Pfizer, Inc.

Good morning, and welcome to Pfizer's Earnings Call. I'm Francesca DiMartino, Chief Investor Relations Officer.

On behalf of the Pfizer team, thank you for joining us. This call is being made available via audio webcast at Pfizer.com. Earlier this morning, we released our results for the first quarter of 2024 via a press release that is available on our website at Pfizer.com. I'm joined today by Dr. Albert Bourla, our chairman and CEO, and Dave Denton, our CFO. Albert and Dave have some prepared remarks, and we will then open the call for questions. Joining for the Q&A session, we also have Dr. Chris Boshoff, EVP and Chief Oncology Officer, Alexandre Desjardins, EVP and Chief International Commercial Officer, Dr. Michael Dolston, Chief Scientific Officer and President of R&D, Doug Lankler, EVP and General Counsel, and Amir Malik, EVP and Chief U.S. Commercial Officer. Before we get started, I want to remind you that we will be making forward-looking statements and discussing certain non-GAAP financial measures. I encourage you to read the disclaimers in our slide presentation, the press release we issued this morning, and our disclosures in our SEC filings, which are all available on the IR website on Pfizer.com. Forward-looking statements on the call are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, speak only as of the call's original date, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the statements. With that, I will turn the call over to Albert.

Thank you, Francesca. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining our call. In the first quarter, we had a solid start to the year and we are cautiously optimistic about what we will achieve in 2024. I'm pleased and appreciative of how our Pfizer colleagues are executing with discipline as they focus on the patients and others we serve. This helped us deliver a strong performance during the quarter in our non-COVID product portfolio, drive progress towards our oncology leadership, advance our pipeline, and continue to strengthen our business. Today, we'll discuss highlights from the quarter and provide updates about how we are continuing to make progress with the five strategic priorities we serve with you at the start of the year. We are proud of the positive impact we achieve around the world with our deep capabilities and global scale. Through the first three months of the year, we reached more than 119 million patients without medicines and vaccines. We will continue to build on Pfizer's 175-year history of driving medical and pharmaceutical breakthroughs as we maximize the opportunities in front of us. Our confidence in the year ahead comes from our focus on executing the strategic priorities that we believe will deliver operational, commercial, and financial success across our business. The priorities are achieve world-class oncology leaders, deliver the next wave of pipeline innovation, maximize performance of our new products, expand margins by realigning our cost base, and allocate capital to enhance their value. In the first quarter, we made notable progress with each one, and I will share some highlights. Many of you joined us in our Oncology Innovation Day in February, and I hope you found it to be a valuable opportunity to see how we are well positioned to achieve world-class oncology leaders. We are pleased with the excellence we have been able to achieve in both integration and commercial execution. With a strong mix of FISA and citizen colleagues in the newly combined team, we believe we have one of the most experienced and talented groups of oncology leaders in the industry. We are also already seeing the benefit of strong commercial execution with our newly cross-trained sales and feed medical teams. In the first quarter of 2024, our oncology revenues grew 19% operationally over the same quarter a year ago, driven in part by the acquisition of the four inline products from this legacy season, and in particular the strong ongoing launch of Patsy, in front-line locally advanced metastatic urothelial cancer, regardless of cisplatin LHP, following FDA approval based on the groundbreaking EV302 data. We have an increased demand for Xtandem, which continues to be a backbone therapy across the prostate cancer treatment continuum. And we have continued growth from Lorbren, which could emerge as the potential first-line standard of care in all positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Earlier this week, we also announced the full FDA approval of TIFTAC to treat recurring or metastatic cervical cancer. TIFTAC is the first antibody drug conjugate to have positive overall survival data for patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Going forward, we are guided by a strategy focusing on our greatest opportunities to make a difference for patients with cancer. With the power of our deep expertise, broad and diverse portfolio, and global scale, we are confident we are well on our way toward our 2030 goal of doubling the number of patients treated with our innovative cancer medicines, increasing the number of blockbuster medicines in our portfolio from five a day to eight or more, and driving an anticipated tenfold increase in the proportion of revenue from biologics. This is important because it brings the potential to provide more durable revenue based on several factors, including Inflation Reduction Act considerations and the greater challenges of copying complex biologics. We will look forward to sharing continued updates with you on the progress in accelerating oncology breakthroughs. Now I'll turn to our progress with delivering the next wave of pipeline innovation. In oncology, during the quarter, we had three pivotal phase three study starts, including the first phase three trial for our selected CDK4 inhibitor, atinbocytin, integrating beta-6-directed ADC, sigvota-2, the BODIN-SV, and the fourth phase pre-trial for Erlexvio in multiple mieloma. At the upcoming American Society of Clinical Oncology annual, we will present data spanning each of our tumor areas of focus and core scientific modalities, including new five-year progression-free survival data for Lorbrenum. Plastic data for at-set risk in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and additional developments from across our deep and diverse pipelines. We are also driving continued execution beyond oncology with a sharpened focus on key value drivers expected to build potential multi-billion dollar product portfolios. Through the first quarter, we are on track with delivering on our anticipated milestones and have important updates in both our growing respiratory and hematology portfolios. With Abris, we believe we have the opportunity to further expand what is currently the broadest approved range of patients for the RSV vaccine, including adults 60 years and older and infants from birth to six months via maternal immunization. We recently reported positive results from the Phase III MONATI trial, evaluating abrisvoi in adults aged 18 to 59 at increased risk for RSV disease. The trial met its primer and points and we intend to submit this data to regulatory agencies. We believe abrisvoi has the potential to become the first and only RSV vaccine for adults 18 years and older. Hematology is another priority area. With the progress of recent and near-term milestones, we are confident that we could establish a potential multi-billion-dollar product portfolio across hemophilia and sickle cell disease. We recently received the first U.S. FDA gene therapy approval for Pfizer with FDA approval of Vecubus, a one-time gene therapy for adults with hemophilia B. This program builds upon our growing presence in hemophilia. We expect an FDA decision before year-end for Marstasin, which has the potential to become the first once-weekly subcutaneous treatment for the hemophilia B market. And the first treatment delivered has a flat dose for both hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Moving to sickle cell, we recently started the phase 3 study of Ocivelator. our potentially best-in-class next-generation hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor. We are committed to addressing the undeserved needs of the sickle cell disease community, and we are leveraging our capabilities for potential breakthroughs for this pace. Now, I will turn to our strategic priority of maximizing performance of our new products. While it may take a year We realize the full benefit of the change we put in place as we speak to bring a more efficient structure to a commercial operation. We are pleased by the impact we are already seeing from our sharpened focus and Pfizer colleagues embracing our high-performance culture. Earlier, I mentioned the momentum of our ecology project. Our Pfizer U.S. commercial, Pfizer International Commercial Organization, are also moving ahead in driving progress with growth in their respective markets. We have several potential key growth drivers for this year and into year 2025. With Aboriginal, we are very pleased with the positive data in the 18-59 age group that differentiates our product and we are encouraged by the opportunities to continue increasing overall RSV market growth and market share. Another example is our enthusiasm for the potential of Nurtek to help the more than 1 billion people living with migraine worldwide. With all of CGRP penetration leaving room for potential significant growth, we will continue to focus on reducing access barriers for healthcare professionals and patients, as well as on education through direct-to-consumer marketing. With Oxbride, will continue to educate healthcare professionals and patients on the importance of proactively treating the underlying cause of sickle cell disease by reframing treatment goals to chronic and proactive treatment. WellSipping is coming off its annual loans, and we are focused on ensuring patient access as a first-line advanced therapy or a lotion for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. And I will mention Litfullo. we will work toward continuing to accelerate the consideration of advanced systemic treatments for appropriate patients with alopecia areata and further unlock access to it further. Additionally, we continue to protect and grow our core brands and key blockbusters, including Prevner, Fintechel, and Evelyn's. In a moment, Dave will provide updates on how we are also making progress with two other strategic priorities, expanding margins by realigning our cost base and allocating capital to enhance shareholder value. When we consider what we achieved in the first quarter, along with our continued progress in executing our five strategic priorities, we are cautiously optimistic about the year ahead. We are continuing to focus on commercial execution, protecting and growing our products and driving strong starts with new commercial loans. With the progress we are making in advancing our cost realignment program, as well as our confidence in the underlying strength of our business and our continued execution, we have raised our outlook for 2024 adjusted earnings per share by 10 cents. We have confidence in our company. With some of the most experienced and talented colleagues in the industry, we have demonstrated many times before that we are very good at execution. And we expect to continue delivering life-changing medicines for hundreds of millions of patients globally and meaningful value for our circle. Now I will turn it over today to discuss the financial performance during the quarter, as well as our progress in strengthening our business. and enhancing shareholder value. Thank you.

