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Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the National Grid 2019-2020 Full Year Results Call. My name is Felicia, and I'll be coordinating your call today. At the end of this presentation, you will have the opportunity to ask a question, so please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad if you wish to do so. I will now hand over to your host today, Nick Ashworth, to begin. Please go ahead, Nick.

Thank you, Felicia. Good morning and welcome to our full year results presentation. Thank you for joining us remotely. I hope you're all safe and well. Firstly, I would just like to draw your attention to the cautionary statement that you'll find at the front of the presentation. Secondly, after the presentation, as usual, the IR team will be available by phone to help if you have any further questions. So with that, I'd like to hand it over to our CEO, John Pettigrew. John.

Thank you, Nick, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to our full year results call. As usual, I'm joined today by Andy Ag, our CFO. We have plenty of time for the call today, so Andy and I will be able to answer any questions you may have after the presentations. Clearly, everyone's safety and well-being are at the forefront of our minds at this time. Whilst dealing with the disruption that COVID-19 is causing, National Grid's greatest priority has been our people, as well as the safety and well-being of our customers and communities. Before we turn to our results for 19-20, I want to start today's presentation by taking you through how we've been reacting to COVID-19 and how well our business continues to deliver despite this major new challenge. At the end of March, as the crisis unfolded, we successfully implemented our business continuity plans. Although COVID has had a profound impact on demand levels and on the way in which we work, I'm proud to say that we've maintained excellent levels of reliability across our networks and we continue to deliver on our significant capital program. As the crisis evolved, we took action to change working practices quickly and safely. In particular, we've risk assessed all our operational and construction projects, issued new working guidance to our field force, and collaborated across the industry, sharing best practices and finding innovative new ways of working. And despite these changes, we continue to deliver strong operational performance. A great example of this was our team's rapid restoration of power to 142,000 customers following a significant storm in Massachusetts on the 13th of April. We were able to restore power within 29 hours to 95% of impacted customers. Away from the field, our dedicated control room staff have been working tirelessly, sequestered away from their families to ensure they're protected and can maintain our real-time operational systems. So as you can see, we've adapted extremely well to the challenges, and I'm proud of how our employees have responded. Turning now to our customers, our focus has been not only to keep the electricity and gas flowing, but also to help those customers who may be in financial difficulty. In the U.S., recognizing the economic environment, we've not pursued debt collections or disconnecting customers at the present time. And as you're aware, we've also deferred proposed rate increases in New York. We're also helping customers to ascertain whether they're eligible for a discount on their bill, if they qualify for home energy assistance grants, or if we can offer them flexible payment plans. In the UK, we'll continue to work with other network companies and off-gen to help suppliers address financial challenges that COVID has brought, without imposing additional burden on consumers. A good example is the deferral of network charges for eligible suppliers. This will help the most vulnerable suppliers with a regulatory mechanism, which allows us to recover these charges within our financial year. We're also working with Ofgem to see how we can help our customers bear the increased balancing costs associated with managing the system through COVID. In addition, we're supporting our communities. There are many examples from across the business, including financial donations to help the most vulnerable, supports by individual employees in their local communities, and direct actions taken by our businesses. For example, our gas teams in the U.S. upgraded supplies in record time to help turn a college gym into a thousand-bed hospital on Long Island. I won't go into further detail on other examples here, but I can say that National Grid is acting in a responsible way and living our value of doing the right thing. Of course, as well as ensuring the support of our staff, customers, and communities, we also need to manage the financial impact of COVID. Andy will provide more details shortly, but to summarize, we expect to see a £400 million impact on underlying operating profit in 2021, primarily driven by higher costs and lower revenues in the U.S. However, with the regulatory mechanisms and precedents, we expect to recover these over the medium term. And we're also maintaining our focus on efficiency plans. So whilst we see a financial impact in the near term, we currently don't expect to see a significant economic impact on the business longer term. So having provided that context, I'd now like to turn to the strong results we've delivered in the past year. On an underlying basis that is excluding the impact of timing, major storms, and exceptional items, operating profit of 3.5 billion pounds was broadly in line with the prior year. This reflects the expected increase in revenues from new rate cases in the U.S. and lower operating costs as our efficiency programs have started to deliver, but offset by the impact of an additional provision for U.S.-bound debts. Consequently, underlying earnings per share was down slightly by 1% to 58.2 pence. Underpinning this performance was a record year of investment in critical infrastructure, with CapEx up 19% to £5.4 billion. This was driven predominantly by increased spend in our UK electricity transmission business as we progressed major projects like Hinkley. Higher US CapEx, much of it mandated on safety spend, and higher capex and national ventures from continued interconnected investment, as well as the acquisition of Geronimo. This delivered organic asset growth of 9% above our stated target of 5% to 7%. We've achieved a group return on equity of 11.7% in line with the prior year, delivering ongoing sustainable returns for our shareholders. And in accordance with our policy, the Board has proposed a final dividend of 32 pence per share This takes the total dividend for the year to 48.57 pence per share, an increase of 2.6% in line with UK inflation. So as you can see, it's been a strong year for financial performance across the group. As you know, our safety and reliability performance remain the key to our success. On safety, our UK and National Good Ventures businesses have delivered good performance, with their lost time injury frequency rates falling to record low levels. In the U.S., we've seen an increase in the number of safety incidents. However, we've conducted a thorough review of all our working practices, and in the coming year, we'll be implementing programs to further reinforce positive safety behaviors. Turning to reliability, performance has remained excellent across our U.K. and U.S. regulated networks, as well as our interconnectors. As you know, on 9 August, we experienced a rare power outage event in the UK that caused huge disruption to many people. In January, reports into the incident from the Energy Emergencies Executive Committee and Ofgem found no link between NASCA's actions and the power cut. Since the reports were published, we've worked with the industry, Ofgem and BASE, and all the actions proposed are progressing to time. And in the U.S., despite another year with a significant number of storms, we've delivered excellent reliability in line with levels from the prior year. I'll now turn to the progress on our operational priorities last year. Starting with the U.S., I'm delighted that the Board has confirmed that Badar Khan is the new president of our U.S. business. Badar has been with the group for three years and takes over a business that's seen strong operational performance. During the year, we achieved a return on equity of 9.3% and increased the 50 basis points, representing 99% of our allowed return. We achieved strong rate-based growth of 12% from 9.2% last year as we invested over $4 billion in critical infrastructure and as a number of projects under construction were added to the rate base. This investment was mainly driven by mandated spend to maintain the safety and reliability of our networks. An example of this is the 458 miles of leak-prone pipe we replaced across our jurisdictions. This brings the total we've replaced to date to more than 10,500 miles and means we're now halfway through the long-term replacement program. We've also made good progress on the regulatory front. In October, we agreed new rates for Massachusetts Electric with a five-year agreement that gives us long-term visibility for our investment, greater protection against cost pressures, and more incentives to innovate and create value for our customers. And we've made good progress on our cost efficiency program, where we met our target to deliver $30 million of savings this year and remain on course to deliver $50 million in 2021. However, as you're aware, we also experienced some challenges with gas constraints in downstate New York. Addressing this has been a major priority of mine this year. As you know, in November, we agreed to lift the moratorium on all new connections until September 2021. Since then, and in line with the terms of the agreement with the state, we filed a report outlining options for meeting long-term customer demand. This was followed by a series of public and virtual meetings that were attended by over 800 people. From these meetings, feedback was included in a supplemental report that was filed with the regulator. We're continuing to work proactively with New York State, the regulator, and our customers to find a long-term solution and anticipate an outcome this summer. Turning now to the UK, it's been an important year as we head towards the end of Rio T1. Operationally, both our electricity and gas transmission businesses continue to deliver good levels of performance. Let me talk you through a few of the key highlights. During the year, we achieved a return on equity of 12.4% within our target range of 200 to 300 basis points of outperformance. And we continued our capital program with investment of £1.3 billion, which was up 5% in the prior year, giving asset growth of 3.8%. This takes our total investment in Rio 1 to over £11 billion, delivering world-class reliability, enabling the connection of 4.6 gigawatts of renewable energy and generating over 700 million pounds of savings for customers. During the year, we've made progress across a number of our large projects, including completing the feeder 9 tunnel and the Humber, our largest gas project in over a decade, and driving forward the second phase of our London Power Tunnels project. We've also made good progress on our investment at Hinkley, and we welcome Ofgem's decision on allowances and the use of strategic wider works as the delivery model for this project. And of course, we've made significant focus on Rio T2 with draft business plan submitted in December. Our plans cover a crucial period when rapid change is expected in the energy system to reduce carbon emissions and help achieve the UK's environmental goals. In delivering the plans, we've engaged with over 25,000 stakeholders and were the first company to set up the independent stakeholder user groups. And finally, during the year, we remained focused on our efficiency programs and exceeded our savings target of 50 million pounds. This achievement has been driven by cost and process improvements, such as the overhaul of our IT contracts and optimization of control and field teams. Driving cost efficiencies whilst keeping our workforce engaged will be the key to delivering continued benefits to our customers as we move into the Rio T2 period. Moving now to National Grid Ventures and our other businesses. With the DARS appointment in the U.S., in April we announced that John Butterworth would step up to be the new managing director of National Grid Ventures. John has spent many years at National Grid and brings a wealth of experience to the role. And it's been another year of significant progress. Investment was up substantially to 815 million pounds, mainly driven by higher interconnector spend, together with our investment in Geronimo. Progress on our new interconnectors remains on track. On IFA 2, the subsea cable connection has been completed and successfully tested, and commissioning the link is on course for the end of the year. On our North Sea link and Viking interconnectors, we've managed the disruption caused by COVID, and commissioning remains on track. And last year, we completed the acquisition of Geronimo Energy, and have since announced the start of commercial operations of our 200-megawatt wind farm in South Dakota. Finally, it's been another busy year in our property business where we continue to sell sites into the St. William joint venture. And I'm pleased to say that it was also the first year where the joint venture contributed net profit through the sale of homes from customers. So in summary, I'm pleased to report that 19-20 was a strong year for National Grid and good strategic progress was made despite the challenging backdrop at the year end. And I've been incredibly proud to see some of the amazing things our people have done to help our customers and communities get through this COVID crisis. I'll review shortly our priorities for the coming year, but first let me hand over to Andy to discuss our financial performance in more detail.

