving Ctruda for advanced solid tumors. Next. to prostate cancer. Along with AstraZeneca, positive results were presented at the American Society for Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancer Symposium for the PROPEL trial, evaluating Limparza in combination with Everetanone as a first-line treatment for patients with metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer with and without mutation in a group of homologous recombination reclerogens. Had a planned interim analysis. Results showed an improvement in radiographic progression-free survival versus the standard of care. These early results also showed a trend towards improved overall survival. The trial will continue to assess this key secondary endpoint, and we plan to engage with health authorities to discuss the findings with the aim of bringing this important option to appropriate patients. Prostate cancer represents a significant unmet need. and we are continually gaining important insights into the biology of the tumor. We are keen on making an impact for patients with late-stage disease. Last month, we announced the discontinuation of the KeyLink-10 study, evaluating the combination of KeyTruda and Lemparsa for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. At an interim analysis, the study showed no evidence of superiority to abiratinone or enzalutamide with respect to overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival. Our attention in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer now shifts to Keynote 921, a study exploring the combination of protruda and chemotherapy, and Keynote 641, which is evaluating the combination of protruda and enzalutamide. Outside of the United States, we continue to deliver on our regulatory strategies, Notable actions include positive CHMP opinions for cervical, MSI highs, and early-stage breast cancer in Europe and approvals for the combination regimen of Keytruda plus Lendima for advanced renal cell carcinoma in Japan. And finally, to coincide with ASCO, in early June, we are planning to host an investor event in Chicago. At our recent cardiovascular investor event, we showcased our growing portfolio of programs targeting a range of conditions, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and thrombosis. Following the completion of our acquisition of Acceleron Pharma, we are making strong progress in advancing the development of Cetatriceps, a potential first-in-class valuable activin receptor type 2A fusion protein. We recently completed enrollment for the STELR trial ahead of schedule. STELR is the first of four ongoing Phase III studies evaluating cicatriceps. This progress reflects enthusiasm from investigators regarding this novel investigational mechanism. For the first time, the 2022 American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and Heart Failure Society of America's Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failures included your Q-vote which we collaborate on with our partner, Bayer. As a class 2B recommendation for the treatment of stage C heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The guideline highlights this mechanism of SGC such as Vertuvo and the potential benefits of stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase and increasing cyclase GMP. Based on evidence from the pioneering VICTORIA trial, Vercubo is the first drug specifically studied and approved for patients with worsening heart failure and the only drug recommended in the new guidelines for these patients. Our ongoing VICTOR study is designed to expand on the evidence to date by evaluating Vercubo in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who have not experienced a recent worsening heart failure event. is uniquely positioned to meaningfully impact the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease with at least eight potential approvals by 2030, including for tubal and stable heart failure and cetatriceps, as well as our pipeline of candidates, including an inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, a factor XI inhibitor, and an oral PCSK9 inhibitor. Next, the COVID-19 and Ligaviril. As the pandemic evolves, there continues to be regional surges in infection rates with the emergence of new COVID-19 variants. Now, some of these strains are resistant to specific monoclonal antibody regimens and appear able to evade some vaccine protection, highlighting the importance of testing and availability of antiviral options. At the recent European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, we presented Phase III virology outcomes data from MOVE-OUT, adding to the growing body of evidence for the antiviral properties of Ligaviril. The PARANORAMIC trial evaluating novel antivirals for early treatment, which is being sponsored by the University of Oxford and funded by the UK government, and the MOVE-AHEAD trial evaluating Ligaviril for post-exposure prophylaxis are both ongoing. We are working collaboratively with the European Medicines Agency to provide additional data from these trials in order to secure an approval. We remain confident in the safety and efficacy of Ligavrio in appropriate patients. In particular, we believe its low propensity for drug-drug interactions makes it an important option for patients. Next, on our pneumococcal program, Earlier this month, the FDA extended the PDUFA date for the supplemental biologics license application for vaccine events, our 15-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in infants and children to July 1, 2022. The agency requested additional analyses of data, which we provided. Importantly, no new studies were requested. Also in our pneumococcal program, we received breakthrough therapy designation for V116, our investigational PCV that is designed to target serotypes responsible for approximately 80% of the residual invasive disease in the older adult population and includes eight unique serotypes not in currently licensed vaccines. We look forward to providing future updates. In closing, I would like to thank Roy Baines for his many contributions to Merck over the past eight years. As we build upon his legacy, I am constantly reminded of Roy's wisdom and teaching, and I am grateful to work with the remarkable team he has trained and mentored. One of those mentees, of course, is Elliot Barr. Elliot's experience and commitment to Merck's purpose of saving and improving lives makes him the ideal leader of our global clinical development program. Elliot has a wealth of experience. holding leadership roles across an array of therapeutic areas during his 27 years at Merck, including vaccine, infectious disease, and oncology. I look forward to continuing to partner with Elliott to build upon Merck's legacy of innovation and breakthrough science. And now, back to Peter.