Thank you, Albert, and good morning, everyone. As we continue to navigate a challenging post-COVID environment, I'm pleased to share that this year is off to a solid start. We are both protecting and growing our core brands while investing in building a more effective organization. Our relentless focus on execution is positioning Pfizer to improve shareholder returns. This morning, I'll briefly review the highlights of our first quarter results, then I'll touch on our capital allocation priorities. I'll wrap up by outlining our 2024 financial guidance, as well as our key priorities for the remainder of this year. Turning to the first quarter, let me walk down the P&L. Total company revenues for the quarter were $14.9 billion, reflecting an operational decline of $3.5 billion, or 19% versus last year. As you know, our business continues to be negatively impacted by a declining COVID environment on a global basis. To that end, we expect our COVID products will continue to have an outsized effect on both our top line and our bottom line throughout this year. However, I do want to point out that we expect our COVID products will continue to be contributors to both revenue and cash flows for the foreseeable future. Strong commercial execution across the enterprise drove 11% operational revenue growth in the quarter when you exclude Comirnaty and Paxlovid. Performance was positively impacted by our renewed focus on key products and markets, refined allocation of commercial field resources globally, and further alignment of marketing resources into key priority areas. Contributing to this performance were our acquired products from Segen, alongside inline products such as Vindicail, Eloquist, and Abrisbo, Dampening our growth in the quarter was the expected lower global demand for iBrands and Superazon, driven largely by lower demand in China in the first quarter of 2024 versus last year. Adjusted gross margin for the first quarter improved by 530 basis points to 79.6% versus Q1 of last year. This improvement was driven by three factors. First were lower sales of Comirnaty, resulting in favorable sales mix. Second, in the quarter, we recorded a product return adjustment for Paxlovid associated with our US government contract. And I'll touch upon that in just a moment. And finally, we executed strong cost management across our manufacturing network. Improvements in our gross margin rate will continue to be an important focus for the company going forward. Total adjusted operating expenses increased modestly by 1% to $5.9 billion compared to Q1 of last year, despite adding expenses associated with the acquired Segen business. This disciplined cost control puts us squarely on track to delivering on our $4 billion net savings commitment by the end of the year. Adjusted S&A expenses increased 3% operation in the quarter, driven by an increase in marketing and promotional expenses for recently acquired or launched products, partially offset by a decrease in expenses for both Paxlovid and Comirity. Consistent with our strategy, we are prioritizing our R&D spending to enhance overall returns while supporting growth for our pipeline. For the quarter, adjusted R&D expenses were $2.5 billion, a decrease of 1% operationally versus LY. The slight decline was driven primarily by a lower spending resulting from our cost realignment program and lower spending on certain vaccines programs, largely offset by increased investments mainly to develop certain assets acquired from CJIP. Q1 reported diluted earnings per share were $0.55. Our adjusted diluted earnings per share was $0.82, which exceeded our expectations due to favorable gross margin performance as well as strong cost management across the enterprise. As I stated earlier, during the quarter, we recorded a favorable product return adjustment associated with our U.S. government contract for Paxlovid. Recall that during Q4 of last year, we estimated the U.S. government credit for Paxlovid was $3.5 billion. Earlier this year, the U.S. government announced that the EUA-labeled product was no longer authorized for emergency use and the agreed-upon return period had now expired. Given those facts, we can now finalize the total value of the U.S. government credit. This resulted in a favorable adjustment to revenues of $771 million for Paxlobin and contributed 11 cents to the company's earnings per share. Now let me quickly touch upon our capital allocation strategy, which is designed to enhance long-term shareholder value. Our strategy consists of maintaining and growing our dividend over time, reinvesting in our business at an appropriate level of financial return, and making value-enhancing share repurchases after delivering our balance sheet. During the first quarter, we returned $2.4 billion to shareholders via our quarterly dividend, invested $2.5 billion in internal R&D, and as expected, business development activity was minimal in the quarter. We are committed to delivering our capital structure with a gross leverage target of three and a quarter times, which we expect to achieve over time. In support of that goal, during the quarter, we paid down approximately $1.25 billion in maturing debt. And in May, we will pay down another $1 billion of outstanding notes. And importantly, during the quarter, we began to monetize our Halion stake through an initial sale of $3.5 billion, which reduced our equity position in the company from 32% to approximately 23%. Looking ahead to the next couple of quarters, I'd like to point out that we expect operating cash flow to be significantly below typical levels, largely due to the timing of certain payments. Despite this near-term pressure, Clearly, our objective is to return to a more balanced capital allocation strategy over time. Now, let me spend just a few minutes on our outlook for the remainder of this year. As we entered 2024, the company was highly focused on delivering on its financial commitments, and our performance in Q1 demonstrates that we're off to a solid start. With that objective in mind and the fact that it's still early in the year, we are modestly updating the earnings outlook for this year. We are raising our four-year adjusted diluted earnings per share guidance range by 10 cents to a new range of $2.15 to $2.35. Looking ahead, this increase takes into consideration both our improving line of sight to our cost savings targets and continued strength in our underlying business. As a reminder, our EPS guidance also includes an anticipated $0.40 of earnings dilution from the CGIN acquisition, largely due to financing costs. While the PAC slope and revenue return adjustment moves us to the upper end of the revenue guidance range, our top-line revenue expectations remain unchanged for the year. We continue to expect revenues in the range of $58.5 billion to $61.5 billion. In addition, even though commodity revenues continue to perform consistent with our plan, it is important to remember that we expect approximately 90% of our sales to occur in the second half of the year, mostly in Q4, given the seasonal nature of this product. Lastly, we remain on track to deliver at least $4 billion in net savings from our cost realignment program by the end of the year. Improving our cost base will put us on strong footing towards margin expansion and improve financial returns as we move forward. As you know, over the past two years, the company has made significant investments to drive growth in the back half of the decade, and we remain encouraged by the long-term growth outlook for Pfizer. 2024 is clearly a year of focus. The foundation that we established this year sets the stage to deliver on our commitment to enhance shareholder value both this year and through the end of the decade. And with that, I'd like to turn it back over to Albert as we begin our Q&A session.

