Packaging Corporation of America

Thank you for joining Packaging Corporation of America's second quarter of 2025 Earnings Results Conference Call. Your host today will be Mark Kolzan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PCA. Upon conclusion of his narrative, there will be a question and answer session. I'll now turn the conference call over to Mr. Kolzan. Please proceed when you're ready.

Thank you, Joe. Good morning, everyone, and thank you all for participating. participating in Packaging Corporation of America's second quarter 2025 earnings release conference call today. I'm Mark Holzan, Chairman and CEO of PCA, and with me on the call today is Tom Hasfurther, President, and Kent Flutterer, our Chief Financial Officer. I'll begin the call with an overview of our second quarter results, and then I'm going to be turning the call over to Tom and Kent, who will provide further details. I'll be then wrapping things up, and then we'll be glad to take questions. Yesterday, we reported second quarter net income of $242 million or $2.67 per share. Excluding the special items, second quarter 2025 net income was $224 million or $2.48 per share compared to the second quarter of 2024 net income of $199 million or $2.20 per share. Second quarter net sales were $2.2 billion in 2025 and $2.1 billion in 2024. Total company EBITDA for the second quarter, excluding the special items, was $451 million in 2025 and $404 million in 2024. Second quarter net income included special items income of 19 cents per share primarily for gains on the sale of real estate for corrugated products facilities that were previously closed, which were partially offset by costs relating to the pending acquisition of Greif Container Board business. Details of the special items for both the second quarter of 2025 and 2024 were included in the schedules that accompanied our earnings press release. Excluding the special items, the $0.28 per share increase in second quarter 2025 earnings compared to the second quarter of 2024, was driven primarily by higher prices and mix in the packaging segment for 98 cents, lower fiber costs, 13 cents, higher prices and mix in the paper segment, 4 cents, and a lower tax rate for 2 cents. Partially offsetting these improvements were higher operating costs of 30 cents and higher annual outage expenses, with the change in the timing of the Filer City outage from later in the year, which we moved up to the second quarter. Other offsetting factors included lower production and export sales volume in the packaging segment for $0.13, higher depreciation expense $0.10, higher fixed and other expense $0.09, lower paper segment volume $0.02, higher freight expense $0.02, and higher interest expense $0.02. The results were $0.07 above the second quarter guidance of $2.41 per share, primarily due to lower operating costs and lower fiber costs. Looking at the packaging business, EBITDA excluding special items in the second quarter of 2025 of $453 million with sales of $2 billion resulted in a margin of 22.6% versus last year's EBITDA of $400 million and sales of $1.9 billion or Corrugated products price and volume were generally consistent with our expectations, and as expected, export container board sales were lower. We ran to demand during the quarter, producing 85,000 fewer tons of container board than the second quarter of 2024 and 55,000 tons fewer tons of container board than the first quarter of 2025. We drew down 17,000 tons of container board inventory from the end of the first quarter, putting us in excellent shape for the rest of the year. We operated exceptionally well during the quarter in all aspects of our business to control our operating costs, helping offset the effects of continued inflationary pressures across our cost structure, as well as the negative effects of lower container board production. Our employees continued to perform at the highest level, delivering cost and efficiency improvements, outstanding sales performance, and capital project execution to deliver best-in-class results. On a strategic front, we're very pleased to have announced our agreement to acquire the Greif Container Board business and look forward to working with our new colleagues and serving our new customers at the highest level. It is a well-capitalized business that complements us nicely and will provide us with a very good growth platform for both container board and corrugated products. We're targeting completion of the transaction by the end of the third quarter, subject, obviously, to customary conditions, including regulatory approval. I'll now turn the call over to Tom, who will provide further details on container board sales and corrugated business in general. Thanks, Mark.