Thank you, John. And good morning, everybody. I'll start with reviewing our financial performance over the last year before covering the impact of COVID on our business in detail. Overall, the group delivered a strong financial performance last year. As John has mentioned, underlying operating profit was 3.5 billion pounds, mainly reflecting the impact of revenue increases in the U.S. driven by new rate cases. Lower controllable costs across both the U.K. and U.S. businesses. Higher U.K. profit with the non-recurrence of the return of Avermouth revenues in U.K. gas transmission. which together were offset by the expectation of additional COVID-related bad debts, higher levels of U.S. depreciation on increasing levels of capex spend, and the impact of lower profits from the non-recurrence of the Fulham sale and the legal settlements last year. EPS was down 1% at 58.2 pence, reflecting improved regulated business performance, offset by a 2.5 pence impact of the COVID-related bad debt provision, an increase in finance costs increased share count, and a slightly higher effective tax rate. Our robust operational performance was also reflected in the 11.7% group return on equity, and our value added per share was 58.9 pence, down slightly compared to last year. Our asset base grew strongly by 9%, reflecting significantly higher capital investment of 5.4 billion pounds, including over 200 million pounds of investment in Geronimo. The full year dividend of 48.5 pence per share is up 2.6% in line with our policy. Let's look at the performance of each of our segments. UK electricity transmission delivered another year of strong operational performance, achieving a 13.5% return on equity, 330 basis points above the allowed. Totex incentives contributed over 250 basis points from efficiency savings across our asset health programs and high-performing load-related schemes. This outperformance was driven by process improvement and contract management savings. Additional allowances contributed at 70 basis points, slightly above last year. Underlying operating profit of £1.2 billion was up 8%, largely due to lower operating costs and depreciation. The U.K. efficiency program that we launched in FY19 delivered 54 million pounds of savings for the year. Capital investment at 1 billion pounds was 13 percent higher than last year, primarily due to spend on the second phase of the London Power Tunnels project and the Hinkley Sea Bank project. This investment, along with the inflation-linked growth in the RAV, increased year-end regulated asset value by 4.4 percent to 14.1 billion pounds. UK gas transmission delivered a return on equity of 9.8%, 30 basis points higher than last year, but marginally lower than the allowed level. This slight underperformance reflects the high costs of delivering key compressor projects and our new data centres. Other incentive performance at 110 basis points was strong, resulting from improved customer satisfaction and constraint management. Underlying operating profit of £402 million was up £61 million, or 18%, compared to FY19. This is primarily due to the non-recurrence of the return of Avermouth allowances and additional revenue for cybersecurity following the reopen as agreed in 2018. Our UK cost efficiency programme delivered £19 million of savings and, together with the £54 million of electricity transmission savings, we exceeded the total UK target of £50 million announced last year. Capital investment was £249 million, £59 million lower than last year due to lower spend on feeder 9 and our compressor projects. And including inflation, the regulated asset value grew by 2.3% to £6.3 billion. Turning now to our U.S. business, where the return on equity was 9.3%, 99% to be allowed. Underlying operating profit increased 1% to 1.6 billion pounds at constant currency. Net revenues were up 257 million pounds, reflecting rate increases. Controllable costs decreased due to the non-recurrence of last year's Rhode Island gas interruption. We also exceeded our target of $30 million of savings from the first year of our cost efficiency program. Bad debts increased 83 million pounds, reflecting the additional COVID-related provision of 117 million pounds, partly offset by a lower receivables balance. Depreciation increased due to growth in the rate base, and other costs increased largely due to deferable storm costs. We've increased investment in our U.S. networks to 3.2 billion pounds, or $4.2 billion. This, together with a $380 million increase in construction work in progress coming into service, drove strong rate-based growth of 12% to $25.6 billion. Assets outside rate-based were $2.7 billion, and these largely relate to capital work in progress. National Grid Ventures contributed £336 million. This is an increase of 6% on last year, including a full year's operation of NemoLink to Belgium. Grain LNG and interconnected profits were consistent with last year, and metering profits were broadly flat, reflecting a more gradual decline than expected in our legacy meter population, as the mandated smart meter rollout continues. Capital investment increased significantly to £815 million, mainly driven by the acquisition of Geronimo and higher investment in our North Sea Link, Viking, and I-for-2 interconnector projects. Our other activities had a small net charge of 27 million pounds, reflecting the non-recurrence of the Fulham property sale, higher insurance costs, and the non-recurrence of US legal settlements. We sold another two sites into the St. William joint venture, and we've also exchanged on a further four sites, which we'll transfer in due course. Our venture capital business, National Grid Partners, It invested £61 million in FY20 and continues to make investments in innovative technology startups such as Copperleaf and SmartWise. Financing costs increased by 6% to £1 billion, primarily due to high net debt in our US business and hybrid buyback costs partly offset by lower UK RPI. The effective interest rate decreased from 4.3% to 4.1%. The underlying effective tax rate was 19.9%, 30 basis points higher than FY19, primarily as a result of lower value property sales in FY20. Underlying earnings were broadly flat at £2 billion, and underlying earnings per share decreased 1% to 58.2 pence. Operating cash flow was £4.9 billion, £450 million higher than last year. This was driven by higher regulated business income, lower year-end weather-related U.S. receivables, lower U.S. pension costs, and reduced exceptional cash costs. During the year, we raised 2.9 billion pounds of senior debt and refinanced 1.1 billion pounds of our hybrid debt. Closing net debt was 28.6 billion pounds, an underlying increase of 2.7 billion pounds. after allowing for an £800 million adverse movement in exchange rates, the impact of adopting IFRS 16, and receipt of the final CADEM proceeds. Turning to our credit metrics, where Moody's RCF debt ratio was 9.2%, and S&P's FFO to debt metric was at 12.3%. These both reflect higher tax and pension costs and adverse timing, partly offset by lower exceptional cash payments, and in the case of the RTF ratio, a higher script uptake. We've also guided previously for our regulatory gearing levels to remain around 65%. At the year end, this stood at 63%, which remains consistent with the group's credit rating. During the year, we further reduced the level of the balance sheet hedge of our US assets to around 70%. This followed our periodic review of its effectiveness and we now see that the slightly lower hedge range will give a greater stability for our credit metrics. As a result, our US dollar denominated debt balance now stands at $20 billion, compared to $21 billion last year. Group capital investment in FY20 was 5.4 billion pounds. Of this, approximately 4.5 billion pounds relates to our investment in critical infrastructure across our regulated UK and US businesses. with a large proportion focused on meeting mandated safety and reliability targets. A further £500 million was invested in our Interconnector program. With IFA II set to commission this year, we have now passed peak investment for this overall program. Finally, we also invested over £200 million in the acquisition of our large-scale renewable energy business, Geronimo, during the year. Our ongoing funding for the Group Investment Program remains robust, with strong internal cash generation supported by the script dividend, which we continue to utilize given current high levels of investment, as we have said previously. And I'm proud to have used our green financing framework to issue our inaugural green bond in January and for an ECA-backed loan to fund our Viking interconnector. Together with regular bond issuance at attractive rates, this highlights global debt investor confidence in National Grid. Having reviewed last year's performance, I'd like to spend a few minutes walking you through the impact COVID is having on the business. Like all companies, National Grid is not immune to COVID. However, as a regulated utility, for the most part, there are either mechanisms in place or regulatory precedents for recovering additional costs arising from COVID. In addition to regulatory recovery, we're also maintaining our focus on cost efficiency to help offset additional costs wherever we can. Whilst this means that we do not expect a material economic impact on the group in the medium term, we will see an earnings and cash flow impact in the near term. So for FY21, working with our assumption of a gradual easing of lockdown, we currently forecast the impact of COVID on underlying operating profit to be around £400 million. Whilst we'd expect to see some additional costs arising in the UK and a limited impact in our National Grid Ventures business, The majority of the £400 million impact is forecast to come from our U.S. business, driven by three broadly similar impacts. The deferral of rate increases across New York, incremental COVID-related costs, and higher bad debt charges. Taking these in turn. Firstly, we currently expect rates to be held broadly flat across our New York businesses this year, as we've deferred rate increases in our Niagara Mohawk business. and with rates held flat in our Kedney and Kedley businesses as we discuss a new rate agreement. As is normal, we'll work with our regulators to agree the appropriate frameworks for recovery. Secondly, we're also seeing higher levels of COVID-related costs, such as sequestering critical staff on site, increased IT costs, as well as higher OPEX from lower capitalization of our own workforce costs, given changes to our capital programs. Again, we're working with our regulators on ways of recovering these incremental costs. With a weaker economic backdrop, we're likely to see levels of bad debt increase. As you'll have seen this morning, for FY20, we've taken an initial £117 million provision for bad debts over and above our normal run rate against our receivables balance as at year-end. Looking forward to FY21, we'd again expect to see a similar elevated level of bad debt expense, although the final bad debt level will ultimately depend on how each of the states we operate in exits the COVID crisis. As is usual practice, we would anticipate recovering bad debts above our regulatory allowances through future rate plans. Turning to cash flow, overall, we currently estimate the impact of COVID to be up to 1 billion pounds. This will ultimately depend on levels of demand across our networks, cash collection from our U.S. customers, and timing of collections of network charges and system costs in the UK. This will therefore also have an impact on net debt. Taking into account these assumed cash flow impacts of COVID and excluding the impact of foreign exchange, net debt is expected to increase from 28.6 billion pounds to around 31.5 billion pounds. Together, these headwinds will impact our credit metrics in the near term, but we expect this impact to unwind as we recover these costs through our regulatory mechanisms. With this context in mind, I'd like to discuss our outlook for FY21. In the US, we expect to see net revenue increases more than offset by bad debts and higher COVID-related costs, as described previously. We forecast depreciation to be around £100 million higher, given higher levels of investment in rate base. In the UK, additional COVID-related costs will lead to a small year-on-year reduction in underlying operating profit expectations for electricity transmission. In gas transmission, with limited COVID costs, we still expect to see an increase in underlying operating profits. National Grid Ventures operating profits are expected to decrease by around 5% year-on-year, which is lower interconnector arbitrage, and the contribution from our other activities will also be lower due to lower property profits. Our profits from St. William are also expected to decrease, given macroeconomic headwinds for our joint venture property sales. Our interest charge is expected to be a little below FY20, reflecting lower RPI and lower interest rates. We expect a tax rate of around 22%. Overall, group capital investment is expected to be around £5 billion, leading to asset growth within our 5% to 7% target range. Whilst COVID will bring near-term earnings and cash flow headwinds, the underlying operations of the company remain strong. This has enabled the board to confirm the dividend policy. And as previously announced, due to the current levels of investment, we do not expect to buy back the script issued during FY21. To summarize, we've delivered a strong returns performance in FY20. We've delivered a record 5.4 billion pounds of investment in critical infrastructure, The balance sheet remains robust, enabling the funding of attractive asset growth in the medium term. And whilst COVID will have a near-term financial impact, we expect the majority of these additional costs to be recoverable, limiting the longer-term economic impact on the group. Now, John will take you through the priorities and outlook for the coming year.