Thank you, David. Now let's start the Q&A session. Operator, please assemble the queue.

At this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press the star and one on your telephone keypad. You may remove yourself from the queue at any point by pressing star two. Once again, that is star and one. If you would like to ask a question, we'll take our first question from Louise Chan with Cantor. Your line is now open.

Hi, thanks for taking my question. I had a question for you on your RFC vaccine sales. Just curious what drove the downtick versus the fourth quarter. It looks like GSK had a similar downtick. And then how do you think about potential competition coming into the market for vaccines and treatments? Does that impact your future growth projections for the franchise? Thank you.

I think, Amir, that's a question for you. Then maybe, Alexander, also you can add, because now we started already to register and approve the product in international markets.

Amir. Luis, thanks for the question. So it very much appears like the RSV vaccination market is following a seasonal trend. So you expect the dynamics in Q4 versus Q1 to be different. And Q1, what we saw for the market is for older adults, it certainly attenuated over the course of the quarter. So there was a peak in the second week of January and then a steady week-by-week decline since then. Now, in terms of the dynamics for our business and of Brisbane, You know, our performance was in line with what we expected. We think this will follow a seasonal trend, and we think we're very well positioned for the fall season for several reasons. One is we're progressing our retail contracting. Second is we have a real strength in the non-retail channel. You referred to GSK. They reported sales. Their revenues, when you look at the mix of U.S. revenues as reported, it's about a 60-40 mix. Our retail share is lower than that, but our non-retail share is much higher. And that portion of our business really doubled between Q4 and Q1 from about 9% to 17%. And I think that just speaks to our strength in doctor's offices and the relationships we have with organized customers. And I'll also note that later this year, if approved, we will have a new presentation of the Activile, which demonstrates ease of administration, and also our clinical data, which Albert referred to in his remarks, for label expansion for Brisbane for 18 to 59-year-olds that are at risk, as well as durable efficacy through two seasons. I think the combination of these commercial efforts, as well as potential label expansion, really position us well for a fall season.

Thank you. Now, Alexandre. So, Luis, thanks for the questions. On the international front, we actually make great progress on the RISVO. As you know, we got approval in the second half of 2023 in Europe and in the UK. And since then, we've been working with the health authority and the experts to provide medical evidence and health care system benefit associated with the protection against low respiratory tract inflammation associated with RSVB. through immunizations of maternal or through the elimination of older adults. So we're making good progress and actually we've already received the recommendation in the UK, in Austria, in Norway and we are progressing and waiting some recommendations from the vaccine technical committee in many other European markets. We also had good progress from a regulatory standpoint because it was a milestone with the approval of older adults and Am I during the maternal immunization in Japan in the first quarter, as well as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? So overall, they don't get translated to financials because it takes time, you know, to get through approval, to get the VTC and to get funding for those campaigns. But we see significant opportunity that we can address and make medical need in the international. Just to give you one example. In Europe, for instance, half of the hospitalization due to respiratory tract infection in the first year of life were caused by RSV. So there is definitely a great opportunity, and the majority of those hospitalizations occur for the first three months of age. And as you know, Abrizvo is the only maternal vaccine that helps protect infants from a low respiratory tract infection caused by RSV immunization from birth to six months. So we see a great opportunity. Thank you, Alutag. Let's go to the next question.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Terence Flynn with Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open.

Great. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe just a two-part for me. Just wondering if you can comment at all about any potential impact in 2025 from the Part D redesign. We've heard a couple of other companies already comment here. And then one on the pipeline, can you give us any update on Daniel Glipron and your plans more broadly in obesity. Thank you.

Yes, thank you. Daniel Glipron is in the interest. Let me take that one to clear the way. It's not news. We don't have news on Daniel Glipron. Everything is as we have discussed before. So we are waiting around mid-year. to get the totality of the data that relates to the once-a-day formulation. And then based on the data and everything else, we will make decisions for future plans. So we'll speak about them when we have more to say. However, now let's go to Amir about the Part D redesign in 2025. Do you expect anything?

Sure. Terrence, thanks for the question. And as you can imagine, there's many moving parts to Part D redesign. I think relevant to our business, you know, I think it's important to first note that as part of what already went into place with the redesign, there is no cost sharing imposed on vaccines. So that, given our significant vaccines portfolio, is a positive. And then obviously over the course of 24 and 25 years, there's other dynamics with out-of-pocket cost caps which create better access for patients and that is helpful to volumes and we're starting to see that in 24 in some parts of our business including on vinda and then there's things to come including a change in that cap as well as patient smoothing so we'll see how that plays out and obviously there's also changes in how costs are shared between plans manufacturers government and patients so How all of that gets implemented, we're tracking that very closely. We're not offering any specific guidance in terms of direct dollar impact on our business in 2025 because there's still a lot to come on this. And when we're ready to do that, we certainly will.

Thank you, Amir. Let's go to the next question, please.

We'll take our next question from Akash Tiwari with Jeffries. Your plan is open.

Hey, thanks so much. On to FAMEDIS, really strong quarter, but I wanted to ask on patent life. Given we've seen the EU Patent Office strike down multiple invalidity oppositions, and on the U.S. side, it looks like defendants are conceding infringement. How should we think about IP for this product? Why shouldn't this stay patented out to 2035? And then number two, really strong quarter for PADSEV, and you do have the pending TIVDAC launch in first-line cervical. Is there any possibility we could see C-GEN become accretive to Pfizer earnings by next year? Thanks so much.

That's a very good question. Why don't we go first to you, Dave, to speak a little bit about... Clearly, the season is doing very well. If you expect that... can become a creative earlier. Also, I would like to hear some comments from Chris about the progress of the season portfolio, and then Doug can comment on the IP situation or legal counsel.

Yeah, so just maybe on CGEN from a financial perspective, obviously, clearly a very solid quarter and a very solid start to the year. I think we're not changing our expectations, both short-term and long-term for CGEN, but I think we're cautiously optimistic as we look forward. So, Probably nothing to update financially other than our continued commitment to the financial metrics that we've already established. And again, we're probably cautiously optimistic on the trends that we're seeing underlying that business at this point in time.

You want to make some comments also, Chris, about the performance of the system business?

Yeah, I think just to add to what Dave has said, it's early days for PacSafe, as you pointed out. For 3.0.2, the data was, we just launched early this year. We've already seen 164% here on year pro forma growth. It's early, but we're very pleased that we've got NCCN guidelines category one. We've got the New England Journal publication here. We've got uptake in both academic and community settings. In fact, 70% of the current accounts on the community. And we're looking forward now because I think we're well set for the future in the muscle invasive bladder cancer setting. And those two studies that we'll read out later in 2025, 2026, 2027. Thank you very much, Chris.