The performance of the packaging business was largely as we expected, and it was a very strong quarter. We fully realized our earlier announced price increases and domestic container board and corrugated products prices and mix were were $0.95 per share above the second quarter of 2024 and up $0.41 per share compared to the first quarter of 2025. Export container board prices were up $0.03 per share versus last year's second quarter and up $0.01 per share compared to the first quarter of 2025. While customer ordering patterns remain somewhat cautious, corrugated demand remains solid and steady throughout the quarter. Shipments per day in our corrugated products plants were up 1.7% versus last year's very strong second quarter when per day shipments were up more than 9% over the previous year. So it was a pretty tough comparable. Shipments also exceeded the first quarter of 2025. Total shipments were flat with 2024, which had one more workday. Our continued sales growth and full realization of our price increases helped drive higher margin performance in the packaging segment. As expected, Outside sales volume of Container Board was down 30,000 tons from the first quarter of 2025 and down 24,000 tons from the second quarter of 2024. While domestic sales have been on plan, even with relatively low exposure to China and Europe, we've seen noticeably lower export sales with the global trade tensions overhanging the market. I'd like to echo Mark's commentary on the pending Greif acquisition. We see tremendous strategic opportunities with the acquired business. and a corrugated network that would be great potential to expand in areas where we would have needed to deploy considerable additional capital to grow and where Greif has well-capitalized facilities. The business provides a complementary product offering and longstanding customers with deep relationships who we look forward to serving. Perhaps most importantly, this will be a great cultural fit with PCA, particularly with our shared dedication to serving the needs of our customers. And I'll turn it back to Mark.

Thanks, Tom. Looking at the paper segment, EBITDA excluding special items in the second quarter was $30 million with sales of $146 million or a 20.8% margin compared to the second quarter of 2024's EBITDA of $31 million and sales of $150 million or a 20.4% margin. We successfully and safely completed our maintenance outage at the International Falls Mill in June, which affected our volumes. Sales volume was 5% below the second quarter of 2024 and 7% below the first quarter of 2025. We've completed the implementation of our price increases during the quarter with paper prices and mix up 3% from the second quarter of 2024 and 1% from the first quarter of 2025. I'll now turn it over to Kent. Thanks, Mark.

Cash provided by operations was $300 million in the quarter, and free cash flow was $130 million. The primary payments of cash during the quarter included capital expenditures of $170 million, dividends of $112 million, and federal income tax payments of $109 million. Our quarter-end cash balance, including marketable securities, was $956 million, with taking into account revolver availability liquidity of approximately $1.3 billion. I'll now turn it back over to Mark.

Thank you, Kent. For our third quarter, profitable volume is going to be the key driver, as it will affect our mill production and cost absorption. While we saw corrugated customers remain cautious in June into early July, Over the last couple of weeks, we've seen steady improvement with our bookings and shipments as July has progressed, which we expect to continue for the remainder of the quarter. Therefore, we expect higher corrugated shipments, which will deliver higher container board production across our mill system. However, we will continue to see lower export container board sales driven by the global trade environment. We will build some more inventory ahead of the fourth quarter deritter maintenance outage that's planned. We expect prices and mix in the packaging segment to remain relatively flat. In the paper segment, we expect flat pricing and higher production and sales volume with the completion of the International Falls outage in June, which impacted the second quarter as well as seasonal back to school orders. We have no scheduled maintenance outages during the third quarter and expect maintenance outage expense to be lower. Freight costs will be higher with the full effect of the rail rate increases at our mills Operating costs will be near second quarter levels, and fiber costs will be slightly lower. Considering these items, we expect third quarter earnings of $2.80 per share, excluding special items. Our guidance does not include any possible impact on the pending acquisition of the Greif Container Board business, which is subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, including regulatory approval. And with that, I would be happy to entertain any questions, but I must remind you that some of the statements we've made on the call today constituted forward-looking statements. The statements were based on current estimates, expectations, and projections of the company and do involve inherent risks and uncertainties, including the direction of the economy and those identified as risk factors in our annual report on Form 10-K, which is on file with the SEC. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. And with that, Joe, I'd like to have you go ahead and open up the call, and we'll take questions.