spk02: Thank you, Gene. Grace, if you could please begin the Q&A. And we request that analysts limit themselves to one question each today to get to as many analysts as possible. Thank you.
spk10: To ask a question, you will need to press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. Again, for the question, you may press star one. Your first question comes from the line of Carter Gold from Barclays. Your line is open.
spk14: Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking our questions. This is Ed Ron for Carter. We wanted to ask about Gardasil. If you could talk about any impact you're seeing in China, either from a demand perspective or disruptions to manufacturing, and in that context, should we think about cadence over the year being notably different than in the years past? There's just a lot of different crosswinds in place, so any color there would be helpful. Thank you.
spk09: Carter, this is Caroline. Thank you very much for the question. Gardasil continues to be a great growth driver for our company globally, including China. Specific to China, we saw strong performance in the quarter and we expect continued strong performance as we go through this year. We have significant demand in China and as there are flares as a result of COVID and potentially lockdowns in one part of the country, we have the ability to ensure that we're supplying more of the Gardasil doses to other parts of the country. So we're therefore not anticipating a significant impact to our Gardasil performance in China as a result of what we're seeing in Shanghai at this moment in time. As it pertains to our supply chain, our company has a very robust supply chain. and we have plan A and plan B if there are any interruptions in the supply chain. So we, again, have no concerns for the reliability of our supply chain, but we remain vigilant and focused on the situation at hand.
spk02: Thank you, Carter. Next question, please, Grace.
spk10: Thank you. Next up we have Mohit Bansal from Wells Fargo. Your line is open.
spk11: Great. Thanks for taking my question, and congrats on the quarter. So one question we are getting a lot is, How do you feel about potential challenge from a competitor for PD-L1 and TIGIT combo, potentially looking better than Keturah and first-line PD-L1 high lung cancer? Do you see this as a major threat, especially looking at the Phase II data from that competitor, TIGIT? Thank you.
spk06: Hi. Thank you for that question. So, you know, I just want to emphasize the question focuses on the addition of another checkpoint inhibitor PIDGET on top of a PD-1, and this is a strategy to sort of deepen the response of PD-1s and PD-L1s. I think it will be very important to see that data and look at the contribution of components. And really, we have a PIDGET program, but we're also advancing a non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. So the field will have to sort of see as the data evolves, how much does PIDGET add to PD-1 in the lung space? But I do want to make a broader sort of comment, which is you'll see movement in TIGIC. There was recently movement in PD-1s and CTLA-4 and PD-1s and LAG-3. What you recognize is each of those combinations, what they do is if you're able to show a benefit of the additional agent, it doesn't have as broad of an impact. as P1 has in many different tumors. And so one of the things that I think is important to highlight is our strategy is not to just be invested in LAG3, not to be just invested in CTLA-4, not to be just invested in PIDGET, but to be invested in all three and to focus them in specific tumor types. Great. Thank you, Mohit. Next question, please, Grace.
spk10: Thank you. Next up, I have Seamus Fernandez from Guggenheim. Your line is open.
spk04: Oh, great. Thanks for the question. So, just really wanted to focus in on cetatercept and the six-minute walk test as the primary endpoint. If you guys could just help us understand what is being done in the clinical trial to really manage closely the risk that sort of a subjective endpoint represents, or is your confidence that the, you know, magnitude of the difference that you saw in the phase two will comfortably cover the challenges of the six-minute walk test that we've seen in some other studies, given some placebo responses that raise levels of concern. So just love to get your thoughts there. Thanks so much.