Doug, what about the situation with the IP disputes?

Yes, Vindiquil and Vindimax currently has U.S. patent exclusivity through the end of this year, but we have a patent term extension, which would take it out to December of 2028, and we may be filing additional requests for patent term extensions while that is pending. In major European markets, Our patents expire in November of 2026. And in Japan, the patent expires in 2026, but there's regulatory exclusivity through March of 2029 for cardiomyopathy.

Thank you, Doug. All right, let's move to the next question. Thank you, Akash.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Evan Singerman with BMO Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Hi, guys. Thank you so much for taking my question. I want to touch on gross margin. Obviously, a nice improvement in this quarter. And I believe back in December, you had said for the full year, it'd be around 70%. Do you expect that we could actually see a better gross margin for the full year, given kind of the benefit we've seen? Or are there some other puts and takes that we should be aware of?

Yeah, so this is Dave. We're always looking to improve our performance from both a gross margin and operating performance perspective. So I'll say we'll continue to focus on that. Obviously, as you know, there's three things that improved our gross margin rate in the quarter. Some of those are temporal. Some of those are more permanent. I think what is encouraging within our gross margin performance is the fact that our cost control element across our manufacturing platform was really strong. We expect that to continue to be a focus. Keep in mind that our commodity volume is very back half weighted. Commodity, as you know, carries, because of our profit share, carries a very low gross margin rate. So that mix will reverse itself in the back half of the year, compressing and putting pressure on our gross margin rate. So you should expect that dynamic to occur as that product plays itself out through 2024.

Thank you very much. All right, let's go to the next question.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Vamil Daivan with Guggenheim Securities. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for taking the questions and congratulations on the quarter. The two products I want to just kind of touch on in terms of on the newer gross drivers. So one is NERTEC, which came in a little bit lighter than we expected. Obviously, the first quarter there tends to be impacted a lot by gross to net. I'm just trying to understand if you can just give a little more detail on what the dynamics on the quarter and any sort of change to your sort of expectation on that product outlook. And then the second one on the myeloma site, Orexio, just noticed in your slide presentation that used to be listed under the sort of key growth drivers in prior quarters. This year on slide nine, when you show your key growth drivers, it's no longer listed there. So I'm just curious if that was It looks like it was an intentional change. I'm just curious sort of what drove the decision or moved that from the group of key growth drivers.

Thank you very much, Amir.

Amir, Nurtec, and then Chris, my lawman. Thanks for the question, Vamil. So I'm happy to talk a little bit about NeurTech. You know, we'd like to accelerate the momentum of NeurTech, and we're taking several steps to do that. For the quarter itself, what we're encouraged by is the demand and the volumes that we saw. And then on the flip side, as you already alluded to, The performance in the quarter was impacted by gross to net. So on demand, a few points to just keep in mind. NERTEC continued its market leadership within the class with a 49% TRX share, and that was up 28% from Q1 of last year. Secondly, NBRX share, which we keep a very close eye on, that volume as a whole hit its high point since we closed the Biohaven acquisition at the end of 22. So that was up versus last year, but also importantly up versus Q4 of 23. And there were about 11,000 new Neurotech writers in Q1. And this is 90% of all the new writers within the oral CGRP class. So there's a lot about the volume and the demand that we're encouraged by. Now, on gross to net, there were three issues this quarter. One is you typically tend to see this dynamic in the first quarter of every year. We saw that last year, too, just given the benefit design dynamics. Secondly, we did have some pair mix issues between government and commercial channels this quarter. And then finally, there was an unfavorable one-time prior period adjustment to our GTNs in Q1. Your question about the rest of the year, for Neurotech, we expect continued growth. We've talked about the fact that the fundamentals in terms of untreated patients and undertreated patients remain strong. We also think that some of the gross to net that I described is going to be temporal and will slowly abate over the course of the rest of the year. And then we have made a number of changes in our commercial execution in terms of what we're doing with patient engagement and focusing our field force resources on physician awareness in a different way and also working to reduce friction for patient access. So overall, we do expect continued growth from NeurTech in the balance of 2014.

Thank you.

Chris, about the RxField? Thank you, Albert. So the reason Albert didn't list Alrexia as a major growth driver, just to remind, so he pointed out Lobrena, Xtandia and Patsy as the immediate biggest growth drivers for oncology. But we're absolutely confident that Alrexia will become over the top. over the next couple of months and years, a major driver for oncology. Just a reminder, we've seen very promising efficacy data in highly refractory patient populations with deep endural responses. And we've reported the longest reported medium progressive free survival in the recurrent relapse refractory setting of 17.2 months. Now, of course, recognizing there's no definitive conclusion because there's no head-to-head studies. We currently encourage, but what we've seen with the uptake The bulk of new patients starts as we have planned, and we remain very optimistic for the future from the current indication, as well as from the future indications. And a reminder that we have four ongoing registrational studies, and the next 12 months, the first phase three study will read out the MM5 study. We've also recently received J-code for access, and we smoothened reimbursement process and continue to gain favorable positions on various pathways, and in some, the most favorable pathways. Looking forward to update you very soon on more things from El Rexfiel. Thank you, Chris.

Maybe, Alexander, you have anything to add about the product in international markets? Yes, on El Rexfiel, we actually have, we're progressing very nicely because, as you know, we got approval in Europe in December of 2023 and in the UK in January and in Japan. in March 2024. So we are now moving into reimbursements and we got early access considering the clinical profile, the exceptional clinical profile of the product. So that's why we got in some market early access and that's why we started doing sales in the first quarter. But we are very satisfied that we could close the time to market gap versus competitor. And in some cases, like in Japan, we actually indeed became first in class approved. So now we are moving into a reimbursement discussion and introduction of the product later in the year.

Overall, in most international markets, there is a gap between the approval and the access grant. But because of the profile of the product, we saw early access, which is basically something that happens on an exceptional base. Some countries, before they approve the price, they are allowing you to have access to your own price and then they can be adjusted. But there's a very good science for this product. We are really feeling very bullish when we see the clinical profile and the opinions of the keeping on it. Thank you. Let's move now to the next question, please.

We'll take our next question from Dave Reisinger with LearNIC Partners. Your line is open.

Yes, thanks very much. So how many questions am I allowed to ask?

You, Dave, you don't have a limit.

Very kind of you, Albert. Okay. So I have, I'll keep it to two. So first, regarding the company's cost structure, I'm just trying to get a sense of whether it bottomed out in the first quarter. or if there are additional cost reductions ahead after March 30th, such that the cost structure of the company is coming down after the first quarter. And then second, with respect to Vindiquil, I appreciate the comments in response to the question earlier, but I'm just trying to get a little bit better understanding of how to think about it. So there was a comment about Patent term extension potentially applying beyond December of 28. So if Pfizer is successful, what would the date be instead of December 28 for the U.S.? And then for the EU, the comment was November of 26. But I've heard that there was a positive EU patent development, and I'm trying to understand that. what that would extend the EU to. Thanks so much.

Thank you very much, Dave. So, Dendro, please, you take the cost structure.