Thank you. To ask a question, please press star the 1 on your telephone keypad. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. And to withdraw a question, you may press star then 2. We will now take our first question from George Staphos with Bank of America. Please go ahead with your question.

Thanks very much. Hi, everyone. Good morning. Thanks for the details.

Morning.

A couple questions for me, Mark. First of all, can you or Tom talk a little bit about traditionally your comment on bookings and billings to start the new quarter? What are you seeing there? And you mentioned that you were better than expected on guidance in the second quarter on operations and fiber costs. And while that gives us some color, if you can give us a little bit more detail in terms of what was behind the better performance, and I have one quick follow-on.

Good. I'll let Tom talk about where we are with cut-up.

Yeah, George, bookings right now are trending at 2% over the Q2 of 2024, which is a very good start considering the enormous increase we had in the third quarter of last year. So I remind everybody we've got some very, very tough comps. But interestingly enough, you know, as the last quarter really kind of, you know, tailed off a little bit in volume, we're starting out this quarter sequentially looking about 10% above what we did in the last month of 2025. So, you know, I think things are looking pretty decent.

And, George, regarding the second part of your question with the operations, there are two things. One, as you would expect, we operated at extremely high efficiencies, approximately 99% uptime performance across the system. But, in fact, if you think about that we did run to demand, so we had a couple of the smaller machines down during the quarter, one at Filer and one out at Wallula. And so with that, there was obviously the uncertainty about how the operating costs would look. And, in fact, the organization executed extremely well and were able to really run the mills very efficiently in spite of having some of the operations down for lack of demand. And so we're very pleased with the outcome from the organization's efforts. That's really what was going on.

Thanks, Mark. The last one for me, you know, when we look at, you know, revenue per ton and EBITDA per ton, they were up year on year. They're up a little bit versus where we were forecasting, which is, you know, neither here nor there. You know, I mean, we should have had a little bit higher forecast. But was that just a function of mixed, i.e., there was less external sales because you had pulled back some of, as you said, you took some downtime at Filer and at Wallula? Was mixed more or less comparable to across the box system, or did you actually see a bit of an uptick, and could you provide some narrative in terms of, you know, the whys and wherefores there? Thanks very much, and good luck in the quarter.

Hey, George, this is Tom. I'll handle this. No, I wouldn't really say it's a function of mix. It's a function of a number of different things. Primarily, if you think about the fact that, and I'm going to remind everybody what we've talked about many, many times regarding price increases, When we go into price increase mode, we're in total price increase mode. That's where we are. And so you're seeing that reflected in not only the revenue per ton, but also the EBITDA per ton, if that's the way you want to measure it. And we're certainly in our margins. So I think any sales that are down, i.e. export, would have helped contribute to that revenue and EBITDA. So when those do come back and we get some of the global issues behind us, that's a good upside for us.

Thank you very much.

Thanks, George. Next question, please.

Our next question will come from Mike Roxland with Truist. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Mark, Tom, and Kent for taking my questions. First question, just wanted to follow up. You said, you know, it sounded like box shipments sort of faded in June. Wondering what's happened there. Is that a function of, you know, consumers increasing tariff concerns? I just wanted to understand how the trajectory of box shipments playing out during the quarter. And, Tom, you also sort of indicated, I want to make sure I heard this correctly, that bookings are up 10% versus the last month of QQ. If you could clarify that, thank you.

Yes, they are up 10% versus the last month of Q2. And so we're off to a good start in comparison. And remember, we're running at record volume rates as it is. So we've got to keep all that in mind. I think your question around why did it fade a little bit in the second quarter, I think you saw a little bit of that in the first quarter as well. I still think there's a lot of questions around tariffs and what's happened globally and everybody's just kind of waiting for something to, you know, that they can count on long-term. So we've got a lot of customers who are managing their inventories very closely. So we're seeing, you know, we're seeing some spikes and then some valleys, you know, during the quarter in terms of ordering patterns. And I think the other thing is, is you got to remember that there's, you know, there's a number of industries that, that have been quite impacted by just the global economy, the questions in the economy, those sorts of things. And so we've got some areas that are off, some segments that are off, automotive being one, building products being off very highly because of this housing market that's existed that's basically stagnant. And then in the food and beverage area, the salty snacks and the sugary beverages are obviously have been under some duress, and that's been in the news at lots of times. So you've got some puts and takes here, but we're still advancing and moving forward and feel good about where we are.