spk06: Yeah, so thank you so much for that question in relationship to the Tata step. So, you know, just to reemphasize, we have three different trials, all driving towards somewhat different outcomes. The six-minute walk, which is the STELR trial, there's also time for clinical worsening, and then there's also even harder outcomes past that. And as you point out, each one of those is sort of ratcheting up what Cetatricep can do. In relationship to the first one, which is STELR, which is related to what you said, the six-minute walk test, we saw actually quite impressive data in relationship to the phase two We have very committed patient groups as well as sites who are very well trained in how to do these trials. And the Phase 2 was really nice data. And the fundamental issue is that we are confident that many of those same sites that were involved with the Phase 2 are involved with the Phase 3. So I think we're confident. We'll see what that data is. But the best predictor of how well we can manage those trials is really the best indicator is the phase two. And we're using very many of the same sites and the investigators, so we have great confidence in them. Great. Thank you, Shane. Next question, please, Grace.
spk10: Thank you. Next, we have Chris Schott from J.P. Morgan.
spk03: Great. Thanks so much for the question. Maybe just a two-parter around kind of corporate structure. I guess first, Business development landscape, I know you talk about this as a priority. I guess it's been another kind of quarter of week equity market performance on the biotech side. So I guess, are you seeing any change in willingness on the part of some of the targets to engage or any resets and valuations that could enable some of these business development kind of activities to move forward? And then, Rob, just a kind of a tangential question on that is, you know, broadly across the pharma group, I think we've been seeing asset divestitures of nontraditional pharma businesses. I know you've viewed animal health as more core to the company, but have your thoughts evolved at all, I guess, as your time as CEO and when you look at your implied kind of core pharma valuation given where some of the animal health multiples trade? So to any incremental perspective there, it would be appreciated. Thanks.
spk16: Chris, thanks for the question. On the BD landscape question, the short answer is we are not seeing a fundamental shift in seller expectations as of this point. I think as time continues, if we see the market reset to become more permanent, and more importantly, if the IPO market continues to be challenged for biotech companies that might change over time as companies become more cash constrained. There are some smaller players that do have cash challenges. So I think that's where you could see the movement first. But fundamentally, we've not seen the change in the landscape yet. We'll have to continue to watch. With regards to the animal health business, our view continues to be that the animal health business, as you said, is core to the company. It's core to our strategy as part of a growth driver for the company. But as we've always said, we look at this regularly. We always are challenging ourselves to ask what is the long-term value creation opportunity of this business in our hands relative to what would it be outside of the company. And on a long-term view, we continue to believe it is best in our hands as part of the company. But if that situation evolves, we obviously will continue to be objective in how we analyze that, but we do not look at the short-term arbitrage opportunity. For us, it's more about the long-term value creation, and that has not changed as of now.
spk02: Thanks, Chris. Next question, please, Grace.
spk10: Thank you. Next up, we have Chris Shibutani from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.
spk15: Thank you. Good morning. If I could ask questions on Keytruda, the strength, particularly out of the U.S. this quarter. If you could help us with some of the underpinnings there. And relatedly, longer term, 2025, I think you framed how Keytruda, your objective is to have, I guess the wording changed slightly. You were previously looking for 30% coming from adjuvant with your focus framed around the U.S. If I'm reading it correctly, you brought in the framework here to now think about it as 25% on a global basis. maybe update us on where you feel you are in terms of making progress towards achieving those objectives of the adjuvant revenue contribution. Thank you.