First, as you well know, right-sizing our cost structure is incredibly important for us as we think forward for margin expansion and improving our financial returns. As we look through Q1 and through the balance of the year, keep in mind that the cost changes that we've made in the U.S. are largely complete. Obviously, in X U.S., some of those changes lag. So you will see changes in the cost structure X U.S. for the balance of the year. Those are probably not quite as large as we look forward compared to what has already happened at this point. But I will just say that this will be a constant focus for us as we think about cost and margin enhancements going forward. This is a now we're on a continual cycle of thinking about how we invest and what is the appropriate cost structure in support of our revenue objectives for this business going forward.

Thank you, Dave. And Doug, can you please clarify a few things about Bintaco to Dave's question?

Sure. Just to be clear, Dave, We shouldn't think beyond December 2028 on Vindica and Vindimax. So we've got a patent term extension that is filed and is pending. And all I was saying was that in addition to that patent term extension, which would take it out to December 2028, that we filed and is pending, we may file additional patent term extensions later. Again, though, just to take it out to December 2028. I hope that's clear.

Thank you for clarifying that. Okay, now let's go to the next question, please.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Chirong Hamel with UBS. Your line is now open.

Hi, guys. Chirong Win from UBS. Thanks for taking my questions. One on the ACIP meeting coming up and just a clarification on the guide, if I may. So on ACIP in June, what's your expectations on the recommendation for the 50 to 59 population? Could this be a shared clinical decision like the 60 plus? Would you think this is going to be risk-based? Is there any chance you can get the 18 to 59 data on the agenda for this meeting? And just on the guide, a clarification here, on the credit for the quarter, because you've kept your $3 billion guide for PACS. I appreciate the comment you're now going to be at the upper end of guide, but on PACS, do you expect to have 770 million less PACS sales than you imagined at the start of the year, given that you updated your EPS guide, or was this expected? Thanks.

Well, maybe I'll take that first. From a guide perspective, we obviously did not expect this final adjustment. It was an estimate that we did at the end of the year. We're now finalizing the adjustment based on the returns that we've seen, and it is now complete. I would say that as we look forward for the full year, both for Paxlovid and for the full year of all of our products, we're cautiously optimistic about where we are. I think Paxlovid started off from a very solid utilization. And keep in mind, that product will trend consistent with infection rates across the globe. And we're still cautiously optimistic that we will achieve our objective. And we do not expect anything less than our original expectation at this point in time.

Thank you, David. And Michael, on the ACIP meetings and the June-October recommendations, et cetera.

Yeah. First, to punctuate, good to hear you're interested in our RSV vaccine. We have a lot of positive and informative data sets coming in. 18 to 59, we have already been out sharing robust outcome for that, and filing is imminent to happen in USFDA. We also have data coming on second season, full second season, and data so far that have been available show robust and robust probably best in class profile for us. And you heard Amir mention, we also have new delivery formats. So there's a lot of positive things happening to further strengthen Abristo. For a formal decision on recommendation, ASIC normally wait until a product is FDA approved. We don't know exactly when FDA will potentially approve. We think clearly given this unique age range that it can happen to be meaningful for the fall, but that needs to be, of course, pending FDA's views. But we will certainly be very open to share data from several of these new important data sets that could help ACIP to understand the planning of the various RSV products. And we think that would be very helpful for ACIP as a brief data set or robust and in some sense unique in a positive way.

Thank you. In general, a couple of comments for those both of these questions on the ACIP. We always don't speak for ACIP. So it's not appropriate. So ACIP will do what they think to do. Of course, typically, as we say, they wait to see FDA approvals. And we hope that they will ask us to present the data in the June. But, you know, it's something that we don't know. What we know is that whatever they decide, whenever they decide. We have prepared our marketing and commercial plans in the US, as we do, of course, in other countries, so that we can maximize the approvals or the recommendations or the data that we have available. So that's one thing. The other thing, David explained that we are cautiously optimistic. Of course, that comes through the entire line of guidance that we gave. We are cautiously optimistic on revenues, cautiously optimistic on margins, and of course, we improve, again, cautiously, we think, the EPS. You need to see all of that in the context that, guys, we have been there last year with a big misalignment between what we were expecting to come for COVID and eventually what came. And that is something that makes us be double cautious. When we speak about projections, we know credibility is extremely important for us. So everything we say, we feel a rocket solid that we will achieve. And we don't say anything more than that. We prefer to achieve rather than say. So that is a context to all the guidance that we have provided this time. So with that, let's go to the next question.

We'll take our next question from Umar Refit with Evercore ISI. Your line is now open.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. A couple of financial-focused questions, if I may. First, on gross margin, Dave, I remember last time you mentioned two specific things, insourcing of recently acquired products as well as new launches as being a drag on gross margin. Considering both those things were presumably baked into 1Q and 1Q looked more like what the historic margin build would have implied, wouldn't that suggest full-year margin is tracking meaningfully north of the full-year guidance of 70%? Or were there one-offs like some inventory work down from recent acquisitions in 1Q that helped it? And secondly, and maybe this is for you and Albert both, is there potential for a significant monetization trend? for some of your excess manufacturing capacity from over the years, be it fill finish or beyond, just considering what the broader environment is and some of the questions on dividend. Thank you very much.

I think David can take both of them.

Dave. Yes. On the gross margin side, as I said, there was a couple of things that impacted favorably our performance in Q1. The items that you listed, both new product launches and insourcing, the insourcing is probably a longer term implication to us because those don't happen in an immediate quarter. So you think about Cgen is probably a multi-year phenomenon that we have here. I don't think that was an outsized impact to that. And obviously the new launches, we plan for those to be, uh, compressing our gross margin rates of which they did. Um, um, I think we're off to a very solid start, but keep in mind what I said earlier in the back half of the year, commodity sales will begin to ramp up. They compress our gross margin rate fairly significantly given the, um, partner contribution and, um, payment that we have to our partner. So I would expect that to dampen our gross margin performance in the back half of the year. UMA, as you well know, is we're focused on over delivering if we can. So I think we will do everything we can to continue to improve our performance there. And then finally, as we think about the balance sheet, first and foremost, I just want to reiterate that our number one priority from a capital allocation perspective is both supporting and growing our dividend over time. And that is not at risk. Secondly, yes, we always look at the assets that we have across our platform and understand what's the best way to capitalize on those assets. And some of that may be monetizing some of that. Some of that may be operating them more effectively. So everything is on the table from that perspective.

Thank you, Dave. And although your answer was very complete, I will just reiterate something that you said because it seems like that some people, they want to hear it again. The dividend is a sacred cow for us. Dividend, it is secure and we will continue our policy on dividend as we have promised repeatedly. And we don't have to monetize things to be able to achieve that. The reason why we are looking at all our assets is because we want to maximize return on the capital. And of course, we will see opportunities. And when it makes sense, like the ones that you described, there is a serious now issue with the sterile capacity that people are looking to apply. We will look at everything, but it's not that we are looking right now on this, on that, because we need to support the dividend or we need to support the delivering opportunities or we need to support the investments in the business, right? We can do that without doing anything. Thank you very much. Let's go to the next question.

We'll take our next question from Jeff Meacham with Bank of America. Your line is now open.