One of the indicators that I always look at in that regard, too, is what's our cut-up look like on Friday going into a Saturday period? In the last couple of weekends, we've seen a nice movement upward in the volume that's coming out of the plants on Fridays and Saturdays. So that's been, again, compared to the month of May into June when things had declined these last couple of weekends of the first Friday-Saturday periods we've seen that are really looking really strong.

Thank you, Mark, for that detail. Just one quick follow-up. In terms of auto being off, building products being off, food and bed being off, is that a 2Q phenomenon? Is that something that's been off all year and maybe last year? I'm just wondering if those people and markets have worsened relative to recent times. And then just one quick question on the Grife acquisition. You talk about the capital avoidance. that you'll be avoiding spending by acquiring those assets and any initial expectations on 2026 FX.

Thank you. I'll take the mic. I'll take this question. When you ask about automotive and building products and some of these other segments, some have gotten worse. Some have been kind of like that for quite some time. But even in the building products, as an example, I mean, that part of the industry has really struggled for quite some time now, as we've said here with these interest rates that some would argue are quite high and haven't quite opened up markets, if you will. So I think there's a tremendous upside for us relative to getting these tariffs behind us and some interest rate movement which will really catapult us going forward. Obviously, all of our assets are dedicated to America, and we'll be the ultimate winner out of this. So I think there's some really good upside for us there. And that kind of leads us into the Greif acquisition as well. So when we talk about capital avoidance, I want to remind everybody, and we've been talking about this for quite some time, that the capital intensity in this business is tremendous. And, you know, what used to be, you know, being able to put a box plant together for $100 million is now closer to $300 million. And Mill used to be $300 million on the cheap, and now it's going to cost you every bit of a billion dollars. So, you know, things have changed quite dramatically from a capital point of view. And, you know, so the number is quite significant for us in terms of capital avoidance with the Greif assets.

You know, the one example is the Dallas Metroplex region. We're currently finishing out a project in Ohio that will start up next summer, and then we'd already been looking at what we would be doing down in the Dallas region, which would have entailed more than likely building out a new very large plant down there, similar to what we just did in Arizona, what we're doing in Ohio. And yet with the acquisition with Greif, we've got the platform already sitting there that we can build out with just some of the converting equipment going into the new plant that Greif has down in Dallas. So that's another example of where we'll avoid some big capital.

Yeah, and also I'd say the Greif integration level is very good, and although it will give us some additional tons, which we will need, we can manage that quite elegantly, I think, going forward.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. Next question, please.

Our next question will come from Gabe Hodge though with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead with your question.

Uh, good morning gentlemen. Um, I apologize for the avoidance of doubt. I think you said bookings up 2% versus Q2 24. I presume you meant Q3 24. Um, and same day shipments were up 11 and a half percent in that period.

Yes, I did. I'm sorry. I misstated there. Thank you. Thank you, Gabe.

No, I wasn't trying to. I just want to make sure that we're clear.

Yes.

Because up 10 versus what could have been a depressed June number, I think is causing a little bit of confusion for folks. So that's why I asked the question.

Yeah, I was just trying to indicate, Gabe, I was just trying to indicate that, you know, the trend is clearly up from the trend that was taking place in Q2.

Understood. Anything specific on the Grife acquisition from a financial standpoint, cash tax specifically, that could be advantageous to you on the acquisition?

As far as CapEx?

No, no, cash taxes, Mark.

I'm sorry, we couldn't hear you. You're not coming through clearly, Gabe. What was that?