spk16: Yeah. So, Chris, this is Rob. Maybe I'll take the first part of the question, then Caroline can jump in for the second part. You know, on the strength of the growth we're seeing in the United States, this is really a testament to what we've been talking about all along, which is as we continue to roll out new indications, We are continuing to see our share grow as the leading IO agent. Importantly, I would highlight that the growth we saw among other things in the quarter, continuation of our position in renal cell carcinoma, continuation of the growth we're seeing in head and neck, in RCC obviously being a first-line treatment in the metastatic setting as well as not having adjuvant therapy as well. We've covered pretty much the waterfront of RCC, and we have the opportunity to continue to grow there. But the standout, frankly, for the quarter, and it's, I think, really important to understand, is triple negative breast cancer, both in the metastatic setting and in the adjuvant setting. We are seeing incredible growth in that space. and it's something that we feel very proud of because I think we're going to have a meaningful difference there. The reason I highlight that is both if you look at the adjuvant opportunity there and the growth we're getting, as well as I mentioned in adjuvant RCC, I think it just reinforces what we see as the future, which is the growth contribution from the earlier lines of therapy long-term. But with that, maybe Caroline can be specific to some of the guidance we've provided today.
spk09: So to Rob's point, we are extremely excited about the opportunities we have for Adjuvant and the impact that that has on patients. We initially shared that we expected 50% of our growth to come from Adjuvant, representing 30% of the US business. We have now extended that to say 50% of the growth will come from Adjuvant, representing 25% of our global business in the year 2025. And to Rob's point, our early introductions into the earliest stage cancers, with five indications now in Keytruda, are putting us on a very good course to have this impact.
spk02: Great. Thank you, Chris. Next question, please, Grace.
spk10: Thank you. Next, we have Umar Afad from Evercore Eyes Eye. Your line is open.
spk13: Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe let me touch up on Molnup here real quick. I think the total utilization to date is about 200,000 courses through mid-April. And it looks like, at least based on third-party data sets, that the Pfizer regimen is getting used 8 to 10x more than Molnupiravir. So I guess my question is, if only a couple hundred thousand courses have been used through mid-April and 3.1 million courses were contracted to U.S., is there any recourse for U.S. to return a chunk of these courses back? And I'm asking because some of these sales have been recorded in P&L. I just want to make sure they're permanent sales.
spk16: Yeah, I'll let Caroline maybe address this.
spk09: So, Uma, thanks for the question. First, let me start with proud of Monupiravir, Ligevria, and the impact that it can have on the world. And it has impacts to the comments that Dean made, given its importance, especially in patients that have drug-to-drug interactions. The data that we have access to suggests that we have actually had utilization by 500,000 patients globally at this stage. We have shipped 6.4 million courses as of now. those shipments represent expectations for utilization over a period of time. And we're actually seeing extremely strong utilization, especially in ex-US markets, where the statistics you quote are actually reversed in some of the markets. We have a very strong market share. So as we sit here today, we've guided on the $5 to $5.5 billion based on the contracts that we have in hand, and we are confident in that in our financials.
spk02: Great. Thank you, Umer. Next question, please.
spk10: Thank you. Next, we have Dana Graybosh from SVP Lyric. Your line is open.
spk08: Hi. Thank you for the question. I have another one on Keytruda and early stage. Can you please talk to how the success of Opdivo plus chemotherapy and neoadjuvant lung cancer changes your expectations or strategy for the early stage opportunities in lung cancer and in any other tumors?
spk06: Thank you very much for that question. In relationship to sort of just earlier stage in lung cancer, I think it's really important to emphasize there's a series of different ways to approach it. One is neoadjuvant, adjuvant. One is adjuvant. And I just think all of these signals just demonstrate throughout a variety of different studies just the impact that PD-1s can have. So our point of view of it is it shouldn't change our strategy, it should just make our strategy pretty comprehensive. The fundamental thing is we have Keynote 91, which is in the adjuvant, so that's post-surgery, and that's usually given by a medical oncologist, you know, that disease-free survival was positive in all comers, regardless of PD-L1. There was a trend to TPS greater than 50%, but not statistically significant. And OS, it was a favorable trend regardless of PD-L1. So we'll be letting that data mature as we continue to discuss with the FDA. But going to your point, it's not just Keynote 91, it's Keynote 671, it's Keynote 867, it's KeyLink 12. It's all in the earlier stage. So our desire to really push that earlier stage is going to be, if anything, our commitment towards that is even greater. The one thing I would just add in relationship to some of the comments that Caroline and Rob made is that I think it's very important to think about melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer, where at least my experience being in the hospital, there's a concept of really looking at that earlier stage. I think uptake may be sort of built in the medical system. I think all of us, including us and other companies, as well as physician advocacy and medical centers, are going to have to require diligent investment to really, really maximize the important scientific impacts of Keytruda and PD-1s and PD-L1s in the early lung space. Great. Thank you, Dana. Next question, please, Grace.