Hey, everyone. Thanks for the question. Just have two quick ones. The first is now that Seagen has been fully integrated and you'll see some commercial leverage from the deal, would you expect to see more of a gradual impact on the PADSEV and et cetera trajectories looking out a few years? Or could you have a more near-term inflection? Then the second question, Dave Albert, the capital allocation commitment to the dividend is super clear. Would we view on slide 12 as dividend and deleveraging as the two highest priorities, or is Bolton BD still in the mix for this year or next? Thank you.

Let's go to Chris to understand the commercial impact on seeds and how that will take time.

Thank you very much. So as you know, we did a number of months planning prior to close to ensure we had a seamless integration and we completed cross-training of our commercial field force teams in January. especially for breast scans between trachea and eye brands, but also for hematology between Acetrus and AlrexVO. And we should start seeing that further playing out now over the coming months. As we've mentioned, we're obviously very pleased that there's been tremendous colic retention. So we haven't had an issue with colic retention, both from the legacy Pfizer and the legacy Cigen organization as we build a new business. We expect PADCET to continue to do well. There's significant enthusiasm from healthcare providers, from patients, from patient advocacy groups, because of the groundbreaking data, double the overall survival. So we are confident that we'll continue to see PADCET growth. We've also seen Tecaiza, for instance, 21% year-over-year pro forma basis growth. And in fact, the last quarter was the highest performance of Tecaiza. And so overall, great confidence. And we started the first new phase three study with an NME from the Seedion portfolio with Siegfried Attack. And we hope to update you on other phase three studies from the Seedion portfolio, legacy Seedion portfolio.

From my perspective, of course, we have invested so much into this business and we think that this is an area that we can make a huge difference to the world. I'm monitoring that very closely. I'm very impressed, actually. I would say, nicely surprised on the positive side, how well both on the Pfizer impact, the one plus one equals three rather than two, but already we have started seeing it both in the research organization because we are putting now a lot of phase three on start and you don't see, but I have high visibility on what's going on in earlier stages where we put a lot of stuff in the clinic and then Also in the commercial, you can see now stabilization of I-brands on the Pfizer side and then high growth of the C-gen assets, despite the fact that, as I said, you should expect a decline in the first six months. When you have an integration, always you have a decline. I haven't seen a single integration that we have done, but it didn't face challenges because people are changing territories, people are changing countries, Let's say jobs, marketeers are moving around. All of that creates, let's say, a disruption. Here, we have the opposite. We have a very, very strong growth on both sides. So I'm really, really pleased. Now, of course, cautiously optimistic. We'll take time to see the full benefit. But certainly under Chris' leadership and he has formed a terrific team, we are off to a very good start. Now, Dave, why don't you take us to the next question?

So as it relates to your question regarding capital allocation, clearly our first priority and number one priority is supporting both the dividend as well as delivering our balance sheet. So that is job one from my perspective. As it relates to bolt-on acquisitions in the near term, you would not expect us to do much there. That is a lower priority in the near term until we get ourselves. Hope that helps. Thank you. Next question, please.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Sherpa Javakonda with Truist. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. Thank you so much for taking my questions, and congrats on the progress. I have a question about your breast cancer franchise from the Eyebrands perspective. You have pivotal data from the Estrogen Receptor ProTag, the collaboration with the partnership with Arvinas expected later this year. What are your expectations for these data, and how important are these data for you to make decisions around either continuing or initiating septic combo phase three trials, like whether it's CDK4-6 combo or CDK4 combo or both of them. Thank you.

Thank you very much. Chris. Yeah, thank you very much for the question. Just a reminder to point out with iBrands that over 773,000 patients have now been treated globally with iBrands. So it is currently still the CDK4-6 leader. We're very excited about two programs, the Degastrant, which we believe would be best in class, Next Generation Estrogen Receptor Degrader, and also a termocycler. next-generation CDK4-specific inhibitor. For febdegastrant, as you point out, we'll get the data later this year for Veritac2, but we are planning additional studies at risk. You can expect to see first-line studies, both a first-line study with a termocyclib and standard of care endocrine therapy, as well as a termocyclib plus febdegastrant. And for a thermocycler, as you've seen in a heavily pre-treated population, we've seen an overall response rate of 32 percent with median progressive survival of 8.1 months. We're therefore highly encouraged and definitely very encouraged by the safety profile. And we see more continuous dosing, very good compliance and more complete coverage of CDK4. And that's why we're confident to accelerate CDK4 into a registration strategy. And the first study has already started, as you know, the second line study. Thank you, Chris. Next question, please.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Carter Gould with Barclays. Your line is open.

Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to ask a follow-up, as I think it's important, and I fully respect the focus on 24 and Albert's commentary on conservatism around guidance, but to come back to the IRA impact for thinking about 25, when do you think you'll be in a better position to comment a little bit under, you know, your contracting discussions are underway now, pretty late in the earnings season here and most of your peers have already made comments and your Part D exposure isn't exactly a surprise. So any color there on timeline would be helpful. And I guess for David, you've talked about the operating margin improvement being sort of multi-year process. Is there a risk that the IRA sort of presents a little bit of a hiccup to that in 25? Thank you.

Thank you. Amir, do you have any comments on that? Sure. So, Carter, I think you heard us describe the dynamics. And, you know, later this year, we will have more clarity on what that means. And so we can certainly share that. I think there's also a specific question that comes up often about Eloquist. So let me just address that now, because we're clearly in a live negotiation on that. DMS, our alliance partner, is leading that process. You've heard them describe and we also described that there will be transparency around the outcome of that for impact in 26 in the September timeframe. And so at that point, we'll be in a position to share more.

Yes, and I guess as it relates to 2025 and the impact of the IRA from a margin expansion perspective, I would say without giving any specifics on that is as we look forward, we obviously run multiple scenarios around how our business might perform. And in those scenarios, we would model different impacts to the IRA because it's still unclear because it's still a lot of moving parts specifically as we just spoke about. Under those scenarios, we will work hard to offset any implication we might have through improving our cost structure.