Thank you, Andy. So let me now turn to our longer-term objectives and priorities for the year ahead. National Grid has a critical role to play in enabling the energy transition. This is why our vision is to be at the heart of a clean, fair, and affordable energy future. Supporting that vision, our four strategic priorities are to enable the energy transition for all, to deliver for our customers efficiently, to grow our organizational capabilities, and to empower our people for great performance. And these strategic priorities will underpin where we focus this year. In the U.S., we have two focus areas. To ensure we have the right rate plans in place for a post-COVID world and the efficient delivery of our significant investment program. In the U.K., our two focus areas will be to agree the Rio T2 regulatory framework and to drive innovation and efficiencies for our customers. And in our national good ventures business, we'll continue to focus on our interconnected program and delivering our Geronimo investment pipeline. Let me talk you through each of these in more detail before I come back to our clean energy ambitions. I'll start with our U.S. rate plans. Whilst the long-term investment requirements across our jurisdictions have not changed, the current backdrop means we'll have to adjust our short-term priorities. As India sets out, we'll see revenue and cost impacts from COVID in the near term. This means that our immediate focus will be on working with our regulators to agree the appropriate rate plans for the medium term and to achieve the timely recovery of increased costs. These must recognize both the need for critical infrastructure investment and the economic environment that we're likely to be operating within. So with that context in mind, let me now take you through our ratifying plans for the rest of the year. Let me start with our downstate New York gas businesses, Kedney and Kedley, where we filed for new rates in April 2019. At the beginning of this month, we resumed supplement negotiations with the PSC in the interest of agreeing a multi-year rate plan that would achieve four things. To mitigate bill impacts for our customers, allow us to maintain safe and reliable service, advance our clean energy goals, and earn a reasonable return. Whether we agree a one-year or a multi-year deal this summer, we expect rates to remain flat for our customers this year. And at the same time in Dunstown, New York, as I mentioned earlier, we'll continue to work on delivering the solutions required to address gas supply constraints. In our upstate business, Niagara-Mohawk, we were due to file for new rates this spring for the period starting April 2021. However, we've delayed the filing and are exploring options, including an extension of the current rate plan or rate case filing later this summer. With regards to Massachusetts gas, our current intention is to file towards the end of the year. As with previous filings, our aim will be to ensure that rates are increasingly forward-looking, incentive-based, and multi-year. This will give us good visibility on the funding of our investment plan and allow for annual inflationary cost increases offset by efficiency savings. Our second area of focus is efficient investment. The vast majority of our work is needed to improve the safety, reliability, and resilience of our networks. Our top priority will be delivering this work efficiently, and this is particularly true in the context of COVID. This includes finding new streamlined processes and digital solutions. For example, in our gas business, we're rolling out our gas business enablement program, which will help firstly to standardize and simplify our operational processes, secondly to consolidate our support tools onto a modern digital platform, and finally to enable the efficient scheduling and optimization of our field force. And on digitization, we've recently launched a new system that automates our dispatch processes for our electricity distribution workforce. These examples, together with others, will help us deliver investment plans efficiently whilst minimizing bill impacts for customers. Turning to the UK, I'll start with regulation. As you know, at the end of the last calendar year, we submitted our final business plans for electricity and gas businesses that reflected the wealth of stakeholder engagement we've undertaken. Simply put, we're proposing investments to maintain reliable and resilient networks that can support a changing energy system whilst keeping bills as low as possible. In the past few months, we've been engaged constructively with Ofgem to address the points raised by the challenge group, which were then published in January. I was pleased that our greater level of stakeholder engagement was recognized by the challenge group, but I also recognized that we've got work to do to provide more evidence around our acid health investment plans. The next key milestones in the process will be Ofgem's draft determination, expected in early July, and final determination, which is expected at the end of this calendar year. As we progress through the year, we'll continue to work constructively with Ofgem to agree a framework that puts customers at the center of the price control, enables the energy networks of the future, and provides a financial package that allows a fair return for our investors. On delivering innovation and efficiency for our customers, we're on track to meet our cost reduction target of £100 million for 2021. This year, our efficiency focus will be on three key areas. streamlining our maintenance operating procedures, further digital innovations to increase the productivity of our field force, and making step-change improvements in our back office processes. And we're innovating for our customers. As an example, we've recently launched and are continuing to develop two new digital platforms. These will help customers connect to our network more efficiently by giving them access to the right data, standardizing connection design, and providing a smoother, easier customer journey. Not only will this help customers with reduced connection costs, but it will also reduce the time it takes to connect to our network. We recognize that more efficient outcomes and improved customer relationships will be critical as we head into the new price control period. Finally, on National Grid Ventures, the major focus will be the continued investment in the three new interconnectors, North Sea Link, I42, and Viking. So by the end of this year, we'll have completed IFA II, be 85% through our construction program on North Sea Link, and be one-third of the way through delivering Viking. With investment of just over £1 billion to date, we have around £1 billion left to invest through to 2023. And when all online, we expect these interconnectors, together with NEMO, to contribute £250 million of EBITDA from the mid-2020s. With regards to our U.S. renewable business, it has been a successful first year after our acquisition of Geronimo Energy. And looking forward, our pipeline of future investment opportunities continues to strengthen. In recent months, we signed power purchase agreements that will underpin nearly 500 megawatts of solar projects. Spanning across South Dakota, Illinois, and Kentucky, these projects will commence operations between 2021 and 2023, and we expect further announcements like these in the months ahead. I'll now return to our clean energy ambition, which sits at the heart of our vision for National Grid. Whilst, like all companies, we're working through the impacts of COVID, we need to ensure we keep one eye on the future. Which is why today we're strengthening the commitment we made in November to reach net zero for our own emissions by 2050, by setting ourselves a more ambitious interim target. That target is to achieve 80% carbon reduction on our 1990 baseline by 2030, and 90% reduction by 2040. In the UK, in our Rio T2 business plans, we've committed to replace over 50% of our internal fleet with alternative fuel vehicles by 2026. And we're continuing to lead in developing alternatives to the insulating gas, SF6, so that from 2026, we'll no longer install any new equipment that uses this greenhouse gas. And in the U.S., we've also made commitments to decarbonize our internal fleet, and we continue to reduce emissions by replacing leak-prone pipes. I'm also pleased to announce that we'll be hosting an investor event in October on our environmental, social, and governance objectives. The event will take place on the afternoon of the 5th of October in London, most likely by videoconference, which will enable those in the U.S. to attend at the same time. The event will allow us to talk in more detail about how we'll achieve our own targets, but also, perhaps most importantly, how we're playing a key role in enabling the wider transition to a low-carbon future. To give you just two examples, on power in the UK, we're working to enable government's target of 40 gigawatts of offshore wind by 2030. We recently took part in BASE's first coordination stakeholder meeting, looking at the potential East Coast connections needed to unlock the increased offshore capacity. Given our capabilities and understanding complex transmission networks, both onshore and offshore, we believe we're well-placed to be part of this infrastructure build-out, and our engineers are working hard in developing options and proposals. And on transport in the U.S., we're working across all our jurisdictions to deliver a number of initiatives around EVs. These will include customized support for fleet operators, educational programs that provide customers with information to alleviate their concerns, as well as a number of pilot projects, such as municipal partnerships to deploy electric school buses. We'll be following up from these initiatives with more substantive filings across all our jurisdictions. For example, next year, we'll propose comprehensive filings in New York and Massachusetts to include funding for over 30,000 new charging ports as well as targeted residential fleet and transit programs. These are just two examples of the many ways that we're working to drive forward the energy transition, and I look forward to sharing our progress with you in more detail in October. So in summary, National Grid has had a strong year, and I'm pleased with the progress that we've made across all our businesses. We've managed the challenges that COVID has brought and helped our most vulnerable customers whilst maintaining network reliability. We'll see higher costs in the near term due to COVID, but given our regulatory mechanisms, we currently don't expect to see significant economic impact in the longer term. In the coming year, we'll continue to focus on our up-and-coming regulatory negotiations in both the US and the UK, and our interconnected delivery in national grid ventures whilst looking to advance the energy transition. We expect another strong year of capital deployment, investing around £5 billion in critical infrastructure, which will help to continue to grow our asset base within our five to seven target range. I believe our disciplined approach, coupled with our focus on delivering efficiently for our customers, will enable us to continue to create long-term value for our shareholders. So thank you for listening, ladies and gentlemen. Andy and I will be happy to take any questions you may have.