I apologize. Cash tax. Cash, taxes.

Oh, tax.

Yep. And the big, beautiful bill.

Oh, okay. So, yeah, two things there. Yeah, Gabe, two things. It's Kent. Number one, the acquisition will largely be structured as an asset acquisition, meaning that we'll get the depreciation shield there. So that's number one. Number two, yes, we're going to get an opportunity with the bill to take bonus depreciation at a higher level than what was in force. So, yes.

Okay. Thank you. And then I guess last one, back to the nuts and bolts of what you guys do on a day-to-day basis, making boxes and keeping customers happy. We read about a large e-commerce customer potentially moving suppliers I'm just curious if you're seeing more instances of bidding out there given sort of what appears to be a little bit of a volatile environment.

Gabe, I would say no. I think it's just basically kind of business as usual from the customer's point of view. But I will remind everybody that with the recent announcements in the industry relative to – you know, to mills and box plants, I think that, you know, supply has become very much in line with demand as it exists today.

Understood. Thank you.

Thanks, Gabe. Appreciate it. Next question, please.

Our next question will come from Mark Weintraub with Seaport Research Partners. Please go ahead.

Thank you. I wanted just to follow up a little bit on the Greif Acquisition Program. I know the press release, et cetera, had talked about the run rate of that business having been $212 million during that May through April period and that you had outlined $60 million in synergy potential. Two points of clarification. One, you just raised the Dallas facility. I know that Greif had talked about that potentially earlier. making $30 million, but I don't think it was making much money in the time period which covered the $212 million. So I just wanted to clarify that and whether you think that's a reasonable type of number and whether that was included in your synergies or not. And then I guess that $212 million is sort of backward looking. Is it fair to say that given the price increases and some other variables that sort of the the look forward run rate you would anticipate at this point to be higher than that? And if we kind of talk about what the key variables we should be focused on as we do that analysis, that'd be super helpful.

Hey, Mark, this is Tom. First of all, you know, the 212, is there upside to that? Yes. Did they capture some upside to that? Yes. So we'll be, you know, we're heading in better shape there. Did we build the Did we build Dallas into our synergies? Yes, to some extent, quite conservatively, but we see some tremendous upside with that Dallas facility, as Mark mentioned, because it can be expanded dramatically beyond where it is right now with Greif. So does that essentially answer your question, Mark?

It does. does, and then I guess the last part, and maybe you did sort of address it, obviously, and we've had some price increase. I guess it wasn't quite clear when you say that they, so they're already making, it's already making more, so the benefit of the price increases are already visible and showing up, and I wasn't quite clear.

Well, we know what the estimates are. That's all we know at this stage of the game, but the estimates were for greater than the 212. So obviously they were still flowing through price increase after our agreement.

That's helpful. Thank you. And then just let's say, I mean, one thing is when I look at last year, there was like a 4% step up in your bulk shipments from the second quarter to the third quarter. And so you presumably have a pretty tough comp this quarter, even tougher than the second quarter as well. And so I think you had talked about still expecting to be up year over year in the third quarter. So that would actually seem to suggest continued sequential, pretty strong sequential improvement. And I just want to make sure I'm getting that right and And the comment about improving to the third quarter wasn't just a sequential comment.

The improvement to the third quarter was a sequential comment. And so the third quarter of 25 over third quarter of 24 will be relatively flat. I mean, it might be up just a little hair, but it's going to be relatively flat as we estimate right now. And again, you know, as we indicated, our... our estimates are based on a lot of unknowns right now with the tariffs and the global structures and things like that. So that could change quite dramatically, I think, by the end of the third quarter.

And in terms of change, risk to the upside or downside?

Upside. No, to the upside, because I think as soon as we get some certainty to some of these to some of these issues that exist out there, and I'm just telling you what our customers are telling us as well, is that they can try to get back to what we would consider more business as usual and have more predictability going forward. And all of that's to the upside. I think most are all operating on a very conservative nature right now.