And I want on the RIA also to set something that clearly in 2025, we will have two events are happening, which are we will have to contribute to as pharmaceutical industry so that we put pressure on the pricing, let's say. But also because of the significant pains in the out-of-pocket dynamics and which i hope that will be implemented as the law says immediately because i'm hearing uh efforts to try to play with that but uh if that is the case which we are certain because that's the law uh we will see significant world update right for everyone not for us of course for everyone because there is huge number of abandonment that is happening at the pharmacy level when people are asked to pay this very high out-of-pocket, particularly the first one quarter and maybe two when they need to exhaust their, let's say, their co-pays or their deductible. So that, I think, dynamic, you know that the industry always asks that we contribute to the out-of-pocket payments as long as the patients are paying less because there is a significant benefit for all, for the healthcare system, for the patients, for us. And so I'm not that concerned about that for the industry as a whole. I'm very concerned for the industry as a whole with the mandatory cost reductions. There is no negotiation there. They're just cutting prices that are occurring. for biologics and for small molecules particularly. One good thing for us, it is first of all that we have good exposure on vaccines, that they are not part of that. Actually, they are benefiting from the IRA because there is no co-sharing. So we can see that in the volumes again. But on the small molecules, where we do have exposure, I would say that we were lucky. Only one product was selected for 26. We would have three or four, and only one was selected. So, as Amir said, we will wait to see. We know, of course, but we can't discuss in the middle of negotiations about anything that is happening. So, we'll see the impact of whatever that is in 2026. Then, if next year they bring some of the other products that they could be included and they were not in this year, that would be the Ibrans of the world, that would be the Xtandis, Elzens. Those are products that anyway they are approaching their LOE. So, even if they come into the IRA, The NPV risk that we have in place is not that big, because really we'll cut the price for something that will not be for a very lengthy period of time, but will be for a smaller than others period of time. This doesn't mean that this is not very bad for the industry and for innovation, and we're clearly opposing it. We'll try whatever we can to defend it. Let's go to the next question, because we are running out of time.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Rajesh Kumar with HSBC. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. First question is, you very helpfully provided some color on the gross margin. What are the, you know, takes and puts there? If we look at your early 70s guidance and the gross margin you've achieved in Q1, Do we see below 70s gross margin at some point in some quarter this year, or you sort of will get to early 70s throughout the year, maintaining over 70% margin? And then the bit which is quite difficult to work out from the disclosures is how did the PACS low weight number impact the gross margin? So any help there so that we can model that right? would be much appreciated.

Great. So, yes, I think we just gave some color around gross margin being closer to 70 versus closer to 80% when we entered 2024. We are maintaining that color at this point in time. I would say that it's unlikely for our gross margin rate to fall below 70% in any given quarter, but I want to just emphasize the gross margin rate will fluctuate a bit primarily given the mix of sales specifically within the vaccine portfolio, which carries a lower gross margin, number one. Number two, when you look at our performance for gross margin in Q1, the dominant effect of that versus last year is the mix, the lower sales volume of commodity in the quarter in Q1 versus last year's Q1. Obviously, the Final adjustment of the Paxlovid reserve actually did also have a one-time positive impact on the gross margin rate in Q1, but that was less of an impact compared to the mix. So I hope that helps.

And also I want to emphasize that on Paxlovid, what really makes me pleased is the underlying demand. of the product, right? So it was, it approached approximately the first quarter only in the US, 2 million scripts, right? So that's significant. And keep in mind that this was the quarter that we moved from a previous way of go-to-market approach to a commercial model, right? That had a lot of milestones in execution, but we didn't step into any of that. So it was, again, I'm very pleased how Amir and Keith, the US team, executed on that meticulous execution. So we had a very smooth transition. with very low copation on commercial plants for the vast majority of the insured lives. And then at the same time, very good execution with thousands of pharmacists participating, almost 90,000 pharmacists, if I remember well, 90% of the pharmacists participating into the Medicare part. And that went extremely well. And also I want to remind that the Medicare part That goes clearly with different price level because it's through the credit of the U.S. government compared to the commercial plans that they are at the 1,000. It's a different list price. And that difference exists for this year on. Next year, everybody moves to the list price and, of course, the discounts that we give plan by plan. Let's go over to the next question.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Chris Shubutani with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Thank you. Two questions if I may. The first on pneumococcal vaccines with Prevnar as well. Last quarter you provided some commentary about your thoughts on the tone of the markets, particularly for adults being somewhat more mature. And obviously competition is coming across the different categories, adult and pediatrics. Can you comment about your view given that performance was relatively strong and how you're preparing for competition? The second question I have is on commercial models. there has been some nascent efforts in the industry to go more direct to consumers. I cite, for instance, for instance, Lilly has a Lilly Direct for their obesity products. Amir, I'm curious about your thoughts about integrating this type of approach, particularly as I think about certain product categories that you have, like migraines and NERTEC. How might this work? Where is Pfizer in terms of exploring these opportunities? Thank you.

Amir. Okay, Chris, thanks for the question. So, on Prevnar, you alluded to the commentary we provided around dimensionalizing the market, and I think it's worthwhile just reiterating that. So, the adult market continues to contract, and that's for two reasons. There are increasingly fewer eligible 65 plus adults, and then the 19 to 64 underlying medical conditions population is obviously more difficult to activate. That is a dynamic that is true for our business, but it's also true for any competitor that's going to come into the adult vaccine market. So I think that's important to note. Now, for our overall franchise, we continue to expect growth. We did very nicely in Q1. We saw 6% growth. And the big driver of that is increased uptakes as well as market share growth in the pediatrics segment. So pediatrics in Q1, we saw a lot of conversion, PCV13 to 20%. And our share exiting Q1 was at 80%. And that was from 71% at the time of launch of PCV15. So we see good momentum on pediatrics. Now back to your question about the adult segment and competition. We're continuing to see very good performance where we are. We have 98% market share. We acknowledge that V116 is coming. And as Albert alluded to earlier, we're not going to speculate on what the regulatory outcomes or recommendations are going to be. But there are a number of things that we can do to defend our business in the adult segment. Firstly, we have a portfolio approach to contracting that we're deploying in the retail setting, but also in the non-retail setting. And it's also important to note that in the non-retail setting, many organized customers have a preference for workflow management to stock one vaccine that satisfies all the current ACEF recommendations. So until we know more, I think the best way to defend our share in the adult segment is to continue to do what we're doing, and that's to be laser focused on maximizing the opportunity that we have in the adult segment, albeit contracting, and then continue to drive growth in pediatrics. On your second question around consumers, look, engaging and activating consumers is, as you pointed out, a very, very important part of our business. It's true in vaccines. It's true in categories like Paxlovid and Nertec, just to name a few examples. And we're always looking at ways to enhance that connection. You know, one example I'll point to is the work that we've done on Vax Assist as a mechanism to help consumers determine their vaccine eligibility, but also book appointments. And that's a really good example of value that we can bring. And to the extent that we can do more of that, create value for patients as well as for our business and other categories, we'll certainly look to explore that. Alexander, very quickly, anything on PCV in international markets?

Yeah, no, we had a great quarter. As you know, we grew by 8% operationally. But more importantly, we also have achieved some key milestones. So we got the European approval of Pediatric Premdart 20 in Europe. We also got it approved in Japan, which is a very important market, and Australia and many others. So this is great because then we want to build on the very successful Premdart 30 franchise market. around the world as you know we have exclusive nip status in 130 market and now we're going to be able to build on that just one comment on the adults we still are in the process of getting btc recommendation in most of the european market but where we got it in Germany and in France, we see very nice pick up. And why? Because they extended the population covered by the Prevenat 20 adults. For instance, in Germany, STICO gave us 18 to 59 population at risk and all comers 60 and above. And since that, and we got this recommendation in February, we get very nice pick up and utilization in Germany and we are about to launch in France as we speak. So in adults as well, we see a great potential of growth.

It's a very nice cadence of approval and a very nice cadence of recommendations. Next question, please.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Mohit Bansal with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Great. Thank you very much for taking my question. Maybe a question for Dave. Just wanted to understand The cadence of margin improvement as you are embarking on the cost management journey throughout the year, because you had a really high EPS because of the one-time item. But if you think about margin profile over the year, how should we think about it? I understand fourth quarter could be impacted with the community revenues. And then when we get into 2025, should we think about... better leverage or do you think there could be more opportunity to reduce expenses in 25 as well? Thank you.