Ladies and gentlemen, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad to ask any questions. The first question comes from Martin Young from Investec. Please go ahead, Martin. Your line is open.

Thank you. Good morning to everybody. Just a few quick questions, hopefully. The first one relates to the ESO. Obviously, they've done an absolutely fantastic job adjusting to the current demand and supply balance that we have in the country at the moment. That's got a considerably higher proportion of non-programmable renewables in the mix. And you could argue that we are currently in a sort of generation mix situation that we didn't expect for a number of years. Now, given what you've learned from that, do you think the ESO should be more vociferous around what the longer-term generation mix in this country should be? And if so, should we be thinking about moving away from new nuclear buildings and making sure that we have more responsive generation that can provide flexibility and inertia services in that mix. The second question relates to the £1 billion cash flow impact from COVID-19. Obviously, we've got the £400 million underlying operating income tax you've talked about. I guess there's probably about £100 million or so on volume timing differences in the U.K., Is the balance coming from the possibility of deferring tenuos and besuos charges beyond the year end? And then my third question, you've alluded to the fact that there's a regulatory precedent in terms of recovering these costs. That's a lot different from actually getting it over the line. What's your sort of best estimate on recovery in the U.S.? ? of the cost and revenue impact that you are undoubtedly going to experience in FY21. Thank you.

Okay, thank you, Martin. Why don't I take the first, I'll ask Andy to do the second, and then I'll do the third. So in terms of electricity system operator, I mean, you're absolutely right. It's been a unique set of circumstances this summer. We've seen demand levels at 17% to 20% below what you typically expect during the summer, and as a result of that, the system operators had to take significant action to be able to balance the network. I have to say, you know, we're incredibly proud of the way that they've responded to that. They've developed new tools, which you would have seen, including a contract with Sizeworld B, but also developed new contracts for downward flexibility with about 3.5 gigawatts of providers who typically wouldn't be providing those services to the electricity system operator. In terms of your forward-looking part of the question, you would have seen hopefully recently the system operators set out an ambition to be able to operate the system on the basis of zero carbon generation by 2025. So we've seen some of the challenges that will give rise to during this COVID crisis, but actually we have a very clear plan in place to be able to be in a position to do that by 2025. So ultimately, we feel very comfortable that we can develop those tools. Whatever the makeup is, I think, you know, fundamentally there are capacity auctions that run on a regular basis that are facilitated by the government. And who bids into those capacity auctions is obviously a matter for the market. From our perspective, we need to ensure that we have the tools to be able to balance the system, you know, minute by minute, second by second. And we're comfortable we have them today and we're comfortable we can develop them going forward for 2025. I'll ask Andy just to pick up on the second question around the cash infection. Thanks, John.

So, Martin, as you said at the start, if you stand back a moment, so within the 400, you've got the three broad buckets in the U.S. that I described in my presentation, and obviously we do see a smaller impact in the U.K. within that as well. So that is then part of, as we build up towards the billion and, you know, being clear we've guided up to a billion. And I think that reflects that there is some uncertainty ultimately in what makeup of that. I think you touched on some of the key elements. So, yes, so we see, you know, demand impacts on both sides of the Atlantic. So flowing through our normal timing mechanisms, as you know, if we under-collect allowed revenues in any period, That feeds straight through into the normal mechanisms and gets collected again one to two years out. There's also elements of while we've recorded the bad debt expense within the 400, the underlying cash impacts and working capital impacts of the delays in collecting those U.S. receivables and estimated what will still be on the balance sheet as of 31st of March, 21. So there's a bigger cash impact of the billion, even though the bad debt impact is included within the 400s. And then finally, as you said, there's remained some uncertainty about the final sort of industry support schemes that you referenced in the UK around both network charges to also the balancing costs as well, where we're very much still waiting for Ofgem's final conclusion on that consultation. So those are absolutely the elements that build up towards the billion.

And so is your final question, Martin. You know, historically, there have been circumstances in the past where there have been issues around higher bad debts against the allowances that have been allowed through rate filings and other costs as well. And typically, there are processes in place for either recovering those costs directly or recovering them through our rate filings. So each of the states in the last few weeks has already raised an order to understand what those costs are associated with COVID. and that will be an ongoing discussion about how exactly they will be recovered going forward. Some of them will be through the rate filings, and the timing of that will then be influenced by when we're due to do another rate filing, and the recovery of those costs will also be influenced by the duration of any rate agreement that we have with each of the individual states. But there is plenty of precedent and mechanisms in place which give us the confidence to articulate why we think it's a short-term impact and not a long-term economic impact for National Grid. Thank you. Should we, I've just got a list in front of me, should we take Rob from Morgan Stanley next?