spk10: Thank you. Next, we have Andrew Baum from Citi. Your line is open.
spk05: Thank you. I'd just like to thank Roy for all the contributions and insights over the years. The question is on your factor 11 monoclonal. Given your background in cardiology, and I'm sure familiarity with hemostasis, there's clearly been a number of indications where the DOACs were unsuccessful compared to warfarin for both efficacy and safety, potentially speaking to different underlying mechanisms. for thrombosis and the different indications i'm thinking about isis i'm thinking about mechanical heart valves given what you know about factor 11 biology and the intrinsic pathway nature of the inhibition what indications would you actively avoid or be somewhat cautious about taking a factor 11 inhibitor into be it yours or someone else's
spk06: Yeah, so let me just step back for just a moment. The benefit-risk of whether it's platelet or coagulation factors in terms of clotting is something that's actually very topical in the news. I would just emphasize, you know, for years, for probably a decade or more, you know, aspirin has been just everywhere. And recently people realized the benefit-risk, one has to be very careful. You know, there has been a major change in the guidelines. So that impacts how I think about it. The other sort of thing that I impact is if you look at factor XI, the fundamental advantage of that is that you can get blockage of the coagulation cascade with, by genetics, very little impact in relationship to adverse effects. And so for me, the critical thing is to prove that as quickly as possible. So we immediately go, where is the problem where thrombosis and bleeding is both impacted there? And so that's why we ran to end stage renal disease. But I could see in the future mechanical devices. One of my favorite sort of things is left ventricular assist device. I think those will continue to need to be monitored in the future. So that's a place where the risk of bleeding and the risk of thrombosis is really high. Where we have chosen to be a little bit careful is, for example, broader sort of things such as atrial fibrillation and the risk relationship to stroke because we look at the factor X as very effective. There are bleeding complications, but, you know, to make a safety argument for it, you're talking about a very, very large trough. So we are racing to places where the benefit risk of thrombosis and clotting and bleeding, where that differential would make something like a factor XI have the biggest impact. Thank you, Andrew. Next question, please.
spk10: Thank you. Next, we have Louise Chen from Cancer. Your line is open.
spk01: Hi. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to ask you about your pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and how you think your more targeted approach will be a competitive advantage versus the one-size-fits-all that we're seeing now. And is there any precedence to what you're doing with V116 and 117? And maybe just lastly, how will you make that message clear to physicians since if everything goes as planned, you'll have several PCVs on the market. Thank you.
spk06: Yeah. First of all, we need to get the data to demonstrate that we have an advantage in the different patient populations. But I think you point out a really important point, which is essentially what we're trying to do is, for lack of a better word, we're, you know, you want to call it precision-targeted vaccination, right? So the fundamental thing is B.1.1.4 is adult-approved. and we're driving towards a pediatric approval for the 15 valent. And so that will be in the pediatric population. In the V116, where we have a breakthrough designation, we're trying to demonstrate that we can target 85% of the residual serotypes. And I would just sit there and say it would be eight unique serotypes in relationship to all the different currently approved ones. And I think that patient population, you know, I reflect a little bit about COVID, but it's that older population that especially has risk factors who you really want to make sure that that whole population, that adult population is covered. And so I do think the fundamental thing is we'll have to have the data, but our concept is the adults have a different set of serotypes and they need to be protected. And we'll have to get the data to demonstrate that. But I think if we can demonstrate it, the uptake will be quite good. Thank you, Luis. Next question, please.
spk10: Thank you. Next, we have Myra Goldstein from Mizuho. Your line is open.
spk07: Thanks for taking the question. I'm just hoping maybe we can return for a second back to the question of novel targets. in combination with Keytruda, and maybe if you could just give us a very high-level, perhaps, rationale for which targets you're looking at and which indications, and I'm referring here, obviously, to things like TIGIT, LAG3, ILT3, and the like.