Yeah, thank you for the question. I would say that without giving – since we don't guide to quarterly expectations for gross margin, I would just say that the focus that we have around improving our cost of goods sold is a multi-year journey. And these costs that we are working to improve take time to adjust and to – further implement ways to be more effective and efficient in this infrastructure. So I wouldn't think of that having a significant impact on 2024, but more, if it would, it'd be late 2024, but more 2025 and 2026. But more to come as we know more and as we develop our plans more specifically, we'll be certain to share some specifics around that. Thank you. Next question, please.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Chris Schott with J.P. Morgan. Your line is open.

Great. Just two ones for me here. Just on Brisbane, just really quickly following up on the earlier commentary, can you just update us on where we are in terms of contracting efforts and progress in the retail channel, just addressing some of the market share issues you highlighted last year? I guess my specific question is, do you have line of sight on contracting at this point, or is that still something that's going to evolve as the year progresses? And then the second quick one was just on Vendiquil, obviously very strong numbers. Maybe just a quick update in terms of where we are with penetration in that market and where do we, how much higher can this go? How much more of a growth runway is there for that drug? Thank you.

Thanks, Chris. So on the Brisbane, as I said, we're progressing our contracting conversations. So we'll have more to share on that as we do later. And in terms of your question on Vinda, Vinda had a really strong quarter. We were up 96% year over year, but importantly also 41% over last quarter. When you look at the drivers, I think there's a few things. Some of that is temporal. So there were some purchasing patterns with wholesaler and specialty pharmacies. And we also made a lot of efforts towards the end of last year to ensure that the re-enrollment process for patients was very smooth at the beginning of this year. So all of that leads to a little bit of a Q1 bolus. But importantly, at the heart of it, part of our strong performance on Vinda is that the fundamentals around diagnosis and demand are really strong. So we saw a 33 percent quarter over quarter increase in new patient starts. And diagnosis rates, you know, over the last several years, we had talked about getting into the 30 to 50 percent range. We're approaching the top end of that. And there is still significant opportunity to identify more patients. That's the biggest unmet need. And that's where we're concentrating our commercial efforts going forward. So we do think that we will sustain this momentum, probably not at the same rate that we saw in Q1, but we will continue to perform well with Vinda. Thank you, Alexander.

Anything to add? Yeah, very quickly on the international front, we also had a very strong quarter because we saw a 28% operational growth, but a 43% volume growth, which is comparable to what we see in the U.S. Exactly as Amir said, there is still opportunity because we basically have established Vindicwell as the standard of care. We've worked with the healthcare professional to establish robust infrastructure so that we can screen, diagnose, and treat faster. And the reality is we still have opportunity to grow because, yes, in markets like France, we are approaching 50%, but in others like Italy, we are around 30%, Japan, 28%. So there is still opportunity to grow in increased diagnosis rates.

Thank you very much. Next question. We'll take two more questions because we are running out of time. So next question, please.

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Tim Anderson with Wolf Research. Your line is open.

Tim? Yeah. Can you hear me? Yes. Yeah. So it's a busy pipeline readout year. I'm wondering, Michael, can you just point to perhaps the one or two bigger upcoming readouts that excite you the most or your confidence as high as it could be value creating. So I'm not looking for a description of everything you're reading out, just maybe one or two that excite you the most.

Thank you. Mike, excite us all.

Yeah. Yeah. Um, I'm excited about the, um, potential approval for Mastazumab for both hemophilia A and B to continue to grow our hematology franchise momentum. Um, D&D gene therapy, we, um, Actually, today got the equivalent or breakthrough designation, RMAT, based on the early clinical data available. So we are super excited about that. And relatively near term, the readout is coming. COVID flu combination vaccine, 1859 readout, phase three. And then one mid-pipeline, Ponsegrumab Carchexia, which I think pending readout has really breakthrough mechanisms.

That's fantastic. Anything from your side, Chris? Perhaps just to mention again the potential unprecedented new five-year data for Lorbrenna, which will be presented orally at ASCO, and we could define the growth of Lorbrenna over the next decade. There's two other upcoming readouts. It must be good if you are talking to that. And there's two other... readouts that's important to us. The one is Breakwater, which is the first-line opportunity in BRAF-positive colorectal cancer, a reminder that that's up to 12% of colorectal cancer, particularly poor prognosis, so we're looking forward to that readout, Breakwater, and then also, as mentioned earlier, Veritac2 in second-line ER-positive breast cancer, which can define, also help to define the future path for Benetech as well.

Thank you very much. And the last question, please.

Thank you. Our last question will come from Steve Scala with TD Catwin. Your line is now open.

Thank you. I have two questions. In the Pfizer mRNA flu vaccine efficacy trial, was superior efficacy versus approved flu vaccine shown in the 65 plus cohort? This data was to have been presented last year, but I don't believe we've ever gotten an update. And then secondly, your interest in obesity more broadly, So the outlook for Daniel Glipron is not good. Boltons don't look likely. And this is just one very simple data point. There are postings on Pfizer.com for obesity clinical lead positions suggesting something is moving forward. So what exactly is moving forward in obesity at Pfizer? Thank you.

Yes. On the obesity end, Michael also can comment, of course, together with the mRNA flu vaccine. But I said multiple times that, first of all, metabolic is an area that would have traditionally very big strength in terms of research. And this is an area that we have the right to win. So we are strong and we keep investing in the whole area because we have the infrastructure. And obesity is a very big part of it, given the magnitude of the market. So we will be very active in the obesity with current mechanisms of actions and new mechanisms of actions. We said repeatedly that we had three agents right now in the clinic and we have multiple that are preclinical. that we are progressing. But we don't have anything to say, per se, right now, because on that we are waiting for some of the data, and for the other ones, it's too early to speak about them. So that's why we are not commending much of that. And we will, let's say, continue being very active in the obesity space, one way or another. Now, what about the mRNA flu vaccine, and anything you want to add also to the obesity, Michael?

I think you said it so well on obesity. I'll focus on the mRNA vaccine and just say that, you know, we did share that we had a very robust payable data for 18 to 59 in the outcome event trial on the first generation flu mRNA platform. We actually further refined that product. In order to expand activity against these serotypes, although the disease is dominated by A, we saw an opportunity to do that. And that technology is now with the COVID flu combo vaccine running for 18 to 59 years old and relatively soon will have a readout. We think that's really the near-term opportunity to bring both of the variant viruses under one simple administration approach. For the 65 plus, what you referred to was an early trial with the first generation. We have now moved focus to the second generation and are in preparation of subsequent clinical studies on that.

Thank you, Michael. So thank you, operator, and thank you, everyone, for your interest. That was a very good call. In summary, we are very pleased with a solid start in 2024. We are cautiously optimistic about the year ahead. And with our continued progress in executing our five priorities, we are confident that we will continue to deliver for our patients, shareholders, and our company. Thank you again for your interest in Pfizer, and we hope you have a wonderful week. Thank you.

Thank you. This does conclude today's program. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect at any time, and have a wonderful day.