Rob, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Thank you, gentlemen. I think Martin beat me to the first two questions there, so I will ask a couple of different ones. The first one is, do you have any views on the future U.S. storm risk? Do you see it increasing? and therefore do you expect there will be a change in mechanisms for recovery as this becomes sort of more regular and more dramatic? The second question, if I may, is just on the script buyback. I notice obviously you mentioned that you won't be buying back any script dilution this year. Can we assume that that will resume the year after, or is this sort of ongoing situation that you won't be buying it back? Thank you very much.

Okay, thanks, Rob. Let me do the first, and I'll ask Andy to do the second. So in terms of storm cost recovery, I mean, we have different mechanisms in different states. Quite a few of our regulatory rate cases allow for the recovery of some costs on an ongoing basis, and then quite often there's a logging up mechanism for any excess costs. It is something that we discuss with the regulators on a regular basis when we do rate filings, and I do anticipate it will form part of that discussion going forward to make sure we've got the right allowances up front, but then we've got the right recovery mechanisms going forward. So as we've seen more storms over recent years, it is part of the discussion that we have with each of our regulators. But again, the economics of it are pretty straightforward, is we either get upfront recovery or we're able to log it up and then get recovery as part of a future rate filing. Andy.

Yeah, so, and, Rob, just on the script point, you may remember that a year ago we guided to not looking to buy back the script, so FY20 and FY21. So we've reaffirmed that message for the remainder of FY21. We haven't guided beyond that, and, you know, we'll continue to look at that as part of our normal annual review, and that will depend on, as we've always said, you know, the levels of growth, the levels of performance across the business, and we'll guide further at that point.

Marvelous. Thank you very much. And if I can just ask one quick extra one just on the RAB growth, obviously noting the step down year over year, but still a very impressive rate. Could you just maybe talk about the visibility on the U.S. side to this RAB growth? You know, is there, you know, sort of very simply, is it a capital constraint issue or an opportunity constraint? It seems like it's a high quality problem to have, but just seeing sort of how long this RAB growth in the U.S. you think could continue. Thank you.

Yeah, thanks, Rob. I mean, you know, over the last few years, what we've been, you know, focused on doing is making sure that we've got rate cases in place that support the capital investment. The three drivers of the capital investment fundamentally are on the electricity side, it is all around resilience and asset health. On the gas side, it's predominantly around safety with our leak-prone pipe program. And, of course, there is incremental investment needed as we move into the energy transition with decarbonization and supporting that. Those fundamentals aren't changing, and therefore it is driving the CapEx that you've seen over the last few years and the rate-based growth with it. We're expecting in the coming year to see similar levels of CapEx that we've seen this year in the U.S. It might be slightly off, and that's because we are seeing some impact on COVID, particularly with the interface of our customers, where you can't get access, obviously, with social separation. But fundamentally, we're expecting, I think we're at 3.2 billion this year for CapEx for the U.S. It's going to be of similar order of magnitude next year. But the fundamentals aren't changing, so we continue to expect to see strong growth going forward. Excellent. Thank you. I will turn it over. Thank you. I can see John Musk has got a question. Should we go to John?

John, your line is up.

Sorry. Thank you, everyone. Probably three questions from me as well, actually. I just want to come back to the 400 million and the timing of the recovery. Probably an impossible question, but how quickly would you expect to see that coming back? Are we talking one, two, three, four years? Roughly what sort of timeframe should we think about for those three buckets? Secondly, on the balance sheet with the guidance on the 31.5 billion, With the lower earnings and lower cash flow, as you indicated, that's going to put further pressure on the credit metrics. I haven't done the sums, but I assume you may well drop below the 9% threshold on the RCF to net debt. How much of a worry is that for you, particularly as we're coming into a Rio 2 reset, which could also see a further fall in cash flows? And then finally, slightly separate, on the legacy gas meters, can you just remind me how many meters you still manage there and how long you expect that tail to continue to be delivering a sizable EBIT number?

Okay, thanks, John. I'll do the first and the third, and I'll hand over to Andy to do the second on the balance sheet. So in terms of the timing recovery, I think it's fair to say it is a difficult question to answer at this point because it will be unique to each state and potentially unique to what the timing of the rate filings are. So what we have seen, as I said, is we've seen each of our states put an order out to make sure that they can capture what those costs are. So that is the start of the dialogue that we will have with the regulators. But then ultimately, it could be a separate mechanism for recovery or it could be part of the rate filings. So it is likely to be different in each state, and it may be a year or two or a bit longer if we've got a long outstanding rate filing rate case. So it is a difficult one to answer. As I said, what we do have is those precedents and those mechanisms to be able to have those discussions with the regulator. In terms of legacy gas meters, we have 8.9 million meters at the current time at the end of the last fiscal year. In terms of the rollout, as you're aware, the most recent announcement in terms of the rollout of smart meters was that 85% of all customers should have a smart meter by 2024. So we're expecting that the sort of displacement of our meters will be over that time period, which is a much longer period than, of course, originally anticipated when I think the original target was 2020. Andy.

Yeah, thanks. So on the net debt credit metrics question, John, so as you say, guided to 31.5, that includes the billion that we referred to in the previous question. And yes, in the coming year, given the sort of reduced underlying profits and the high cash short-term impact, we would expect reported metrics to fall below threshold. I think the critical thing, though, is as always, and we're in regular dialogue with all three agencies, we would expect the agencies to take a longer-term view, as they usually do, on issues like this and understand the route to recovery, as John has just mentioned, rather than sort of taking a one-off view of any particular point in time. I think I'd also say that just in terms of the reported metrics, you know, we report those all in, so the 9.2 and the 12.3. If you add back some of the adverse timing that we've seen and some of the other exceptionals and the bad debt, you know, sort of the RCF is in the 10.5 range. So, I think, you know, as we go into the COVID situation, we're in a robust place too.

Thanks, John. Okay. Thank you. I can see that Dominic has got a question from Barclays.

Yeah, good morning. Two questions for me, please. First one, ROEs in the US, and I think going to page 58 of your presentation, you come up with a US gap net income, which is up 18% year on year. which is obviously impressive. But what expectations have you got for the growth or not of that next year as you start to move into the COVID world? And I presume that the £400 million COVID operating profit is not going to be in that. And where do you think the ROE should sort of, we should sort of like model that one in our numbers going forward? And secondly, on your energy strategy, you talk about the energy transition story of power, heat, and transport. But what are your thoughts on your gas business overall on what the threats, opportunities we see? Is it going to be a move to hydrogen or we're going to move more electrification or biogas or even CCS? Where do you see particular gas transmission opportunities there in the UK, please?

If I start with a second, then I'll ask Andy to talk about the ROEs. So I think in terms of gas, I think everybody recognizes that decarbonization of gas and heat in particular is probably the most challenging element of the net zero target by 2050. Clearly, if you look at the UK, then over 80% of all heat comes from natural gas. And if you look at what the Committee on Climate Change said recently, they're still expecting around 68% of the current gas volumes to persist, even in the net zero world, with an expectation of probably less gas going into buildings, but more being used for things like hydrogen. I think at this point, Dominic, we're of the view that the solution to decarbonization of gas is likely to be mosaic solutions. So there is the potential for increased biogas. It could potentially provide up to 10 or 15% of the UK needs, for example. But clearly things like hydrogen have a role to play, as does CCUS. So you would have seen that National Grid is partnering with Drax and Equinor looking at the development of a zero carbon cluster in the Humberside, which is effectively taking natural gas, taking the CO2 out of it, using it for industry and potentially generation, and then taking our carbon emissions back into old cabins in the North Sea. And similarly, we are exploring, working with the industry, a number of projects looking at the role that a gas transmission network could use, could be with hydrogen. So we're looking at options with 20% blending, 40%, and up to 100%, and what impact that will have on the network. So we're currently developing a piece of work to use some transmission pipeline to test that to see what the impact would be, and then ultimately to link that to some of the work that's going on in the northwest with the distribution gas companies to test our hydrogen from beach to meter. So that's work that's going to go on over the next few years, you know, ultimately to try and develop what that roadmap will look like. But we remain very positive that gas has got a really important role to play in the transition to net zero over the next few years. Andy.

Yeah. So, Dominic, on U.S. ROEs, as you know, this year, 9.3%, 99% of allowed. And if you relate that through to the 18% increase in U.S. net income, the reference, you know, that's really driven by the 12% increase in rate base and the 50 basis points improvement in achieved return. So the combination of those two gets you, you know, to around to the 18% increase in U.S. net income or U.S. gap net income. I think as I look forward, as you say, we haven't guided specifically. We've indicated, and as John's mentioned just in the answer to a couple of previous questions, you know, as we work through the recovery mechanisms and the timing of those, obviously that will feed through. And also, you know, we're particularly in New York with the downstate rate cases still under discussion. You know, that will be a driver of the outturn in terms of ROE as well. I think what I would say, though, is having delivered 99% of the allowed this year, we see no reason why we shouldn't be able to deliver a strong performance on an underlying basis against whatever that allowed return is next year.

Thanks, Andy. Thanks, Dominic. Deepa, I can see that Deepa's got a question.

Hi. Thank you. I have three questions. First, starting with what are your expectations from Ofgem for the July 9th draft determinations. I think in the past you've said that the 4.3% cost of equity was low, and then you have proposed 6.5% in your business plan. So just your thoughts, particularly given the acceleration of investments needed for net zero, and then also the impact of COVID and the uncertainty that's created in the capital markets. So that's the first question. I think second one, just on the balance sheet – Just wanted to check, if things got tight, would you be open to, for instance, looking at divestments of some of your interconnectors? I mean, that build-out program is now quite advanced. So would you be looking – I mean, if it came to it, would you be open to looking at, you know, some changes in the portfolio, maybe minority stakes, et cetera, if it came to it? And lastly, just a clarification to your previous answer to Dominic's question – On the U.S. cap numbers, could you clarify whether you included the bad debt adjustment in that, or is that pre-bad debt that you've booked on those U.S. cap earnings? Thank you.

Okay, let me take the first, and I'll ask Andy to pick up the second and third. So in terms of expectations for the draft determination, I mean, we remain hopeful that Ofgem will – will recognize some of the arguments that we've made deeper in terms of the overall financial package. As you know, in our draft business plans, we set out a proposal including a return on equity of 6.5%. Ofgem, in their initial view, was at 4.3% to 4.8%. So we've continued the dialogue with Ofgem on that, and we're hopeful that we will see some progress to get to what we believe is a reasonable return. As I've said several times, as you know, fundamentally, it's the overall financial package that's going to be really important. So returns clearly are important, but we also want to see what the overall package looks like, including what incentives there are going to be to innovate and to drive efficiency and how that's going to be shared between customers and ourselves going forward. I actually think that the implications of COVID and the impact it's having on the economy aligned to the fact that there is a real opportunity, I think, to use the green agenda and green investment to really stimulate the economy. So that is something that I hope Ofgem will be bearing in mind as they think about their draft determination. National Grid did a report earlier in the year, you may have seen it, that showed that investment to meet net zero could potentially create 400,000 jobs in the UK and 100,000 in the next decade. So I think there is a real opportunity to think about post-COVID, how you stimulate the economy and what does that mean for investment towards net zero. And I would be hopeful that Ofgem are thinking about that as part of their draft determination. Clearly, once we get through that, there's still a fair way to go. Obviously, there's some important milestones, including the water companies have got their initial outcome from the CMA in September. I'm sure Ofgem will be mindful of that as well. And then ultimately, the final decision in December But I think, you know, we're hopeful that some of the opportunities that I think the green agenda presents will be reflected in the draft determination.

Andy? Yeah, no, thanks. So, Deepa, on two points. I mean, in terms of the balance sheet, I think it's alluded to in one of the earlier questions, you know, as I look forward, you know, very much seeing COVID as a timing issue with the sort of the regulatory recovery routes that we have. We don't see it as a significant sort of economic impact. And I think then, you know, we will always therefore focus on sort of the breadth of our regulatory arrangements, the diversification of those, the performance that we're then able to drive against those, which we've done consistently. And as you've probably heard us say, as we look at the Rio 2 outcome in particular, looking for the broader financial package and not just the headline return that's being referenced. Clearly, as we've said consistently, we always look at our portfolio. We always look at the relative contribution of all elements of the portfolio. We'll continue to do that, but we don't have anything in mind. The third point, sorry, on the bad debts. So the 9.3 that we're reporting, that does assume recovery ultimately of the bad debt charge, yes.

Okay, so it excludes basically the bad debts both in the U.S. cap earnings and in the 9.3, yeah.

Well, it assumes recovery on it, yes. Okay.

Yeah. Thanks, Deepa. I can see Frasier from Bank of America is on, so Frasier.

Three questions from me as well, please. So back in April, I recall you were worried about not being able to recover additional costs and lost revenues in the US, and that I think was part of your remarks around the dividend. What has changed to make you feel happier about recovery now? Number two is on inflation. And do you see pressure on the UK business in the event of a period of low inflation? And do you plan to move the asset base growth targets and the actual dividend benchmarks to CPIH at some point? And then lastly on interconnectors, how dependent is that 250 million EBITDA on the outcome of the UK's deliberations on the carbon price, particularly the £18 a tonne tax? Thanks.

So I'll let Andy do the first two and then I'll do the interconnectors.

Andy? Yeah, so Fraser, I think referring to on the first one, back to our pre-close statement where, you know, understandably right at the end of March, beginning of April, I think we said actually at the time that it was appropriate the board would take into account everything including its normal considerations of business performance, regulatory arrangements, but particularly the impacts of COVID. And at that point, a lot of uncertainty around the impacts of COVID. As you'll have seen this morning, I think we've got a lot more clarity where and how that's impacting us. And as John said, the regulatory arrangements that we expect to be able to pursue recovery through. So That's why we're able to give the messages we have this morning. In terms of inflation, just a quick reminder, so the 5 to 7, which has been our medium-term growth guidance, that is always assuming 3% indexation or RPI in the UK. So obviously as RPI does move around, it will move the actual growth rate, but that 5 to 7 is driven by that long-term assumption. I think in terms of the broader risks around inflation, Yes, of course, we're still half our group linked to RPI, potentially CPI, obviously, under T2. But remember that today we have around a quarter of our debt book, which is index-linked, providing still a very good natural hedge for us. So like every utility, many years or sustained levels of negative inflation would be something we would look carefully at. But at the moment, we don't see it as a significant risk in the short term.

Yeah, and in terms of the interconnectors, I mean, we've taken a central view in terms of the 250 EBITDA, so both in terms of expectations in terms of carbon pricing and how that might evolve in or whether we have a hard exit from Brexit or not, but also how we see the market developing both in the UK and in mainland Europe and what we see as the potential sort of view on the arbitrage between the two markets. So it's a central view that we're reasonably comfortable with. Okay, thanks, Reza. I'm going to move on. We've got quite a few questions to still get through. Olivia.

Good morning. This is Olivia from Exxon. Thank you for taking our questions this morning. I just had three also follow-up questions. Can you hear me?

Yes.

Okay, perfect. Sorry. One is a follow-up question on hydrogen. Actually, you already touched on that one. It seems that you are working at a fairly early stage now on thinking of what the possibility might be for hydrogen for your business, but we are clearly seeing some political momentum rising quite a lot at the European level and potentially also at the U.K. level on the topic of hydrogen. I was just wondering if you could already give us a feel in terms of how hydrogen, your gas network is for the U.K. and maybe also for the U.S., Should the ambition be over the long run to switch fully to 100% hydrogen networks? Would you require a lot of replacement, or would your pipeline be essentially able to capture that? The second one is on the discussion around Kedley and Kedley rate cases in New York. I think in a press release you mentioned that potential. this may take actually more legal and court rules. I just wonder if you could give us a bit more color on effectively the, I guess, the mood of discussion between you and local authorities and to what extent you think you will get an agreement this year or if it has to be to the court. Do you have any precedence to see how long this might actually take before an outcome might be reached? And then the final question is on the tax rate. So you guided 22% tax rate for the coming year. In the last couple of years, we were more at around 20%. So I wonder if you could give us an indication what you see the more medium-term tax rate is likely to be for your company. Thank you.

Yes, thank you. I'll take the first two, and then I'll ask Andy to talk about the tax rate. So in terms of hydrogen, I mean, there is a huge amount of work going on across the industry, much of it coordinated by either the states in the U.S. or by the government in the U.K. to make sure that The industry is exploring the potential for hydrogen in a sort of coordinated way. I mean, at this point, it is unclear what exactly will be required to the existing network in order to modify it or whether it needs to be modified at all to be able to support hydrogen. That's exactly the pilot projects that are being developed and are being run at the moment is to really understand what it would take to either increase the amount of hydrogen that sits within a blended solution in the network or actually potentially moving to clusters of full hydrogen networks. So that's the work that's going to go on over the next few years, both in the work we're doing in the U.S. and in the U.K., to really understand what that roadmap will look like and what the investment around it will be. In terms of Kedley and Kedney, We, you know, generally in New York, there are two mechanisms by which you agree a rate filing. One is through litigation, where you ultimately end up with a one-year rate case. And the other is through settlement. And through settlement, there is always the opportunity to do a multi-year settlement. I was quite pleased that actually the PSC reinitiated discussions with National Grid at the beginning of this month to see if we could find a settlement for Kedley and Kedney. They have extended the period by which we can have those discussions by 90 days, so we will know the outcome in the next quarter. In the event that you can't agree a settlement, then the natural default is to litigate for one year. In the event that we do that, we would probably put another filing in relatively quickly to cover the fact that it's only a one-year rate case. But we remain hopeful that we can find a settlement over the next 90 days.

And just on your third question on the tax rate, as you say, 19.9 this year, going to around 22 next. Over the last couple of years, we've had the benefit of some one-offs and a couple of settlements across our jurisdictions. So I think 22 probably reflects a more normal rate based on the profit mix. But obviously, as U.S. and U.K. profits vary in the years ahead, they'll be subject to that change as well. But that's the driver for the increase next year.

Should we go to James from Deutsche?

Yeah, hi. I had two questions. First is on the dividend, and you obviously come out with quite clear of your dividend policy and that although it's reviewed from time to time, this is the policy you think is sustainable over the medium term. Should we judge from that that you see the dividend sustainable through the Rio 2 regulatory review in the UK under, obviously not necessarily all scenarios, but under most scenarios? That's question number one. And then second question is just to, I guess it's a two-parter, but just to check on the a couple of areas of recovery. You booked about 400 million increase in environmental provisions, including a new provision related to gas, legacy kind of gas plant facilities. Can I just check whether you think that will be recoverable under, I'm not sure if it's the UK or the US, I guess it's probably the UK, whether that's recoverable or not. And secondly, you've on slide 18 highlighted that you've moved US IT investment into the regulated segment, which I think you said is 90 million last year. Can I check whether that's recoverable? Thanks.

Okay, so I'm starting with the dividend policy. So, yes, today we reaffirmed our dividends. The dividend policy has been in place since 2013, which is to, you know, we aim to increase the dividend by at least UK inflation for the foreseeable future. And quite rightly, James, as you said, that's something that, as you'd expect, the board reviews on a regular basis, taking into account business performance as well as regulatory outcomes. So, you know, we understand the importance of sustainability of dividend to our shareholders. And that dividend policy, of course, is underpinned by sensible regulatory outcomes. Today, what we talked about is COVID, which, as you've seen, has got an impact in the short term, but actually doesn't change the fundamental economics of the business in the medium term. And whilst we're still in discussions with regards to Rio T2, and we're still hopeful that we can get to a sensible regulatory outcome on that. So that's why the board has reaffirmed the policy today. In terms of the environmental charge that you saw, it predominantly relates to the U.S. and a canal called Guianas Canal in Brooklyn. This is the cost of a cleanup operation on that canal, which goes back actually over 100 years. but we are one of several companies who are the legacy companies that are responsible for that cleanup operation. Those costs are typically recovered as part of our rate filings with the PSC in New York. They have been done historically, and our expectation is they will continue to be recovered. And similarly, with regards to IT investment, IT investment is no different to any other investment that we make on the network. and therefore it is part of our rate filings and is recovered through our rate cases.

Great. Thank you.

Thanks, James. Shall I go to Mark, Mark Freshney? Hi.

Hello. Can you hear me?

I can, Mark.

Hello. Perfect. So I have three questions. Firstly, a question for Andy on taking off some of the U.S. dollar swaps. Yeah, I think the strategy a couple of years ago under your previous finance director was to only take the goodwill off. Now, I think you mentioned you've only got the U.S. 70% hedged. So I was just wondering what's behind that and basically closing out your... Mark, we've lost you. My second question was on EV and the policy that you've got there. The charges by the motorway. And just thirdly, can we expect you to reaffirm the dividend policy or lay out a new dividend policy post Rio 2 outcome, which hopefully can't early next year.

Let me deal with a second and third, but I'll ask Andy to deal with the dollar swap. You broke up slightly, Mark, but I think the question was around EV charging and our proposal that we've been discussing with the industry and government around an ultrafast charging network. So I think, you know, at the highest level, we were pleased to see the announcement of the budget that the government had set aside 500 million pounds to actually start to build out that ultra-fast charging network. At the current time, the task was put to OLEV to work out how exactly that would be used. My understanding is their aspiration is to have around 650 kilowatt fast chargers at each of the strategic service stations by 2025, increasing to a total, I think, of around 6,000 ultra-fast charging by 2035. So at the moment, we're working with OLAV and with others in the industry about exactly how that $500 million will be used to support the connections that are going to be needed and the connection infrastructure investments going to be needed to put the capacity into those strategic service stations. In terms of dividend policy, as I said, Mark, you know, the dividend policy remains the same. You know, it remains the same as it's been since 2013. And as I said earlier, you know, it is underpinned by sensible regulatory outcomes. and the board reviews it on a regular basis, taking into account things like business performance and regulatory developments. But as of today, the dividend policy remains exactly the same.

Yeah, and Mark, on the U.S. hedge question, it's actually something we've looked at each year, and we do that periodically anyway. So we've probably been moving it quite regularly for the last few years. But But the shift this year was, again, we look at it against its impact on all of our metrics, not just from a total asset perspective, but impact on earnings, but particularly impact on cash and credit as part of that. And the view was that bringing it down more closely matched dollar cash flows and provides a closer hedge for us in terms of the impact on credit metrics in particular. And I think you'll see that if you look at our overall FX impact this year, with the dollar rate moving from 130 to around 124 at close, the net impact on our earnings was about 11 million pounds.

Thanks, Mark. I can see that Verity from HSBC has got a question.

I've just got a couple of questions. I think the first one is in the pension deficit, which has gone up quite a bit in the current year, which is a slightly different story from, say, some of the UK water companies that said they benefited from very favourable discount rates on the 31st of March. Perhaps you could remind us when your next trial valuation is. And then just secondly, a question on CWIP, actually. You've had a big rate, well, 1% rate base increase because of the transfer of assets. Can you just talk us through how that profile continues for the next couple of years in terms of regulatory balances in the US? Thanks.

Yeah, thanks, Rosie. Yeah, thanks, So Verity, yes, I'll take pensions first. So it's very much a UK-US split this time. So as you compared us to other UK utilities and on our UK schemes, we have actually seen a small improvement. It's not as large as some. You may remember earlier in the year we executed the two buy-ins, partial buy-ins for our gas scheme, which sort of has held back the improvement. But otherwise, we have actually seen a slightly larger pension asset under IFRS. The downside is in the U.S., where because of a big drop in the nominal discount rate, we've increased the U.S. pension and healthcare liability by about a billion year on year. So that's why we're seeing a net worsening across the group. I think the important thing is those are IFRS numbers. As always, we look at the underlying fundamental valuations. The tri-annual was as of March 2019. We're just in the final stages of that, but we expect that to continue to show sort of very good levels of funding for the UK schemes. And apologies, the second session. Sorry, CWIP, yes. So, yes, so you've seen this morning, this year we've seen $380 million move from CWIP into rate-based. There's a variety of projects that go through CWIP, and it's hard to forecast precisely because of the different longevities and different scales. I suspect next year we wouldn't expect to see such a large movement from CWIP through to rate-based, but that's encompassed in our sort of overall guidance that overall asset growth will be back within the 5% to 7% range this year.

Thank you.

Thanks, Verity.

Gus, I can see you've got a question. Andy, great. Many thanks. One question, if I may, and that is with regards to the potential impact of COVID on the current year. And my question really revolves around the potential discount.

is common at the headline is that we are seeing low demands in the U.S. and we are seeing low demands in the U.K., and that does impact on the headline figure and on the cash implications. So in the U.K., we would expect to see potentially a low revenue recovery this year because the demands are lower than they typically would expect when we set the tariffs.

Great. Great. Many thanks.

Thanks, Gus. Thanks, Gus. We've got a couple more questions to go soon, and we've got a couple more minutes. So Sam from UBS.