And Mark, as I said a few minutes ago, the last few Friday-Saturday periods, we've had the best couple of Friday-Saturday periods that we've had in four months. You'd have to go back to the, you know, March-April period. And so we've seen that significant movement just through the end-of-the-week cut-up.

Yeah, and what Mark's really talking about is having to, you know, work into Saturdays as opposed to just being off, you know, being straight five days a week. We're getting into six days a week now.

All right. So, I mean, it sounds to me like you think maybe there's this, like, pent-up demand that's potentially there, but you want to see the green lights on tariffs and then people would... Yes, yes.

And I think one of the things that really exists is, and you've seen it in other downturns, is when people pull in their horns and really manage their inventory incredibly tight because they can't really predict what's going to happen to their business over the long haul, those inventories change almost overnight to the upside. Right. and then our customers can get out and start moving product forward. I mean, just think as an example, if interest rates come down and that impacts the housing market, I mean, just a building products segment is going to just jump dramatically because it's down double digits in the last few years. Very helpful. Thanks a lot.

Thank you. Next question, please.

Our next question will come from Anoja Shah with UBS. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. Morning. You said that you expect prices in the packaging segment to be flat in Q3 sequentially. I thought there was a little bit of the February price increase that was rolling into Q3. Is that right? And if so, are there puts and takes to that flat estimate, that flat guidance?

We're putting it in as flat right now because arguably we've got the complete pass-through done. Typically in our fashion, we get it faster than the rest of the industry. So we've essentially got that price increase in place. There may be a slight upside, but that's it.

Okay, great. Thanks for clarifying. And then just going back to the e-commerce question, Can you give a sense of what the growth in e-commerce has been like so far this year? And maybe, if you can, your outlook for the rest of the year?

I can't tell you exactly what the entire e-commerce industry has done. I can tell you that our customers continue to grow, and that's a good thing. So if you indicated off of our customers, they're still growing mid-single digits so far this year. And it's going to be really interesting e-comm is, when you talk about this year, it's a little more difficult because e-comm is more of a second-half business. And that's really kind of driving our industry to be more of a second-half industry, quite frankly. So that creates, again, perhaps a little more upside to where we are right now in terms of this questionable environment. So I can answer the e-comm question a lot easier at the end of the year than I can mid-year. But so far it's still up, and obviously, you know, it's a big part of the box business today given the way people shop.

Yeah. Thanks very much. I'll turn it over.

You're welcome. Thank you. Next question, please.

Our next question will come from Anthony Petanari with Citi. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I'm wondering if it's possible to, Hey, I'm wondering if you can say where PCAs recycled mix will be before and after the Greif acquisition. And then just from a high level, the Greif's recycled capabilities open up, you know, new customer sets or were they hitting some segments of the markets where you really couldn't compete before? If there's any thoughts there.

Yeah, I'll comment. And then Tom can add to that. You know, we've, We've historically been around that 20% level, depending on time of year and price of OCC might be as low as 15%, but with gripe, we'll theoretically be moving up to around that 30% level.

Yeah, and I'll just add that, yeah, I mean, it's not, we've never been prevented from certain markets, but it's going to provide some better opportunities for us, especially since they've got 100% recycled mill in Massillon. and we can swing that between liner and medium if we want. We can do a lot of things, and we've got a lot of plants strategically located very close by. So, you know, we'll be freight positive and fiber positive, quite frankly, out of that facility.

You know, what Tom's saying is that our big Ashland plant is like 44 miles away from Massillon, and the new plant down in Newark is like 90 miles away. So we'll be in a position just to shuttle, PCA shuttle, roll stock, in and out. So again, considerable savings right there.

Okay, that's very helpful. And then just following up on Gabe's question, I mean, we have seen a number of closure announcements this year, some of them pretty large, and not asking you to comment on your competitor's business, but I'm just wondering if any of these closures have allowed you to pick up some business or impacted you in other ways or if there's any maybe specific regions that are performing better than others, just any follow-up thoughts there.