spk06: All right, so let me just sort of separate. So we always talk about expand, deepen, and extend, and when we talk about deepen, we're trying to get a deeper response with PD-1s, and there are There's a series of things that we do with what I call non-IO agents, which is chemotherapy. We're doing stuff with many other people as well as ourselves with ADCs. There are RAS programs that are advancing. So we think that that sort of combination, there's large precedence throughout our portfolio already, and there will continue to be. And that's also true with lymphedema and lympharsia. The specific question I think you're driving to is combinations of IO with IO agents.
spk07: Yeah.
spk06: And LAC3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT. So at least in our minds, we do recognize that, you know, there was demonstration of LAC3 adding to PD-1 in melanoma, and I think that's an important signal for us. Where we focused our efforts with LAC3 is in MFS-CRC. So we know that PD-1s work in MSI-high, and no one's really been able to crack MFS, CRC, so that's very important, and also in classic Hodgkin. I would say in relationship to CTLA-4, there was recent data with HCC. I would make a comment that I think would make some of the people from Merck smile a little bit. You know, we were the ones who actually did the study with PD-1 and CTLA-4 in relationship to lungs. and we could not show a clear contribution of component of CTLA-4 over PD-1. So that is not a place that we think is an important place for patients, and that is not a place that we're going because we did the study to demonstrate that. Where we think there could be is clearly other people have recently released HDC. We're focused in, for example, in renal cell carcinoma. And then PD-1 antigens, Our initial focus is in non-small cell lung cancer and also small cell lung cancer. And we're advancing a series of trials in that. So I hope that gave a comprehensive view of LAB3, CTLA4, and TIGIT in relationship to ILT4, other checkpoint inhibitors such as CD27, or in relationship to cytokines. I think the data that we're doing in earlier stages will have to play out for us to be able to answer that more completely. Great. Thank you, Mara.
spk02: I think we have time for one more question, then Rob will have a few closing comments.
spk10: Thank you. Last question comes from the line of Colin Bristow from UBS. Your line is open.
spk12: Hey, good morning. Congrats on the quarter. And also wanted to say all the best to Roy. It's been really great working with you. And also congrats to Elliot. So I just wanted to piggyback on a Gardasil question. Could you maybe just give us a little more detail on how you expect the Gardasil supply to increase? And then maybe just help us think through, what is the supply-demand mismatch right now? Some of your prior comments suggested that there may not be such, but I know you said supply has been an issue over the past couple of years. So we'd love to get some expanded thoughts there. Thanks.
spk09: Thank you for the question. This is Caroline. So let me start first with the supply demand. There is significant demand for Gardasil. This cancer-preventing vaccine in the HPV area has only reached today 9% of the global eligible population. So there is significant runway ahead of us to protect lives and to drive growth for Merck. Indeed, we've stated that we expect the revenue in the year 2030 to be double the $5.7 billion we achieved in 2021. So we have significant opportunity ahead of us. In order to achieve that opportunity, we are building new facilities that will be coming online from 2023, 4, and 5. So we're going to have a step up in the level of supply to the market that will happen over that period. Specific then to this year, we will see a continuation of the supply into the market as we did in 2021, albeit not quite at the same step up that we achieved in 2021. So we remain really confident in our ability to drive strong growth for Gardasil both in 2022 and the years to come.
spk02: Great. Thank you, Colin. Rob?
spk16: Well, just let me say thank you for your time and your interest today. And I'd just like to conclude by, again, thanking the Merck team globally for their focus and commitment and really in driving the results you've heard about today, but in continuing to ensure we keep the purpose of the company front and center, which is to deliver for patients. Hopefully you get the sense we are very confident in the business momentum we have. And I'd like to say as well, we are feeling better and better about the evolution of of our pipeline, and I think you've heard today, we're starting to expand. We're doing all of the things we need to do. We have more to do, but we're making great progress, and that's why I have such confidence in the sustainability of our business long term. So we look forward to continuing to share these results with you to deliver for the patients that count on us and in turn bring value to the shareholders. So with that, I'd say thank you and have a great day.
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