Well, hi. Good morning, John, Andy, and everyone. Thank you for the presentation today and all your answers so far. Yeah, as you said, I'm kind of way down the batting order today, and I think a lot of the topics that we want to speak about have been touched on already. But do you mind if I try and ask you a sort of high-level question that may give you a chance to bring a few of these different different points together. And I think what I want to ask is, you know, how do we square this exciting, I think, confident, very positive view of the business that you give? And you talk a lot about the potential contribution to the energy transition and so on. With the outlook for earnings, which, you know, if you look at consensus before today, it's already sort of flattish for the next few years and probably maybe now nudges down slightly after your guidance today. And I think if I ask that question, I'd sort of break it into two parts. I think the first part is, is there anything you could do to sort of cheer up the earnings outlook this year and next? And we've basically stuck with that view for two years. I mean, I know we've got this mini-budget from the Chancellor in July, and that's said to include a massive infra plan, and there's a U.S. infra plan that's in the pipe. And I'm certainly very interested in your thoughts on both of those, but I assume that they wouldn't really impact or CapEx, you know, straightaway or in the next couple of years. So then my sort of second part of the question is coming back to the portfolio. And I know Deepa asked the question about disposals earlier, and I think Andy said you don't have anything in mind right now. But SSE yesterday announced a new round of disposal plans, including power networks. And I think they basically said they wouldn't mind running a payout ratio that was more than 100%. They wouldn't mind taking a credit downgrade and even selling stakes in those power networks. as long as they can keep paying out and growing the dividends. So I guess some of those thoughts must have been crossing your minds as well. And you've disposed gas distribution in the past, and you've still got $6 billion of RAB in the gas transmission business. And I'm just interested in generally you think disposals is going to be a feature of things going forward. Do you think it's a good time for disposals? How would you feel about that kind of strategy where you're basically disposing stakes and and paying a dividend out of proceeds. Those are my two thoughts. We have a long question, but I'm really interested if you could tie that together for us. Thank you. Thanks, Matt.

I'll try and give you the relative six things. They are quite big questions. I'll ask Andy to pick up on the second. In terms of the first, I do think, you know, we are in an exciting time for national grid and in the energy sector. So in the UK, you would have seen that we've submitted our draft business plans that sets out the investment that we believe is necessary over the next five years. And in the US, we've continued to submit rate filings on a regular drumbeat to support the capital investment that's needed. Ultimately, those investments through those regulatory mechanisms will drive earnings. And we have seen that in our US business most recently over the last few years. As we've invested more, you would have seen the earnings on a gap basis increase in line with that asset growth. In the short term, as we set out today, we are expecting a short-term impact as a result of COVID. But as we've also set out, we don't see that having a long-term economic impact on the business. So, you know, it is an opportunity for us in terms of both maintaining the networks that we have in terms of asset health and resilience, but also in involving ourselves in the opportunities for the green agenda and decarbonization. And ultimately, as long as you get the regulatory mechanisms right, the earnings will flow through from those investments. In terms of the overall portfolio and the sort of credit and so on, Andy.

Sam, thanks for the question. I guess, firstly, I'm not going to comment on what SSE said or why they may have said it, but I will give you our view and how I think about the balance sheet and credit and the dividend. And I think, as we've said consistently, why the 5% to 7% is a growth rate that we believe sits well with our balance sheet strength, the A-minus credit rating across the group. And also we're continuing to underpin the progressive dividend policy, you know, at least in line with UK RPI. So I think your question sort of implies why don't we need to go and do other things to do that? And, you know, at the moment we're very much viewing the impact of COVID, as we said today, as a short-term timing challenge for us. We're, you know, not having significant economic impact in the medium to long term, as John's described a few times. So, you know, we're comfortable and uncomfortable with where the balance sheet is, where the ratings are, and, you know, the medium-term, you know, robustness of the group. Thanks, Sam.

I've got two questions left and about two minutes to go, so why don't we take Ahmed from Jefferies?

Yes. Hi, and thank you. Thank you for taking my question, and thank you for the presentation. just a few from my side, mainly follow-up questions. I'm just hoping if you could provide us a little bit of context for bad debt, if possible, both in terms of absolute numbers and maybe percentage of revenue. So what's been the typical historical run rate? What have you seen in the fiscal year that you just reported? And then what are you sort of, as you put that in the context of what's assumed in the 400 million year? And then I guess the second question is, I mean, it does seem obviously you're sort of quite sort of confident about this recovering most or all of the parts of the 400 million impact that you have highlighted. Could you maybe provide us a context as to how long such effects or recovery period was after the sort of financial crisis? I know it's very different, but I thought maybe that sort of context could be could be helpful for us. And just my final question is the difference between the $400 million and $1 billion. I think you mentioned a couple of buckets there. I was hoping if you could sort of give us more clarity around how significant each of those effects are. I think you mentioned timing differences related to volume and then differences between bill deferrals and bad debts. So thank you.

Let me have a go at the first one, and I'll hand over to Andy to do the last one. So in terms of bad debt, I mean, typically, I think, across our business, bad debt will run at about 1% to 1.5% of our total revenues. Our total revenues in the U.S. are probably about $13 billion. So the additional provision that we took in 1920 of $117 million is nearly a probably doubling of what that is. And then as you've heard today, with regards to the $400 million, we'd expect to be taking another charge of similar magnitude to what we took, if not slightly higher than what we took at the end of 1920. So hopefully that gives you a sense of the impact that we're considering as part of bad debt relative to the sort of normal run rate. In terms of recovery, as I said earlier on, I mean, it is very difficult to determine because it is directly influenced by how the states want to approach it, whether they want to do a separate order, whether they want to do the rate filings, and where you are in your rate filing cycle, if it's chosen to go down a rate filing. So it's difficult to say, but typically it would be over two or three years, I guess, if I look back historically. But it will depend on when you're doing your rate filings and how the state wants to approach it. And with regards to the third question, Andy?

Yes, so I'm probably going to refer some of the answers I gave earlier on on this point, which is if you understand the buckets within the $400 million, which is what will flow through underlying earnings, you've really got the three extra areas, which will be cash and potentially headline earnings, but because of the mechanisms we have from a timing perspective. So one is demand, where we expect lower demand on both sides of the Atlantic to flow through some of our collections. and where we collect less than our allowed revenue in a year. That goes through our headline earnings, and we automatically get to recover that either the following year or the subsequent year to that. It's very hard to be precise about the scale of these buckets because demand is clearly something that is very hard to forecast, particularly when those peaks and troughs are. The second element of the billion is U.S. customer collections, so the amount that ultimately we make an assessment of what will lift finally be uncollectible, which feeds into the bad debts. But assuming that as of 31st of March next year, we will still have higher levels of receivables, it doesn't necessarily mean that all those receivables won't be ultimately collectible. And that's how we make our bad debt assessment. And then the third one is, as we mentioned, I think, right at the start, as we work with the industry, particularly in the UK, around extending credit and whether some of that may ultimately fall outside of collection this year as well, once those schemes are fully in place. So, again, very hard to be specific, but those are the three broad buckets.

Thank you. Last but no means least, thank you for your patience, Alshin, from Bloomberg.

Can we take the last question? Hello, everyone. Yeah, I have a couple of questions. The first one is on demand. I know it's a lot of uncertainty and hard to predict, but how long do you reckon it's going to take for the demand to recover to pre-COVID levels, both in Britain and in the U.S.? ? And the second question is on cost recovery. Again, very hard to predict, but if I had to apply a haircut, how confident are you getting, I don't know, 80% or 90% of the recoverable COVID-related cost and bad debt and whatnot? So that's all for me. Thank you.

Okay, I'll take the first and give Andy the second. So in terms of demand, it's an incredibly difficult question to answer. there are two factors that are really influencing, you know, the rate at which we'll see demand recover back to normal levels. One is just the depth of the economic impact that COVID will have, and that will in itself vary between states and between the UK and the US, I'm sure. And the other is the speed at which each individual state in the UK lifts restrictions. Those two things directly will impact on the levels of demand that we see on our network. What we have seen, in COVID, if I use the UK as an example, is demands as low as 17% lower than we would have typically expected during this time of year. I would also say that we are just seeing perhaps the early signs of demand recovering as we're seeing some of the restrictions in terms of movement lifting. It is still very early, but demands are not quite as low as they were in the early days of COVID. So we are starting to see that recovery, but exactly when it will get back to normal, it's very difficult to forecast. Andy?

Yes, and I think, as we've said a couple of times, the route to recovering the extra costs are varied, and they vary by state in terms of existing mechanisms, future filings, and using precedent in terms of other sort of crises where we've had significant spend. So we're confident, as we said several times this morning, that we expect to get the vast majority back. But it's, we're not able at this point to be precise about exactly a percentage of that, but we remain confident that it won't have a significant impact on us.

So let me just close by saying thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for all your questions. What you hear this morning is the performance in 19-20, underlying performance was very strong. There was a small impact of COVID at the back end. The business continues to deliver despite that new challenge. We are seeing a short-term impact as a result of COVID, but we expect there not to be a significant economic impact on the business longer term. And we remain well-placed to continue to create long-term value for our shareholders and to meet the needs of our customers. So thank you, everybody, for joining the call, and I hope to see you all very soon in more normal circumstances.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.