Difficult question to respond to, Anthony, but a good one from your standpoint. Much more difficult for me to respond to, but I would say that no – It's hard to tell at this point, quite frankly, because I think what you're looking at is you're looking at what we've been talking about for a long time, and that is that it's a very small, limited outside market for container board today in the United States. And so if you're focused on that, there's little upside to that. And then, of course, you've got the export situation and what's going on globally. And if you're focused in that market, you've got some real challenges as well. So I think those two things wrapped together along with where we are in current demand probably led to some of those decisions. And obviously it's positive to us going forward, but that's just the way we see it. Okay. I'll turn it over. Thank you.

Thank you. Next question, please.

Our next question will come from Phil Eng with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Hey, Mark, Tom, and Kent. This is John. I'm for Phil. Really appreciate all the details. I wanted to start off just kind of going back to the volumes on a year-over-year basis. I mean, you called out BOP shipments were going to be about flat year-over-year, but is the container board production expected to be down? I know you talked about a little bit of a ramp-up sequentially ahead of Derrida, but I'm just thinking about on a year-over-year basis with some of the economic downtime that you've been taking, you know, is that something that's going to be down year-over-year?

Well, you know, we're probably 25,000, 30,000 tons down year-over-year. compared to last year. And that's primarily the export sales container board that we, again, under the current market situation with tariff, we choose not to participate in right now.

Makes sense. Okay. And then from your perspective on the demand front, are your customers done destocking? Like, do you have any insights on their inventory levels? And, you know, just thinking about as we maybe get some clarity on these fire up negotiations and maybe we see some pullback in rates if that could lead to a good amount of torque coming through maybe back after this year going into next year.

Yeah, our customers are through the destocking part. As I said, they're carrying incredibly lean inventories. And, you know, going forward, if we just get some certainty in, you know, in the global economy, and, of course, get any kind of interest rate movements here domestically, I think things are going to open up quite dramatically. Great.

Appreciate it. I'll turn it over.

Thanks.

Thank you. Next question.

Our next question will come from Charlie Muir-Simes with BNP Paribas. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. Thank you very much for taking my questions. Firstly, just on the Greif acquisition, I'm not too familiar with the assets. You've obviously disclosed the 800,000 tons of mill capacity and alluded to the integration rate, but can you just clarify how much corrugated production or capacity or both the company has or what levels of integration that operation had? And then secondly on that, Obviously, it's a $1.8 billion acquisition funded from cash and borrowings. Can you just give any kind of steer on the marginal cost of that for our modeling? And then I have one follow-up question.

Yeah, Charlie, it's Kent. We are modeling about 5.5% interest rate on the new debt, so around $100 million incremental interest there.

And regarding the Greif assets and the integration level, the integration level is probably in that 70%, 75% range. So as I said, there will be some available tons that we're going to need in this acquisition.

Great, thanks. And given your comments about seeing a pickup in demand and therefore sort of extra shifts coming on late on Fridays or into Saturdays, Can you just talk about how we should think about operational leverage or deleverage on that marginal growth if you do see a demand pick up? Would the leverage of the fixed costs mean that it's an incrementally more profitable business, or do you end up having to pay overtime and therefore it doesn't really drop through a greater than your EBITDA margin? Just any color there, thanks.

Well, Charlie, the only thing I'd tell you is that most of our costs are covered at some point. And so when you go beyond that point, I mean, a lot of that falls directly to the bottom line because we've already covered those costs. So you might get a small incremental addition in overtime or something like that, but that's minuscule compared to all the other costs you've already absorbed.

Thank you.

Anything else, Charlie?

That was it. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Joe, any more questions? Mr. Colzant, I see that there are no more questions. Do you have any closing comments?

Yes, I'd like to thank everybody for joining us today on the call and look forward to speaking with you in October when we will cover the third quarter. Have a nice day. Thank you very much. Thank you.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines.